Summary of the GCD on experimental activities in the middle group "Volcano Eruption"
Vasilkova Tatyana Leonidovna, a teacher of preschool children in the Oktyabrsky kindergarten, Kaluga region, Ferzikovsky district, Oktyabrsky village.
Purpose: to help educators, teachers of additional education, to conduct a lesson-experiment.
Integration of educational areas: cognitive development,
Social and communicative development,
speech development,
Physical development,
Artistic and aesthetic development.
Types of children's activities: Cognitive research, communicative, playful, productive.
Location: the premises of the "Hare" group.
Members: Children, educator.
Target: To introduce children to such a natural phenomenon as a volcano, its structure. Contribute to the accumulation of ideas about the world around. Show children an experiment - a volcanic eruption.
Tasks:
- To form an interest in the world around;
-to develop curiosity in children, cognitive activity in the process of performing experience, communication skills, develop interest in experimental research activities;
-expand and activate the vocabulary of children based on emerging ideas about the world: lava, vent, volcano, ash, dormant volcano, active volcano.
- to strengthen the health of children using health-saving technologies: dynamic pauses, finger gymnastics.
_to create an emotional mood in the group for joint activities, to form a friendly attitude towards each other in children.
Equipment: Tray, model of a volcano, vinegar, soda, gouache, detergent, illustrations depicting a volcano, sheets of paper, pencils, a scheme for conducting the experiment "Volcano Eruptions", a toy "Luntik", a presentation on the topic: "Volcanoes", a folder "Young researchers" , safety signs.
Preliminary work: Looking at books about the world around us, about volcanoes, watching cartoons about volcanoes (“Leonardo Season 1, Episode 10 “In the Mouth of the Volcano”, “Lava” from PIXAR full version in Russian, “Weekdays at the airport “Volcano Eruption””)
Methods and techniques:
Verbal methods: clarifications, polls, art word, conversation, questions, promotions.
Practical Methods: joint actions of the educator and children, schemes for conducting experiments.
Literature:
1. Raviza F.V. "Simple experiments" M.1997
2. Ivanova A. I. "Children's experimentation as a teaching method" Office of preschool educational institution No. 4 2004
3. Solovieva E. "How to organize the search activities of children" Preschool education No. 1 2005
4. Perelman Ya.I. "Entertaining tasks and experiments" Yekaterinburg
moveDirectly educational activities.
The children enter the group.
The teacher invites everyone to stand in a circle and play.
The game is a welcome.
Our smart heads (hold your head with your hands),
They will think a lot, deftly (swing their heads to the right, to the left).
Ears will listen (hands to take the ears),
Mouth speak clearly (clearly pronounce these words).
Hands will clap (hand clap)
Feet will stomp (feet stomp).
The backs straighten
Friend, friend, smile! (Children smile at each other, friend)
Educator: Guys, have you noticed that guests have come to us today?
Children: Yes!
Educator: And let's first say hello to the guests, and then share our good mood and our smiles. And send our smiles with an air kiss! Well done!
Surprise moment. There is a puddle on the floor.
Educator: Oh, guys, what is this puddle on our floor?
Assumptions of the guys. At this time, sobs are heard and the Luntik toy appears.
Educator: And so you shed your tears here? What happened to you?
Luntik: My grandfather Shershulya gave me a very interesting riddle, but I still can’t solve it. So I got upset. Can you help me solve it?
Educator: Let's help Luntik solve the riddle?
Children: Yes, of course!
Luntik makes a riddle.
I am a terrible black giant,
What should I do - I decide for myself
Can I sleep, can I growl
Spew fire and ashes
Well, try to guess
What is my name?
Children: We know! It's a volcano!
Luntik: Guys, what good fellows you are! And what is this - a volcano?
Educator: Now I will tell you all and show the legend about the ancient god Vulcan. Listen and look attentively (showing a presentation)
Slide #1.There lived a god named Vulcan. He liked blacksmithing: standing at the anvil, hitting iron with a heavy hammer, fanning the fire in the furnace.
