Theme: “Water. Its meaning and properties. Water resources of Altai»
Lesson objectives: To expand and generalize knowledge about water through the organization and defense of projects in mini-groups by students.
Tasks:
Training:
continue to form the concept of animate and inanimate nature, the relationship between them;
expand and deepen ideas about the importance of water in nature, about its distribution on Earth;
to deepen the understanding of the three states of water (liquid, solid and gaseous) and the properties of water - liquid;
generalize the concept of solution, solvent, soluble and insoluble substances;
Developing:
continue the formation of research skills;
develop logical and abstract thinking;
develop dialogical and monologue speech;
to form the skills of analytical and synthetic activities;
stimulate initiative, determination, cooperation skills;
Educational:
foster respect for water;
foster a culture of relationships;
1. Organization of the beginning of the lesson.
2. Communication of the topic, goals and objectives of the lesson.
Guys, I suggest you guess the crossword puzzle and determine the topic of the lesson and the goal (Generalization, Water).
Crossword questions:
1. Model of our planet (globe)
2. An excessively moistened piece of land with moisture-loving plants (swamp)
3. Part of the earth's surface that rises significantly above the plain (mountain)
4. What river is our city on? (Biya)
5. Natural depression in the rock (cave)
6. The water shell of the Earth surrounding the continents and islands (ocean)
7. The lowest place of the ravine (bottom).
8. The hottest continent on our planet (Africa)
9.Large landmass (mainland)
3. The main part.
Let's start with the reports of the groups on their work. But first, listen to the words of the famous French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupery, which will be the motto of our lesson:
“Water! You have no taste, no color, no smell. You cannot be described, you are enjoyed without knowing what you are. It cannot be said that you are necessary for life: you are life itself ... You are the greatest wealth in the world”(The poem is read by heart by a prepared child)
We must get to knowwith the importance of water in human life, with the basic properties of water, with the concept of “water is a solvent”, to touch the secret of the water riches of the native land.
We were engaged in search activities in groups. Each group received a task, now they will report and fill their place in the table. I will act as a consultant. We start work.
1. View images of the planets
As an intro to the report of the 1st group on the topic “The Importance of Water in Human Life”, I propose to look at the images of the planets and answer the question “How does our planet differ from the rest of the planets in the Universe?” (Only on it there is water).
2 . Group 1 report. “The importance of water in human life ”.
1 student. Our group studied the importance of water in human life.
Water is lakes, rivers, seas, oceans. Water is in the air, soil, underground. Water is glaciers in the mountains and clouds in the sky. Water is part of all living organisms. Water and life are inseparable from each other. Without food, a person can live for 40 days, but without water, he dies on the eighth day. But water is needed for more than just drinking and cooking.
2 student- Rafts, boats, ships move on the water. People travel, carry cargo, fish, protect from poachers, rescue people who find themselves in the sea, explore the underwater world.
3 student - Water creates beauty in nature. These are beautiful landscapes with lakes, seas; and waterfalls, causing admiration; even an ordinary home aquarium, creates beauty in the house and soothes.
4 student - Water is necessary for growing plants, as drinking is vital for animals and humans.
5 student.
WATER IS LIFE
Water is a beautiful creation
us environment,
Source of strength, inspiration,
Source of life and praise.
After all, without her, the earth is empty,
Like a scorched desert
Save nature man
Life in the lake and ocean
The calm of ponds, the flow of rivers,
A sip of water in your glass!
(Class work - summarizing the drawings on the board)
Conclusion: Meaning - beauty, movement, life for plants, animals and humans, etc.)
Report of the 2nd group "States of water"
1 student. Our group studied the state of water.
Water exists in nature in three states: liquid, solid and gaseous. Depending on the temperature, it can go from one state to another. Water molecules are the same in shape and size, but in different states the distance between them is also different.
2 student - Water can be in a liquid state - these are rivers, lakes and other bodies of water, as well as drinking water from a tap and more.
3 student- When water freezes, it turns into ice, these are icebergs, icicles, and more.
4 student- When heated, water turns into steam, it is invisible and its molecules are located between air molecules.
| water (3 states) | ||
| solid-liquid-gaseous |
||
- Report 3 groups. “Properties of water - liquid ”
1 student.
Our group was given the task to study the properties of water.
1) Water is fluid. Each of us had to spill water from a cup, and we saw how it spread.
2) Water has no shape. Look at this dish. The water poured inside took its shape.
3) Let's do this experiment: put a spoon into a glass of clean water. Is it good to see? What does it say? So the water is clear.
4) Does pure water have a color? No.
5) Let's determine if pure water has an odor. No.
6) When we studied the thermometer, we already said that water, like a liquid, expands when heated, and contracts when cooled. But it has another interesting property: when water turns into ice, it stops compressing and starts expanding. Therefore, a bottle of water filled to the top, left in the cold, bursts.
So, let's sum up.Representatives of the group take turns going to the board and fixing the nameplates of the properties of water.
4 .Report 4 groups. Our group studied the solubility property.
We all drank sweet tea, added soup or diluted paints. Sugar, salt, paints dissolved in water. The same thing happens with some other substances.
Substances that dissolve in water are calledsoluble . Water is their solvent. What happened after dissolution is called a solution.
Experimental activity
But let's conduct such an experiment: let's try to dissolve sand in water. (Demonstrates). What do you say about this? That's right, sand does not dissolve in water. Such substances are calledinsoluble .
So let's sum it up:
1) water has one more property: it is a solvent;
2) substances that dissolve in water are called soluble;
3) substances that do not dissolve in water are called insoluble;
4) water with a substance dissolved in it is called a solution.
Summarizing. Representatives of the group take turns coming to the board and fixing the name plates of terms on the topic “Water is a solvent”.
5. Report of the 5th group. "Water wealth of the native land".
Our group was given the task to study what rivers and lakes are in the Altai Territory.
Speaking of water, it is impossible not to touch on the conversation about the water resources of the Altai Territory (consider a map of the Altai Territory).
"Altai. My wonderful home. Her beauty, her celestial clarity is rare on earth, ”V.M. Shukshin.
V.V. Bianchi wrote: “Altai. I have never seen anything more beautiful in my life. For residence, I would choose Altai "
“At the top of Altai, the winds shook the cedar.
He has a golden bark, like the sun.
He is slimmer and taller in these mountain forests.
he has an abyss of blue cones on the branches ”(I. Vetlugin)
1. In total, there are 28,964 small and large rivers and 13,500 lakes in the region. They are conditionally divided into 2 parts: the Ob River basin and the Kulunda Plain basin. Pure river water is the result of the work of microorganisms that filter it, but harmful substances that are discharged into rivers and lakes destroy these organisms and the water becomes unsuitable for fish, causes gastrointestinal diseases in people, and is unsuitable as a place of rest. And there are many beautiful places for recreation in Altai.
