Countries with low population density. The population of the earth

There are cities in the world with a large population. And nothing else if the city occupies a large territory, and the population density in it is small. And if the city has very little land? It happens after all, that the country is small, but around the city there are rocks and the sea? So the city has to build up. At the same time, the population per square kilometer is growing rapidly. The city goes from simple to densely populated. We immediately note that it is population density that is taken into account here, while there are other ratings, where megacities are located by area, number of inhabitants, number of skyscrapers, as well as many other parameters. You can find most of these ratings on LifeGlobe. We will go directly to our list. So what are the biggest cities in the world?

Top 10 most populous cities in the world.

1. Shanghai

Shanghai is the largest city in China and one of the largest cities in the world, located in the Yangtze River Delta. One of the four cities of the central subordination of the PRC, an important financial and cultural center of the country, as well as the world's largest seaport. By the beginning of the XX century. Shanghai has evolved from a small fishing town to China's most important city and the world's third financial center after London and New York. In addition, the city became the focus of popular culture, vice, intellectual disputes and political intrigue in Republican China. Shanghai is the financial and commercial center of China. Market reforms in Shanghai began in 1992, a decade later than in the southern provinces. Prior to this, most of the city's income went irrevocably to Beijing. Even after the tax relief in 1992, tax revenue from Shanghai accounted for 20-25% of revenue from all of China (before the 1990s, this figure was about 70%). Today, Shanghai is the largest and most developed city in mainland China. In 2005, Shanghai became the world's largest port in terms of cargo turnover (443 million tons of cargo).

According to the 2000 census, the population of the whole of Shanghai (including the non-urban area) is 16.738 million, this figure also includes temporary residents in Shanghai, whose number is 3.871 million. Since the last census in 1990, the population of Shanghai has increased by 3.396 million or 25.5%. Men make up 51.4% of the city's population, women - 48.6%. Children under 14 years old make up 12.2% of the population, the age group 15-64 years old - 76.3%, the elderly over 65 - 11.5%. 5.4% of Shanghai's population is illiterate. In 2003, there were 13.42 million officially registered residents in Shanghai, and more than 5 million people. live and work informally in Shanghai, of which about 4 million are seasonal workers, mainly from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The average life expectancy in 2003 was 79.80 years (men - 77.78 years, women - 81.81 years).

Like many other regions in China, Shanghai is experiencing a construction boom. The modern architecture of Shanghai is distinguished by its unique style - in particular, the upper floors of high-rise buildings, occupied by restaurants, are shaped like flying saucers. Most of the buildings under construction in Shanghai today are high-rise residential buildings, varying in height, color and design. Organizations responsible for urban development planning are now increasingly focusing on the creation of green spaces and parks within residential complexes to improve the quality of life of Shanghainese people, which is in line with the slogan of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai: "Better City - Better Life". Historically, Shanghai was very westernized, and now it is again taking on the role of the main center of communication between China and the West. One example of this is the opening of the information center for the exchange of medical knowledge between Western and Chinese health institutions Pac-Med Medical Exchange. Pudong has houses and streets that are very similar to the business and residential areas of modern American and Western European cities. Nearby are major international shopping and hotel areas. Despite the high population density and large number of visitors, Shanghai is known for a very low crime rate towards foreigners.

As of January 1, 2009, the population of Shanghai is 18,884,600, if the area of this city is 6,340 sq. km, and the population density is 2,683 people per sq. km.

2. Karachi

KARACHI, the largest city, the main economic center and seaport of Pakistan, is located near the Indus River Delta, 100 km from its confluence with the Arabian Sea. The administrative center of the province of Sindh. The population in 2004 is 10.89 million people. It arose at the beginning of the 18th century. on the site of the Baloch fishing village Kalachi. From the end of the 18th century under the rulers of Sind from the Talpur dynasty, it was the main Sindh maritime and trading center on the Arabian coast. In 1839 it became a naval base of Great Britain, in 1843-1847 - the capital of the province of Sindh, and then the main city of the region, which was part of the Bombay Presidency. Since 1936 - the capital of the province of Sindh. In 1947-1959 it was the capital of Pakistan. The favorable geographical position of the city, located in a convenient natural harbor, contributed to its rapid growth and development during the colonial period, and especially after the partition of British India into two independent states in 1947 - India and Pakistan.

The transformation of Karachi into the main political and economic center of the country led to a rapid population growth, mainly due to the influx of immigrants from outside: in 1947-1955. from 350 thousand people up to 1.5 million people. Karachi is the largest city in the country and is one of the largest cities in the world. The main trade, economic and financial center of Pakistan, a seaport (15% of GDP and 25% of tax revenues to the budget). About 49% of the country's industrial production is concentrated in Karachi and its suburbs. Plants: a metallurgical plant (the largest in the country, built with the assistance of the USSR, 1975-85), oil refineries, machine-building, car assembly, ship repair, chemical, cement plants, enterprises of the pharmaceutical, tobacco, textile, food (sugar) industries (concentrated in several industrial zones : CITY - Sind Industrial Trading Estate, Landhi, Malir, Korangi, etc. The largest commercial banks, branches of foreign banks, central offices and branches of insurance companies, stock and cotton exchanges, offices of major trading companies (including foreign ones). International Airport (1992) Port of Karachi (handling over 9 million tons per year) serves up to 90% of the country's maritime trade and is the largest port in South Asia.
The largest cultural and scientific center: university, research institutions, Aga Khan University of Medical Sciences, Hamdard Foundation Center for Oriental Medicine, National Museum of Pakistan, Naval Forces Museum. Zoo (in the former City Gardens, 1870). Mausoleum of Qaid-i Azam M. A. Jinnah (1950s), University of Sindh (founded in 1951, M. Ecoshar), Art Center (1960). from local pink limestone and sandstone. The business center of Karachi - Shara-i-Faisal streets, Jinnah Road and Chandrigar Road with buildings mainly of the 19th-20th centuries: the High Court (early 20th century, neoclassical), the Pearl Continental Hotel (1962), architects W. Tabler and Z. Pathan), State Bank (1961, architects J. L. Ricci and A. Kayum). To the northwest of Jinnah Road is the Old Town with narrow streets, one- and two-story houses. In the south - the fashionable area of Clifton, built up mainly with villas. Buildings of the 19th century are also distinguished. in the Indo-Gothic style - Frere Hall (1865) and Express Market (1889). Saddar, Zamzama, Tarik Road are the main shopping streets of the city, where hundreds of shops and shops are located. A significant number of modern high-rise buildings, luxury hotels (Avari, Marriott, Sheraton) and shopping centers.

In 2009, the population of this city is 18,140,625, the area is 3,530 sq. km, the population density is 5,139 people. per km.sq.

3.Istanbul

One of the main reasons for the transformation of Istanbul into a world metropolis was the geographical position of the city. Istanbul, located at the intersection of 48 degrees north latitude and 28 degrees east longitude, is the only city in the world that is located on two continents. Istanbul lies on 14 hills, each of which has its own name, but now we will not bore you with listing them. The following should be noted - the city consists of three unequal parts, into which it is divided by the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn (a small bay 7 km long). On the European side: a historical peninsula located in the south of the Golden Horn, and in the north of the Golden Horn - the districts of Beyolu, Galata, Taksim, Besiktas, on the Asian side - the "New City". On the European continent there are numerous commercial and service centers, on the Asian - mostly residential areas.