Slide #2.He built himself a forge inside a tall mountain. The mountain was right in the middle of the sea. When the volcano worked, the mountain trembled from top to bottom, and the roar and rumble carried far around. Hot stones, fire and ashes flew from the hole on the top of the mountain with a deafening roar. “The volcano is working,” people said with fear and went to live away from the mountain, so that their homes would not be burned down by fire, their gardens and fields would not be covered with ashes. Since then, they say that all fire-breathing mountains began to be called volcanoes.
Slide number 3. Guys, what do you think a volcano looks like? Look at our volcano. (In the presentation and on the layout of the volcano)
Children: On a triangle, a cone.
Educator: Right! What does a volcano erupt?
Children: The volcano spews hot lava, ash, stones.
Slide number 4. Look at our volcano and tell me what the top of the volcano looks like? Maybe Luntik will tell us?
Luntik: The upper part looks like a big hole, a funnel.
Educator: That's right, well done, and it is called the crater of a volcano.
Educator: That's right, the volcano looks like an ordinary mountain, but inside it there is a very hot liquid - magma.
Slide #5 The volcano is considered dormant while the magma lives in its house.
Slide #6. And if a volcano erupts magma, then it is an active volcano.
Guys, now let's tell you and show Luntik how the volcano erupts.
Dynamic pause.
Children squat with their hands up in the form of a cone.
1. Volcanoes started to play
Spew lava from the vent (they begin to rise on their toes, hands up, stretch, shake with brushes, lower down).
2. The volcano is booming! The volcano is puffing!
How ugly he looks now! (hands on the belt, raise them up, clench and unclench fists, stomp your feet).
3. But now he began to get tired,
The fire in it began to fade (we slowly lower our hands with a squat).
4. The last time I breathed fire (sitting a long exhale).
5. And fell asleep for decades! (hands under the cheek, the volcano falls asleep).
Educator: Guys, do you want to wake up the volcano yourself?
Children: Yes, very much!
Teacher: Well then
Get up quickly and smile!
Higher, higher stretched!
Right, left turn! And we run faster forward!
Educator: So we ran to the laboratory. In the laboratory, everything is ready for experiments. Let's see how our volcano will spew lava. But first, let's remember the rules of conduct in our laboratory.
Rules! (Safety signs are made in advance) Now I will put on special protective clothing (robe, cap, gloves).
Educator: Well done!
(Conducting an experiment).
Educator: Luntik and you sit next to us. Let's take a close look at the diagram and do everything exactly as indicated in it! Let's put our "volcano" on the tray. Let's look at the diagram, what do we take first? That's right, 2 tablespoons of soda, pour them into a glass of water. Mix well! A large spoonful of red paint, mix again. Add 1 spoon of washing liquid. Mix. Let's take a watering can, insert it into the mouth of our volcano. Have you got a crater? Well done, right! And now, attention, we are doing everything 2 steps back! our volcano! What are you observing?
Children: The volcano began to erupt.
Educator: And what does he erupt?
Children: Lava!
Educator: Well done! Now you and Luntik have learned what a volcano is and how it erupts! And now let's get back to our chairs, I'll tell you something else about volcanoes.
Slide number 7.Guys, there are a lot of volcanoes on the territory of our country!
Slide #8.The largest volcano is located in Kamchatka, it is called Klyuchevskaya Sopka. Look at him! How big he is!
Slide number 9.Look how beautiful it is at night! A very bewitching sight! But do not forget that it is also very dangerous!
Luntik: Thank you very much! In gratitude to you, I treat you to my favorite strawberry pies that my grandmother baked! Bon appetit! And I will run and tell all my friends about volcanoes! Goodbye!
Educator: Children, did you like our lesson? What did you like the most? (Answers of children). And now let's draw how the volcano erupts! And we will place the most interesting drawings in our daddy “Young
researchers."
Presentation slides.
Slide #1
Slide #2
Slide #3
Slide #4
Slide #5
Slide #6
slide number 7
Slide #8
Slide #9
Slide #10
Thanks friends!
A few more words about the model of the volcano itself. To make it, I took a glass bottle, using plasticine I made the desired shape. I glued it with napkins using PVA glue. After the glue dried, I painted it with gouache, after the gouache dried, I varnished it.