2. Lake Teletskoye or "Golden Lake", with which many legends are associated, has a small area - 223 km2 , but, thanks to the great depth (up to 325m), it contains a huge amount of pure fresh water, saturated with oxygen. No wonder Lake Teletskoye is called the “second Baikal”. Only the Biya River flows out of it, and 70 glacial rivers and 150 temporary streams with water from the Chulyshman River flow into it.
3. There are beautiful waterfalls on many mountain rivers, which always leave unforgettable impressions on tourists. The most famous are Tekelu (60m), Kurkure (20m), Korbu (12m). And in winter, the waterfalls turn into a solid block of ice.
4. Altai is dominated by rivers with a length of less than 10 km., And the largest are Biya (301 km.), Katun (688 km.), Alei (858 km.). The Biya is the second largest river in Altai. It flows out of Lake Teletskoye and is used for rafting and boating. It has many wonderful places for recreation and fishing. Taimen, pike, ide, burbot, roach, gudgeon are found in the river.
5. Kulundinskoye lake - the largest among the lakes of Altai, but shallow - the depth does not exceed 3 meters. On its banks there is a nature reserve. The water is slightly saline and the salinity level is increasing and the water level is decreasing.
V I. Consolidation of the studied material, summing up.
Children, look at the blackboard. Here is a collection of all the studied material of the lesson. What have you learned? What did you like the most? Interested?
In conclusion, I want to say that water is well known to everyone, it surrounds us in everyday life. She is quite well researched. But just today, scientists say that many of the properties of water have not yet been fully studied. And some of them even seem fantastic. In science, there is an assumption that water absorbs and reflects everything that happens around, and depending on this, changes its structure, thereby affecting our emotional state and health.
Homework-mini-message about any body of water in the Altai Territory, the origin of the names of the Altai rivers and lakes.
I ask you to express your impression of the lesson by placing your “smiley face” on the corresponding part of the circle.
This lesson is over. Thank you for your cooperation.
On the blackboard poster with crossword puzzles
The motto of the lesson is written on the board.
2-3 students take turns going to the podium and defending the project on the topic “Water”, the works are posted on the board.
slides-
surfaces of the planets in the solar system.
album-atlas "Planets"
<Рисунок 1>
<Рисунок 2>
<Рисунок 3>
<Рисунок 4>
The poem is read by heart by a prepared child
Representatives of each group in turn come to the board and present their project.
The student demonstrates experiments on solubility with salt, sand, sugar
Demonstration of a map of the Altai Territory (showing named objects by children)
A trained student tells 28964 rivers, 13500 lakes. Lake Teletskoye (depth 325m.) Waterfalls Tekelyu (60m) Kurkure (20m) Korbu (12m) Biya 301m Katun 688m Aley 858m Kulundinskoe Lake The largest Depth 3m
Words to put on the board
:Water
Liquid
Solid
gaseous
Rain, fog, dew Snow,
ice, frost, iceberg
Steam (invisible)
Fluid
Has no form
Colorless
transparent
Without smell
Shrinks and expands
Solvent
Movement
the beauty
vital
For the production of bread and other food products
For heat transfer through pipes, etc.
28964 rivers, 13500 lakes.
Teletskoye lake (depth 325m.)
waterfalls
Tekelu (60m)
Kurkure(20m)
Korbu(12m)
Rivers
Biya 301m
Katun 688m
Aley 858m
Kulunda lake
The biggest
Depth 3m
municipal general
Introduction
Without water it is impossible to imagine a person's life, because he uses it for a variety of household needs. It was believed that since ancient times, a person had four essential tasks in relation to water: find it, conduct it, collect it and save it. The importance of water is great not only in human life, but also in the life of the whole Earth as a whole. Each of us needs to learn how to conserve water. Protect all its sources - streams, rivers, springs. Take care of it every day.
The problem of clean fresh water is very relevant in our time. Reservoirs are polluted with wastewater from enterprises, domestic wastewater, pesticides, and fertilizers.
Not absolutely clean and tap water.
Where and how does water get into the house?
Water supply in the house is a rather laborious and lengthy process, so water must be treated with care.
The path of water from the river begins far from the city, so that the waste products of people or industry do not get into the water supply. A pipe is drilled into an underground source or lowered into a river. With the help of pumps, water is pumped into special containers in which water is purified. The pipe at the end has a grate through which algae, stones and fish are not passed.
In the sedimentation tanks of water treatment plants, it is freed from small impurities in the form of sand, silt and clay. In the sump tanks, the water slows down and flows slowly so that everything has time to settle to the bottom.
From the sedimentation tanks, water enters special pools for disinfection. Pools have a specially equipped bottom. First, small pebbles are poured, and washed sand is poured on top. When water passes through the filter layers of sand and stones, it is cleared of microorganisms that adhere to the grains of sand.
At the same time, water is chlorinated to kill microbes and bacteria.
For the purpose of disinfection, ozonation can be used - treatment with ozone.
It also removes odors. At the end of the disinfection process, it is pumped to the water distribution station with the help of pumps.
From the water distribution station, it is pumped through pipes of different diameters to houses and apartments, and water appears in the tap. The stations are equipped with laboratories, whose employees constantly monitor the quality of drinking water supplied to consumers.
4601845612775Hot water is heated in boiler rooms or at a thermal power plant and pumped through pipelines to consumer homes.
The quality of tap water.
Of course, you can drink water from the tap, but it is hardly necessary! Unfortunately, often tap water can only be used directly for domestic needs.
Composition of tap water ---
Substances-reagents
Reagents - those substances that were introduced into the water during preliminary treatment. They are partially stored in the water supply and have a devastating effect on humans. These are various reagents for preventing corrosion of pipes, chlorine.
Chlorine
Of the water treatment disinfectants, chlorine is the most common. Its content is limited to 0.3-0.5 mg per 1 liter. However, even such small doses of toxic compounds cause diseases in many people: inflammation of the mucous membranes of the esophagus, a tendency to asthmatic manifestations, and an increased level of allergic reactions. The chlorine present in the water disappears from an open container during the day.
If the established requirements for the quality of tap water are not violated, then it does not cause serious damage to the body. But doctors recommend additional cleaning with home filters.
Substances contained in natural water --
Fluorine, iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, mercury, lead (up to 0.01 mg per liter), selenium can be contained in natural water in relatively small quantities (in the absence of pollution from industrial, agricultural and highway effluents).
Substances from wastewater ---
Wastewater is generated from domestic, industrial and agricultural drains and waste. Residues of chemical compounds of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides from farming, heavy metals from industrial production fall first into groundwater, then into rivers and water pipes. Without the possibility of neutralization, they cause poisoning, disease, weakening of the immune system and early old age.
Salts of various substances (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron) and minerals increase the hardness index.
