E Gorov Vladimir Vasilyevich - commander of the 4th partisan regiment of the 5th Leningrad partisan brigade of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement.

Born on December 31, 1923 in the urban-type settlement of Dedovichi, Pskov Region, in a working-class family. Russian. In 1940 he graduated from Dedovichi high school. He studied at the Leningrad Institute of Civil Air Fleet Engineers (GVF).

Member of the Great Patriotic War since July 1941. The war found Vladimir Yegorov in his native village, where he spent his holidays. Soon he became a partisan and until February 1944 he took an active part in the partisan movement in the Pskov region. During this time, Vladimir Egorov went from an ordinary soldier to the commander of the 4th partisan regiment of the 5th Leningrad partisan brigade of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement.

During the period from 1941 to 1944, the partisans of the regiment under the command of Vladimir Yegorov in open battles, through ambushes and sabotage, derailed 23 enemy echelons, blew up over 10 thousand rails, 18 bridges on highways and railways, destroyed more than 23 thousand kilometers of telegraph and enemy telephone lines, including an important communication line in the area of ​​​​the cities of Dno, Soltsy, carried out 9 successful raids on the location of enemy garrisons, including at the Morino, Lemenka, Dedovichi stations, exterminated more than 2 thousand fascist soldiers and officers, freed thousands Soviet citizens from deportation to Germany. In addition, 3,200 poods of grain were confiscated from the enemy and distributed to the population.

At By order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 2, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Yegorov Vladimir Vasilievich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 3401).

In 1944, the Hero studied at the Higher Naval Engineering School. Dzerzhinsky in Leningrad. In 1959 he graduated from his postgraduate course. Lived and worked in the hero-city of Leningrad (since 1991 - St. Petersburg). Since 1970, captain 1st rank V.V. Egorov - retired. Candidate of military sciences. Died April 8, 1981. He was buried in the hero-city of Leningrad - St. Petersburg at the cemetery "In Memory of the Victims of January 9" (58 plot).

He was awarded the Order of Lenin (04/02/44), the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree (08/02/43), the Red Star (12/30/56), medals "For Courage" (05/15/42), "For Military Merit (12/27/51) , "For the defense of Leningrad", "For the victory over Germany", "XXX years of the SA and the Navy".

Honorary citizen of the city of Luga, Leningrad Region, and the urban-type settlement of Dedovichi, Pskov Region.

The expedition under this name started from the monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square, continued at the monument "Partisan Glory" near Luga and ended in the partisan region in the Pskov region, where in February-March 1942 a food convoy was assembled for besieged Leningrad. Alexander VERETIN, Chairman of the Presidium of the Leningrad United Council of Veterans of the Partisan Movement, Underground Workers and Their Descendants, told us about the details.

PHOTO Valery SHARKUNOV" class="article-img">

Pyotr Ryzhov in 1942 was one of the youngest participants in the food convoy - he was eight years old. The legendary partisan Mikhail Kharchenko, near the monument to whom he was photographed, he had to see personally.
PHOTO Valery SHARKUNOV

The expedition was dedicated to the Leningrad partisans, although for the most part it passed through the Pskov region - through Dedovichi, Dno and Porkhov, the village of Ostraya Luka. And this is not surprising, since the then Leningrad region included the current Pskov region. Thirteen partisan brigades operated in the occupied territory, and all of them were called Leningrad. They were subordinate to the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement, and the fighters took the oath of the Leningrad partisans.

It was from the partisan region, the main part of which fell on the current Dedovichi district of the Pskov region, that the famous food convoy was sent to Leningrad. Last year we went to these places on an expedition dedicated to his 75th birthday, this year - the 100th anniversary of the birth of the legendary partisan Mikhail Kharchenko, one of those who ensured the safe delivery of the convoy.

I want to draw attention to this: there are many important details and nuances associated with the restoration of historical authenticity. The simplest example: in the memorial hall of the monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square, Leningrad partisans awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union are listed. Some were awarded during the war years, starting in 1942, others - on the eve of the twentieth anniversary of the Victory, in 1965. There were twenty of them in total, but for some reason they forgot one on the monument.

We are talking about the oldest in age - Matvey Kuzmich Kuzmin, a peasant of the Velikoluksky district. He was 84 years old. In a sense, he repeated the feat of Ivan Susanin. Just after the partisan convoy, the occupiers began a punitive operation against the partisans and he was forced to be an escort. Matvey Kuzmich managed to send his son to the partisans - to warn where he would lead the enemy detachment. They set up an ambush, and the punishers got caught in the crossfire. But Kuzmin himself died.

