Good day, dear friends! Do you remember what grades you got in school? I remember. There are no triples in my certificate. But during any year of study there were triples, deuces, and even cola sometimes happened. So I think, who is Alexandra, my daughter, like? Excellent student, hangs on the honor roll! Apparently those additional exercises that we do with her are bearing fruit.

Lesson plan:

Exercise 1

A very interesting exercise! Useful not only for children, but also for adults. This exercise is used as a test at the casting of radio hosts. Imagine, you come to the casting, and they say to you: “Come on, my friend, connect us a chicken with a pole.” In all seriousness, they say so!

The meaning is precisely in this, it is necessary to combine two absolutely unrelated concepts. Radio presenters need this in order to quickly and beautifully compose lead lines to songs during live broadcasts, for easy transitions from one topic to another.

Well, the kids are suitable for the development of creative, creative, quick thinking.

So how do you connect a chicken with a pole? Lots of options:

1. The chicken walks around the post.
2. The chicken was blind, walked and crashed into a pole.
3. The chicken was strong, hit the pole, and it fell.
4. The pillar fell right on the chicken.

Do you want to work out? Good. Connect:

• chamomile with milk;
• headphones with a jellyfish;
• moon boots.

Exercise 2. Word Breakers

If in the previous exercise we connected, then in this we will break one long word into many short ones, consisting of letters of a large word. According to the rules, if a letter occurs once in a long word, then it cannot be repeated twice in short words.

For example, the word "switch" breaks down into:

• tulle;
• key;
• beak.

I don't see any more options, do you?

You can break any long words, for example, “holiday”, “picture”, “towel”, “polar explorer”.

Exercise 3. Puzzles

Solving puzzles helps to think outside the box, creatively. Teaches the child to analyze.

Rebuses may contain images, letters, numbers, commas, fractions, placed in a very different order. Let's try to solve some simple puzzles together.

1. On the first we see the syllable "BA" and "barrel". Connect: BA + Barrel = Butterfly.
2. On the second, the principle is the same: Baran + KA = Bagel.
3. The third is more difficult. Cancer is drawn, and next to it is “a = y”. So in the word cancer, the letter "a" must be replaced with the letter "y", we get "hands". To this we add another "a": hand + a = hand.
4. The fourth rebus with a comma. Since the letter “A” is the first, the guess word begins with it. Next, we see the “fist”, after the picture there is a comma, which means that the last letter must be subtracted from the word “fist”. Let's get "cool". Now we combine everything together: A + kula = shark.
5. The fifth rebus is only at first glance difficult. You need to remove the letter “and” from the word “saw”, and read the word “cat” backwards. As a result, we get: pla + current = handkerchief.
6. The sixth, fully alphabetic rebus. Everything is clear with the first and last letters, but what about the middle? We see the letter "o" drawn in the beech "t", so let's say "in t o". We connect: A + WTO + P \u003d AUTHOR.

Trained? Now try to solve the puzzle yourself.

You can share your answers in the comments. You will find many puzzles in children's magazines and.

Exercise 4. Anagrams

Can an orange be turned into a spaniel and vice versa? "Easily!" anagram lovers will answer. You don't even need a magic wand.

An anagram is a literary device that consists in rearranging the letters or sounds of a certain word (or phrase), which results in another word or phrase.

Just as easily, a dream turns into a nose, a cat into a current, and a linden into a saw.

Well, shall we try? Let's make it so:

• the "carriage" flew to the stars;
• "word" grew on the head;
• "lace" learned to fly;
• "atlas" became edible;
• "pump" settled in the forest;
• "mote" became transparent;
• the “roller” was placed on the table before dinner;
• "bun" learned to swim;
• "chamomile" was spinning by the lantern on summer evenings;
• "Park" could not live without water.

Exercise 5. Logic problems

The more logic puzzles you solve, the stronger your thinking becomes. After all, it is not for nothing that they say that mathematics is gymnastics for the mind. Indeed, when solving some of them, you directly feel how the brain moves.

Let's start with the simpler ones:

1. Kolya and Vasya solved problems. One boy decided at the blackboard, and the other at the desk. Where did Vasya solve problems if Kolya did not solve them at the blackboard?
2. Three old grandmothers live in the same entrance, on the third, fifth and seventh floors. Who lives on what floor, if grandmother Nina lives above Valya's grandmother, and Galya's grandmother lives below Valya's grandmother?
3. Yura, Igor, Pasha and Artem finished in the top four in the running competition. Who took what place? It is known that Yura did not run first or fourth, Igor ran after the winner, and Pasha was not the last.

And the next three problems Sashulya brought from the Mathematical Olympiad. These are tasks for the third grade.

“The gardener planted 8 seedlings. Of all but four, pear trees have grown. All but two pear trees grow pears. Pears from all fruit-bearing pear trees except one are not tasty. How many pear trees have tasty pears?”

