For www.ctege.info
Denmark C5 in social studies
1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political regime"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the political regime.
Explanation.
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: a set of means and methods by which the state has a regulatory effect on society.
Another definition that is close in meaning can be given.
2) two sentences with information about the political regime based on knowledge of the course, for example:
− “The leading form of political regime in the modern world is democracy”; - "Political regimes can be authoritarian, totalitarian, democratic."
Any other proposals containing information about the political regime can be made.
2. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political leadership"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information www about political.ctege leadership.info.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: “Political leadership is the constant influence by a certain person on society, an organization or a group in the field of political relations”
2) two sentences with information about political leadership, let's say:
- “Activities of I.V. Stalin is a vivid example of political leadership”;
- "Political leadership tends to be multi-role."
Any other proposals containing correct information about political leadership may be drafted.
3. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "scientific knowledge"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about scientific knowledge.
Explanation.
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: “Scientific knowledge is knowledge established and verified with
with the help of special methods of science included in the general system of substantiated knowledge”;
2) two sentences containing information about scientific knowledge, for example:
- “Scientific knowledge, along with firmly established knowledge, also includes hypotheses”;
- "One of the methods for revealing scientific knowledge is an experiment."
Any other proposals containing correct information about scientific knowledge can be made.
4. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political radicalism"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about political radicalism.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) The meaning of the concept, for example:
- the principle according to which parties and movements are ready to use any means, including extreme, violent ones, to achieve their goals in the political field.
2) Two sentences with information about political radicalism based on knowledge of the course, for example:
– "Political radicalism www can have .ctege different shades, ranging from .info from the left, communist, to the far right, fascist, nationalist.”
– "The danger of political radicalism increases in difficult, crisis times for the state, against the backdrop of a deterioration in the situation of broad sections of the population."
Any other sentences containing information about political radicalism can be made.
5. Name three features of a presidential republic that distinguish it from a parliamentary republic.
Explanation.
The response may include the following:
- strict separation of the legislative power from the executive;
- the combination of a government post and the seat of a deputy of parliament is excluded;
- the president is elected in elections separate from the parliamentary ones;
- executive power is less dependent on the will of the deputies of parliament.
6. What is the meaning of scientists invest in the concept of "costs"? Drawing on the knowledge of the course, make two sentences containing information about costs.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example:
- company costs - monetary value of the costs of all factors involved in the production of finished products; 2) two sentences with cost information based on knowledge of the course, for example:
- “Variable costs can be payment for raw materials and materials, wages of workers, payment for electricity, transportation costs”;
- "The profit of the firm depends on the ratio of revenue from the sale of products and costs."
Any other proposals containing cost information may be made.
7. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "constituent agreement"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the memorandum of association.
Explanation.
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Memorial agreement - a document on the agreement of two or more parties, which fixes the legal status of the enterprise (organization) being created, fixes the authorized capital, establishes the procedure for distributing expenses, the rights and obligations of the parties";
2) two sentences with information about political culture:
- “The Memorandum of Association may be signed by both legal entities and individuals”;
- "A constituent agreement is necessary when creating various types of partnerships, business companies."
8. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political culture"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about political culture.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: “Political culture is one of the elements of the political system”;
2) two sentences with information about political culture:
- “You can talk about the political culture of society and the political culture of an individual”;
- "The political culture of a person clearly reflects his worldview."
Elements of the answer can be given in a different form that is close in meaning.
9. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social role"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the social role.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "A social role is a model of human behavior, objectively set by the social position of the individual in the system of social and personal relations."
2) two sentences with information about the social role based on the knowledge of the course, for example:
- "Social roles are associated with social status, profession or type of activity";
- "In modern society, role conflicts that arise in situations where an individual is required to simultaneously perform several social roles with conflicting requirements are widespread."
Any other .ctege sentences containing .info correct information about the social role can be made www.ctege.
10. Name any four global problems of our time.
Explanation.
Global problems of our time can be named, for example:
- the threat of an ecological crisis;
- the threat of international terrorism;
- the problem of war and peace;
- problem "North - South";
- demographic problem;
- the problem of protecting health and preventing the spread of AIDS, drug addiction.