Most likely, I won’t be mistaken if I say that the “Volcano” experiment from soda and vinegar is one of the most spectacular and favorite experiences for kids. Children can repeat it endlessly. But I do not want to do it every time according to the same template. As it turned out, with the same ingredients - soda, vinegar (citric acid) and water - you can come up with quite a few variants of a well-known experience. We will tell you about them.
Required Ingredients
Just in case, let me remind you the ingredients that will be needed to conduct the Volcano experiment:
- soda,
- vinegar, acetic acid or citric acid,
- water.
The ratio of ingredients:
- 100 ml of water, 1 teaspoon of vinegar, 1 teaspoon of soda;
- 1 cup water, 2 teaspoons baking soda, 1 teaspoon citric acid.
I use citric acid more often, as it has no smell, and it is much more comfortable and safer to experience with it.
There are several secrets of how you can add variety to the course of the reaction:
- To make the experience run more rapidly, you can use sparkling water instead of water.
- To delay the start of the reaction a little, do not mix water and citric acid directly. Pre-dissolve citric acid or vinegar in water, and pre-wrap soda in a paper napkin or paper towel.
- The reaction will be more effective if you add a dye to the ingredients (you can use gouache, but dry food dyes for Easter eggs or liquid dyes for homemade soap are more suitable).
- For a thicker and more stable foam, add a drop of detergent to the volcano.
- Also, the reaction will be more interesting if sparkles or small sequins are added to the volcano mixture. The foam coming out of the volcano will also pull out the sequins. In the same way, lava coming out of a real volcano brings stones from deep bowels to the surface of the earth.
Although the Vulkan experience is the same ingredients every time, albeit in different containers, there is something to think about in each case. Questions that you can ask the baby or think about them together, I have identified in the blocks “Things to think about”.
Classic volcano - almost like a real one
The easiest option is to mold a volcano from plasticine or salt dough. It is not necessary to use new plasticine, the plasticine that was used earlier, but now it has turned into a gray mass, is quite suitable. In the volcano that you see in the photo below, we added sequin stars. To bring them to the surface, we had to wake up the volcano several times, each time increasing the amount of ingredients. In the end, everything worked out with 3 teaspoons of soda and 1.5 teaspoons of citric acid. And another tip: sequins are best poured last. And if you have them under reagents, after adding water, quickly stir in the volcano's mouth with a wooden stick.
Another option is a glass or plastic bottle with a tall, narrow neck (I prefer glass because it's more stable). It is very interesting to watch how the foam rises up the narrow neck from the inside up, and then flows down the walls of the volcano.
Having carefully examined our kitchen, we noticed that a funnel is very similar to a volcano. The lower part of the funnel must be covered in several layers with cling film. From above the funnel can be closed with a layer of foil. And, in order to avoid surprises, it is better to put the funnel closed with a film on a tray.
Something to think about. If you don't spare the ingredients and your reaction is violent, you'll end up with a spitting volcano. Discuss with your child why? What causes a volcano in a funnel to spit?
Answer. The neck of the funnel is narrow, carbon dioxide is released rapidly and in large quantities. Hurrying out of the funnel, carbon dioxide captures water with it.
If there is no funnel at hand, you can use the top of a plastic bottle instead: cut off the top of the plastic bottle (the cut off part can be 7-10 cm high), cover the bottom in several layers with cling film or foil. The volcano is ready - you can make the filling.
Volcano in a glass, or how to make water boil without heat
If you don’t feel like sculpting a volcano, and you don’t have a funnel or a plastic bottle at hand, you can make a volcano in an ordinary glass or jar and it’s interesting to beat it. For example, tell your child that you can make water boil without using an electric kettle or stove.
Dissolve 2 teaspoons of baking soda in 1 glass of water (the glass must not be filled to the top, otherwise your volcano will burst its banks). Pour 1 teaspoon of citric acid into a glass. The water in the glass will “boil” - it will boil. Invite your child to touch the glass. Is he hot? Is the liquid in it hot?
Instead of soda water in this experiment, you can make a solution of vinegar or citric acid (0.5 liters of water - 2.5 teaspoons of citric acid or vinegar). Then you will add not citric acid or vinegar to the glass, but soda.
Things to think about 1. Now pour water into another glass, add 1 teaspoon of citric acid. Nothing will happen. Let the kid express his assumptions, why this happens, what is the magic of water in the first glass.