“Vasya, Petya, Vanya wear ties of only one color: green, yellow and blue. Vasya said: "Petya does not like yellow." Petya said: "Vanya wears a blue tie." Vanya said: "You are both deceiving." Who prefers what color if Vanya never lies?

And now attention! A task of increased difficulty! "On the backfill," as they say. I couldn't solve it. I suffered for a long time, and then I looked at the answers. She is also from the Olympics.

“The traveler needs to cross the desert. The transition lasts six days. The traveler and the porter who will accompany him may take with him a supply of water and food for one person for four days each. How many porters will the traveler need to realize his plan? Enter the smallest number."

If you still fall asleep on any task, then contact me, I will help)

Exercise 6. Match puzzles

Matches are not toys for children! A tool for training thinking. For safety reasons, I suggest replacing matches with counting sticks.

These simple little sticks make very complex puzzles.

First, let's warm up:

• fold two identical triangles from five sticks;
• of seven sticks, two identical squares;
• remove three sticks to make three identical squares (see picture below).

Now more difficult:

Move three sticks so that the arrow flies in the opposite direction.

The fish also needs to be turned in the other direction, while shifting only three sticks.

After shifting only three sticks, remove the strawberry from the glass.

Remove two sticks to make two equilateral triangles.

The answers can be found at the end of the article.

Exercise 7

And now let's work as Sherlock Holmes! Let us seek the truth and discover lies.

Show the child two pictures, on one of which depict a square and a triangle, and on the other a circle and a polygon.

And now offer cards with the following statements:

• some figures on the card are triangles;
• there are no triangles on the card;
• there are circles on the card;
• some of the figures on the card are squares;
• all shapes on the card are triangles;
• there are no polygons on the card;
• There are no rectangles on the card.

The task is to determine whether these statements are false or true for each picture with figures.

A similar exercise can be carried out not only with geometric shapes, but also with images of animals. For example, put a cat, a fox and a squirrel on the picture.

Statements can be as follows:

• all these animals are predators;
• there are pets in the picture;
• all the animals in the picture can climb trees;
• all animals have fur.

Pictures and statements to them can be selected independently.

Exercise 8. Instruction

We are surrounded by a variety of things. We use them. Sometimes we do not pay any attention to the instructions that are attached to these items. And it also happens that there are simply no instructions for some very necessary items. Let's fix this misunderstanding! We will write the instructions ourselves.

Take, for example, a comb. Yes, yes, the usual comb! That's what we got with Alexandra.

So, instructions for using the comb.

1. A comb is a device for making hair smooth and silky, made of plastic.
2. Use a comb should be with increased shaggy and curly.
3. In order to start combing, approach the comb, gently take it in your hand.
4. Stand in front of a mirror, smile, bring the comb to the roots of your hair.
5. Now slowly move the comb down to the ends of your hair.
6. If there are obstacles in the form of knots on the way of the comb, then run the comb over them several times with weak pressure, while you can scream a little.
7. Each strand of hair is subject to processing by a comb.
8. Combing can be considered finished when the comb does not meet a single knot on the way.
9. After combing, it is necessary to rinse the comb with water, put it in a place specially designated for it.
10. If a tooth has broken off a comb, you need to throw it in the trash.
11. If all the teeth of the comb have broken off, send it after the tooth.

Try writing instructions for a pot, or slippers, or a glasses case. It will be interesting!

Exercise 9. Making up a story

Stories can be composed in different ways, for example, based on a picture or on a given topic. By the way, this will help. And I suggest you try to compose a story based on the words that must be present in this story.

As always, an example.

Words are given: Olga Nikolaevna, poodle, sequins, turnip, salary, gray hair, castle, flood, maple, song.

Here's what happened to Sasha.

Olga Nikolaevna walked down the street. On a leash, she led her poodle Artemon, the poodle was all shiny. Yesterday he broke the lock on the locker, got to the box of glitter, and poured it all over himself. And Artemon gnawed through the pipe in the bathroom and made a real flood. When Olga Nikolaevna came home from work and saw all this, gray hair appeared in her hair. And now they were going for turnips, as turnips calm the nerves. And the turnip was expensive, worth half the salary. Before entering the store, Olga Nikolaevna tied the poodle to a maple tree and, singing a song, went inside.

Now try it yourself! Here are three sets of words:

1. Doctor, traffic light, headphones, lamp, mouse, magazine, frame, exam, janitor, paper clip.
2. First grader, summer, hare, button, gap, bonfire, Velcro, shore, plane, hand.
3. Konstantin, jump, samovar, mirror, speed, sadness, trip, ball, list, theater.