Each chemical substance or its compound affects the human body in its own way:
Iron - often found in river waters in fairly large quantities. It is also “enriched” with iron as it moves through the pipes. With regular use of an increased amount of iron, it is deposited in organs and tissues, causing stratification of the gastric mucosa. The allowable rate of iron is up to 0.3 mg per 1 liter.
Copper comes from copper pipes. An increased amount of copper causes nausea and vomiting, with prolonged use of "copper" water, cirrhosis of the liver develops. Content up to 2 mg per 1 liter is allowed.
Lead - comes from wastewater, is a poison that affects the nervous system, kidneys, intestines. 0.01 mg of lead per 1 liter is allowed.
Aluminum - not only found in natural water, but also comes from coagulants. Damages the nervous system, disrupts cardiac activity.
Hydrogen sulfide - gives a rotten unpleasant odor, the content is limited to 0.05 mg per 1 liter.
Mercury is the result of technical pollution, causing damage to the psyche, kidney failure, and disruption of the digestive system. Limited to 0.0005 mg per 1 liter.
Molybdenum - causes joint pain and liver enlargement. 0.07 mg per 1 liter is allowed.
Selenium - upsets digestion, causes dermatitis and caries. Allowed up to 0.01 mg per 1 liter.
Magnesium - with an increased content affects the nervous system.
Fluorine is one of the relatively favorable additives, in the amount of 1.2 mg per 1 liter. prevents the development of caries. (wastewater)
Water purification.
Of course, you can drink water from the tap, but it is hardly necessary! City water usually contains a lot of mechanical and chemical contaminants. There are many bacteria and viruses in the water. The water we use contains a lot of calcium and magnesium salts. This makes the water especially hard. The use of such water is bad for both household appliances and the human body. Unfortunately, sanitary standards require that water treatment plants must add chlorine to disinfect water, which also negatively affects health.
Boiling alone cannot solve the problem of water purification - far from all the “additives” contained in it settle in the form of limescale on the walls of the kettle.
Household water purification methods:
People use different methods to purify water at home. However, not everyone knows how to properly implement them and what side effects may occur.
All methods of water purification can be conditionally divided into two groups: purification without the use of filters and purification using filters.
Water purification without filters:
This option is the most common and affordable, since water purification does not require the purchase of additional devices, except for ordinary kitchen utensils.
Boiling -
We all know from childhood that you can’t drink raw water, but only boiled water. Boiling is used to destroy organic matter (viruses, bacteria, microorganisms, etc.), remove chlorine and other low-temperature gases (radon, ammonia, etc.). Boiling does help to purify the water to some extent, but this process has a number of side effects. The first is that when boiling, the structure of water changes, i.e. it becomes “dead”, since oxygen evaporates. The more we boil water, the more it becomes useless for the human body. Secondly, since water evaporates during boiling, the concentration of salts in it increases. They are deposited on the walls of the kettle in the form of scale and lime and enter the human body during the subsequent consumption of water from the kettle.
Also note that when water is boiled, only chlorine gas is removed; after boiling tap water, additional chloroform is formed.
Conclusion. After boiling, we drink "dead" water, in which there are fine particles and mechanical particles, salts of heavy metals, chlorine and organochlorine (chloroform), viruses.
Settling -
Settling is used to remove chlorine from water and settling of large particles. As a rule, for this, tap water is poured into a large bucket and left in it for several hours. Without stirring the water in the bucket, the removal of chlorine gas occurs from about ⅓ of the depth from the water surface. It is this layer that is then used for consumption.
Conclusion. The efficiency of this method of water purification leaves much to be desired. After settling, it is necessary to boil water.
Freezing -
This method is used for effective water purification by means of its recrystallization. It is much more efficient than boiling.
Freezing is based on the chemical law, according to which, when a liquid freezes, the base substance crystallizes first in the coldest place, and lastly, in the least cold place, everything that was dissolved in the base substance solidifies. This phenomenon can be observed on the example of a candle. In an extinguished candle, away from the wick, pure transparent paraffin is obtained, and in the middle, where the wick burned, soot collects and the wax turns dirty. All liquid substances obey this law.
Water purification using filters -
Modern filters for water purification mainly use ozonation methods, the use of active silver and activated carbon, iodization, ultraviolet, ozonation and reverse osmosis.
Water ozonation -
The principle of operation of ozone during cleaning is as follows: the molecules of this reactive form of oxygen penetrate the cell membranes of organic substances and quickly oxidize them. This causes the cell death of the microorganism. Water treatment with ozone improves the taste of water and eliminates unpleasant odors.
The use of active silver -
The cleansing properties of silver have been used by man since time immemorial. Once upon a time, water was simply kept for some time in silver vessels, it was believed that after that the water was completely disinfected. The modern use of silver for water treatment is to combine silver ions with the shell of bacteria. This method, however, has opponents who argue that since silver is a heavy metal, this kind of purification is dangerous for the human body. To date, silver is also used for long-term storage of initially pure water.
Activated carbon -
Activated carbon is a reagent for sorption (from Latin sorbeo - I absorb) water purification to remove chlorine, odors and colors from water. The porous structure of activated carbon ensures its high efficiency.
Iodization -
Iodization is a commonly used method of water purification in swimming pools. In addition, specially designed iodine tablets are convenient for disinfecting water in field conditions, for example, by drawing water from an old rural well or a spring that is crystal clear at first glance.
Ultraviolet -
Water treatment with ultraviolet rays is recognized as one of the most effective ways of water purification. The technology of water disinfection using ultraviolet light consists in the passage of special photochemical reactions, as a result of which the cells of microorganisms in the water are seriously damaged and the bacteria die.
Reverse osmosis -
Purification by reverse osmosis provides hundreds of thousands of tons of drinking water per day around the world. On the basis of reverse osmosis systems, household (modern) filters for water purification are produced, which are one of the most efficient and reliable water treatment plants. The main cleaning element of these systems is a semi-permeable membrane that can only pass water molecules through itself, but at the same time prevents the penetration of substances with larger molecules (heavy metal salts, impurities, rust). So, reverse osmosis provides a much higher degree of purification than most traditional filtration methods. The reverse osmosis membrane is capable of removing organic matter from water. The large size of viruses and bacteria also virtually eliminates the possibility of their penetration through the membrane.
Importance of water in human life.
Water is one of the most common chemical compounds on Earth. It covers about 4/5 of the earth's surface. Water not only plays a primary role in everyday life and industry, but is also extremely important for sustaining life in general. None of the living creatures on Earth can live without water. If you can live up to 50 days without food, then no more than 5 days without water. Approximately 2/3 of the human body consists of water.
The role of water in everyday life
Man deals with water every day throughout life. He uses it for drinking and cooking, washing, bathing and more.