Add 2 teaspoons of soda to the second glass, now the water will “boil” in this glass as well. Discuss with the baby what is happening, what reaction makes the water “boil”.
Answer. Meeting in water, soda and citric acid interact. This releases carbon dioxide. Since gas is lighter than water, gas bubbles rise to the surface of the water. Here they burst, thereby causing the water to "boil".
If you pour a little of the liquid from each glass before dropping a spoonful of citric acid into glasses of soda water and ordinary water, you will have another way to show that the liquids in glasses are different - add red tea to them. In a glass of plain water, tea will become a little paler, and in a glass of soda water, it will turn blue.
Something to think about 2. Mix baking soda and citric acid in a bowl. Watch, is there anything going on? Nothing.
Answer. To start the reaction between soda or citric acid, the presence of water is necessary, or that one of the components is in the form of a solution.
Something to think about 3. Pour the same amount of citric acid solution into two glasses. In one glass, lower the whole spoon with you, and carefully pour the soda from the spoon into the other glass. In which glass will the volcano turn out to be more violent?
Answer. The volcano will be more violent in the glass where you lowered the entire soda spoon, since in this case more molecules meet, combine and react at once.
You can also compare soda and lemon water volcanic eruptions. With the same amount of ingredients, which one will turn out to be more violent?
boiling lake
What I especially like about this option: you can give the baby two teaspoons, containers of soda and citric acid and give him the freedom to experiment for a while.
You will need: a bowl of water, citric acid, baking soda, 2 teaspoons and a large spoon for stirring. Let the water in the bowl be a lake. Show your child that if you add a little baking soda and citric acid to the lake, the lake will boil. Repeat and let the baby try it himself. And I assure you: until the containers with soda and citric acid are empty, the baby will be busy, and you will have time to do some of your business.
What to think. Try stirring your lake with a spoon or chopstick. Will the lake boil more or less?
Answer. A disturbed volcano erupts harder, because by stirring the water in the lake, we help the soda and citric acid molecules meet faster.
What to think. Add citric acid and soda to the water not at the same time, but one after another. Let's start with citric acid, then add soda. The lake boils and stops boiling. We add a little more soda - nothing happens. What needs to be added? Citric acid. Added. The lake is boiling again. It's gone. Add more citric acid. Nothing. What needs to be added? Soda. Added. The lake is boiling again, and so on.
Answer. Only a certain amount of soda and citric acid can meet and react. If there is too much soda in the water, after the end of the eruption, the excess will settle to the bottom. If there is too much citric acid in the water, the lake will eventually fall asleep as well. To “wake up” the lake again, you need to add what is missing.
Rough River
We had a boiling lake. Why not create a boiling river? Ideally for this purpose, the designer "Funny Slides" from Bauer or "Marbutopia" is suitable. This will be the riverbed. If you do not have such a constructor, you can cut along either a plastic or foam pipe. We will establish the bed of our river in a basin or bath.
We prepare a mixture of soda and citric acid (2: 1 ratio) and a jug or bottle of water. A dye can be added to a mixture of soda and citric acid or to water. We pour this mixture into the bed of our river, then we begin to pour water from above. The water moves down and the river begins to churn.
If you close the opening of the bathtub with a cork in advance, you will get a colored lake below. Let, for example, blue. Follow a red river and your lake will turn purple.
Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?
bombs
Bombs are balls made of baking soda and citric acid that bubbling when placed in water. Except
- 4 tablespoons of soda
- 2 tablespoons citric acid
needed to make bombs
- 1 teaspoon oil (sunflower or olive)
- water in a spray bottle.
You can add dry or liquid dye.
Mix baking soda and citric acid well, add oil and mix again. Flakes will appear. Try to mold the bombs, if they are poorly molded, lightly sprinkle the mixture with water from a spray bottle. A reaction will start, but it's not scary. The main thing is not to overdo it with the amount of water, otherwise there will be an active reaction and the bombs will turn out to be self-exploding.
We make bombs with our hands. If you want to make large bombs, snowballs or transparent blanks for creating Christmas decorations are perfect for this purpose.
Soda and citric acid bombs explode in ordinary water.