Overall, Istanbul, 150 km long and 50 km wide, has an approximate area of 7,500 km. But no one knows its true borders, it is about to merge with the city of Izmit in the east. With continuous migration from villages (up to 500,000 per year), the population is intensively increasing. Every year, 1,000 new streets appear in the city, and new residential areas are built up in the west-east axis. The population is constantly increasing by 5% per year, i.e. doubles every 12 years. Every 5 resident of Turkey lives in Istanbul. The number of tourists visiting this marvelous city reaches 1.5 million. The population itself is not exactly known to anyone, officially, according to the latest census, 12 million people lived in the city, although now this figure has increased to 15 million, and some argue that 20 million people already live in Istanbul.

Tradition says that the founder of the city in the 7th century BC. there was a Megarian leader Byzant, to whom the Delphic oracle predicted where it would be better to arrange a new settlement. The place really turned out to be very successful - a cape between two seas - the Black and Marble, half in Europe, half in Asia. In the IV century AD. The Roman emperor Constantine chose the settlement of Byzantium to build the new capital of the empire, which was named Constantinople in his honor. After the fall of Rome in 410, Constantinople finally established itself as the undisputed political center of the empire, which from then on was no longer called Roman, but Byzantine. The city reached its highest prosperity under the emperor Justinian. It was the center of fabulous wealth and incredible luxury. In the 9th century, the population of Constantinople numbered about a million people! The main streets had sidewalks and sheds, they were decorated with fountains and columns. It is believed that Venice represents a copy of Constantinople architecture, where bronze horses are installed on the portal of St.
In 2009, the population of this city is 16,767,433, the area is 2,106 sq. km, the population density is 6,521 people. per sq. km

4.Tokyo

Tokyo is the capital of Japan, its administrative, financial, cultural and industrial center. It is located in the southeastern part of the island of Honshu, on the Kanto plain in the bay of the Tokyo Bay of the Pacific Ocean. Area - 2 187 sq. km. Population - 15,570,000 people. The population density is 5,740 people/km2, the highest among the prefectures of Japan.

Officially, Tokyo is not a city, but one of the prefectures, more precisely, the metropolitan area, the only one in this class. Its territory, in addition to part of the island of Honshu, includes several small islands to the south of it, as well as the islands of Izu and Ogasawara. Tokyo District consists of 62 administrative divisions - cities, towns and rural communities. When they say "the city of Tokyo", they usually mean the 23 special districts included in the metropolitan area, which from 1889 to 1943 constituted the administrative unit of the city of Tokyo, and now they themselves are equated in status to cities; each has its own mayor and city council. The metropolitan government is headed by a popularly elected governor. The government headquarters is located in Shinjuku, which is the county's municipal seat. Tokyo is also home to the state government and the Tokyo Imperial Palace (the obsolete name is also used - Tokyo Imperial Castle) - the main residence of the Japanese emperors.

Although the Tokyo area was inhabited by tribes as early as the Stone Age, the city began to play an active role in history relatively recently. In the 12th century, a fort was built here by the local Edo warrior Taro Shigenada. According to tradition, he received the name Edo from his place of residence. In 1457, Ota Dokan, ruler of the Kanto region under the Japanese shogunate, built Edo Castle. In 1590, it was taken over by Ieyasu Tokugawa, the founder of the shogun clan. Thus, Edo became the capital of the shogunate, while Kyoto remained the imperial capital. Ieyasu created long-term management institutions. The city grew rapidly and by the 18th century became one of the largest cities in the world. In 1615, Ieyasu's armies destroyed their opponents - the Toyotomi clan, thereby gaining absolute power for about 250 years. As a result of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the shogunate came to an end, in September, Emperor Mutsuhito moved the capital here, calling it the "Eastern Capital" - Tokyo. This sparked a debate whether Kyoto could still be the capital. In the second half of the 19th century, industry began to develop rapidly, followed by shipbuilding. The Tokyo-Yokohama railway was built in 1872, and the Kobe-Osaka-Tokyo railway in 1877. Until 1869 the city was called Edo. On September 1, 1923, the largest earthquake (7-9 on the Richter scale) occurred in Tokyo and the surrounding area. Almost half of the city was destroyed, a strong fire broke out. About 90,000 people became victims. Although the reconstruction plan turned out to be very expensive, the city began to partially recover. The city was again seriously damaged during World War II. The city was subjected to massive air attacks. More than 100,000 inhabitants were killed in one raid alone. Many wooden buildings burned down, the old Imperial Palace suffered. After the war, Tokyo was occupied by the military, during the Korean War it became a major military center. Several American bases still remain here (Yokota military base, etc.). In the middle of the 20th century, the country's economy began to rapidly revive (which was described as the "Economic Miracle"), in 1966 it became the second largest economy in the world. The revival from war injuries was proved by the hosting of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, where the city showed itself favorably on the international stage. Since the 1970s, Tokyo has been flooded with a wave of labor from rural areas, which led to the further development of the city. By the end of the 1980s, it had become one of the most dynamically developing cities in the world. On March 20, 1995, there was a gas attack on the Tokyo subway using sarin. The attack was carried out by the religious sect Aum Shinrikyo. As a result, more than 5,000 people were injured, 11 of them died. Seismic activity in the Tokyo area has led to discussions about moving Japan's capital to another city. Three candidates have been named: Nasu (300 km north), Higashino (near Nagano, central Japan) and a new city in Mie province, near Nagoya (450 km west of Tokyo). The government's decision has already been received, although no further action is being taken. At present, Tokyo continues to develop. Projects for the creation of artificial islands are being consistently implemented. The most notable project is Odaiba, which is now a major shopping and entertainment center.

5. Mumbai

The history of the emergence of Mumbai - a dynamic modern city, the financial capital of India and the administrative center of the state of Maharashtra - is quite unusual. In 1534, the Sultan of Gujarat ceded a group of seven useless islands to the Portuguese, who, in turn, gave them to the Portuguese princess Catharina of Braganza on her wedding day to King Charles II of England in 1661. In 1668, the British government surrendered the islands leased to the East India Company for 10 pounds of gold a year, and gradually Mumbai grew into a center of trade. In 1853, the first railway line in the subcontinent was laid from Mumbai to Thane, and in 1862, a colossal land management project turned the seven islands into a single whole - Mumbai embarked on the path of becoming the largest metropolis. During its existence, the city changed its name four times, and for those who are not an expert in geography, its former name, Bombay, is more familiar. Mumbai, after the historical name of the area, became known again in 1997. Today it is a lively city with a strong character: the largest industrial and commercial center, it is still actively interested in theater and other arts. Mumbai is also home to India's main film industry, Bollywood.

Mumbai is India's most populous city with a population of 13,922,125 in 2009. Together with satellite cities, it forms the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the world with a population of 21.3 million people. The area occupied by Greater Mumbai is 603.4 square meters. km. The city stretched along the coast of the Arabian Sea for 140 km.

6. Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina, the administrative, cultural and economic center of the country and one of the largest cities in South America.

Buenos Aires is located at a distance of 275 km from the Atlantic Ocean in a well-protected bay of La Plata Bay, on the right bank of the Riachuelo River. The average air temperature in July is +10 degrees, and in January +24. The amount of precipitation in the city is - 987 mm per year. The capital is located in the northeastern part of Argentina, on a flat area, in a subtropical natural zone. The natural vegetation of the surroundings of the city is represented by species of trees and grasses typical of meadow steppes and savannahs. The large Buenos Aires includes 18 suburbs, the total area is 3646 square kilometers.

The population of the Argentine capital proper is 3,050,728 (2009 estimate) people, which is 275 thousand (9.9%) more than it was in 2001 (2,776,138, census). In total, the urban agglomeration, including numerous suburbs immediately adjacent to the capital, is home to 13,356,715 (2009 estimate). Residents of Buenos Aires have a half-joking nickname - porteños (lit. residents of the port). The population of the capital and suburbs is rapidly increasing, including due to the immigration of guest workers from Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and other neighboring countries. The city is very multiethnic, but the main division of communities occurs along class lines, and not along racial lines, as in the United States. The majority of the population are Spaniards and Italians, descendants of both the settlers of the Spanish colonial period 1550-1815 and the larger wave of European immigrants to Argentina in 1880-1940. About 30% are mestizos and representatives of other nationalities, among which communities stand out: Arabs, Jews, British, Armenians, Japanese, Chinese and Koreans, there is also a large number of immigrants from neighboring countries, primarily from Bolivia and Paraguay, recently from Korea , China and Africa. During the colonial period, groups of Indians, mestizos and Negro slaves were noticeable in the city, gradually dissolving into the southern European population, although their cultural and genetic influences are still felt today. Thus, the genes of modern residents of the capital are quite mixed compared to white Europeans: on average, the genes of the inhabitants of the capital are 71.2% European, 23.5% Indian and 5.3% African. At the same time, depending on the quarter, African impurities vary from 3.5% to 7.0%, and Indian from 14.0% to 33%. . The official language in the capital is Spanish. Other languages - Italian, Portuguese, English, German and French - are now practically out of use as mother tongues due to the mass assimilation of immigrants from the second half of the 19th - early 19th century. XX centuries., but are still taught as foreign. During the period of the mass influx of Italians (especially Neapolitans), a mixed Italian-Spanish sociolect lunfardo spread in the city, gradually disappearing, but leaving traces in the local language variant of the Spanish language (See Spanish in Argentina). Among the believing population of the city, the majority are adherents of Catholicism, a small part of the inhabitants of the capital profess Islam and Judaism, but in general, the level of religiosity is extremely low, as the secular-liberal way of life prevails. The city is divided into 47 administrative districts, the division was originally based on reference to Catholic parishes, and remained so until 1940.

7. Dhaka

The name of the city is formed from the name of the Hindu goddess of fertility Durga or from the name of the tropical tree Dhaka, which gives valuable resin. Dhaka is located on the northern bank of the turbulent Buriganda River almost in the center of the country and looks more like the legendary Babylon than the modern capital. Dhaka is a river port in the delta of the Ganges Brahmaputra, as well as a center for water tourism. Despite the fact that travel by water is quite slow, water transport in the country is well developed, safe and widely used. The oldest section of the city, lying north of the coastline, is an ancient trading center for the Mughal Empire. In the Old City there is an unfinished fortress - Fort LaBad, dating from 1678, which houses the mausoleum of Bibi Pari (1684). It is also worth paying attention to more than 700 mosques, including the famous Hussein Dalan, located in the old City. Now the old City is a vast area between the two main water transport terminals, Sadarghat and Badam Tole, where the experience of observing the daily life of the river is especially charming and interesting. Also in the old part of the city there are traditional large oriental bazaars.

The population of the city is 9,724,976 inhabitants (2006), with suburbs - 12,560 thousand people (2005).

8. Manila

Manila is the capital and main city of the Central Region of the Republic of the Philippines, which occupies the Philippine Islands in the Pacific Ocean. In the west, the islands are washed by the South China Sea, in the north they are adjacent to Taiwan through the Bashi Strait. Located on the island of Luzon (the largest in the archipelago), the metropolis of Manila includes, in addition to Manila itself, four more cities and 13 municipalities. The name of the city comes from two Tagalog (local Filipino) words "may" meaning "to be" and "nilad" - the name of the original settlement located on the banks of the Pasig River and the bay. Before the conquest of Manila by the Spaniards in 1570, Muslim tribes lived on the islands, who were intermediaries in the trade of the Chinese with South Asian merchants. After a fierce struggle, the Spaniards occupied the ruins of Manila, which the natives set on fire to escape the invaders. After 20 years, the Spaniards returned and built defensive structures. In 1595, Manila became the capital of the Archipelago. From that time until the 19th century, Manila was the center of trade between the Philippines and Mexico. With the arrival of Europeans, the Chinese were limited in free trade and repeatedly rebelled against the colonists. In 1898, the Americans invaded the Philippines, and after several years of war, the Spaniards ceded their colony to them. Then the American-Philippine war began, which ended in 1935 with the independence of the islands. During the period of US domination, several enterprises of the light and food industries, oil refineries, and the production of building materials were opened in Manila. During World War II, the Philippines was occupied by the Japanese. The state gained its final independence in 1946. Currently, Manila is the main seaport, financial and industrial center of the country. The plants and factories of the capital produce electrical engineering, chemicals, clothes, foodstuffs, tobacco, etc. The city has several low-priced markets and shopping centers that attract visitors from all over the Republic. In recent years, the role of tourism has been growing.

In 2009, the population of this city is 12,285,000.

9 Delhi

Delhi is the capital of India, a city of 13 million people that most travelers cannot miss. A city in which all the classic Indian contrasts are fully manifested - grandiose temples and dirty slums, bright holidays of life and quiet death in the gateways. A city in which it is difficult for a simple Russian person to live for more than two weeks, after which he will begin to quietly go crazy - incessant movement, general fuss, noise and din, an abundance of dirt and poverty will be a good test for you. Like any city with a thousand-year history, Delhi has many interesting places worth visiting. Most of them are located in two districts of the city - Old and New Delhi, between which there is the Pahar Ganj area, where most independent travelers (Main Bazaar) stop. Among the most interesting sights of Delhi include Jama Masjid Mosque, Lodhi Garden, Humayun Tomb, Qutab Minar, Lotus Temple, Lakshmi Narayana Temple ), the military fortresses of Lal Qila and Purana Qila.

For 2009, the population of this city is 11,954,217

10. Moscow

The city of Moscow is a huge metropolis, consisting of nine administrative districts, which include one hundred and twenty administrative districts, on the territory of Moscow there are many parks, gardens, forest parks.

The first written mention of Moscow dates back to 1147. But the settlements on the site of the modern city were much earlier, in a time remote from us, according to some historians, by 5 thousand years. However, all this belongs to the realm of legends and conjectures. No matter how everything happens, but in the XIII century Moscow is the center of an independent principality, and by the end of the XV century. it becomes the capital of the emerging unified Russian state. Since then, Moscow has been one of the largest cities in Europe. For centuries, Moscow has been an outstanding center of all-Russian culture, science, and art.