Exercise 10

We have already worked as detectives. Now I propose to work as a police officer. The fact is that the words in well-known proverbs and sayings violated the order. We will deal with violators of the order. Try to arrange the words the way they are supposed to stand.

1. Food, comes, time, in, appetite.
2. You will pull out, not, labor, from, a fish, a pond, without.
3. Measure, one, a, one, seven, cut, one.
4. And, ride, sled, love, carry, love.
5. Waiting, no, seven, one.
6. Word, cat, and, nice, kind.
7. One hundred, a, rubles, have, don't, have, friends, a hundred.
8. Falls, not, apple trees, far, apple, from.
9. Flowing, stone, not, water, recumbent, under.
10. Autumn, consider, by, chickens.

I want to clarify. We don't do this on purpose. That is, it doesn’t happen that I say: “Come on, Alexandra, sit down at the table, let’s develop thinking!” No. All this in between times, if we go somewhere, we go, before going to bed instead of books. It is very interesting to do it, so you don’t have to force anyone.

Well, now the promised answers to matchstick puzzles!

Puzzle Answers

About two triangles of five matches.

About two squares out of seven.

We get three squares.

Expand the arrow (watch the color of the sticks).

We turn the fish.

And about two equilateral triangles.

I recently found this video on the Internet. It has completely different exercises. We tried, until it turns out with difficulty. Well, let's practice. See if you can use it too.

Dare! Get busy! Develop with your children. Try these "golden" exercises. Show off your results in the comments!

Thank you for your attention!

And I look forward to visiting again! Here you are always welcome!

Read how to develop thinking, and you will learn not only to think quickly, but also to think outside the box.

Every normal person wants to think quickly, think outside the box, be able to show off their intellectual abilities, which is why requests are so frequent, how to develop thinking.

Only fools who do not care about their lives do not want this.

By the way, I suspect that it is the fools who stubbornly refuse to subscribe to the newsletter, but with enviable constancy they come to write some stupidity in the comments.

What is thinking and why should it be developed?

Thinking is the highest human ability to know this world.

It is contrasted with "low" forms: smell, perception, and others, which even primitive species of animals can boast of, but only a person can think logically, analytically, creatively.

The result of thinking is a thought that you must first extract from the bins of the brain, and then voice it in oral, written or other form.

Of course, all people can think, but the quality of the thoughts they produce is completely different.

Some, as they say, grasp everything on the fly, demonstrate excellent success first in school, then at work, instantly find a way out of difficult situations, while others are very slow-witted, therefore they are always in the shadow of people with developed thinking.

Like, for example, Vanya is a security guard at my former job.

Vanya could not be called a too stupid or lazy guy, but he really thought hard, and to put his thought into words was an impossible task for him at all.

Many people live quietly for themselves with slow-wittedness and do not worry, but our guard suffered and wanted to change.

Vanya and I communicated well, and once in a conversation he admitted that he would like to develop his thinking.

What types of thinking are there and how to develop them?

Before embarking on the development of thinking, you need to understand what types of this very thinking exist, and what exactly you want to work on.

Scientists distinguish between the following types of thinking:

Boolean.

Thanks to him, a person operates with logical constructions and is able to draw logical conclusions based on the information received.

Deductive.

Remember Sherlock Holmes and his deductive method?

You, too, can develop the ability to draw unexpected but correct conclusions from disparate facts, moving from the general to the specific.

Inductive.

This kind of thinking is opposed to deductive thinking, because you draw conclusions by moving from the particular to the general.

Analytical.

Allows a person to analyze the information received, extract the most important data from it and draw concise and accurate conclusions.

Creative (creative).

People of the creative profession cannot do without it, because it is thanks to creative thinking that paintings, books, theatrical performances, films, advertising campaigns and much more are created.

Most often, when people ask “How to develop thinking?”, They mean analytical, logical or creative.

We will talk about them.

How to develop logical thinking?

It is incredibly difficult to live in this world without logic, because every day we are faced with tasks that cannot be solved without logical thinking.

If you have problems with logical reasoning, then you can improve the situation with:

1. Solving puzzles and puzzles.
2. Solutions to logical puzzles (you can find at least a hundred of them on the Internet).
3. Chess games.
4. Love for computer games, such as "Rotating Matrix", "Numbers", etc.

Choosing a job in which you need to apply the strategy on a daily basis.

For example, writing texts, creating websites, etc.

5. Solving a Rubik's Cube.

If you practice daily using these methods, then in a month you will find the ability to make logical conclusions.

How to develop creative (creative) thinking?

Developing creative thinking is the most difficult thing, because a person is either born gifted, or is born without the slightest ability to be creative.

For example, at our school there was a girl Olya, who wrote the most magnificent essays, but at the same time received marks for them 5/3, where her literacy was evaluated by a three.

Whereas an excellent student of Light, the pride of the class, created very boring, but literate texts, getting her fives thanks to her reputation.