By the way, these bombs can also be used for games in the bathroom. And if you add sea salt and a drop of your favorite essential oil to the ingredients, you can arrange a bath with bombs not only for your baby, but also for yourself.
You can make bombs simply from soda with the addition of oil or plain water. As you understand, such bombs will explode only in water to which citric acid or vinegar is added.
What to think. Blind with the baby soda bombs with the addition of oil or plain water. Place two containers of water in front of the baby, add vinegar or citric acid to one of them in advance (I added 2 tablespoons of vinegar or 2 teaspoons of citric acid to the cup that we have).
Throw bombs into two containers at once. The bomb will only explode in one of them. Ask the kid why? You can ask the question in a different way. For example, like this: “Although the liquid in both cups looks the same, in fact, different liquids are poured into the cups: one contains water, the other contains a solution of citric acid. Can you tell what's in each cup without trying the water? The bombs will help you."
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By the way, do not rush to pour out the water into which the soda bomb was bare. Soda solution will come in handy when washing dishes!
Ice Volcanoes
Did you know that ice volcanoes were found on one of Saturn's moons, on one of Pluto's moons and other objects in the solar system? (If you want to learn about ice volcanoes and much more - go with us to .) To see ice volcanoes, it is not necessary to fly so far in a spaceship. Everything can be done at home.
Prepare the soda solution in advance and freeze it in small cubes. You can add dye. Before starting the game, prepare a lemon solution and a syringe. Put a few soda cubes on a flat plate and sprinkle them with lemon water from a syringe. The ice will melt and sizzle and bubble. You can do the opposite: freeze lemon water, and pour water from a syringe.
What to think. Do not reveal to your baby the two main secrets about what water the ice cubes were made from and what water the syringe was filled with. If you've played with volcanoes before, your 5-year-old will probably figure it out for himself.
Something to think about. Before freezing soda or lemon water, add coloring to it. It is very good if you get cubes of red, yellow, blue, white colors. Putting ice cubes on plates for the baby, put yellow and red, yellow and blue, red and blue next to each other. When the volcanoes melt, pay attention to the baby, what color puddles are left of them.
As you can see from the photos, we had cubes of clear, blue, and red soda water. Watching the volcanic eruption, we saw pink, yellow and lots of green. These are the miracles! yes and only!
An ice volcano can also be arranged in a glass: pour water into the glass (not to the very top, otherwise the volcano will immediately burst its banks), add citric acid or vinegar, throw a cube of frozen soda water into the glass. (You can freeze lemon water and make soda water in a glass.) The eruption will begin immediately and will continue for a long time - until the whole cube of soda coda has melted. If you make the soda ice cubes colored, the eruption of an ice volcano becomes visual. Do not forget to draw your child's attention to how the intensity of the color of the liquid in the glass changes as the ice volcano erupts.
The duration of the eruption and visibility are the main advantages of an ice volcano compared to the method when we simply add soda to a solution of citric acid, or vice versa.
You will find more experiments with ice in the article.
rainbow volcanoes
Volcanoes look very impressive when there are several of them, and they are colored. It is convenient to make such volcanoes in containers of the same size. We fill them with a solution of vinegar or citric acid, add a dry or liquid dye, a drop of liquid detergent for a thicker and more stable foam, pour in soda and observe.
Have you heard the joke that soda is a once in a lifetime product? So, this is a witticism for the lazy, because people who are in unison with the times have long been using such a miracle tool not only for cooking, but in treatment, for entertainment and teaching children chemistry and physics. Did not know? Then try a soda volcano for a start, not only children, but also all adult households will be delighted.
How to make a soda volcano
If you are ripe for experiments, then it's time to prepare supplies and work wonders.
Soda volcano - an interesting chemical experiment for kids
What is needed for the experiment
So, to conduct the experiment, you will certainly need soda, the volcano will work only with it, this is the basis of the experiment.
In addition to this component, stock up on the following:
- Vinegar or its acid (it is permissible to replace with citric acid, but then in the form of an aqueous solution).
- Plasticine (ordinary - children's will do). It can also be replaced with salt dough (but more on that later).
- Water (they say that carbonated enhances the reaction, which means the experiment will be brighter).
- Plastic bottle (1 or 1.5 liters) of any shape.
- A palette of colors (any dye, gouache, even the Easter version of the paint will do).