The decree on his awarding followed only in 1965. Perhaps this is also due to the fact that he was not included in the payroll of the 2nd Leningrad partisan brigade. We hope that, in fairness, his name will also be included in the list of partisans - Heroes of the Soviet Union, immortalized in the memorial hall of the monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad.

By the way, among them is the youngest of the people's avengers. His name is well known - Leonid Golikov. He was sixteen years old when he ambushed the road and captured important documents of a German officer with plans for fortifications. Golikov died in action in January 1943. Of course, we visited his grave in the village of Ostraya Luka. And there is also an annoying mistake! On the monument is a photograph not of himself, but of his sister.

How could this happen? In 1944, a correspondent and a photojournalist were sent from the central Pravda to these places to prepare a report about the young partisan. But they could not find a picture with his image then. What to do? They went for a trick: they photographed his sister in a partisan hat, almost his age, very similar to him, and passed him off as Lenya Golikov. And in Pravda, just such a portrait was published, which was subsequently reproduced in many publications.

Then they found a real photo, but they did not change the photo on the monument. And it still remains so. We ask the local authorities: "Well, today, what prevents you from installing a genuine photograph?" They answer: “Residents have already got used to it for many years, why disturb them? They will also say that they were deceived before ... ". I think that it is necessary, of course, to restore historical authenticity.

One more detail. The beginning and end of the train route are marked with commemorative steles. On the one in the village of Nivki, the correct date is indicated: March 5, 1942. And near Zhemchugov, where the convoy crossed the front, for some reason it is mentioned that this event took place ... in February. We will strive to correct this unfortunate inaccuracy.

Moreover, there is a version that the current point where the monument is installed is not entirely accurate, the convoy broke through the front line at all in this place. He really planned to pass at Zhemchugov, but the Germans put up a reinforced barrier there, since back in January 1942 a partisan convoy with fodder for the Panfilov division crossed the front line there, and back with weapons and medicines for the partisans.

By the way, today there are only a few people directly involved in those events. The driver Mikhail Kirillov lives in St. Petersburg, who accompanied the convoy. He recently turned ninety years old. Another one is Pyotr Ryzhov, a participant in the food collection. He was then eight years old, he participated in the propaganda team, the raids of which preceded the collection. Now he also lives in St. Petersburg and was one of the organizers of our expedition...

Residents of besieged Leningrad remember how important the food convoy was. But often very little was said about the high price it was paid. Even during the collection of products, six carters were caught by punishers and hanged, including one boy. And when the invaders learned about the safe arrival of the cargo in Leningrad, they were generally furious. By the autumn of 1942, 375 villages in the Dedovichi region alone were leveled, destroyed and burned by the Nazis, including along with the inhabitants. When our troops liberated this region in 1944, it was a lifeless space - only ashes and scorched earth ...

And someone's destinies were still broken, for example, by the "Leningrad affair". One of his victims was Mikhail Nikitin, who led the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement throughout the war. In the mid-1990s, a monument was erected at the cemetery in the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow, on which his name was immortalized. But this is absolutely not enough! We are trying to get a sign on the house at 59 Bolshaya Morskaya Street stating that the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement was located in this building during the war years.

In my opinion, we need to talk more about the role that the partisans played in the battle for Leningrad. March 29, the day the partisan convoy arrived in Leningrad, has long been a memorable day in the Leningrad Region. It should become the same in St. Petersburg. In this we are supported by the public organization "Inhabitants of besieged Leningrad" and many other veteran organizations.

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Partisan business is
That in a dream you do not throw a gun,
And not a moment's rest
And the enemy has not a minute to live.