The most familiar and most incredible substance on Earth is water. The importance of water cannot be overestimated in the life of all life on the planet, it is present in every moment of our existence. How did it originate, how did it get to our planet? Probably, no one will be able to answer this question, but everyone knows that the importance of water in nature and human life is unimaginably great. The unique properties of water to shrink when heated and expand when frozen is another reason to be surprised. No other substance has similar properties. Having no nutritional value in the usual sense, water is the main component of any living organism, including humans. Nobody can exist without water. Two-thirds of any organism is water. The value of water is extremely important for the proper functioning of all systems and organs. Throughout life, a person daily comes into contact with water, using it for drinking and food, hygiene procedures, relaxation and heating. Do not allow dehydration of the body. Just like humans, every plant needs water. The plant, receiving water, mainly from the soil with the help of roots, supplies it to the ground parts of the plant, where the leaves evaporate it.
How to reduce water consumption? The thoughtless waste of irreplaceable natural resources leads to the fact that water as a resource begins to deplete.
A partial solution to the problem of water scarcity in many countries can be helped by reducing human consumption. Despite the fact that there is a huge amount of water resources on the territory of Russia, we, its inhabitants, should also think about the conscious saving of water, which we consume daily at home.
Simple effective ways to save daily water consumption:
Get your plumbing in order.
Install a dishwasher.
Wash in the shower, not in the bath.
Turn off the faucet while brushing your teeth.
Try to use medium pressure water (pencil-thick) more often for brushing your teeth, washing fruits and vegetables, and doing laundry.
Do not wash dishes under running water. Fill the sink, close the drain, soak the dishes for a while and then wash them.
Install more economical thermostatic or single handle mixers. Install economical double flush cisterns.
Wash clothes with the drum of the washing machine fully loaded, but at the same time do not overload it.
Don't wash your car every day. Use a car wash that uses significantly less water per car than a hand wash.
Proverbs and riddles on the topic
"Water"
Riddles
Falling from a great height,
Terrible he roars
And, breaking on the stones,
Gets up with foam. (Waterfall)
* * *
Everyone bypasses this place:
Here the earth is like dough,
There are sedges, hummocks, mosses…
No leg support. (Swamp)
* * *
He has no arms, he has no legs
I was able to break out of the ground
He us in the summer, in the heat,
Ice drink water. (Spring)
* * *
In the morning the beads sparkled,
All the grass was tangled up,
And let's go look for them during the day,
We are looking, we are looking - we will not find. (Dew)
* * *
If our hands are in wax, If there are blots on our noses, Who then is our first friend, Will remove the dirt from our faces and hands? For the ears of bread to grow, For the ships to sail - We cannot live without ... (Water)
Proverbs about water
You gape - you sip water
Do not carry water in a sieve
In still water the pools are deep
Better bread and water than a pie with trouble
Water will find a way
Boil water - water will be
A rolling stone gathers no moss
Pour full - live richly
Bread with salt, and water with a goal
Like a stranded cancer, like a fish out of water
Expensive in case of fire a bucket of water, in case of poverty - alms
Much water has flown under the bridge since that time
The ox is called to visit not to drink honey - to carry water
That's why the pike in the sea, so that the crucian does not doze
Water was important on the father, but don’t go to the son with a collar
From the heat and the water boils
Where the water is blocked, then it will find a move
Where the river went, there will be a channel
Conclusion
Without clean fresh water, humanity cannot exist, there will be no industry and agriculture. Water is not only a drink and raw material, but also energy.
Everyday using water, we are so accustomed to it and consider it so commonplace that the word "water" began to be used as a synonym for interesting and well-known. Water is a true miracle of nature! What kind of water enters the apartment through the city water supply, worries every resident of our city. We must take care of the quality of the water we consume.
How does water get into our house?
Where and how does water get into our house?
The path of water begins from the river, far from the city. With the help of pumps, water is pumped into special containers in which water is purified. After all, bleach is added to the water to kill all viruses, bacteria and microbes. From the water distribution station, water is pumped through pipes to houses and apartments And we have water coming out of the tap.
Tap water quality
Of course, you can drink tap water, but it’s hardly necessary! The water contains a lot of reagents. Unfortunately, direct tap water can only be used for domestic needs (bathing, washing, washing dishes ...) And for drinking it is better to use water passed through filter!
Water purification
There are a lot of bacteria and viruses in the water, so drinking tap water is not advisable! Water contains a lot of calcium and magnesium salts - which makes it hard. And water hardness harms not only the human body, but also household appliances. There are many ways to purify water at home. conditions, the simplest is: boiling and installing filters (filter is one of the best options)
Importance of water in human life
Not a single living being on Earth can live without water!!! If you can live up to 50 days without food, then only up to 5 days without water. The human body consists of 2/3 of water. The role of water is very large in human life - We cannot live without water!
How to reduce water consumption?
* Tidy up plumbing
* Wash in the shower, not in the bath
*Turn off the faucet while brushing your teeth
*For washing hands, dishes, etc. Use medium water pressure
Proverbs and riddles about water
In the morning, the beads sparkled, They wove all the grass with themselves,
And let's go look for them during the day, We are looking, we are looking - we will not find
(DEW)
* They don’t carry water in a sieve * Water will always find a way * You gape - you swallow water
Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution
secondary school No. 5
g.o. Railway of the Moscow region
City scientific and practical
student conference
"Potential - 2012"
Project theme:
"WATER IS THE SOURCE OF LIFE"
Project Manager:
Mytnik Svetlana Grigorievna
primary school teacher
MAOU secondary school №5
Project participants
4th grade students
MAOU secondary school No. 5:
Pelkina Maria
Poghosyan Leah
Skorobogatov Eduard
Railway 2012 Content
I . Introduction 3
II . Water is life 4
III . Practical work 5
3. 1. First experience
3. 2. Second experience
3. 3. Third experience
IV . Conclusion 8
References………………………………………………………..9
Application …………………………………………………………...….10
Introduction
Subject project: "Water is the source of life"
Target project: reveal the role of water in the life of plants and find out how long a plant can be without water.
Tasks project:
Determine the need for water in different plant species.
Set up an experiment to determine the need for watering plants.
Make observations and draw conclusions.
Summarize the results.
Research methods:
observation; analysis; generalization.
Members : students 4 - D class consisting of 3 people.
Getting started on the project: March 2012, the study was conducted from March 14 to April 13Stages of work on the project
Stage 1. Preparatory stage.
Conducting an introductory conversation in order to generate interest in this topic.
Stage 2. Organization of project work
1. Choice of topic and goals of the project
2. Determining the number of project participants.
3. Collection and study of literature on the benefits of water, using research methods:
think for yourself;
look at books
ask adults;
turn to the computer;
4.Practical work on the study of the importance of water for plant life.
Stage 3. Presentation of the finished product (presentation)
Stage 4. Summarizing. Project analysis. Future plans.
Water is life
Water is the source of life. Man has long paid great attention to water, because it was well known that where there is no water, there is no life. In dry soil, grain can lie for many years and will germinate only in the presence of moisture. Water is the most common substance on Earth: three-quarters of the planet's surface is covered by seas, oceans, rivers, and glaciers.