11. What is the limited economic resources? Give at least three statements.
Explanation.
The response states the following:
- limited arable land;
- exhaustibility of minerals;
- limited labor resources.
12. Name three public institutions that contribute to the socialization of the individual.
Explanation.
In response, the following institutions can be named:
Family;
- school (education);
- mass media;
- labor collective.
13. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"? Drawing on the knowledge of www social science.ctege course, make.info two sentences,
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: “a social group is a collection of people who have some common significant social attribute”; Another definition that is close in meaning can be given.
2) two sentences with information about social groups based on knowledge of the course, for example:
- "Social groups are subdivided according to the number, nature of interaction, method of organization, degree of organization, duration of existence, character, age and gender."
- "In groups, a person realizes his social (public) essence."
Other proposals can be made containing correct information about social groups in society.
14. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "citizenship"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about citizenship.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: citizenship is a stable legal relationship between a person and the state, expressed in the totality of mutual rights and obligations;
2) two sentences with information about citizenship based on knowledge of the course, for example:
- "Citizenship may be acquired by a person from birth or by way of citizenship."
- "Citizenship ensures the legal capacity of a person." Any other proposals containing citizenship information can be made
15. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "cases of market failure"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make up two sentences containing information about the failure of the market.
Explanation.
A correct answer must www contain the following .ctege elements: .info
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Cases (facts) of market failure - situations in which market regulatory mechanisms are insufficient and, without state intervention, it becomes impossible to resolve them"; Another definition that is close in meaning can be given.
2) two sentences with information about market failure based on knowledge of the course, for example:
- “The cases of market failure in the modern economy include overcoming negative externalities from economic activity.”
- "Market failure can find its manifestation in the development and financing of fundamental science, the implementation of large infrastructure projects."
Any other proposals containing correct market failure information may be made.
16. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social control"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social control.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: social control is a system of ways of regulating the influence of society, social groups on a person;
2) two sentences with information about social control based on knowledge of the course, for example:
- "Social control aims to ensure that social norms are met by members of society." .
- "Social control serves to maintain the stability of the social system."
Any other sentences containing information about social control can be made.
17. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "social cognition"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social cognition.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Social knowledge is scientific knowledge aimed at studying the patterns of development of society as a whole, communities and associations of people, human activities."
Another definition that is close in meaning can be given.
2) two sentences with information about social cognition based on knowledge of the course, for example:
– “The specificity of social cognition is the coincidence of the cognizing subject with the cognized
object."
- "In social cognition www the method of experiment.ctege is less common.info in contrast to the knowledge of the natural sciences."
Any other sentences containing correct information about social cognition can be made.
18. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "science"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about science.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) The meaning of the concept, for example: "Science is a special kind of cognitive activity aimed at obtaining, clarifying and disseminating objective, system-organized and justified knowledge about nature, society, man, consciousness."
Another definition that is close in meaning can be given.
2) Two sentences with information about science based on knowledge of the course, for example:
– “In addition to systematized knowledge, the concept of science also includes a community of scientists, institutions and laboratories engaged in research activities.”
– “Scientists offer various classifications of sciences, but the division of science into social-humanitarian and natural-science”.
Any other proposals containing correct information about science can be made.
19. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social progress"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social progress.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: “Social progress is the direction of development from the lowest (simple, imperfect) to the highest (complex, perfect)”; Another definition that is close in meaning can be given.
2) two sentences with information about social progress based on knowledge of the course, for example:
- “Improving the material conditions of life and increasing its duration is considered by many to be the main criterion of social progress”;
- "Some scholars offer as an integrative criterion of social progress the level of humanization of society, the position of the individual in it."
Any other proposals containing correct information about social progress may be made.
20. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "social formation"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two
sentences containing information about a social formation.
Explanation. www.ctege.info
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "A social formation is a concrete historical form of existence of society that has developed on the basis of a given mode of production"; Another definition that is close in meaning can be given.
2) two sentences with information about the social formation based on the knowledge of the course, for example:
- “The social formation can be understood as the structure of society inherent in a given stage of its development”;
- "Primary for society and social formation is the understanding of production relations, property relations."