Now Sveta is a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, she teaches at the capital's university, and Olya is an employee of an advertising agency who creates great advertising campaigns.

Both girls found their calling, despite the fact that one always had it, while the other was completely absent.

And, if they chose each other's professional paths, they would most likely fail.

If you want to develop creative thinking for yourself, so as not to be considered a cracker, then try to do this with:

1. Readings of fiction.
2. Visits to exhibitions, theater premieres, all events related to art.
3. Drawing, you can even sign up for some courses.

Writing poems and texts.

It is not necessary (more precisely, undesirable 🙂) to publish them somewhere, you write them as a training.

Creative hobby: knitting, embroidery, macrame, decoupage and more.

Moreover, the less you pay attention to ready-made schemes and the more you show fantasies, the better.

How to develop analytical thinking?

There is even a separate position - analysts - people who analyze the data received and draw conclusions based on them.

For example, financial analysts are able to predict the rise or fall in prices for something, the exchange rate in the near future, ways out of the crisis, and much more.

If you get the same data as them, you are unlikely to understand anything, but the analytical mindset allows you to draw the right conclusions.

The ways to develop analytical thinking are similar to the methods that need to be applied to develop logical thinking. The same puzzles, chess, Rubik's cube, computer games and more.

But your main task is to constantly analyze the information received, not be afraid to draw conclusions, even if they may be incorrect.

How to develop the speed of thinking?

Often we call slow-thinking those people who think too slowly.

If you are dissatisfied with the speed of your thinking and want to develop it, then:

Do facial exercises that will help you express your thoughts more easily.

I don’t give specific exercises, act on a whim, at the same time you will practice creative thinking.

1. Lead healthy lifestyle life and.

Develop fine motor skills, for example, with beadwork.

Not only in children, fine motor skills are directly related to thinking, but also in adults.

Learn poetry by heart.

And what? You can always surprise your soul mate by reading a love poem to her, and the memory, which is directly related to the ability to think, is being trained.

2. Give yourself a head massage, even special “combs” are sold to make this procedure easier for you.
3. Travel, meet new people.
4. Live in a fast rhythm, then your brains will not slow down.

We offer you to watch a video on how to develop creative thinking

by drawing:

Here you see: the answer to the question " How to develop thinking? not so complicated.

You will succeed.

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Henry Ford

When a person asks the question of how to develop thinking, it can be said with full confidence that he understands perfectly well what role it plays in our life. And this role, believe me, is huge. Thanks to developed thinking, each of us can achieve very high results in almost any business, even without having the necessary knowledge for this, since well-developed thinking will easily lead a person to any knowledge he needs and allow him to use it competently. Thinking is the most important tool for a person in this world. There are many kinds of thinking, as well as ways to develop them. And each type of thinking has its advantages and some, as a rule, not very significant, disadvantages. Thinking can be: logical, analytical, deductive, inductive, systemic, creative, and so on. At the same time, any thinking is reduced to one common action that allows it to function. And in order to develop thinking, it is necessary to learn how to perform this action effectively. In this article, I will tell you about what and how you can do to develop your thinking.

To begin with, let's, friends, find out what thinking is. As you probably know, there are quite a few definitions of thinking [as well as everything else in this world], each of which reflects different sides, or aspects of this rather complex class of mental processes. And without a doubt, each of the definitions has a greater or lesser right to exist, and each of them is useful in its own way. I will give my thinking, in my opinion, the most correct and precise definition, from which we will proceed in the future. It is different from the definitions you might find in books on the subject. But it suits me just fine, and I hope it suits you too.

Thinking is the process of searching for relevant and/or new information, or, if you prefer, searching for truth, through questions that a person poses to himself and then moves in many different directions to find several answers to each of his questions and choose from them most from his point of view the correct answer. This search should be carried out by a person both in the external and in his inner world. Or you can also say this: thinking is the process of switching a person’s attention with the help of questions posed to himself from one information to another and establishing a logical connection between these pieces of information. Moreover, information can be not only real, but also fictional, when a person himself comes up with something new, that is, comes up with a new answer to his question. The quality of thinking is precisely determined by a person’s ability to invent new information, or very skillfully manipulate the information he already has in order to find a solution to some issue, some problem, to find something that he does not yet know about. That is, new information, new knowledge - you can come up with the help of questions correctly posed to yourself.