Water cannot be replaced by anything - this is what distinguishes it from almost all other types of raw materials and fuels. Water can only be replaced by water itself!
There is no life without water. One book says beautifully that water is the blood of the earth. The wounded are often threatened with death from loss of blood, but death occurs when the blood loses its ability to perform its main functions. These words can also be applied to water. Water is scarce where it is used intensively or where it has become “sick” and unfit for consumption.
Water is an essential factor determining the vital activity of plants. Of 1000 g of water absorbed by the plant, about 990 g evaporates and 10 g is retained in the plant. The body of plants is 50-98% water. All physiological processes proceed with the participation of water, therefore it is one of the most significant environmental factors affecting the growth and development of a plant organism.
Water for indoor plants is no less important than light and heat. The development and flowering of plants depends on skillful and timely watering, as well as on spraying.
We are students of grade 4 D of the MAOU secondary school No. 5 of the city of Zheleznodorozhny conducted experiments demonstrating the importance of water for different types of plants.
3.1. Experience first.
Purpose of experience: reveal the role of water in the life of chlorophytum.
Training: took a flower, watered and loosened the soil. I studied the state of the flower: color saturation and freshness of the leaves.
The course of the experiment:
the date
Findings: according to the results of the experiment, I found out that chlorophytum is an unpretentious plant and can be without water for a long time.
3.2. Second experience.
Purpose of experience: reveal the influence of water on the growth and development of violets.
Training: chose a healthy flower, watered and loosened the soil, studied the special literature. I got acquainted with the state of the flower: color saturation and freshness of the leaves, the formation of the rosette.
The course of the experiment:
the date
Conclusion: during the observation, I found out that violets need moderate regular watering for good growth and development.
3.3. The third experience.
Purpose of experience: find out the importance of water for the growth and development of nightshade.
Training: took a flower, watered and loosened the soil. Examined the condition of the leaves and stem.
The course of the experiment:
the date
Findings: observing the plant, I found out that the nightshade needs regular spraying and watering. Overdrying the soil is unacceptable for this plant.
Conclusion
Water is vital for plants.The role of water in plant life, undoubtedly very large. It is water that is the main source of plant nutrition and takes an active part in all vital metabolic processes. Some plants need a lot of water to live, while others need a small amount - this must be taken into account when watering a plant for its normal growth and development.
Indoor plants do not like loneliness. It will be very difficult for them if a caring heart is not felt next to them. Give them your care, well, they will not remain in debt!
Bibliography:
1. Encyclopedia for children. Biology.- M.: Avanta +, 2001
2. Dr. D. G. Hession. All about indoor plants. - M .: Kladez - Buks, 2000
3. Halina Heitz. In the world of flowers. - Vilnius: CJSC "Gamta", 1997
4.ru.wikipedia.org
5. www.rosmed.ru
6. www.sapfira.ru
7. hraniteli.jimdo.com
8. www.treeland.ru/article/home/
9.medicine.astrostar.ru/travi/
10. www.wild-mistress.ru
http://festival.1september.ru/articles/512513/ http://www.veresk.chel.ru/alko/ivin2.htm http://900igr.net/prezentatsii/biologija/Alkogol/Vlijanie-alkogolja-na -rastenija.html
Appendix
No plant can survive without water. The roots of wheat and rye in search of water go deep into the earth up to one and a half meters. In trees at 10-12 meters. And the inhabitant of the desert camel thorn - up to 20 meters.
But indoor plants can not produce water in the right amount. Their life depends on the person. When caring for flowers in class, we thought about why some plants need a lot of moisture, while others need a little.
Having set a goal: to reveal the role of water in the life of plants and find out how long a plant can be without water. We chose three plants, filled out observation diaries, studied the necessary literature, and set to work.
I chose chlorophytum, studied its condition, watered and loosened the soil. For 3 weeks I observed and made entries in my diary, on the sixth day I noted that the soil was dry, and on the ninth day a white coating appeared. Despite this state of the flower, it does not change, only on the 29th day the leaves became pale green. On April 10, I start watering the plant. I summed up the results of the observation on April 13. As a result of experience, I found out that chlorophytum is an unpretentious plant and can be without water for a long time.
For my observation, I took a violet, got acquainted with the state of the flower and set to work. I recorded all observations in my observation diary. On the sixth day of observation, the soil was dry and loose, then a white coating appeared on it and it cracked. On the 10th day, the leaves began to wrap. After 16 days, the leaves withered, and yellowness appeared. On March 30, I start watering. The flower came back to life, I noticed the appearance of a young rosette. According to the results of the study, I noted for myself that violets need moderate regular watering for good growth and development.
My choice was nightshade. I made sure that the flower is healthy, watered and sprayed it. On the 3rd day, the soil had already dried out, then a white coating appeared on it, several leaves turned yellow and fell off. After two weeks of observation, the leaves withered. On March 28, I start watering and spraying the plant. On April 2, I noticed that the leaves turned green and a flower blossomed. I saved the plant. During the observation, I noted that the nightshade needs constant spraying and watering. Overdrying the soil is unacceptable for this plant.
As a result of the experiment, we realized that some plants need a lot of water to live, while others need a small amount.
Indoor plants do not like loneliness. It will be very difficult for them if a caring heart is not felt next to them.
Give them your care, well, they will not remain in debt!
Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution
secondary school No. 5
g.o. Railway of the Moscow region
City scientific and practical
student conference
"Potential - 2012"
Project theme:
"WATER IS THE SOURCE OF LIFE"
Project Manager:
Mytnik Svetlana Grigorievna
primary school teacher
MAOU secondary school №5
Project participants
4th grade students
MAOU secondary school No. 5:
Pelkina Maria
Poghosyan Leah
Skorobogatov Eduard
Railway 2012 Content
I. Introduction 3
II. Water is life 4
III. Practical work 5
3. 1. First experience
3. 2. Second experience
3. 3. Third experience
IV. Conclusion 8
References………………………………………………………..9
Appendix ……………………………………………………………….10
Introduction
Subject project: "Water is the source of life"
Target project: reveal the role of water in the life of plants and find out how long a plant can be without water.
Tasks project:
Determine the need for water in different plant species.
Set up an experiment to determine the need for watering plants.
Make observations and draw conclusions.
Summarize the results.
Research methods:
observation; analysis; generalization.
Members : students 4 - D class consisting of 3 people.
Getting started on the project: March 2012, the study was conducted from March 14 to April 13
Stages of work on the project
Stage 1. Preparatory stage.
Conducting an introductory conversation in order to generate interest in this topic.
Stage 2. Organization of project work
1. Choice of topic and goals of the project
2. Determining the number of project participants.
3. Collection and study of literature on the benefits of water, using research methods:
think for yourself;
look at books
ask adults;
turn to the computer;
4.Practical work on the study of the importance of water for plant life.