- Foil (it is allowed to replace paper, but thick - it is better to take cardboard).
- The adhesive tape is double-sided.
- Jars or glasses.
- Volcano stand (can be a tray or an unnecessary plastic bucket lid).
- Detergent.
- Rubber gloves for work.
- Rags and water in case of injury - burn "lava".
And, of course, it takes time and imagination, but such a childhood experience can become the highlight of the memory matrix program in adulthood.
Recipes for experiments: TOP 3
Video Bonus: Another Volcano Variant
It is worth trying a few positively proven technologies, especially since such a toy will cost you mere pennies.
Cooking a salt dough volcano: step by step instructions
The "origin" of such a volcano - from the dough allows you to make it "erupt" repeatedly, when other recipes are suitable for only one show.
Step 1. Base. For this method, you will need an empty liter bottle from any drink. The only requirement: plastic. The container must be cut approximately in half. Then, using strips (foil or paper), strengthen the body of the volcano by wrapping. They say the foil keeps its shape better, which is a guarantee for reusable use.
Vinegar is the second most important component, without which the show will not take place.
Step 2. Fixing the structure. Attach the base to the tray or plastic lid with the wide side down using double-sided tape.
Step 3. Mountain slope. Our salt dough will act as such a natural component. Just stick the base on top of the foil, dividing the dough into several parts for convenience.
Step 4. Filling the volcano. Through the neck, alternately place inside the structure a tablespoon of sodium bicarbonate and detergent (the brand does not matter).
Step 5 Volcano Eruption Show. When you're ready for the spectacle, pour a glass of vinegar into the vent. The reaction, as well as the delight of the kids, will not be long in coming.
Is it possible to enhance such an enchanting focus? Difficult, but still real. Just cover the structure with different colors, and the lava can be made in the shade that you or the crumbs like.
Worth paying attention! The dough can be completely replaced with plasticine. Suitable for used.
Divide the dough before sculpting the volcano into parts - it will be easier to form the base
Express method: colorful soda volcano
And how to make a volcano out of soda and vinegar, albeit one-time, but so that instantly, without special purchases and modeling? It's very simple! Although such a show works only once, you will see a mega-colorful and impressive volcano mouth.
Take jars or glasses, different colors of paint, vinegar and soda - where without it, and let's start!
So, set the jars on the tray, you can start with one - for the purity of the experiment. Some attach them with double-sided tape, but this measure is only necessary if you plan to move your volcanoes around the house.
Place the jars at some distance from each other so that they do not touch.
Pour vinegar into the container - approximately in volume up to half the jar. Then add paint, gouache or other dye that you find around the house. And at the end, pour in a spoonful of soda, which will cause a neutralization reaction and, in fact, a volcanic eruption. Be prepared to run out of baking soda and vinegar in the house soon because kids love this technology because it's fast and fun.
Experienced parents say that the ideal container for a volcano is a jar of baby food, check it out!
Long live lava: combine baking soda and citric acid
And in the end - the third recipe, a kind of "golden mean", it will take more time than for express, but much less than for a reusable design. However, do not get tired of experimenting, the kids will appreciate it, you will see for yourself!
Again, jars or glasses will go into action, which, if desired, can also be attached to a tray or other surface with sides with adhesive tape at some distance from each other. But then the technology is different.
From soda and gouache, roll the balls at the rate of one per container. Of course, make them colorful, it will be more interesting! Choose bright colors.
Then fill the cups with water. Experienced experimenters say that the carbonated version will improve the reaction, but this is not a prerequisite. Dissolve citric acid in water (a couple of soup spoons for each container).
Then throw a ball into each cup and admire the colorful lava.
By the way, when different shades of volcanoes on a tray are further mixed into a kaleidoscope of colors, the next show called “rainbow” begins.
Whatever container you plan to bring the volcano to life, consider a lava stand
How it works
What causes a volcanic effect? What is the secret of such an experiment?
Ordinary chemistry: soda is an alkali, vinegar is an acid, which, when combined, give a violent reaction, decomposing already into carbon dioxide, salt and water. During this reaction, you will hear a hiss and notice abundant foam - why not a mini volcano ?!