Thus, everything that concerns thinking, for us, comes down to the ability of a person to pose the right questions and look for answers to them. Moreover, the more intense, intense and more complex this search, the better and more effective the person's thinking. And the easier it is to search for information, the fewer questions a person asks himself and the faster he finds the easiest answers to the questions that arise before him, the weaker his thinking. For example, if a person does not look for new information at all, when some questions arise before him, but is content with ready-made answers that he knows and which, from his point of view, are not just true, but the only true ones, but in fact often turn out to be superficial and outdated , then it is simply not necessary to talk about the presence of a well-developed thinking in him. And it's another matter when a person actively seeks or in some cases even comes up with answers to his questions, that is, creates new information based on existing information. In this case, we can say that his thinking is well developed. But putting the right question in front of you, so that with its help you come to another right question, and then to another question, and so on until you find the answer you need to solve a specific problem or task, is very difficult. Therefore, it is impossible to really develop your thinking well by solving puzzles and puzzles, guessing crossword puzzles, playing chess, logic puzzles, picking up a Rubik's cube and the like. These are all child's play for our thinking. In order to develop, it must work on more complex and at the same time competently set tasks, dealing with their solution with the help of correctly selected questions.

Let me briefly explain how our thinking works. Our thoughts, if we consider them as a process that we call thinking, are a kind of hooks that connect some images and concepts in our head with other images and concepts. We call this relationship a causal relationship, when another follows from one phenomenon, or another from one statement. And images and concepts are the types of information that we operate with. But when we consider our thoughts already as information that is stored in our head in the form of images and concepts, then with the help of questions and the search for answers to them, we establish causal relationships between these thoughts [between information cells] and with their help we collect a general picture of the vision of the world or a general picture of a single situation. That is, you see, friends, our thinking is a kind of instruction for working with information, which is based on correctly posed questions.

Above, I said that a person himself must put questions before himself in order to think, but in fact, thinking turns on, or better to say, starts, and when looking for answers to other people's questions. Because other people's questions, in turn, generate questions in your head. Well, let's say I ask you this question: “How can I light a fire?”, And you already need to start thinking, start looking for information in order to answer me something. How will you do it? You will also ask yourself the question - what and how you better answer me. You can tell me that you don't know how fires are made, or you can give me the necessary information on this subject, if you have it, or you can come up with something else, for example, ask a counter question: “Why do you need this?” . This choice that you will make, deciding what and how to answer me, is a thinking process that will consist of questions you pose to yourself and search for answers to them. If you think very carefully about your answer, giving it enough attention and sorting through all the possible options in order to find the best, then your thinking will be conscious, and if you answer automatically, then your thinking will be unconscious. It also consists of questions and answers, but they do not fall into your field of attention, so you cannot control them. So a question that comes to you from the outside will inevitably lead to several questions inside your head that will start the process of thinking. If this question is difficult, then you will have to tinker a lot with the information you have before finding a suitable answer, provided that your thinking is conscious. You may need to modify the information you have in some way to adapt it to your specific situation, or you may want to ask clarifying questions to the person asking the question or questions to you to better understand what question you need to seek an answer to. . In other words, all thinking is based on questions and answers. This is to put it simply. And we do not need to complicate this issue with you.

As you can see, friends, having defined thinking, we have already partly answered the question of how to develop this very thinking. You need to learn how to ask the right questions and be able to find answers to them, both right and wrong. And then to determine which of the answers found may be correct. And for this, again, you need to ask the right question, which will allow you to move even further and clarify even more information for yourself. In general, the process of thinking is not an easy process. Thinking has always been hard. But it needs to be done.

So, what have we found out. We found out that in order to develop thinking, it is necessary, firstly, to launch it, and secondly, to improve its work. How to start thinking? To do this, as we have learned, you need to ask yourself the right question. What is the correct question? The right question is first of all a question about a question. This is the very first question you need to ask yourself when thinking about this or that question. That is, you must understand - why do you need to puzzle over the question before you, why go deep into some topic at all, for what purpose will you do this? You see, anyone, even the smartest person, can be loaded with absolutely useless information for him, so that his brain starts working on it, to the detriment of more important matters. Thus, a person can simply be distracted from thoughts that are important to him. But thinking is what we are given to avoid such situations. Therefore, by asking why we should think about anything at all, we can control our thinking and use it for our own good. Therefore, I repeat, the question about the question is the very first question that you need to ask yourself in order to properly set up your thinking.

Next, you need to think about how many answers there can be to a particular question to which you decide to find an answer. In order not to think linearly and stereotyped, you need to take a broader look at the questions you are facing. Never allow yourself to be satisfied with just one answer to a particular question - look for as many answers as possible, asking yourself what they, these answers, can still be, in addition to those that you already know. The more options you find, the better. If you can't find new answers, think of them. And no matter how absurd they turn out, the main thing is that they will not allow you to slow down your thinking by stopping the process of finding answers with new questions. And this process must necessarily last as long as possible in order to give your brain the load necessary for its development, thanks to which you can, so to speak, pump your thinking. It's like with muscles - you can't do push-ups or pull-ups once to make them grow and make them more resilient. Muscles need to be loaded until they go beyond their limits in order to adapt to new loads, only then they will begin to grow and become more resilient. And only then will your thinking begin to develop, when it will go beyond its current capabilities with the help of the necessary load. Therefore, ask yourself questions and look for, construct, invent answers to them until you feel that the limit of your mental capabilities has been overcome. The brain must get used to building logical chains, creating cause-and-effect relationships, finding new information with their help, generating new information, connecting images and concepts with each other and constructing from them a complete picture of the world or some particular phenomenon. So try to make automatic decisions as little as possible, no matter how correct they are, so as not to wean your brain to think. You can train your thinking in this way constantly, in any situation - just by being curious about everything that surrounds you and asking yourself more and more questions about what you want to know.