Stage 3. Presentation of the finished product (presentation)
Stage 4. Summarizing. Project analysis. Future plans.
Water is life
Water is the source of life. Man has long paid great attention to water, because it was well known that where there is no water, there is no life. In dry soil, grain can lie for many years and will germinate only in the presence of moisture. Water is the most common substance on Earth: three-quarters of the planet's surface is covered by seas, oceans, rivers, and glaciers.
Water cannot be replaced by anything - this is what distinguishes it from almost all other types of raw materials and fuels. Water can only be replaced by water itself!
There is no life without water. One book says beautifully that water is the blood of the earth. The wounded are often threatened with death from loss of blood, but death occurs when the blood loses its ability to perform its main functions. These words can also be applied to water. Water is scarce where it is used intensively or where it has become “sick” and unfit for consumption.
Water is an essential factor determining the vital activity of plants. Of 1000 g of water absorbed by the plant, about 990 g evaporates and 10 g is retained in the plant. The body of plants is 50-98% water. All physiological processes proceed with the participation of water, therefore it is one of the most significant environmental factors affecting the growth and development of a plant organism.
Water for indoor plants is no less important than light and heat. The development and flowering of plants depends on skillful and timely watering, as well as on spraying.
We are students of grade 4 D of the MAOU secondary school No. 5 of the city of Zheleznodorozhny conducted experiments demonstrating the importance of water for different types of plants.
3.1. Experience first.
Purpose of experience: reveal the role of water in the life of chlorophytum.
Training: took a flower, watered and loosened the soil. I studied the state of the flower: color saturation and freshness of the leaves.
The course of the experiment:
Student activities | Student Observations | ||
the soil | plant |
||
14.03.12 | Watered and loosened the soil | The soil is wet | Leaves bright green |
16.03.12 | Dried up | No changes |
|
19.03.12 | Dry, crumbly | Without changes |
|
22.03.12 | The soil is dry, a white coating has appeared | No changes |
|
26.03.12 | The soil is covered with crust | Without changes |
|
28.03.12 | The soil is dry, covered | No changes |
|
02.04.12 | The soil is dry | Without changes |
|
06.04.12 | No changes |
||
10.04.12 | The soil is dry | Leaves are pale green |
|
12.04.12 | Sprayed and watered the flower | The soil is wet | Without changes |
13.04.12 | Sprayed a flower | Leaves bright green |
|
Experiment completed |
|||
Findings: according to the results of the experiment, I found out that chlorophytum is an unpretentious plant and can be without water for a long time.
3.2. Second experience.
Purpose of experience: reveal the influence of water on the growth and development of violets.
Training: chose a healthy flower, watered and loosened the soil, studied the special literature. I got acquainted with the state of the flower: color saturation and freshness of the leaves, the formation of the rosette.
The course of the experiment:
Student activities | Student Observations | ||
the soil | plant |
||
14.03.12 | The earth loosened and watered the flower | The soil is wet | Leaves are green |
16.03.12 | The soil started to dry up | Without changes |
|
19.03.12 | The soil is dry, loose | Without changes |
|
22.03.12 | The soil cracked, a white coating appeared | One leaf turned |
|
26.03.12 | A crust appeared on the soil | A few more leaves rolled up |
|
30.03.12 | The soil is dry | Leaves withered, yellowness appeared |
|
02.04.12 | I water the plant so that water does not get on the leaves. | The soil is wet | The leaves have turned green |
06.04.12 | Watering the plant | The soil is moist, loose | The leaves are bright green |
09.04.12 | The soil is wet | fresh leaves |
|
11.04.12 | Watering the plant | The soil is wet | There is a new outlet |
Experiment completed |
|||
Conclusion: during the observation, I found out that violets need moderate regular watering for good growth and development.
3.3. The third experience.
Purpose of experience: find out the importance of water for the growth and development of nightshade.
Training: took a flower, watered and loosened the soil. Examined the condition of the leaves and stem.
The course of the experiment:
Student activities | Student Observations | ||
the soil | plant |
||
14.03.12 | Loosened and watered the plant | The soil is quite moist | Leaves bright green |
16.03.12 | The soil is dry | No changes |
|
19.03.12 | The soil is cracked | Leaves are pale green |
|
22.03.12 | A white coating appeared on the soil | Leaves turned yellow |
|
26.03.12 | The earth was covered with a crust | A few leaves turned yellow and fell off |
|
28.03.12 | The soil is dry, crumbly | Leaves withered, pale with yellowness |
|
30.03.12 | Watered and sprayed the plant | The soil is wet | Leaves are still a little limp |
02.04.12 | Watered and sprayed the plant | The soil is wet | The leaves turned green, the flower blossomed |
04.04.12 | Watered and sprayed the flower | The soil is wet | The leaves are green, new shoots have appeared |
Experiment completed |
|||
Findings: observing the plant, I found out that the nightshade needs regular spraying and watering. Overdrying the soil is unacceptable for this plant.
Conclusion
Water is vital for plants.The role of water in plant life, undoubtedly very large. It is water that is the main source of plant nutrition and takes an active part in all vital metabolic processes. Some plants need a lot of water to live, while others need a small amount - this must be taken into account when watering a plant for its normal growth and development.
Indoor plants do not like loneliness. It will be very difficult for them if a caring heart is not felt next to them. Give them your care, well, they will not remain in debt!
Bibliography:
1. Encyclopedia for children. Biology.- M.: Avanta +, 2001
2. Dr. D. G. Hession. All about indoor plants. - M .: Kladez - Buks, 2000
3. Halina Heitz. In the world of flowers. - Vilnius: CJSC "Gamta", 1997
4.ru.wikipedia.org
5. www.rosmed.ru
6. www.sapfira.ru
7. hraniteli.jimdo.com
8. www.treeland.ru/article/home/
9.medicine.astrostar.ru/travi/
10. www.wild-mistress.ru
http://festival.1september.ru/articles/512513/http://www.veresk.chel.ru/alko/ivin2.htmhttp://900igr.net/prezentatsii/biologija/Alkogol/Vlijanie-alkogolja-na-rastenija.html
Appendix
Municipal educational institution
Secondary school No. 21
Environmental project
"Clean water is a living planet"
Borisova Victoria 3rd grade
Borisov Sergey 3rd grade
Dyakova Ekaterina 3rd grade
Nikolaev Vladimir 3rd class
Project Manager:
Tveritina Svetlana Nikolaevna
MOU secondary school №21
Consultant:
Implementation timeline:
03.03.2014-17.03.2014
Volgodonsk
2014
Page
1. Introduction 2
2. Importance of water on Earth 3-4
3. Causes of water pollution 5-6
4.Experimental and experimental work on environmental 7
The economic problem of water pollution
5. Rules for caring for water 8
6. Conclusion 9
7.List of sources 9
1. Introduction
If you make a list of things necessary for life, then water, of course, will lead it. Without it, none of the known forms of life is completely impossible. The human body is approximately 75% water. It is water that the planet owes the emergence and development of life, then, if it were not for it, there would be no us. Many people think that since there is more water on earth than land, there is no need to save it. However, we are not talking about the water of the seas and oceans, but about fresh water, the reserves of which on the planet are not so great. If you imagine the world ocean as a pool, then there will be only a tablespoon of natural fresh water in it. From this tablespoon, there is very little water suitable for drinking. Every year, fresh water reserves on earth are depleted, and human activity is to blame. When working on the project, we considered several questions: What is the importance of water for living organisms. Is the planet facing a water shortage? In which countries does it already exist and how are things in Russia? Why is water polluted? What is the state of water in our city?