Any other proposals containing correct information about the social formation can be made.
1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the "social group".
Answer: a social group is a stable collection of people that has distinct, only inherent features (social status, interests, value orientations).
Sample sentences: The emergence of social groups is associated with the social division of labor and the specialization of human activity . A social group is an intermediary between an individual and society as a whole. Social groups can be of various sizes - small and large, as well as formal and informal.
2. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "quasigroup"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the "quasi-group".
Answer:
a quasi-group is an unstable, informal set of people, united, as a rule, by one or very few types of interaction, having an indefinite structure, system of values and norms.
Sample sentences: The main properties of quasi-groups include anonymity, suggestibility, social contagion, unconsciousness. Quasi-groups most often exist for a short time, after which they either completely disintegrate, or, under the influence of the situation, turn into stable social groups. Quasi-groups include the audience, fan group, crowd, etc.
C6 - a task that requires concretization of theoretical provisions with the help of examples of social life. Most often, tasks of two models are used: “explain by example” (first model) or “illustrate with examples” (second model). The first model does not unfold before the examinee the requirements for specific “steps” for completing tasks; it is more difficult to complete. The second model can be formulated in several ways: “Name ... and illustrate with an example”, “Give a position with an appropriate example”, “Name and give an appropriate example”.
"Social relations" - CLASS of public relations. Socio-economic relations. The place of the social sphere in the system of spheres of society's life. The subject of socioeconomics. Ergonomics. Labor Economics. Social relations. SEA of a slave-owning society. Relations about the reproduction of man as a subject of political life.
"Social work at school" - TASKS: to reveal the content and forms of activity of a social teacher at school. Observations Persuasion Sociometry Conversations. Diagnostic Educational and upbringing Prognostic and expert Organizational and communicative Security and protection Intermediary. Methods. Visiting students at home (by whom, what measures were taken, the result).
"Social security" - In the 1980s. the situation has not changed: there has been no noticeable development of industries and health services. The decline in the birth rate began in the 1960s. Policy in the field of protection of motherhood and childhood. The distribution of funds was strictly controlled. 4. Mixed forms of social services. 3. State care and control.
"Social policy" - Reducing the intellectual potential of the country. Modern problems of social policy in developed countries. Some examples of modern The prevalence of social benefits. Arguments in favor of the welfare state. What are the criteria for fairness? What is important for understanding social policy? Two components of social policy.
"The work of a social educator" - Rehabilitation. Socio-pedagogical assistance. Family counseling in the work of a social pedagogue. Correction. Upbringing. Group. Psychological. Advisor - talks about the development of the child; gives pedagogical advice on the upbringing of children. Family counseling. Correction of interpersonal relationships.
The term "social institution". The institutionalization of the papacy. Structural elements of the main institutions. 4. Oral and written codes of conduct - a way to consolidate roles and exercise social control. For example: For the state - the constitution, laws; For business - contracts, licenses, charters. Phases of the life cycle of a social institution.
C5 (32). What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social stratification"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social stratification.
Answer:
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(Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning) |
Points |
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The correct answer must contain the following elements: the meaning of the concept, For example: - social stratification - social difference, inequality of the position of people in the social structure. Another definition that is close in meaning can be given. two sentences with information about social stratification based on knowledge of the course, for example: “The stratification is based on many criteria, among them are the amount of income, the level of education, access to power, the prestige of the profession.” - "Stratification is a certain section of the social structure of society, or a theoretical angle of view on how human society works." Other sentences containing information on social stratification may be drawn up. |
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The meaning of the concept is revealed and two sentences are made containing information about the corresponding social object |
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The meaning of the concept is revealed and one sentence is composed containing information about the corresponding social object; OR the meaning of the concept is not explicitly disclosed, but is presented in two composed sentences, indicating that the graduate knows the social science content of this concept |
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The meaning of the concept is revealed, sentences are not made, OR the proposals are made without the involvement of social science knowledge, OR social science knowledge in the proposed proposals is not involved in the context of the concept under consideration, OR the meaning of the concept is not explicitly disclosed, one sentence is composed containing information about the corresponding social object, OR the answer is wrong |
Options for tasks No. 32 in the section "Social Relations"
to prepare for the exam in social studies
Task number 1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social control"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the structure of social control, and one sentence revealing any function of social control.