And finally, the last thing I want to tell you about in this article, but not the last one on this issue, is the curiosity I already mentioned above, as well as such a thing as doubt, or better to say, a state of doubt. With the help of doubt and curiosity, you can generate an incredible number of questions, the search for answers to which will allow you to actively develop your thinking. Curiosity encourages a person to look beyond what he knows. With its help, a person can ask questions about a variety of things about which he would like to know as much as possible. And curiosity plus doubts encourage a person to doubt the truths that he already knows. And then he asks a very important question, both for any scientist and for each of us: “Why is something arranged the way it is, and why does something work the way it works?” So curiosity helps us think big and far, and doubt plus curiosity helps us think deep. The main thing is that you, friends, have questions, and you are not content with the answers to them known to you, but are looking for new answers to these questions for you and new answers in general. Then your thinking will work and develop.

I can't help but tell you that I have a very interesting training program that allows you to develop thinking. It comes down to just the two main actions I described above - the ability to ask yourself questions and the ability to find answers to them with the help of other questions. This program is very unusual, you probably have not come across anything like this in your life, because, as far as I know, few places teach the ability to ask questions, especially to yourself, basically everywhere people are taught something with the help of ready-made answers. So for those who are interested, you can try to pump your brain in an unusual, but very useful way for the development of thinking.

Finally, I would like to briefly tell you how you can benefit from a very developed mindset so that you do not lose motivation to work on its development. In our time, friends, knowledge is no longer the power it used to be. They are still very important and they need to be received, but it is thinking that comes to the fore in importance. Whoever has it more developed is stronger, or, if you like, more successful in life. And knowledge today quickly becomes obsolete, and it is available to many. Today, almost everyone can get the necessary knowledge, the necessary information - at any time and in any place. In the same cell phone, you can download as much information as you will not be able to master in your entire life. And search engines answer any questions faster and more accurately than any, even a very smart person. Therefore, it is not so important to know a lot, it is much more important to be able to correctly use the knowledge you have and find, or even better, invent new knowledge and create new information. And in order to work productively with different information and benefit from it, you need to have developed thinking. It will help you quickly solve any problems and tasks.

Thinking is an integral part of human life. The definition of this concept was given in antiquity. Scientists and thinkers have been interested in this issue at all times. And to date, this phenomenon cannot be considered fully understood.

History of the study of thinking

At all times, scientists were interested in such a phenomenon as thinking. The definition of this concept was given in the ancient period. At the same time, special attention was paid to cognizing the essence of invisible phenomena. was the first to raise this issue. It is to him that mankind owes the appearance of such concepts as truth and opinion.

Plato considered this issue a little differently. He believed that thinking is a cosmic entity that the human soul possessed before entering the earthly body. He believed that this is not a creative activity, but a reproductive one, aimed at "remembering" the knowledge that was "forgotten". Despite the rather fantastic reasoning, it is Plato who deserves the merit in studying such a concept as intuition.

Aristotle gave a thorough explanation of what thinking is. The definition included such categories as judgment and inference. The philosopher developed a whole science - logic. Subsequently, on the basis of his research, Raymond Lully created the so-called "thinking machine".

Descartes perceived thinking as a spiritual category, and considered systematic doubt to be the main method of cognition. Spinoza, in turn, believed that this is a physical mode of action. The main merit of Kant was the division of thinking into synthetic and analytical.

Thinking: Definition

The processes occurring in the human brain have always aroused increased interest. Therefore, there are many theories about what thinking is. The definition suggests the following: it is a cognitive activity that is carried out by a person. This is a kind of way of perception and reflection of reality.

The main result of mental activity is a thought (it can manifest itself in the form of awareness, concept, idea, or in other forms). At the same time, this process should not be confused with sensation. Thinking, according to scientists, is inherent only to humans, but animals and lower forms of life organization also have sensory perceptions.

It is worth noting a number of distinctive features that characterize thinking. The definition of this term gives the right to say that it allows you to receive information about those phenomena that cannot be perceived through direct contact. Thus, the relationship of thinking with analytical abilities is noted.