And, finally, how to protect and save the greatest wealth of nature - water.
Objective of the project:
- Raising respect for fresh water.
- Ability to be economical
Tasks :
- Learn about fresh water resources.
- Find out where we are losing water.
- Determine how to eliminate water loss.
Hypothesis : if every person saves water, then we will lose less fresh water.
Object of study: fresh water.
Subject of study: how to save fresh water.
Action plan :
1. Search for information about water in the library, on the Internet, conduct a survey of friends and relatives.
2. Discuss the problem of water pollution.
3. Systematize the data obtained and draw conclusions.
4. Prepare a presentation.
5. Protect your project.
2. The importance of water on Earth
What is water? Mineral - colorless
Odorless, shapeless, but you look around -
This is the main sacrament, the main miracle of the Planet,
This is the main source from which Life has flowed.
Without water on the planet, something living is unthinkable.
And water is omnipresent - both in the bowels and above the ground,
And the planet Earth, in the Universe the grain is blue,
It would be much more accurate to call it not Earth, but Water.
Oceans and rivers, lakes and eternal ice floes,
The sap of trees and herbs, the blood of living animals and people -
This is only water, this is the very core of Life,
This is the plasma of the Planet, and maybe the entire Galaxy.
We do not appreciate it, we are like children playing with a toy,
With this main treasure, the mystery of Life, water,
Pollute it, poison it, kill it...
Well, what if sometime the game turns into a disaster?
In the lessons of the world around us, we learned that
97% of the water on the planet is the salty waters of the seas and oceans.
- 3% (that is, 39,500 cubic km) are suitable for humans. Where there is life, there is always water.
- Life without water is impossible.
- Water is a source of energy.
- Water carries heat.
- Water is a good solvent.
- A huge number of chemical processes take place in water.
As well as:
Most of us know about water only that without it "neither here nor there." But she hides a lot of mystery, and many of her properties have not been studied so far.
How many states does water have?
From the school curriculum, we know that water is a liquid substance, which, depending on temperature, can be solid and gaseous. In fact, it does not have three states, but much more: five - when it is a liquid, 14 - at sub-zero temperatures. And if the water is supersaturated with methane, it can even catch fire.
Does all water freeze at temperatures below zero?
Not everyone. Very pure water, free of impurities, just below zero temperature will not be enough - it will still remain liquid. But it also has its own freezing threshold: it's just lower than that of ordinary water.
Which country has the cleanest water?
Of course, I would like to remember our water resources, and first of all, Lake Baikal. But, alas, one lake will not make the weather, and for clean water it is better to go to our neighbors - to Finland. It is this country, according to a UNESCO study, ranked first among 122 countries in the world.
Which water will turn into ice faster - cold or hot?
Oddly enough, the second, although before freezing, it needs to cool completely. This property of water is ranked among the amazing facts: why this happens, scientists have not yet explained.
And what happens if you "supercool" the water?
Freezing the water to -120°, scientists were surprised to find that it became viscous. Still some 15 ° below zero - and something like glass turned out.
Talking to our school nurse, we learned that water kills
It is the “water” way that the most dangerous diseases for humans spread. Today, up to 2/3 of infections are transmitted in this way. According to statistics, about 25 million inhabitants of the planet die every year after drinking contaminated water.
But without it there is no life!
All life on our planet contains water and will die if it is deprived of it. Animals are 75% water, potatoes are 76% water, and watermelon is 96% water. The human body contains about 70% water, but this figure varies with age. In the body of a newborn, it is more than 85%, in the body of an old man - about 50%. It turns out that with aging we lose water. And in our lifetime we manage to drink about 35 tons of water!
Water nutritionist
"To sit on bread and water" means to starve, but not from a good life. But overweight people can really "sit down on one water", excluding other drinks from the diet, and significantly lose weight. According to nutritionists, this is one of the most effective ways to lose weight.
Water-cardiologist
Drinking enough water a day - at least six glasses - greatly reduces the risk of heart attacks.
3. Causes of water pollution
A third of the world's population is experiencing an acute shortage of water. The limited supply of fresh water is further reduced due to pollution.
In recent centuries, in addition to natural pollution of natural sources with soil particles, rocks, mineral salts, the problem of industrial and agricultural water pollution has arisen.
We learned from the Internet and magazines thatthen scientists calculated that every year so many harmful substances get into water bodies around the world that 10,000 freight cars on trains could be filled with them. Even in the clear waters of the Arctic, traces of washing powder were found. In the rivers Danube, Rhine, Volga, you can’t swim at all. Microorganisms that are very harmful to human and animal health have appeared in Siberian rivers from the sunken forest. Lake Baikal is losing its ability to clean itself. There are so many mineral fertilizers in the Amur River that children become covered with a rash after bathing. Even in the body of fish there are changes, fish are born with two tails.
About 80% of all diseases in developing countries are associated with lack of clean water.
Our country is perhaps the most water-provided: on average, the provision of water to the population is 400 liters per person (of which 250 liters are drinking per day).
At the lessons of the “Young Patriot” circle, we got acquainted with how our ancestors treated water. And we could learn a lot from our ancestors. People valued water, called it the blood of the Earth. The Russian people have created a huge number of proverbs about water. Here are some of them: “The waters of heaven water the earth”, “Water is the master of everything, water and fire are afraid”, “And still water washes steep banks”, “Always expect a dashing misfortune from big water”. Listen to the words of the same root - Motherland, dear, dear ... What is a spring? It is a small jet of water coming out of the ground. Mother earth itself gives people freshness, vigor, health. After all, the water in the springs is always clean, refreshingly cold and healthy. In Russia, spring water was protected, wells were built for springs, and often cleaned. And a passer-by could always drink ice-cold water from a ladle left at the spring. The water in the springs is very cold, but, people say, even if you douse it in the cold in winter, you won’t get sick, on the contrary, you will increase strength and health. Now many springs are gone,
Our hometown, Volgodonsk, is located on the border of the Don and the huge Tsimlyansk reservoir in the east of the Rostov region.The Tsimlyansk reservoir, created in 1952, is today the only source of household and drinking water supply for 169,000 citizens. The reservoir is over 60 years old.