The largest city in Russia and Europe in terms of population (population as of July 1, 2009 - 10.527 million people), the center of the Moscow urban agglomeration. It is also one of the ten largest cities in the world.

Monaco, a tiny state, has 18,700 inhabitants per square kilometer. By the way, the area of Monaco is only 2 square kilometers. What about the countries with the smallest population density? Well, such statistics are also available, but the figures may vary slightly due to the constant change in the number of inhabitants. However, the countries below end up on this list anyway. Let's watch!

Just don't say you've never heard of such a country! A small state is located on the northeast coast of South America, and this, by the way, is the only English-speaking country on the continent. The area of Guyana is commensurate with the area of Belarus, while 90% of the people live in coastal areas. Almost half of the population of Guyana are Indians, and blacks, Indians and other peoples of the world also live here.

Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km

A state in South Africa, bordering South Africa, is 70% the territory of the harsh Kalahari Desert. The area of Botswana is quite large - the size of Ukraine, but the population there is 22 times less than in this country. The Tswana people live in Botswana for the most part, and other African peoples are represented in small groups, most of which are Christians.

Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km

The state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast is quite large in area, however, the population density is low. 95% of Libya is desert, but cities and towns are distributed relatively uniformly throughout the country. Most of the population are Arabs, in some places there are Berbers and Tuareg, there are small communities of Greeks, Turks, Italians and Maltese.

Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km

The state in the north of the Atlantic Ocean is completely located on a fairly large island of the same name, on which Icelanders, descendants of the Vikings who speak Icelandic, as well as Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and Poles, mostly live. Most of them live in the Reykjavik area. Interestingly, the level of migration in this country is extremely low, despite the fact that many young people leave to study in neighboring countries. After graduation, the majority returns for permanent residence in their beautiful country.

Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km

The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is located in West Africa, washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean in the west, and borders on Senegal, Mali and Algeria. The population density in Mauritania is about the same as in Iceland, but the country's territory is 10 times larger, and the people also live here 10 times more - about 3.2 million people, among whom there are most of the so-called black Berbers, historical slaves, and also white Berbers and blacks who speak African languages.

Suriname, 3 people/sq.km

The Republic of Suriname is located in the northern part of South America. A country the size of Tunisia is home to only 480,000 people, but the population is constantly growing little by little (maybe Suriname will be on this list in 10 years, say). The local population is represented mostly by Indians and Creoles, as well as Javanese, Indians, Chinese and other nations. There is probably no other country where so many languages of the world are spoken!

Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km

Australia is 7.5 times larger than Mauritania and 74 times larger than Iceland. However, this does not prevent Australia from being one of the countries with the lowest population density. Two-thirds of the Australian population lives in 5 major cities on the mainland, located on the coast. Once, until the 18th century, this mainland was inhabited exclusively by Australian Aborigines, Torres Strait Islanders and Tasmanian Aborigines, who were very different from each other even externally, not to mention culture and language. After moving to a distant "island" of immigrants from Europe, mostly from Great Britain and Ireland, the number of inhabitants on the mainland began to grow very rapidly. However, it is unlikely that the deserts scorching with heat, which occupy a decent part of the mainland, will ever be mastered by man, so only the coastal parts will be filled with inhabitants - which is happening now.

Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km

The Republic of Namibia in South West Africa has over 2 million people, but due to the huge problem of HIV/AIDS, the exact numbers fluctuate constantly. Most of the population of Namibia is the people of the Bantu family and a few thousand mestizos who live mainly in the community in Rehoboth. About 6% of the population are whites - the descendants of European colonists, some of whom retain their culture and language, but still, most of them speak Afrikaans.

Mongolia, 2 persons/sq.km

Mongolia is currently the country with the lowest population density in the world. The area of Mongolia is large, but only a little over 3 million people live in the desert territories (although at the moment there is a slight increase in population). 95% of the population are Mongols, Kazakhs are represented to a small extent, as well as Chinese and Russians. It is believed that more than 9 million Mongols live outside the country, mostly in China and Russia.

Man has inhabited almost 90% of the earth's land. They have developed territories that are more or less suitable for life and economic activity.

Population density of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Only the poles and the areas adjacent to them, the most arid areas of deserts, high mountains, and glaciers remained uninhabited.

How are people located on the earth's surface?

The population of the Earth is distributed over its surface very unevenly.

To see this, just look at a map showing the density of the world's population. Population density is the number of inhabitants per 1 km2 of territory. In 2009, the average population density on the surface of the globe developed by people was 50 people.

People are unevenly distributed across the hemispheres of the planet. Most of them live in the Northern (90%) and Eastern (85%) hemispheres. The distribution of the population on individual continents and their parts is different. Even more significant are the differences in the distribution of the population across the countries of the world.

What affects the placement of people?

For people's lives, heat and moisture, relief and fertility of the soil, and a sufficient amount of air are of great importance.

Therefore, cold and arid territories are poorly populated, as well as high mountains, where it is difficult to breathe due to lack of oxygen.

Since ancient times, mankind has gravitated towards the sea.

Proximity to it made it possible to obtain food and conduct economic activities related to sea fishing. Sea routes opened up the possibility of communication with other regions of the Earth.

Population density is also influenced by the age of territory development. To date, four areas of historical settlement on Earth have the highest population density: South and East Asia, Western Europe and eastern North America.

Human adaptation to natural conditions

Adaptation to natural conditions is manifested not only in the external appearance of people belonging to different races.

Features of nature affect the appearance of dwellings, people's clothes, food and methods of its preparation. In different parts of the Earth, different tools and building materials are used. And although in the modern world all these differences are gradually being erased, they can still be observed, especially in rural areas.

Placement of people on the planet wikipedia
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The location of the population is influenced by several factors:

1. Natural and climatic conditions - the more favorable the conditions for human life, the greater the population density (plains of the North Caucasus, Central Black Earth region), on the contrary, in regions with extreme natural conditions, the population density is insignificant (European North, northern Siberia and the Far East) .

Relief - as a rule, plains are more densely populated than mountains, at the same time, in mountainous regions in intermountain basins, a very high population density can be observed (Northern Caucasus).

3. Economic development and development of the territory - in regions with developed industry or agriculture, the population density is higher, which leads to continuous settlement of the territory (European part of Russia, south of Western Siberia), and in economically backward regions (Kalmykia) or in areas of new development ( European North, north of Siberia and the Far East) is characterized by focal settlement around a center of development.

Traditions of the population - for example, the peoples of the Far North need vast territories for hunting and reindeer herding.

5. Fresh water sources play a decisive role in desert regions, when almost the entire population is concentrated in oases (Kalmykia).

List the areas with the highest population density in Russia

Transport routes - in Russia, in the poorly developed regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East, the population is concentrated along the main transport routes - along rivers or main railways (for example, along the Trans-Siberian Railway).

The uneven distribution of the population leads to an excess of labor resources and an increase in unemployment in some regions (the national republics of the North Caucasus) and a sharp shortage in resource-producing regions (the European North, the north of Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia and the Far East), which makes it difficult to develop the Asian part of the country.