It is worth noting that a person's ability to think manifests itself gradually, as the individual develops. So, when a person cognizes the norms of the language, the characteristics of the environment and other forms of life, it begins to acquire new forms and deep meanings.

Signs of thinking

Thinking has a number of defining features. The following are considered the main ones:

• this process allows the subject to navigate in interdisciplinary relationships, as well as to understand the essence of each specific phenomenon;
• it arises on the basis of existing theoretical knowledge, as well as previously performed practical actions;
• the thought process is always based on fundamental knowledge;
• as it develops, thinking can go far beyond the limits of practical activity and existing ideas about certain phenomena.

Basic mental operations

The definition of the word "thinking" at first glance does not reveal the whole essence of this process. To better understand its meaning, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the basic operations that reveal the essence of the term:

• analysis - division of the studied subject into components;
• synthesis - the identification of relationships and the unification of disconnected parts;
• comparison - identification of similar and different qualities of objects;
• classification - identification of the main features with subsequent grouping according to them;
• concretization - the allocation of a certain category from the total mass;
• generalization - combining objects and phenomena into groups;
• abstraction - the study of a particular subject independently of others.

Aspects of thinking

Thinking and approach to problem solving are influenced by significant aspects that are formed in the process of human life. It is worth noting the following significant points:

• the national aspect is the mentality and specific traditions that are historically embedded in a person living in a certain area;
• socio-political norms - are formed under the pressure of society;
• personal interests are a subjective factor that can affect the final solution of a problematic issue.

Types of thinking

As already mentioned, even in the ancient period, this concept was defined. The types of thinking are:

• abstract - implies the use of associative symbols;
• logical - established constructions and common concepts are used;
• abstract-logical - combines the operation of symbols and standard constructions;
• divergent - search for several equal answers to the same question;
• convergent - allows only one correct way to solve the problem;
• practical - implies the development of goals, plans and algorithms;
• theoretical - implies cognitive activity;
• creative - aims to create a new "product";
• critical - checking available data;
• spatial - the study of an object in all the variety of its states and properties;
• intuitive - a fleeting process with a lack of clearly defined forms.

Phases of thinking

Researchers pay attention to the active, dynamic nature of thinking. Considering that its main goal is to solve problems, the following main phases can be distinguished:

• awareness of the presence of a problem (is the result of a flow of information that has been processed over a certain period of time);
• search for a possible solution and the formation of alternative hypotheses;
• comprehensive testing of hypotheses for their applicability in practice;
• problem solving is manifested in getting an answer to a problematic question and fixing it in the mind.

Levels of thinking

Determining the level of thinking first interested Aaron Beck, who is rightfully considered the father of cognitive psychology. He believed that at the unconscious level, a person is guided by beliefs and established patterns. In this regard, the following levels of thinking are distinguished:

• arbitrary thoughts that are on the surface of consciousness (they are easy to realize and control);
• automatic thoughts are some stereotypes that have become established both in society and in the mind of a person (in most cases they are laid down in the process of education and training);
• cognitive beliefs are complex constructs and patterns that arise at the unconscious level (they are difficult to change).

Thinking Process

The definition of the process of thinking says that it is a set of actions by which a person solves certain logical problems. As a result, fundamentally new knowledge can also be obtained. This category has the following features:

• the process is indirect;
• relies on previously acquired knowledge;
• largely depends on the contemplation of the environment, but is not reduced to it;
• connections between different categories are reflected in verbal form;
• is of practical importance.

Qualities of the Mind

The definition of the level of thinking is inextricably linked with the definition. These include the following:

• independence - the ability to generate original ideas and thoughts without resorting to the help of others, without using standard schemes and without succumbing to outside influence;
• curiosity - the need for new information;
• speed - the time that passes from the moment the problem is recognized to the generation of the final solution;
• breadth - the ability to apply knowledge from different industries to the solution of the same problem;
• simultaneity - the ability to look at a problem from different angles and generate versatile ways to resolve it;
• depth is the degree of mastery of a particular topic, as well as understanding the essence of the situation (implies an understanding of the causes of certain events, as well as the ability to foresee a further scenario for the development of events);
• flexibility - the ability to take into account the specific conditions in which a problem arises, moving away from generally accepted patterns and algorithms;
• consistency - establishing the exact sequence of actions in solving problems;
• criticality - the tendency to deeply evaluate each of the emerging ideas.

What methods of determining the level of thinking are known?

