Speaking about the sights of Moscow, one cannot but mention the House of the Noble Assembly, which was renamed the House of the Unions in the Soviet era. This ancient building was designed and built in 1775, and will certainly appeal to connoisseurs of architecture and travelers alike.

The history of this building, which was built in 1784 by decree of V. M. Dolgorukov-Krymsky, is very interesting. Noble receptions were held here, hence the corresponding name - the House of the Noble Assembly

In the following decades, the structure was modernized and rebuilt several times. Of the major changes - the addition of the third floor and a completely changed facade, as well as a columned hall on the site of the former courtyard. The building was also damaged during the famous Moscow fire of 1812; the architect Bakarev was involved in its restoration.

The October Revolution also left its mark on the history of the Noble Assembly. At what it was the most cardinal imprint. In 1917, the building passed into the subordination of the Trade Unions, and concerts for workers began to be held here, which were often attended by Lenin and Krupskaya. The building became known as the House of the Unions, New Year trees for children, conferences and concerts were also held here. Another significant event in the life of the Noble Assembly, and now the House of Unions, was the farewell to Joseph Stalin, which took place in the large columned hall

The material about this outstanding place was prepared with the support of BookingMoscow, a convenient hotel booking service in Moscow. If you plan to devote a few days to sightseeing in Moscow, in any case, you need to choose and book a good hotel where you can relax and gain strength after tiring excursions. One of these options is the Salut Hotel, where the quality of service and inexpensive prices are well combined.

Some time ago I visited this historical place, but only now it became possible to make out the photo and provide the photos with a story.

The building of the Noble Assembly was built at the end of the 18th century for Prince V.M. Dolgoruky-Krymsky, Moscow commander-in-chief in 1780-82. In 1784, his house was purchased from the prince's heirs by the Moscow Noble Assembly.
For the Noble Assembly, the building was rebuilt by the architect M.F. Kazakov in 1784-87, who united the buildings in the Dolgorukov estate and equipped the hall of columns.
The building was rebuilt in 1811, then after a fire it was restored in 1814 by Kazakov's student A.N. Bakarev.
In 1903-05. architect A.F. Meisner built on the building and gave it a modern look.
In 1917, the building was handed over to the trade unions, well, it was called the "House of Unions". Concerts, political processes, public congresses, New Year trees, chess competitions, graduations of schools were held here.
Currently, there are fewer politicians in the House of Unions, but social and cultural events are held there. The interior of the building is very beautiful, preserved from the time of noble balls, but at the same time it seemed to me some mixture of noble and Soviet style.
Let's look inside and dwell on some pages of the history of the Noble Assembly.

The Moscow Noble Assembly was established in 1783 by Senator M.F. Soymonov and Prince A.B. Golitsyn. Here is what E.P. Yankova in
« The founder of the meeting was Soimonov, a very respectable and bureaucratic man, he also had a blue (St. Andrew's) ribbon. His wife was Isleniev. Soymonov decided to establish an Assembly for the nobility, and went in with a report to the empress, who gave an approbation and subsequently ordered even to purchase a house for the treasury and granted it to the Moscow nobility».
Initially, public evenings for the nobility were held there, according to the memoirs of E.P. Yankova, " the ladies gathered with work, the young ladies danced, men and old women played cards, there were few dancing”, but all the nobility had to gather in beautiful dresses, expensive clothes. While the building on Dmitrovka was being equipped, the evenings were held in Tatishcheva's house on Mokhovaya. The "season" of the Assembly was from November 24 (Catherine II's name day) to April 21 (her birthday).

At the beginning of the 19th century, receptions and balls in the Moscow Noble Assembly acquired greater brilliance. Alexander I appropriated the name of the Russian Noble Assembly to the Moscow Noble Assembly. On holidays, only nobles were allowed to the Noble Assembly. The participants in the meeting could invite their acquaintances, but vouch for their nobility and decent behavior.
So A.S. Pushkin at the end of 1826-beginning of 1827, after returning from exile, attended holidays in the Noble Assembly at the invitation of friends. On February 8, 1827, he himself became a member of the Noble Assembly and was able to invite Brother Leo with him to the masquerade.