From partisan poems

The 5th partisan brigade was formed in February 1943 in the village of Rovnyak, Slavkovsky district, Leningrad region - at the winter base of the partisans of the 3rd brigade, the Separate Regiment and local independent detachments, squeezed by punishers in the encirclement. The new brigade was intended for combat operations in the Strugo-Krasnensky district, a fortified stronghold of the invaders. Pinning great hopes on this brigade, the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement (LShPD) took care to strengthen it with a strong command.
5th brigade commander - twice order bearer captain K. D. Karitsky. The commissar of the brigade is Captain I. I. Sergunin. Chief of Staff - Major T. A. Novikov.
Other leading workers of the brigade were also successfully selected. Head of the political department I. I. Isakov, former sailor of the Baltic Fleet, secretary of the Oredezh Republican Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, commander of the partisan detachment, deputy brigade commander for intelligence Major A. I. Ivanov, head of the medical service, military doctor of the III rank V. A. Belkin , the head of communications of the brigade, sergeant L. D. Mironov, like most of the detachment leaders, are regular military men and people of selfless courage.
Initially, the brigade consisted of two detachments. On March 10, 1943, a partisan detachment of junior lieutenant S. N. Chebykin and a combined detachment of sailors, who joined the Karitsky brigade, landed on the ice of Lake Chernozerye (Novorzhevsky district). The route of the 5th brigade to the given area was supposed to be short - a three-four-day throw to the north. The goal is to cut the enemy's transport arteries.
So they assumed. But life turned out differently. On the way of the brigade, in the Slavkovsky and Porkhovsky districts, the so-called "March" punitive expedition began to rage. The villages are conflagrations, the roads are the rumble of tankettes, gun carriages, the tramp of green-coated foreigners. The Nazis were pressing.
A four-week retreat, grueling unequal battles, lack of ammunition and medicines, noticeable losses in people, moving away from the Strugo-Krasnensky district - all this led to a decline in morale in the brigade.
In early April, having received ammunition across the front line, the brigade moved from Valdai to a given area. The strength of the brigade is 700 fighters. It is armed with 399 rifles, 232 machine guns, 29 machine guns, a mortar, grenades, explosives, and a walkie-talkie. Impressive fighting power! But it took three weeks to break through to the north, through the fire barriers of the invaders.
On May 4, the brigade crossed the flooded Cherekha River and stopped at the highway and railway in the Karamyshevo-Uzy station section. The enemy troops were ahead. While they were looking for a gap, the Germans attacked the partisans. Near the village of Teshkovo, the enemy overtook the brigade. The fight lasted all day. Intelligence reported that an enemy convoy with infantry had left Slavkovichi to the battlefield. In order not to be crushed from two fronts, the brigade, breaking away from the Nazis, made a 30-kilometer throw to the south in a day, stopped at the village of Malaya Pustynka, Soshikha district.
On May 16, the brigade again set off to the north. She crossed the railway at the Pskov-Karamyshevo section, under the very nose of the enemy garrisons. The brigade commander led the partisans where the Germans did not expect them.
The risk paid off. Behind were Karamyshevsky and the outskirts of the Novoselsky district. On May 25, Karitsky brought the brigade into a given area, took up all-round defense near the village of Vyazovka - near the Pskov-Luga highway, 15 kilometers from the Warsaw railway. The target is nearby. The people sent on patrol heard the whistles of the locomotive.
But there was no need to rejoice. A German division arrived from the front to rest in the area.
To act in these conditions meant to destroy people. It was necessary to make a decision on which the further fate of the brigade would depend.
Reported to Leningrad. The headquarters was slow to respond. Finally, an order came: the brigade was allowed to leave for the Utorgoshsky district, but with one indispensable condition - to paralyze the Vitebsk railway in the Batetskaya - Soltsy section and local highways.
Since the autumn of 1943, the 5th brigade began its offensive combat operations against the punishers who raged in the Leningrad region.
By that time, the brigade had an impressive amount of weapons. She had 804 rifles, 556 machine guns, 65 light and three heavy machine guns, eight mortars, the same number of anti-tank rifles, six radios, about a hundred pistols of various systems.
But on October 28, 1943, tanks and guns, the infantry of the so-called "Crimean" German division, fell upon the partisan zone and the 5th brigade. The villages of the Utorgoshsky district of Kievets, Vidoki, Ryameshka, Veretye, Krasitsy, Zacherenye and Verezheyka became the scene of two-week battles. The fights were tough. 22 partisans were killed, 54 were seriously wounded; the fate of over 30 fighters is unknown. In the midst of unequal battles with the punishers - on the holiday of November 7 - the horse of K. D. Karitsky ran to the village of Kievets. And alarming news swept through the partisan lines: “The brigade commander was killed! ..”
But Karitsky did not perish; wounded, he flew out of the saddle and fell into a ditch. A fragment and a bullet pierced a thick padded jacket and settled in the muscles of the left upper quadrant.
The surgeon removed the fragment, but did not notice the bullet (Konstantin Dionisevich still carries it in himself). A plane was sent from the headquarters, but the brigade commander refused to evacuate, passing to the regiments: “Alive. I stay in line. Major Karitsky.