The researchers noted that the thought processes of different people proceed differently. In this regard, there is a need for such work as determining the level of logical thinking. It should be noted that quite a lot of methods have been developed on this issue. The following are most commonly used:

• "20 words"- This is a test that helps to identify a person's ability to memorize.
• "Anagrams"- a technique that is aimed at determining the ability to combinatorial thinking. Also, the test allows you to identify the propensity to communicate.
• "Identification of significant features"- a method for determining thinking, which is designed to reveal a person's ability to distinguish between primary and secondary phenomena.
• "Learning Words"- determines the extent to which the abilities associated with the memorization and reproduction of information are developed. The test also allows you to assess the state of memory and concentration in people suffering from mental illness.
• "Quantitative relations"- a test for the level of logical thinking in adolescents and adults. The conclusion is made on the basis of the solution of 18 tasks.
• "Link's Cube"- this is a technique that is aimed at identifying a person's special abilities (observation, a tendency to analyze, the ability to identify patterns, etc.). By solving constructive problems, one can assess the degree of ingenuity of a person.
• "Building a Fence"- a test for the level of development of thinking. It is revealed how well the subject understands the final goal, how accurately he follows the instructions. The pace and coordination of actions are also considered determining factors.

How to develop thinking: step by step instructions

If the test for the definition showed unsatisfactory results, do not immediately give up. You can develop this ability in the following way:

• write down your ideas, as well as the progress of solving the problem (this allows you to use more parts of the brain);
• pay attention to logic games (the most striking example is chess);
• buy several collections of crosswords or puzzles and devote all your free time to solving them;
• in order to activate brain activity, it is necessary (this may be an unexpected change in the daily routine, a new way of performing habitual actions);
• physical activity (it is best to give preference to dancing, as they make you constantly think and remember the pattern of movements);
• engage in fine arts, which will help you find new ways to present your ideas;
• force your brain to absorb new information (you can start learning a foreign language, watch a documentary, read an encyclopedia section, etc.);
• approach problem solving systematically, not chaotically (this process includes an established sequence of stages - from recognizing the problem to developing a final solution);
• do not forget about rest, because in order for the brain to work most productively, it needs time to recover.

Thinking and psychology

It is worth noting that this concept is very actively studied in psychology. The definition of thinking is simple: the totality of processes of mental activity on which cognitive activity is based. This term is associated with such categories as attention, association, perception, judgment, and others. It is believed that thinking is one of the highest functions of the human psyche. It is considered as an indirect reflection of reality in a generalized form. The essence of the process is to identify the essence of objects and phenomena and establish relationships between them.

In this article we will talk about the types of thinking and their development. In the modern world, without the ability to think outside the box, it is very difficult to get into people. A person is not if he does not develop his thinking. After all, if you look closely at rich people, we will find that they all have developed non-standard thinking. All outstanding people think differently than ordinary people, therefore they have exceptional results. So how to develop thinking? More on that below.

How to develop creative thinking?

How to develop imagination? I will not talk about how deductive and inductive thinking develops, I will rather focus on the development of creative thinking. Most people have a problem with this kind of thinking. We are accustomed in school and student years to be guided by the logic that our imagination has atrophied. Why am I so bold about this? My observations of people, analytics and logic helped me see this. If you have been reading me for a long time, then you know that I go to dances, do acting, study English. In acting classes, the teachers made us come up with miniature scenes. I do not want to brag, but such tasks were given to me easily and simply. I had serious problems with the solution of equalities, inequalities, logarithm, but I never had any inventing jokes. So I noticed how many people can’t come up with anything at all, they can’t even play their ready-made roles normally.

It's the same at dancing: what the teacher gave, the person learned. There we learn ligaments and sometimes freestyle. Few people go to freestyle, because it also needs imagination plus courage. Many people are afraid to show themselves. It's easier to memorize the link and that's it. So, any combination can be altered for yourself, some movements can be removed, some can be added. The teachers don't mind it. But for some reason, of all people, I'm the only one doing this? I don’t change anything drastically, I just add my movements somewhere. Other people stupidly memorize movements.

The problem is the same in English courses. People stupidly perform exercises and do nothing. The task was to compare animals. There were pictures of animals, and at the bottom there were ready-made options, you had to read them correctly. For example: big/rhino/elephant. Correct Answer: An elephant is bigger than a rhino. Any dumbass can do it. We worked in pairs, I worked with one not very ... generally uncreative girl. I tell her, compare a bear (bear) with a giraffe (giraffe). So she answered me that there is no such option in the task (I mean in the list of ready-made answers). I insisted that she try to come up with her own version, not ready, and she did it. She said: A bear is stronger than a giraffe. I said: A giraffe is taller than a bear and more yellow than a bear.

To develop creative thinking, a person needs to constantly invent something, remake it for himself, create and compose. What are your brains for? Read the article -. Even if you come up with complete nonsense, it's better than stupidly following the system, being like everyone else, thinking like everyone else, doing like everyone else. Successful and rich people have become successful because they are guided by imagination.

On this article on the development of thinking and types of thinking came to an end. I wish you big brains and endless creative imagination. Chao!

development of thinking, types of thinking, how to develop thinking

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