In the 7th chapter of "Eugene Onegin" A.S. Pushkin brings his heroine Tatyana to the Noble Assembly.
LI
She is also brought to the Assembly.
There is tightness, excitement, heat,
The roar of music, the sparkle of candles,
Flashing, whirlwind of fast couples,
Beauties light dresses,
People full of choirs,
Brides a vast semicircle,
All the senses strike suddenly.
Here they seem dandies note
Your impudence, your vest
And an inattentive lorgnette.
Holiday hussars come here
They rush to appear, to thunder,
Shine, captivate and fly away.
LIII
Noise, laughter, running around, bows,
Gallop, mazurka, waltz... meanwhile,
Between two aunts at the column,
Not noticed by anyone
Tatyana looks and does not see
The excitement of the world hates;
It's stuffy here...
LIV
So her thought wanders far:
Forgotten and light and noisy ball,
And meanwhile, he does not take his eyes off her
Some important general.
Aunts blinked at each other
And Tanya was pushed with an elbow,
And each whispered to her:
- Take a quick look to the left. -
"Left? where? what is there?"
Well, whatever it is, look...
In that pile, see? ahead,
Where there are two more in uniforms...
Here he departed ... now he became sideways ... -
"Who? is this general fat?
LV
But here congratulations on the victory
Tatiana my dear

And who did Pushkin himself meet in the Noble Assembly?
(Portrait of Pushkin, artist Vivienne, late 1826)

At the end of 1826, at a masquerade, he first met Ekaterina Ushakova, who became a devoted friend to the poet.

On Tuesdays there were receptions in the Noble Assembly, and during Great Lent there were concerts. At one of these concerts on March 19, 1829, Pushkin renews his acquaintance with Natalia Goncharova, and a month later he wooed her.

Red carpets take us back from the beautiful staircase to the appearance of the Soviet-era house of culture.

But there are also objects of ancient interiors.

In 1849, the Russian Noble Assembly was transformed, its building became the property of the Moscow nobility, a new charter was adopted, according to which it was allowed to invite honorary citizens, merchants of the 1st guild, and artists to the Assembly.

The wind of change has blown into the halls. In 1856, Alexander II told the Moscow nobles about the need to abolish serfdom.

Concerts were held in the Noble Assembly. Meetings were held for cultural events. F.M. Dostoevsky read a speech dedicated to the opening of the monument to A.S. Pushkin.

Members of the imperial family and invited persons in the Hall of Columns of the Russian Noble Assembly during a gala dinner. Photo April 1900. Taken here http://jw.at.ua/news/2008-04-09-286

Staircase to mezzanine floor

kz

A magnificent hall and red chairs, worthy of a provincial cinema of the 1980s.

Some old photos of the Noble Assembly
Jewelry on the occasion of the coronation of Nicholas II.

I lived for many years in the south-west of the capital and countless times passed and drove past long fences, behind which, as it turned out, one of the best preserved and hard-to-reach Moscow estates was hidden. If you type in the search engine "Cheryomushki-Znamenskoye estate", you will get quite a lot of information. But there is no main answer: why are they not allowed into the estate?

The history of the estate is as follows. The first mention of it dates back to the time of Alexei Mikhailovich. The first owner was Prince P.I. A large orchard was laid out here, vegetable gardens were planted, cattle and poultry yards were arranged, which supplied food to the Moscow house of the Prozorovskys. The main transformations in Cheryomushki began under F. I. Golitsyn. Cheryomushki became an entertaining country residence, in 1735-1739 the Church of the Sign was built, parks and gazebos were arranged. The estate was visited twice by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. For some time the estate belonged to the merchant Vyrodov. With 1783 S. A. Menshikov, the grandson of an associate of Peter I, became the new owner of Cheryomushki. He rebuilt the main house in the classical style. At the same time, a tea house, a horse yard and a dairy house were built. The entrance to the estate was decorated by a birch alley, and the total area of ​​the ensemble has almost tripled. A grandiose greenhouse economy was developed in the estate. In 1870 Cheryomushki was bought by a wealthy breeder Vasily Ivanovich Yakunchikov. He rented out the entire territory of the estate as dachas, except for the main house, in which he himself lived in the summer. The plan of the estate of that time looked like this.

After the revolution, the estate was used as a rest home for workers and a veterinary institute, and since 1945 the territory was transferred to special laboratory No. 3, created by decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR for a nuclear project. Experimental and design developments, as well as the construction and commissioning of nuclear reactors, were headed by A.I. Alikhanov and his closest assistants - VV Vladimirsky and S. Ya. Nikitin. For the scientific guidance of the theoretical works of A.I. Alikhanov attracted Lev Landau.The first in the USSR (and in Europe) heavy-water research nuclear reactor TVR was commissioned in 1949 (design began in 1947, decommissioned in 1987). Now here is the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. On the modern Yandex map, the territory of the estate looks like this. A dense park with a large pond in the middle is perfectly visible. This entire territory is bounded by Sevastopol Avenue (from the east), Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya and Krzhizhanovsky Streets (from the west), Nakhimovsky Avenue (from the south) and Dmitry Ulyanov Street (from the north). Let's see what it looks like upon closer inspection.