Its problems are siltation, algal blooms during the warm period, water pollution, the observed decrease in water and fish stocks, etc.Today, the main source of pollution of the part of the Tsimlyansk reservoir closest to Volgodonsk is the city itself, our effluents, which enter the sea without any treatment.The sites of stormwater discharges into the Tsimlyansk reservoir (Sukho-Solenovskaya gully, the area of the mall) are the most polluted area of the sea. Citizens remember the emergency situation in the fall of 2009, when the water supply in Volgodonsk “dry” for two days: the accumulation of blue-green algae at the water intake site did not allow water to be supplied to Volgodonsk. The problem of reliable supply of the city with drinking water is one of the main problems in our city. But only the care of the state is not enough, it is also necessary for us to conserve water. Water is life. The poet V. Mayakovsky in one of his poems addressed people like this: “Hey, townspeople, take care of the water! Take good care of your plumbing!” Think! When water leaks from a faucet, a bucket flows out in 10 minutes. How many buckets of water will leak in 1 hour? For 1 day? If water flows in a stream the size of a match, then 40 buckets will leak in a day, and 10 liters in a bucket. Water does not get into the tap right away: those droplets with which we wash our hands have come a long way. First, from the reservoir it goes to the pipes, where, after cleaning, it gets to us. In order for clean water to run from our tap, many people had to work hard: some made pipes at the factory, others helped the water get into the pipes, i.e. built a water pipe, the third cleared the water, the fourth repair taps.
The clouds in the sky thickened,
And then they opened
Drops from the sky flowed -
We got streams.
The streams run into the river
“Here we will flow with a wave!”
The river overflowed
flooding the shores,
So that the river does not boil,
And it didn't flood the house.
This is our water supply
He took water from the river.
Vodicka travels,
To wash our face
So that we can drink.
Used for food.
We're nowhere without water
That's why I know
How does she walk through the pipes
She enters every house
Just turn on your faucet
A stream of water will run
And sometimes it seems to us that the water itself flows from the tap and there is a lot of it, you can not save, let it pour for yourself! But we now know that water flows into the faucet from the river, and if all people leave the faucets open, what can happen? Many people use water unwisely: We brush our teeth, the faucet is open, and water flows into the sewer. Close the faucet tightly, and the water slowly drips. Heading to the dining room, I wash my hands, turning the faucet all the way. How many liters will flow out per day? By observing a faucet that is not tightly closed, we found that
4. Conducted a study on water use
Before you start doing research, you need to rewrite the readings of apartment water meters. Meter readings: cold water - 108.253 cubic meters, hot water - 61.121 cubic meters.
Save water by turning off the water while brushing your teeth.
Let's find out how much water can be saved if you turn off the water while brushing your teeth (2 times a day for 2 minutes).
We brush our teeth for 2 minutes without turning off the water, and check the meter readings.
Steel cold water meter readings: 108,265
(increased by 12 liters), hot: 61.131 (increased by 10 liters). Conclusion : the change in the readings of both counters in total indicates that if we turned off the water while brushing our teeth,that could save 22 liters. If we take into account that a person brushes his teeth 2 times a day, it means that in one dayit wastes 44 liters of water. If we calculate the consumption of wasted water by a family of three, we get: 44 * 3 = 132 liters (!). Let's calculate how much water can be saved by students of one class (30 people): 44 * 30 = 1320 liters . And now let's see how much water can be saved by students of one school (1 thousand people):44 * 1000 = 44000 liters.This is in one day. For a month, 1 person saves: 44 * 30 = 1320 liters , a family of three: 1320 * 3 = 3960 liters , students of the same class: 1320 * 30 = 39600 liters, students of the same school:1320 * 1000 = 1320000 liters. In a year, one person will save: 44 * 365 = 16060 liters, a family from three people: 16060 * 3 = 48180 , students of the same class will save: 16060 * 30 = 481800 liters , students of the same school:16060 * 1000 = 16060000 liters. The results of the study will be placed in the table
Save water by turning off the water while brushing your teeth
1 person | Family of 3 | Pupils of one class (30 people) | Students of one school (1 thousand people) |
||||
Water saving per 1 day (l) | |||||||
1320 | 44000 |
||||||
Water savings in 1 month, (l) | |||||||
1320 | 3960 | 39600 | 1320000 | ||||
Water savings in 1 year | |||||||
16060 | 48180 | 481800 | 16060000 |
findings
Water must be saved! First of all, this will be reflected in the reduction of payment for water for each family. On a national scale, the savings will make it possible to receive billions of rubles. In the world, a large number of people experience a lack of drinking water, and even more so a lack of water for household needs.
Interesting Facts
- If a family saves at least 20% of tap water from the volume that it uses, then in a year this amount can form a lake with a diameter of 200 meters and a depth of 2 meters.
- By choosing certain products, you can also save water.
- It turns out that it takes 650 liters of water to grow 500 grams of barley.
- Vegetarians also save water. Raising animals for meat requires a lot of water.
- The price of 70 liters of hot water is the price of one apple, the price of 1000 liters of hot water is the price of 300 grams of cheese, the price of 2700 liters of hot water is the price of a cotton shirt, and the price of 100,000 liters of hot water is the price of a laptop.
5. Rules for careful attitude to water
We are calling!
1. Pay attention to whether water from the tap is flowing in vain
2. Learn to brush your teeth in a way that does not waste water. To do this, leave the faucet open while brushing your teeth and rinsing your mouth. Immediately pour water into a glass and turn off the faucet.
3. If water is flowing due to a malfunction of the tap or column, you must immediately inform an adult.
5. Try not to let food residues dry in plates and pans. It takes a lot of water to wash them off.
6. You can also use elementary ways to reuse. Just place the bowl in the sink under your arms while you wash your vegetables. Then reuse it to water houseplants.
Making these changes to your normal lifestyle will not only save you water bills, but also save our planet's water supply for years to come.
6.Conclusion
Working on the project helped us understand how acute the problem of preserving the planet’s water resources is today, because all life on Earth cannot do without water, and there are very few fresh water reserves that we need so much for life.
In the process of work, we expanded our knowledge about water, got acquainted with the causes of water pollution, and drew conclusions about the need for careful and economical treatment of water.
The work helped us understand that saving water means saving life, health, and the beauty of the world around us.
7.List of sources
Big encyclopedia.
Cyril and Methodius, 2008
Elementary School. Student's handbook. M.: 1996
Pleshakov A. A., Kryuchkova E. A. The world around us.
Chizhevsky A.E. I know the world. Children's
encyclopedia.Ecology. M.: 1997
Wagner Yu. Science for everyone. Amazing stories about
Nature. – M.: AST: Astrel, 2002.
RIA News http://ria.ru/documents/20100322/215718166.html#ixzz2vOsuV2MP
The meaning of water among the Slavs: rodobozhie.uco z.ru.