By the way, if you want the "eruption" to be longer and more violent, increase the dose of sodium bicarbonate.
Didn't you succeed? There are usually 2 reasons for this:
- You added sodium bicarbonate too slowly. To see what the failure was, just take 2 glasses of vinegar and pour soda into one gradually, and into the other in one fell swoop. You will see for yourself that in the second case, the "eruption" was more powerful and, therefore, more effective.
- You mixed citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, while forgetting about water, then, alas, there will be no “eruption” at all, the “work” can immediately be written under the heading “dead volcanoes”. For these two components to react, it is necessary that at least one of them be in an aqueous solution.
Worth paying attention! If you want more foam when erupting, always drip a little liquid detergent into the solution (brand doesn't matter).
Add color to the experiment
Video: making colored volcanoes
Precautions when working with chemicals
The components for experiments, as you already understood, are the “inhabitants” of the kitchen familiar to us, familiar from an early age, meanwhile, this is not a reason to forget about safety precautions - so that the fun does not turn into an accident and children's tears. Soda lava, although not real, can also be hazardous to health.
So, the basic rules during the creation of volcanoes:
- Adults should instruct children that all experiments should take place with their participation (at least passively - if the child is ready to arrange an “eruption” himself, just see if he does everything as it should, correct if necessary).
- It is recommended to carry out experiments in rubber gloves, if possible, goggles.
- During the reaction, you should not come close to the vent, and also stand directly above it, otherwise it can turn into a burn, since the volcano sometimes gives out rather caustic and far-jumping spray.
- If, nevertheless, an injury occurs, immediately wash the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe skin with plenty of water.
- At the end of the show, do not forget to wipe everything thoroughly so as not to damage the furniture, objects, and even the skin later, when you put your hands on the table at the meal.
- Do not dispose of used structures in the trash until all liquid has been drained into the sink. If you have used glasses/jars, wash them thoroughly.
- Always hide all the ingredients so that children are not tempted to repeat the experiment on their own.
Add color to the experiment 
Sometimes the colored balloons for the volcano turn out so beautiful that it's a pity to dissolve them.
These simple rules will help you make the fun memorable in a positive way, and not in a negatively dramatic tone.
Baking soda is your ally to help entertain and educate kids by subtly introducing them to chemistry they can't get their hands on in school.
It seems that quite a lot of interesting ideas are proposed in the next section.
I would also mix cola with mentos
To get around this, I see 3 options:
1. Use another substance that expands strongly without creating a gas (I don't know one).
2. Use non-chemical force to erupt. For example, communicating vessels, we raise one, erupt from the other. Or pump up pressure with a bicycle pump (instead of soda / vinegar in the apparatus from paragraph 3, replace the neck with a nipple)
3. Or leave the gas, but separate the mixture (but then you need a non-trivial device for the volcano), for example, pour condensed milk, dip a straw into it, and start the reaction from above.
For example on this setup:
http://img638.imageshack.us/img638/3518/volcano.gif
where:
1 - condensed milk
2 - soda
3 - neck for pouring vinegar (hermetically sealed)
4 - a straw from which there will be an eruption (the edges of the straw with the neck of the volcano also need to be sealed).
| September 22, 2010, 23:35 |
Vinegar (acetic acid): CH 3 COOH
Soda (sodium carbonate): Na 2 CO 3
When mixed we get:
Na 2 CO 3 + 2 CH 3 COOH =
2 CH 3 COONa + H 2 CO 3
CH 3 COONa - sodium acetate (sodium salt of acetic acid)
H 2 CO 3 - carbonic acid. Which quickly breaks down into CO 2 (carbon dioxide) + H 2 O (water)
Carbon dioxide is much larger in volume than the original substances. Due to him, and there is an expansion with an ejection "over the edge".
| September 23, 2010, 17:57 |
It is known that freshly kneaded dough "rises" well while standing warm. The mechanism is the formation of carbon dioxide bubbles throughout the dough. Since they do not have the opportunity to go outside, they lead to swelling of the dough.
Now we do the following: we prepare the semi-liquid dough in a cold state, place it inside the volcano and begin to actively heat it up. In theory, a strong swelling should begin with the outflow of a real semi-liquid "lava".
| September 28, 2010, 00:19 |
It will need to be heated very strongly, which will lead to a firebrand, because there is not much gas there. And it is unrealistic to accelerate gas formation.