I started my tour from the intersection of Sevastopolsky and Nakhimovsky prospects.

After the buildings occupied by the construction market, the territory of the Institute of Physics begins, as indicated by the chimney.

Where the territory of the former estate begins, you can immediately understand along the long alley of ancient linden trees that separate the Institute from Sevastopol Avenue.

Behind the fence are outbuildings in a deplorable state and old cars.

More solid buildings are visible, but also with the stamp of desolation.

And here is the passageway.

At least take a look inside. But no. Neither the main house of the estate nor the pond can be seen.

Well, let's try to consider something from Bolshaya Cheryomushkinskaya Street. There is a familiar fence and nothing is visible.

The fence is clearly in need of repair. On the left, across the road is the former household part of the estate.

And here is the second pass. Well, finally, you can at least look at the palace from a distance through the double belt of fences.

For lovers of antiquity, the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics has launched a website where you can read about the history of the estate and see photos. Main house.

Church of the Sign.

Pond.

Across Bolshaya Cheryomushkinskaya Street is the second part of the estate - the former utility yard, where the Institute of Helminthology named after academician K.I. Scriabin. The huge room of the former arena housed a collection of exhibits of the Museum of Helminthology, unique in our country and in Europe (no access).

I went around all the buildings around. There is no free passage, like the physicists.

And the area is decent.

What secrets hide behind the walls? I think. that this is the secret of the value of land. Both establishments give the impression of "breathing incense". It goes without saying that the proposal to relocate the Institutes to more suitable premises, and to give the former estate for the needs of culture and recreation. But no. Serious uncles are sitting somewhere and figuring out how to unscrew a good investment project on this land.

The secret of the secret estate
Historical places of Moscow

I lived for many years in the south-west of the capital and countless times passed and drove past long fences, behind which, as it turned out, one of the best preserved and hard-to-reach Moscow estates was hidden.

If you type “Cheryomushki-Znamenskoye Estate” in the search engine, you will get quite a lot of information. But there is no main answer: why are they not allowed into the estate? The history of the estate is as follows.

The first mention of it dates back to the time of Alexei Mikhailovich. The first owner was Prince P.I. A large orchard was laid out here, vegetable gardens were planted, cattle and poultry yards were arranged, which supplied food to the Moscow house of the Prozorovskys. The main transformations in Cheryomushki began under F. I. Golitsyn. Cheryomushki became an entertaining country residence, in 1735-1739 the Church of the Sign was built, parks and gazebos were arranged. The estate was visited twice by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. For some time the estate belonged to the merchant Vyrodov. Since 1783, S. A. Menshikov, the grandson of an associate of Peter I, became the new owner of Cheryomushki. He rebuilt the main house in the classical style. At the same time, a tea house, a horse yard and a dairy house were built. The entrance to the estate was decorated by a birch alley, and the total area of ​​the ensemble has almost tripled. A grandiose greenhouse economy was developed in the estate. In 1870 Cheryomushki was bought by a wealthy breeder Vasily Ivanovich Yakunchikov. He rented out the entire territory of the estate as dachas, except for the main house, in which he himself lived in the summer. The plan of the estate of that time looked like this.

2.

After the revolution, the estate was used as a rest home for workers and a veterinary institute, and since 1945 the territory was transferred to special laboratory No. 3, created by decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR for a nuclear project. Experimental and design developments, as well as the construction and commissioning of nuclear reactors, were headed by A.I. Alikhanov and his closest assistants - VV Vladimirsky and S. Ya. Nikitin. For the scientific guidance of the theoretical works of A.I. Alikhanov attracted Lev Landau. The first in the USSR (and in Europe) heavy-water research nuclear reactor TVR was commissioned in 1949 (design began in 1947, decommissioned in 1987). Now here is the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics.

On the modern Yandex map, the territory of the estate looks like this. A dense park with a large pond in the middle is perfectly visible. This entire territory is bounded by Sevastopol Avenue (from the east), Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya and Krzhizhanovsky Streets (from the west), Nakhimovsky Avenue (from the south) and Dmitry Ulyanov Street (from the north). Let's see what it looks like upon closer inspection.