The population of Russia is extremely unevenly distributed over its territory.

What are the main reasons that determine the uneven distribution of the population, what problems arise in connection with this? wikipedia
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Why America is not Russia: the history of US cities

The history of any state is, first of all, the history of its cities. In the United States, the dynamics of the development of the country's cities has been published. It shows that several large agglomerations have always existed in the country at the same time, and situations where one city (like Moscow in the Russian Federation) openly dominates the entire country did not arise there.

The last warriors / The last warriors

A series of documentaries dedicated to the wild and original tribes of Africa.

The life of the Wudabi and Tuareg tribes is a daily struggle for survival in the ruthless desert heat. The Mursi are a people whose life is determined by what is seen in the night sky. They sacrifice animals, fight enemy tribes, women express devotion to their husbands - warriors by stretching their lips to unthinkable sizes.

In the southern part of Ethiopia, two exotic tribes live - the Hamar and the Karo. Warring with neighboring tribes, they have lived in peace and harmony with each other for many centuries.

Population explosion through the eyes of a biologist

Dolnik V.R.

This publication differs from many others in that a biologist writes about demographic problems.

With the development of ethology, social biology and other sciences of animal behavior, biologists began to encroach on a special point of view about the behavior of Homo sapiens. Naturally, this causes an unfavorable reaction among sociologists and psychologists, the invasion of aliens from biology into their protected territory seems at first blasphemy.

And still…

Tribal Life / Tribal Odyssey

national geographic

This cycle of documentaries is dedicated to the tribes of Africa, who live right next to nature, keeping their ancient cultural traditions, customs, way of life.

Genetic portrait of the Russian people

Oleg Balanovsky

Hamburg account

Russians have many relatives in terms of language, culture, and geography.

The history of civilization through the eyes of an ecologist

Dmitry Dvinin

Environmental challenges have arisen throughout human history, some peoples coped with them, others perished without finding an adequate answer.

Countries with the lowest population density

Modern ecology, based on a systematic approach, can give new answers to the questions of the development of civilization. At the lecture, you will learn how it is possible to study ecology in the past, why Marx was wrong, and whether it is possible to predict the future and manage the development of mankind.

Are there biological mechanisms for regulating the number of people?

Victor Dolnik

Forced sterilization is a crime against humanity

Forced sterilization is a government program that forces people to undergo surgical or chemical sterilization.

In the first half of the 20th century, such programs were launched in some parts of the world, including the United States, usually as part of eugenics research, and were intended to prevent the reproduction of people who were considered carriers of defective genetic traits.

Forced sterilization: how in the USA they fought for the purity of the gene pool

The authorities of North Carolina ordered to pay multimillion-dollar compensation to residents of the state who suffered from a policy of forced sterilization in the early and middle of the 20th century.

They were deprived of the opportunity to have children in accordance with the then popular doctrine of preserving the purity of the gene pool of the population. However, eugenics in the United States was carried away not only in North Carolina - tens of thousands of Americans became victims of this theory.

Rites of initiation: from circumcision to army hazing

In all countries of the world, the concept of masculinity has its own meaning, and the inhabitants of different countries themselves determine when a boy can be considered a man.

In a modern civilized society, in order to become a man, you need to enter sexual maturity, start a family, gain status in society. But in various tribes, in order to be considered a real man, you often need to go through terrible rites of initiation, including pain and humiliation. And only after that the boy can rightfully bear the title of a real man.

The main patterns of population distribution.
About 70% of the population is concentrated in 7% of the territory, and 15% of the land is completely uninhabited.

90% of the population lives in the northern hemisphere.

Over 50% of the population - up to 200 m above sea level, and up to 45% - up to 500 m above sea level (only in Bolivia, Peru and China (Tibet) does the boundary of human habitation exceed 5000 m)

about 30% - at a distance of no more than 50 km from the sea, and 53% - in a 200-km coastal strip.

80% of the population is concentrated in the Eastern Hemisphere average density: 45 people/km2 per 1/2 land population density less than 5 people/km2 maximum population density: Bangladesh - 1002 people/km2

World population density

The people on the planet are extremely unevenly settled.

Approximately 1/10 of the land is still uninhabited (Antarctica, almost all of Greenland, and so on).

According to other estimates, about half of the land has a density of less than 1 person per square kilometer, for 1/4 the density ranges from 1 to 10 people per 1 square kilometer.

km and only the rest of the land has a density of more than 10 people per 1 square kilometer. On the inhabited part of the Earth (oecumene), the average population density is 32 people per square meter.

80% live in the eastern hemisphere, 90% live in the northern hemisphere, and 60% of the world's population lives in Asia.

Obviously, a group of countries with a very high population density stands out - over 200 people per square kilometer.

It includes such countries as Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, El Salvador, etc.

In a number of countries, the density indicator is close to the world average - in Ireland, Iraq, Colombia, Malaysia, Morocco, Tunisia, Mexico, etc.

Some countries have lower density than the world average - in them it is no more than 2 people per 1 km2.

This group includes Mongolia, Libya, Mauritania, Namibia, Guyana, Australia, Greenland, etc.

Causes of uneven settlement

The uneven distribution of the population on the planet is explained by a number of factors.
First, it is the natural environment. For example, it is known that 1/2 of the world's population is concentrated in the lowlands, although they make up less than 30% of the land; 1/3 of people live at a distance of no more than 50 kilometers from the sea (the area of \u200b\u200bthis strip is 12% of the land) - the population is, as it were, shifted to the sea.

This factor has probably been leading throughout human history, but its influence is weakening as socio-economic development progresses. And although vast areas with extreme and unfavorable natural conditions (deserts, tundras, highlands, tropical forests, etc.) are still poorly populated, natural factors alone cannot explain the expansion of the ecumene ranges and those huge shifts in the distribution of people that have occurred over the past century.
Secondly, the historical factor has a rather strong influence.

This is due to the duration of the process of human settlement on Earth (about 30 - 40 thousand years).
Thirdly, the current demographic situation affects the distribution of the population. Thus, in some countries, the population is increasing very rapidly due to high natural increase.

In addition, within any country or region, no matter how small, the population density is different and varies greatly depending on the level of development of the productive forces.

It follows that the indicators of the average population density give only an approximate idea of the population and economic potential of the country.

This uneven distribution of the population is caused by a number of interrelated factors: natural, historical, demographic and socio-economic.

The population is distributed very unevenly across the globe.

This is due to the influence of a large number of factors that can be divided into three groups.

· Natural. They were decisive in the resettlement of people before the transition of mankind to agriculture and animal husbandry.

Of the most important here, one can single out the absolute height, relief, climate, the presence of water bodies, and natural zonality as a complex factor.

· Socio-economic. These factors are directly related to the development of human civilization and their influence on the distribution of the population increased with the development of productive forces. Despite the fact that human society will never fully become independent of nature, at present, it is the factors belonging to this group that are decisive in shaping the system of the Earth's settlement.

These include the development of new territories, the development of natural resources, the construction of various economic facilities, population migration, etc.

· Environmental factors. In fact, they also belong to the socio-economic.