Explanation.
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: social control is a system of ways of regulating the influence of society, social groups on a person;
2) one sentence with information about the structure of social control, for example: "Social control includes social norms and social sanctions"; (Other sentences may be drawn up containing information about the structure of social control.)
3) one sentence, revealing, based on knowledge of the course, any function of social control, for example: "Social control serves to maintain the stability of the social system."
Other proposals can be made, revealing, based on the knowledge of the course, any function of social control.
Task number 2. List any three reasons why people join groups.
Explanation.
Content of the correct answer
Reasons may be given in response, for example:
1) groups satisfy a person's need for social belonging;
2) in a group a person satisfies one or another interest;
3) in a group, a person performs activities that he cannot carry out alone.
Other reasons may also be cited.
Task number 3. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "socialization of the individual"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the socialization of the individual.
Explanation.
Content of the correct answer (Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning).
elements :
1) the meaning of the concept , for example: “The socialization of a person is the assimilation of the main spiritual wealth accumulated by society, as well as the norms of social life”;
Another definition that is close in meaning can be given.
2) two sentences containing information about the socialization of the individual, for example:
- “The family is the institution of primary socialization”;
- "The socialization of the individual helps her to adapt to the conditions of social life."
Any other proposals containing correct information about the socialization of the individual can be drawn up.
Task number 4. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "social role"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the social role.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "A social role is a model of human behavior, objectively set by the social position of the individual in the system of social and personal relations."
2) two sentences with information about the social role based on the knowledge of the course, for example:
- "Social roles are associated with social status, profession or activity";
- "In modern society, role conflicts that arise in situations where an individual is required to simultaneously perform several social roles with conflicting requirements have become widespread."
Task number 5. Name three public institutions that contribute to the socialization of the individual.
Explanation.
Content of the correct answer (Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning).
In response, the following institutions can be named:
Family;
School (education);
Mass media;
Labor collective.
Task number 6. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social stratification"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the criteria for social stratification, and one sentence revealing the essence of one of these criteria.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: the division of society into social classes;
(Another definition that is close in meaning may be given.)
2) one sentence with information about the criteria of social stratification, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: “The criteria for social stratification include income, power, education, prestige of the profession”;
(Other proposals may be made containing information on the criteria for social stratification.)
3) one sentence, revealing, based on knowledge of the course, the essence of one of the criteria for social stratification, for example: “Income is the amount of money received by an individual or family over a certain period of time. Income can be received in the form of wages, pensions, allowances, stipends, etc.” Other proposals can be made, revealing, based on the knowledge of the course, the essence of one of the criteria for social stratification
Task number 7. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "socialization"?
Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about socialization.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
the meaning of the concept, for example
The process during which the individual learns the basic elements of culture, norms and rules, the formation of personality takes place.
two sentences
The process of socialization continues throughout human life, but with varying intensity: this is how a person most actively masters social roles at school age, in youth, and in old age activity decreases;
Socialization occurs both as a result of a spontaneous, unintentional impact on a person, and as a result of a purposeful impact (education).
Any other suggestions may be specified
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Task number 8. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"?
Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the social group.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
the meaning of the concept, for example
A group of people united by common interests and activities.
two sentences
One person is a member of several social groups at once;
Depending on the number of people, sociologists distinguish large and small social groups, and depending on the organization - informal and formal.
Any other sentences containing information about social groups can be given.
Task number 9. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "national policy"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about national politics.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the followingelements :
1) the meaning of the concept , for example: national policy is a set of political and organizational measures applied by the authorities to the nationalities living in its territory.
2) two sentences with information about national policy based on knowledge of the course, for example:
- the basis of the national policy of Russia is the equality of the peoples inhabiting it;
- national policy in a number of states can take on the character of national terror (pogroms, ethnic cleansing, genocide)
Task number 10. Characterizing vertical social mobility, social scientists talk about the channels of social mobility. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "channels of social mobility"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the channels of social mobility.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "the ways (methods) along which people move from one social group to another."