3.

I started my tour from the intersection of Sevastopolsky and Nakhimovsky prospects.

4.

After the buildings occupied by the construction market, the territory of the Institute of Physics begins, as indicated by the chimney.

5.

Where the territory of the former estate begins, you can immediately understand along the long alley of ancient linden trees that separate the Institute from Sevastopol Avenue.

6.

Behind the fence are outbuildings in a deplorable state and old cars.

7.

8.

More solid buildings are visible, but also with the stamp of desolation.

9.

And here is the passageway.

10.

At least take a look inside. But no. Neither the main house of the estate nor the pond can be seen.

11.

Well, let's try to consider something from Bolshaya Cheryomushkinskaya Street. There is a familiar fence and nothing is visible.

12.

The fence is clearly in need of repair. On the left, across the road is the former household part of the estate.

13.

And here is the second pass. Well, finally, you can at least look at the palace from a distance through the double belt of fences.

14.

For lovers of antiquity, the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics has launched a website where you can read about the history of the estate and see photos. Main house.

16.

Across Bolshaya Cheryomushkinskaya Street is the second part of the estate - the former utility yard, where the Institute of Helminthology named after academician K.I. Scriabin. The huge room of the former arena housed a collection of exhibits of the Museum of Helminthology, unique in our country and in Europe (no access).

Immediately after the acquisition of Cheryomushki S.A. Menshikov overhauled the estate. To these works, he attracted a graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (later an academician) F.-K.-H. Wilster, according to whose project, completed in 1786-1787, a stone two-story manor house, which has survived to this day, was built, placed on place of the previous one (in the literature for a long time the construction of Cheryomushki was erroneously associated with the so-called Kazakov school, i.e. with Moscow architects). It is possible that it was F.-K.-H.Wilster who designed other structures erected in Cheryomushki simultaneously with the construction of the manor house. Then the ensemble of the courdoner (front courtyard) was re-designed, a huge "Economia" complex was built, combining service and outbuildings. All of them, like the master's house, are made in classic forms and still determine the artistic appearance of Cheryomushki.

In 1815, Cheryomushki was inherited by the wife of Sergei Alexandrovich, Princess Ekaterina Nikolaevna Menshikova, nee Golitsyna (1746-1832), who in her youth was famous for her beauty and free lifestyle. "Pioneer" Cheryomushki Yu.I. Shamurin sadly stated the almost complete absence of memoir sources about this estate, as under E.N. Menshikova, and with her husband: “Moscow everyday writers of the beginning of the 10th! 10th century, willingly and at length talking about, and Ostankino, do not say anything about Cheryomushki. The owners of the Menshikov estate were not widely popular in Moscow, they were not distinguished by either hospitality or quirks, the main trumps of fame in Moscow at the beginning of the 19th century. Their estate does not wear a luxurious ostentatious appearance; it is a beautiful and comfortable dwelling of a cultured noble family." There is reason to believe that at the time of E.N. Menshikova accounted for construction work, during which part of the estate buildings was reconstructed and acquired stylistic features characteristic of the Moscow architectural tradition of the post-fire time.

During her time, the name of the head of the Moscow circle of "Lyubomushki" poet D.V. was associated with Cheryomushki. Venevitinov. He visited the estate of E.N. Golitsyna in the 1820s.

In 1832, Cheryomushki, along with other estates, was inherited by the sons of the owner - princes Alexander (1787-1869) and Nikolai (1790-1863) Sergeevich Menshikov (historian of the Russian court of the 19th century, Prince P.V. Dolgorukov believed that the real father of A.S. Menshikov was a Swedish emigrant, Count Gustav-Mauritius Armsfeld (1757-1814), who was a member of the State Council in Russia).

In Cheryomushki N.S. Menshikov almost constantly carried out construction work. The park underwent a significant reconstruction, in which the directions of some paths were changed. In addition, the park was decorated with two pavilions made in the traditions of classicism architecture: "Milovida", placed in line with the previously built Tea House, and a small pavilion like a mausoleum with a four-columned portico, located in the dammed part of the park. Such "mausoleums", which served as a reminder of eternity, were one of the favorite park ideas in many estates: Pavlovsk, Yaropolets, Volokolamsk district, Kaluga province and others. New laundry, human, kitchen outbuildings and other buildings were built, the Tea House, greenhouses and soil sheds were rebuilt.