However, starting from the last quarter of the 20th century, their influence increased sharply, which became the basis for their separation into a separate group. The influence of these factors is already determined not only by individual local events (the Chernobyl accident, the Aral Sea problem, etc.), but is increasingly becoming global in nature (the problems of pollution of the World Ocean, the greenhouse effect, ozone holes, etc.).

Historically, most of the population lives in Asia.

Currently, in this part of the world there are more than 3.8 billion people (2003), which is over 60.6% of the population of our planet. Almost equal in population America and Africa (approximately 860 million people each).

people, or 13.7% each, are significantly behind the rest of Australia and Oceania (32 million people, 0.5% of the world's population.

Asia hosts most of the countries with the largest populations.

Among them, according to this indicator, China has long been the leader (1289 million people, 2003), followed by India (1069 million people), the USA (291.5 million people), Indonesia (220.5 million people). pers.). Seven more states have a population of over 100 million people: Brazil (176.5 million people), Pakistan (149.1 million people), Bangladesh (146.7 million people).

people), Russia (144.5 million people), Nigeria (133.8 million people), Japan (127.5 million people) and Mexico (104.9 million people). At the same time, the population of Grenada, Dominica, Tonga, Kiribati, Marshall Islands was only 0.1 million.

Population density in Russia. World population density

The main indicator of population distribution is its density. This figure is growing with the increase in population and is currently on average in the world it is 47 people/km. However, it is significantly differentiated by regions of the world, countries and, in most cases, by different regions of countries, which is determined by the previously named groups of factors. Among parts of the world, the highest population density is in Asia - 109 people / km and Europe - 87 people / km, America - 64 people / km.

Africa and Australia with Oceania are significantly behind them - respectively, 28 people / km and 2.05 people / km. Differences in population density in the context of individual countries are even more pronounced. Small states are usually more densely populated. Monaco (11,583 people/km, 2003) and Singapore (6,785 people/km) stand out among them. From others: Malta - 1245 people / km, Bahrain - 1016 people / km, Republic of Maldives - 999 people / km. In the group of larger countries, Bangladesh is the leader (1019 people/km), significant density in Taiwan - 625 people/km, Republic of Korea - 483 people/km, Belgium - 341 people/km, Japan - 337 people/km, India - 325 people /km.

At the same time, in Western Sahara the density does not exceed 1 person/km, in Suriname, Namibia and Mongolia - 2 person/km, in Canada, Iceland, Australia, Libya, Mauritania and a number of other states - 3 person/km.

In the Republic of Belarus, the density indicator is close to the world average and amounts to 48 persons/km.

Demographic factor

Demographic factors have a great influence on the rational distribution of productive forces. When locating individual enterprises and sectors of the economy, it is necessary to take into account both the demographic situation already existing in a given place and the future situation, as well as the future increase in production itself.

When locating the construction of new economic facilities, it should be borne in mind that the working-age population is declining. Therefore, the task is to save labor resources, use them more rationally, release labor as a result of comprehensive mechanization and automation of production, and better organization of labor.

The current demographic situation is characterized by a large uneven distribution.

Most densely populated areas of the European part of the country: Central, North-Western, North Caucasus. At the same time, the regions of Siberia and the Far East and the North have a very low population density.

Therefore, when building new large-scale industries in the east and north of the country, it is necessary to attract labor resources from the populous European regions of the country to these areas, create a favorable social infrastructure for them in order to secure these personnel in newly developed areas with extreme conditions.

In connection with the growth of production in the eastern regions of the country and the acute shortage of labor resources in them, especially highly qualified personnel, the tasks are set of all-round intensification of production, accelerating the training of qualified personnel and attracting labor resources from the European regions of the country to new construction sites.

The labor factor is also of great importance in the prospective development of agriculture, where there is a significant shortage of labor resources.

Only the solution of the most important social problems in the countryside, private ownership of land, the convergence of living standards between town and countryside, the comprehensive development of housing construction and other infrastructure sectors will make it possible to secure personnel, especially young people, in the countryside.

An important aspect of personnel policy, which affects the development and location of production, is the factor of wages, especially for the regions of the North, eastern regions, i.e.

e. Labor-deficient areas with extreme conditions, sparsely populated.

Moscow 11 514.30 Central
2 St. Petersburg 8,081.17 North-Western
3 Moscow region 154.19 Central
4 Republic of Ingushetia 96.05 North Caucasian
5 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania 89.11 North Caucasian
6 Republic of Chechnya 84.61 North Caucasian
7 Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria 68.78 North Caucasian
8 Krasnodar Territory 68.76 Southern
9 Republic of Chuvashia 68.39 Privolzhsky
10 Kaliningrad region 62.35 Northwestern
11 Tula region 60.46 Central
12 Samara Region 59.99 Privolzhsky
13 Republic of Dagestan 59.19 North Caucasian
14 Republic of Adygea 57.95 South
15 Belgorod Region 56.56 Central
16 Republic of Tatarstan 55.68 Privolzhsky
17 Vladimir region 49.81 Central
18 Lipetsk Region 48.66 Central
19 Voronezh region 44.58 Central
20 Ivanovo region 44.46 Central
21 Nizhny Novgorod Region 44.26 Privolzhsky
22 Rostov region 42.45 Yuzhny
23 Stavropol Territory 41.90 North Caucasian
24 Chelyabinsk Region 39.57 Ural
25 Kursk region 37.80 Central

Evgeny Marushevsky

freelancer, constantly travels the world

You might think that the most populous country in the world is China. No wonder the number of the eastern neighbor of Russia has exceeded one billion and amounted to 1.38 billion people. You probably think the same. Or maybe it's India?

Everyone knows that China has a big problem of overpopulation, because of which it has territorial conflicts with Russia. And the cities are multimillionaires in the list of the first in terms of the number of people living in it. However, few realize that China is only the 56th most populous country in the world.

There are 139 people per square kilometer in China.

India has an area three times smaller than China, and a population of just over a billion.

The population density in India is 357 people per square kilometer - this is the 19th place in the list of the most densely populated countries in the world.

Statistics show that countries with the highest population density are dwarf states consisting of several cities. And the very first place among such countries is occupied by Monaco - a principality with a territory of less than 2 square kilometers. Next come:

Singapore
Vatican
Bahrain
Malta
Maldives

Monaco

On the world map, Monaco is located between France and the Mediterranean Sea in the very south of Europe.

Due to the lack of territory, there is a very high population density. The 36,000 residents of the country and foreigners who visit the tourist pearl every year account for 1.95 square kilometers - less than 200 hectares. Of these, 40 hectares were reclaimed from the sea.

The population density of Monaco is 18,000 people per 1 square kilometer.

Monaco consists of four merged cities: Monte-Ville, Monte-Carlo, La Condamine and the industrial center - Fontvieille.

The indigenous people of this country are Monegasques, they are a minority (20%) of the 120 nationalities living here. Next come the Italians, then the French (more than 40% of the population). Other nationalities are represented by 20% of the population. The official language is French. Although there is a local dialect, which is an Italian-French mixture of languages.

According to the form of government, the country is a constitutional monarchy, power here is inherited. The prince rules together with the National Council, which consists exclusively of Monegasques.