You will need a larger container and make it buoyant so that it is lighter than bubbling water (only foam crumb comes to mind), but you will need to experiment with the ratio of water to foam ... and lava plasticity will be difficult to achieve ...
| Novel | March 17, 2012, 03:04 pm |
Volcano Lemery
The French chemist, pharmacist and physician Nicolas Lemery (1645–1715) also observed something similar to a volcano when, having mixed 2 g of iron filings and 2 g of powdered sulfur in an iron cup, he touched it with a hot glass rod. After some time, black particles began to fly out of the prepared mixture, and the mixture itself, having greatly increased in volume, warmed up so much that it began to glow. Lemery Volcano is the result of a simple chemical reaction between iron and sulfur to form iron sulfide. This reaction proceeds very vigorously and is accompanied by significant heat release.
With an active volcano. The craft is completely made of waste material.
One of the most interesting elements in the world of dinosaurs is the volcano. It is real, Anya really likes it when we launch it. True, she hides dinosaurs in caves in advance so that they do not die.
And today I want to tell you how to make a homemade volcano. By the way, the volcano is interesting not only from the point of view of the game, but also from the point of view of the development of the child. By launching a volcano, you are doing a little chemical experiment, showing a child how baking soda and vinegar can interact together. An older child can be told that the bubbles that are released are carbon dioxide.
First, I'll show you how to make a reusable volcano that can be launched repeatedly. It will take some time to create it. At the end of the article I will tell you about another one - a quick way to create a home volcano.
To create a volcano you will need:
- plastic bottle 1.5 l.;
- plastic lid (for example, from sour cream, mayonnaise, or from a regular plastic disposable round jar);
- adhesive tape masking and ordinary;
- gypsum plaster (or salt dough);
- acrylic paint (or a mixture of gouache with PVA);
- the base for the volcano (we have a plastic substrate for cookies);
- paper or old newspapers;
- foil.
1. Cut a plastic bottle to the desired height, install it in a plastic cap and secure with tape.
You will have a solid base for the volcano.
2. Attach the future volcano to the plastic substrate with adhesive tape. You can also use a piece of plywood as a base.
3. Shape the bottle into a cone shape.
To do this, we tore off small pieces of paper, crumpled them up and laid them out around the volcano and secured them with molar tape, gradually rising up. To prevent the paper from getting wet from plaster, cover it with foil (we also fix the foil with masking tape).
4. Dilute the gypsum plaster to the consistency of very thick homemade sour cream and cover the volcano with it. Try to give relief to the volcano: make something like grooves through which lava flowed and ledges.
Instead of gypsum plaster, you can use it - just overlay the base of the volcano with it, giving it the desired relief.
Alternatively, you can overlay the volcano with paper soaked in glue using the papier-mâché technique.
5. Wait for the volcano to dry and paint it. Use different shades of brown paint. Use red paint to paint traces of lava.
Volcano is ready!
For a volcanic eruption you will need:
- a teaspoon of soda;
- a drop of dishwashing detergent;
- red paint or red food coloring;
Let's get to the fun part! Put a teaspoon of baking soda inside the volcano, pour in red food coloring or red gouache (we used gouache), add a drop of dishwashing detergent. You can pour a little water, but we did without it.
Carefully pour table vinegar into the mouth of the volcano and the eruption begins!
Dishwashing detergent makes the chemical reaction more active - it turns out a lot of beautiful red foam (lava).
And as promised, a simpler version of creating a volcano.
How to make a volcano out of paper and plasticine
Fold a sheet of cardboard into a cone shape and cut off the crown. This will be the shape for the home volcano. Cover it with plasticine from above so that the cardboard looks like a mountain. It is better to place the volcano on a plate or baking sheet so that nothing gets dirty during the eruption.
Place a jar inside the cone (for example, from under baby food or soap bubbles). In a jar, pre-put the mixture for lava (soda, paint, food coloring).
Everything, the volcano is ready. This volcano is very quick to make, it is convenient when you want to show your child a real volcanic eruption right now.
We took the second option for creating a volcano from the book "".
Now you know how to make a volcano. You can experiment!