Another definition close in meaning may be given;
2) two sentences with information about the channels of social mobility, based on the knowledge of the course, for example:
− “The most common channel of social mobility in modern society is education”;
− “Through the channels of social mobility, a person can either rise to a higher social level or descend to a lower position.”
Any other proposals containing correct information about the channels of social mobility can be drawn up
Task number 11. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social conflict"? Make up two sentences containing information about social conflict.
Explanation.
the meaning of the concept, for example: "Social conflict is a conflict caused by disagreements between social groups or individuals with differences in opinions and views, the desire to take a leading position; a manifestation of people's social ties."
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Task number 12. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social inequality"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social inequality.
Explanation.
The correct answer may include:
Social inequality is a form of social differentiation in which individual individuals, social groups, strata, classes are at different levels of the vertical social hierarchy and have unequal life chances and opportunities to meet needs.
In its most general form, inequality means that people live in conditions in which they have unequal access to limited resources of material and spiritual consumption.
Performing qualitatively unequal types of labor, satisfying social needs to varying degrees, people sometimes find themselves engaged in economically heterogeneous labor, because such types of labor have a different assessment of their social utility.
Task number 13. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "social role"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the social roles of a person.
Explanation.
The correct answer may include:
Social role (Linton, Mead) - a behavior model focused on a certain status.
The following suggestions may be made:
Social roles can be divided into: Psychosomatic - behavior depends on biological needs, human culture;
Psychodramatic - behavior depends on the requirements of the social. environment; Social - a person behaves as expected by representatives of a certain social. categories.
A role set is a set of roles performed by a person.
The main roles are family, professional, social and political.
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Task number 14. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "vertical social mobility"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the channels of social mobility, and one sentence revealing the effect of any of the channels of social mobility.
Explanation.
Vertical social mobility is the movement of individuals or groups in a social structure with a change in social status. You can move from group to group, improve your social status through military service, marriage, education, which received the name of social elevators. One of the most important channels of social mobility is education, which provides access to prestigious positions and titles, without which it is impossible to make a career in modern society.
Task number 15. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social norms"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about ways to regulate people's behavior by social norms, and one sentence about the types of social norms.
Explanation.
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: rules, regulations and standards related to them, patterns of behavior; (Another definition that is close in meaning may be given).
2) one sentence, with information about ways to regulate people's behavior by social norms, for example: The main ways to regulate people's behavior by social norms are: permission, prescription, prohibition. (Any other proposals can be made containing information about ways to regulate people's behavior by social norms).
3) one sentence, which, based on the knowledge of the course, reveals the types of social norms, for example: Fashion, etiquette rules, aesthetic norms are types of social norms. (Any other sentences containing information about the types of social norms can be made).
Task number 16. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social mobility"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of social mobility, and one sentence revealing the essence of any type of social mobility.
Explanation.
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: social mobility is a change in the social position of an individual, a social group; (Another definition that is close in meaning may be given.)
2) a sentence with information about the types of social mobility based on the knowledge of the course, for example: Sociologists distinguish vertical and horizontal, individual and group social
mobility. (Another proposal could be made containing information on types of social mobility.)
3) a sentence that reveals, based on knowledge of the course, the essence of any type of social mobility, for example: Vertical mobility is associated with the movement of a person or social group up or down the social ladder, improving or worsening their social position.
Task number 17. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social conflict"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of social conflict, and one sentence about the causes of social conflict.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: it is a confrontation, a clash of two or more subjects (sides) of social interaction, the causes of which are incompatible needs, interests and values; (Another definition that is close in meaning may be given.)
2) one sentence with information about the types of social conflict, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: social conflict can be hidden and obvious; (Any other proposal containing information about the types of social conflicts can be made.)
3) one sentence, revealing, based on the knowledge of the course, the causes of social conflict, for example: the cause of social conflict can be a clash of interests in any area of human relationships, for example, personal differences. (Any other sentence can be made that reveals the causes of social conflict.)
Proposals must be formulated correctly, not contain elements that distort the meaning of the concept and / or its aspects.