The country does not have its own army, but there is a police force, as well as a royal guard of 65 people. In accordance with the agreement between France and Monaco, the first of them deals with defense issues.

The tiny state prospers at the expense of other states of offshore companies located in the country, and tourism. It is here that the starting stage of the famous Formula 1 races begins, and here is the world-famous casino of Monaco, where gamblers flock, in whose countries gambling is prohibited.

Monaco is rich in sights. Here you can find medieval and modern architecture in combination, and it will look harmonious.

Here are:

The Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology, the Museum of Old Monaco, the Museum of the Prince, represented by cars, the Museum of Postage Stamps and Coins and other museums.

Among the historical monuments stand out: Fort Antoine, two churches and a chapel, the palace of justice and the prince's palace.

Fontvey Gardens and Princess Grace Gardens, rose gardens, zoo and more.

Also other popular places here are the wax museum of the princely family or the oceanographic museum. The latter was discovered by Jacques-Yves Cousteau.

Since the country does not have its own airport, you can get to Monaco by flight to Nice or Côte d'Azur, and then take a taxi.

The country introduced speed limits - about 50 km / h. There are also pedestrian zones in the old town. You can get around the city by bus or taxi. Travel by public transport will cost 1.5 euros.

Singapore

The city-state has an area of 719 square kilometers. It is located on 63 islands in Southeast Asia. It borders the islands of Indonesia and Malaysia.

The population density is 7,607 people per 1 square kilometer.

Its main population is made up of Chinese (74%), Malays (13.4%) and Indians (9%).

There are four official languages here:

English
Tamil
Chinese (Mandarin)
Malay

Of the attractions, the most famous are: the Chinatown Chinatown, the Indian district, the zoo and gardens by the bay. You can get to Singapore by plane. Accommodation is possible in a budget hotel, since there are enough of them here. And you can get to it from the airport by taxi costing from 10 Singapore dollars, or you can use the subway for a price of $ 2.

Vatican

A dwarf enclave state on the territory of Rome was founded in 1929. The Vatican is the smallest state in the world, its area is only 0.4 square kilometers, the second after it is Monaco.

The population density is 2,030 people per square kilometer.

The population of the Vatican is 95% male, the total number of people living is 1,100.The official language of the Vatican is Latin. The head of the Vatican, the Pope, represents the Holy See.

On the territory of the Vatican there are palace complexes and museums (Egyptian and Pio-Clementino), the residence of the Pope, St. Peter's Cathedral, the Sistine Chapel and other buildings. Since all the embassies in the Vatican do not fit, some of them, including the Italian one, are located in Italy, in the eastern part of Rome. There are also located: the University of Pope Urban, the University of Thomas Aquinas and other educational institutions of the Vatican.

If you do not take into account the dwarf city-states, then the most populous country can be called Bangladesh. Next come:

Taiwan,
South Korea,
Netherlands,
Lebanon,
India.

Mongolia is the most sparsely populated country in the world. There are only 2 people per square kilometer.

Bangladesh

The area of Bangladesh is 144,000 square kilometers.

The population density is 1,099 people per square kilometer.

The state is located in South Asia. The total number of people living in the country is 142 million. Bangladesh was formed in 1970. It borders India and Myanmar. The official languages in the country are English and Bengali.

The rich fauna and flora is the main attraction of this country. 150 species of reptiles, 250 mammals and 750 birds.

Among the attractions of the country are:

Sundarbans National Park, Madhupur and other nature reserves,

architectural structures: Ahsan-Manzil Palace, Dakeshvari Temple, mausoleums and mosques.

Also in Bangladesh there is a copy of the famous Taj Mahal.

You can get to Bangladesh by plane with a transfer, as there are no direct transfers from Russia.

Taiwan

The Republic of China is not yet recognized by everyone, officially it is considered a province of China. The area of the country is 36,178 square kilometers with a population of 23 million people.

The population density is 622 people per square kilometer.

The official language is Beijing Chinese. 20% of the country's territory is under state protection: nature reserves, reserves and much more. 400 species of butterflies, more than 3,000 species of fish, a large number of mammals and other animals attract tourists. There is also the opportunity to relax in the mountains.

You can get to Taiwan via Hong Kong to Kaohsiung International Airport. Within the country, rail travel is especially popular.

Guyana, 3.5 people/sq.km

Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km

Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km

Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km

Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km

Suriname, 3 people/sq.km

Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km

Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km

Mongolia, 2 persons/sq.km

To characterize the distribution of the population, the indicator is used density population, which first appeared in the works of economists in the first half of the 19th century. It allows you to more or less clearly judge the degree of population of the territory, it reflects the suitability of one or another type of natural environment for the production activities of people and the direction of the economy, and the demographic capacity of the territory. The most traditional indicator of population density is calculated as the ratio of the number of permanent residents of the territory to its area, excluding large inland water basins, expressed in the number of people per 1 km 2 (gross population density).

In industrialized countries, the indicator of average density, due to the high proportion of city dwellers, does not reflect the nature of the use of the territory. Therefore, the density of the rural population is often determined in relation to either the entire territory of the country, or only to agricultural land, or suitable for agriculture (net population density).

Average density data allow comparisons between countries and areas, especially when comparing agricultural countries. The smaller the area taken for calculation, the closer this indicator is to reality. So, with an average population density in Indonesia of 122 people / km 2 about. Java has a density of over 500 people/km 2 , and some of its areas (Adiverna, Klatena) - more than 2500 people/km 2 [Shuv., p.82].

The overall population density of the Earth is growing in proportion to the growth of the world population. In 1900, this figure was 12 people/km2, in 1950 it was 18, and in 2000 it was approximately 45 people/km2. Rural population density has grown much more slowly and is now half the global average. And in economically developed countries, the density of the rural population does not grow at all or even decreases.

At the same time, in such densely populated countries as India and Bangladesh, where urbanization is developing slowly, the burden of the rural population on agricultural land that has long been used to the limit is growing.

The highest density indicator (126 people / km 2) has a populous Asia, more than 120 people / km 2 - Europe (without the CIS countries), in the rest of the macro-regions of the Earth, the population density is lower than the world average: in Africa - 31, in America - 22, and in Australia and Oceania - only 4 people / km 2.

Comparison of the population density of individual countries makes it possible to single out three groups of states according to this indicator. Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, India, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, El Salvador, etc. have a very high population density (over 200 people / km 2).

Small, mostly island countries, have particularly high population densities: Monaco (33104 people / km 2), Singapore (6785), Malta (1288), Bahrain (1098), Barbados (647), Mauritius (618 people / km 2) and etc.

There are significant contrasts in population density within individual countries. Egypt, China, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Russia, etc. can be cited as vivid examples of this kind.

For example, in Australia, 4/5 of the country's population lives on 10% of the territory, and only 1% on 65% of the area. In India, more than half of the population lives in the Tanga Valley, in the south of Hindustan and along the coast, i.e. 1/5 of the country. Only 3.5% of the population lives on 3/5 of China's area.

The most important geographical features of the population distribution can be noted:

- about 70% of the population lives on 7% of the land;

- more than 70% of the world's rural population is concentrated in Asia;

- more than 85% of the planet's inhabitants are concentrated in the eastern hemisphere, 90% - in the northern hemisphere;

- the main part of the population and settlements are distributed up to 78 0 n. and 54 0 S;

- about 4/5 of the land population lives no higher than 500 m above sea level, 50% - up to 200 m;

- in the lowlands most people live in Europe (69%), Australia (72%); least of all - in Africa (32%) and South America (42%);

- about 11% of the world's population lives at an altitude of 500-1000 m;

– about 30% of the population lives at a distance of up to 50 km from the sea coast [Shuv., Shitikova].

Population density maps reflect extremely brightly and visually the distribution of the population, and the larger the scale of the map, the higher its value as a source of information.

Five main areas of high density are clearly distinguished on the world population density map. The largest of them is the East Asian one, which includes the eastern provinces of China, Korea, and Japan. The average density here everywhere (except for mountainous regions) is about 200 people. (Kong, and in the Yangtze Valley, in the Republic of Korea and Japan exceeds 300 people / km 2. Approximately 1.5 billion inhabitants live in this area, there are approximately more than 30 cities with a population exceeding 1 million each.

The second population cluster is South Asian (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) with an average density of about 300 people / km 2 and the largest population concentration in the Tanga and Brahmakutra valleys - up to 500 people / km 2. It is also home to about 1.5 billion people.

The third area is Southeast Asian (Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia) with a population of more than 400 million people. In these regions, high density was formed initially due to the rural population, where it does not fall below 300-500 people / km 2, and in some areas reaches 1500-2000 people, with a further concentration of part of the population in cities, especially in Japan and the Republic of Korea .

The fourth area is Western European (Great Britain (without Scotland), Benelux, North of France, Germany), where the average density exceeds 200 people / km 2.

The fifth cluster of population can be traced to the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada with 14 million-plus cities. The concentration of the population here, as well as in Western Europe, is explained by the high level of development of industry and other sectors of the economy in cities of various ranks.

A small cluster of population is located in the lower reaches of the Nile, where the density reaches 500-800 people / km 2, and in the delta - more than 1300 people / km 2.

More than 2/3 of the total population of the planet is concentrated in these areas.

Along with densely populated areas, vast expanses of land are very sparsely populated. About 54% of the Oikulina area has a population density of less than 5 persons/km2. These areas include the territories of Eurasia and North America with subpolar archipelagos of islands adjacent to the coast of the Arctic Ocean.

A rare population in the deserts of North Africa, Central and Western Australia, Central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula. There is little population in the equatorial forests of the Amazon, in high mountainous areas. These areas are extreme in terms of natural conditions. Naturally, the bulk of people are concentrated in the most favorable areas for living and farming in the temperate, subtropical and subequatorial climatic zones.

The population density in foreign Europe and Asia is more than 2.5 times higher than the world average, while in America it is twice, and in Australia and Oceania 12 times less (Table 1).

Table 1 Change in population density by regions of the world, persons/km2

Note: * without CIS countries

For half a century, the population density has increased most in Africa (almost 8 times) and in general in developing countries - 3 times.

In the Asian region, the bulk of the population is concentrated in East, Southeast and South Asia. Huge areas of deserts, semi-deserts and mountains do not have a permanent population. As already noted, this region is characterized by intra-country differentiation in density (China, India, etc.).

Countries with the highest population density: Bangladesh - 1035 people / km 2, Japan - 338, India - 344, Lebanon - 377, Israel - 332. In the largest countries of the region, this figure is lower: China - 138, Indonesia - 122, Pakistan - 213 people / km 2. Mongolia has the minimum population density - 2 people / km 2.

Europe has a fairly uniform population density everywhere, there are no vast sparsely populated and uninhabited areas, as well as areas of a dense agricultural population, as in Asia. High density rates are achieved at the expense of the urban population. The highest density of the rural population is observed in Malta, Switzerland and Italy, the lowest - in the countries of Northern Europe (Iceland, Scandinavian countries). Intra-country differentiation in density is most pronounced in the UK and France.

They have the maximum population density (not counting the dwarf and island heads in the Netherlands - 394 people / km 2, Italy - 197, Switzerland - 182, Belgium - 348. In Iceland, this figure is minimal - 3 people / km 2.

Africa is still relatively sparsely populated, especially in the equatorial forests of the river basin. Congo, deserts of North and South Africa. Intra-country differences in population density are pronounced in North Africa (Egypt, Libya). The most densely populated countries are Mauritius (619 people / km 2), Reunion (319), Rwanda (355), Burundi (306).

Of the large states, the highest density is: Nigeria - 156 people / km 2; Egypt -73, Uganda - 188, Ethiopia - 70.

The lowest population density was noted in Mauritania and Namibia - 3 people / km 2 each, Western Sahara - 2 people / km 2.

America is characterized by a sharp differentiation in population density within countries and between countries (Canada, USA, Brazil). The highest population density is observed in the Atlantic regions of the United States and the central highlands of Mexico, on the Pacific coast (California), the Caribbean islands, and the Columbian highlands in South America. The lowest density is observed in the Amazon, the foothills of AID, the Atacama Desert, and the Arctic regions.

The average population density of the largest countries in the region: USA - 31 people / km 2, Mexico - 54, Brazil - 22, Venezuela - people / km 2, the lowest - in Canada (3 people / km 2).

Australia and Oceania is the region with the lowest population density. There are clusters of population on the islands: Nauru (667 people / km 2), Tuvalu (379), Marshall Islands (370), Guam (315). In Australia itself, this figure does not exceed 3 people / km 2.

In Russia, the largest of the CIS countries, the average population density is only 8 people / km 2, and rural - 2.3. The population density map of Russia clearly shows the main strip of settlement, stretching from the Western borders and narrowing towards the Pacific Ocean through the Volga region, the Middle and Southern Urals, the south of Western and Eastern Siberia to the south of the Far East, mainly along the Trans-Siberian Railway. About 2/3 of the entire population of Russia is concentrated within this band. Away from it, on the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District, there are several areas with a high population density, especially in its western part. In natural terms, the main zone of settlement coincides with the steppe, forest-steppe zones and the southern regions of the taiga, the most convenient for living and farming, in which the vast majority of the inhabitants of Russia have been employed for many centuries. At present, the population density in the Moscow region is about 300 people/km2, and in the most densely populated Central Economic Region, this figure is 60 people/km2.

Of the other CIS countries, Moldova (118 people/km2), Armenia (101) and Ukraine (77 people/km2) have the highest population density. The minimum values were noted in Kazakhstan (6 people/km2), Turkmenistan (11 people/km2).

Portal for the student. Self-training

Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km

Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km

Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km

Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km

Suriname, 3 people/sq.km

Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km

Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km

Mongolia, 2 persons/sq.km

Population density of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

How are people located on the earth's surface?

What affects the placement of people?

Human adaptation to natural conditions

Answers to GIA tickets by geography

List the areas with the highest population density in Russia

Countries with the lowest population density

Population density in Russia. World population density

Monaco

Singapore

Vatican

Bangladesh

Taiwan

Guyana, 3.5 people/sq.km

Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km

Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km

Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km

Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km

Suriname, 3 people/sq.km

Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km

Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km

Mongolia, 2 persons/sq.km

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