With the same plane, the Red Banner was brought from Leningrad and handed over to the brigade. The partisans gave the Leningraders an oath that they would overthrow the punishers. They had more than one victory to their credit. One of the leaders of the punitive expedition, the head of the Utorgosh gendarmerie, was beheaded. Over 200 occupiers lay flat forever in the cold rain. Two tanks destroyed. A bus with aircraft technicians took off, heading along the highway to Luga and to the Gatchina airfield. Two scouts of the brigade entered the Relbitsy airfield, mined and blew up four stacks of bombs, an officer's dormitory, and a fuel truck. Fighting, hard fighting...
By mid-November, the punishers, having not reached their goal, ran out of steam. Their pressure subsided. The initiative passed into the hands of the partisans. Initiative! Which of the military leaders does not dream of her! More than once or twice Karitsky recalled the late commander of the 3rd Alexander German, who did not value anything as much as the combat initiative. And only now, for the first time during the long hard, actually defensive battles, the brigade finally seized the combat initiative. Her regiments immediately felt stronger. The morale of the personnel rose immeasurably. A cheerful marching song was born in the brigade:
The path along the rear is always harsh and difficult, But our regiments passed through the fires. Karitsky and Sergunin are leading us into battle. Bolshevik eagles are leading us into battle.
Cheerfulness and faith in success were the best remedy for the wounds of the brigade commander.
By the beginning of the defeat of the Germans near the walls of Leningrad, the 5th brigade operated in the same place - in the partisan zone. To the south, next to it, in the Pavsky district, was the 10th brigade. The brigades were ordered to saddle the railway from the city of Luga to Strug Krasny, as well as on a 77-kilometer section of the highway, disable the road, prevent the fascist monsters from stealing Soviet people into their lair, taking away the stolen goods.
Having received the order, Karitsky ordered his regiments - the first and fourth - to go to the originally assigned area. On the second day of the transition of our troops to the offensive near Leningrad, on January 15, 1944, Karitsky's partisans entered the Pskov-Luga highway, paralyzed the movement of enemy vehicles, and moved towards the coveted "piece of iron". The head of the LSHPD, Mikhail Nikitovich Nikitin, highly appreciating the actions of the 5th brigade, radioed for the entire partisan army: "Take an example from Karitsky." Then a representative of the headquarters arrived at the brigade.
After reviewing the deployment and tasks of the regiments of the 5th brigade, he approved the plans and actions of Karitsky. The regiment of S. Chebykin, as before, remained a sabotage, security, reserve brigade command. The regiments of V. Egorov and V. Puchkov rushed to the Warsaw road. But climbing the "piece of iron" is not so easy - on both sides of the road there is a cluster of Nazi troops, military equipment. Only reconnaissance and sabotage groups broke through.
The regiment of A. Tarakanov was at the Vitebsk railway. His three-month offensive operations culminated in the liberation of the Peredolskaya station on January 27. The regiment held the station until the approach of the 7th Guards Tank Brigade. It was here that the jubilant meeting of the partisans of the 5th brigade with units of the Red Army took place.
The tankers, having broken the German defenses, left for a new mission. The 256th Red Banner Rifle Division of the 59th Army of the Volkhov Front rushed into the gap. Taking advantage of the fact that the division had pulled far ahead, the enemy cut it off. Immediately, Karitsky received an order from the operational group of the LShPD at the headquarters of the Volkhov Front to rescue the army men who were surrounded. The brigade commander withdrew his 4th, most powerful and mobile regiment from the Pskov highway and threw it to the aid of Tarakanov's regiment to rescue the 256th division. Together with the division commander, Colonel A. G. Koziev, they led the all-round defense.
The Red Banner 256th Division and two regiments of the 5th Partisan Brigade held out in bloody battles until February 12, before the main forces of the army approached. These were fierce fights. The enemy continuously bombed the location of our units. For orientation, the Nazis sent green rockets from the ground. Karitsky, showing resourcefulness, ordered the partisans to launch the same green rockets in the direction of the enemy troops. The punctual German pilots, at the signal of these green rockets, thoroughly bombed their units.
On Leningrad soil, on the battlefield, the final scene was going on - the most tense and most dramatic. Karitsky understood that under these conditions, more than ever, special composure, accurate accounting of forces, and caution were required. He contacted by radio the commissar of the brigade, I.I. Sergunin, who, together with the chief of staff, M.S. And it was decided: to form the 5th regiment from local independent partisan detachments, send it under the command of P.F. Skorodumov to the Warsaw road in order to break into the main highway of the retreating Germans with three regiments. On February 15, as soon as the 256th Red Banner Division left the encirclement, Karitsky wanted to hastily lead the regiments of A.F. Tarakanov and V.V. Egorov to the Warsaw Railway. He really wanted to believe that the final chord of the entire brigade sounded exactly where it was supposed to fight from the first days of its birth.
But the main "transport" of the partisans, as you know, is their own legs. The fighters are loaded - machine guns and ammunition, the wounded, and even the household convoy ... Not in time. Never have time. Yes, and there is no need. The 168th division of Major General Yegorov, with the support of the 2nd named after I. G. Vasiliev, the partisan brigade under the command of N. I. Sinelnikov, has already captured the station and the village of Serebryanka. And on February 18, the 46th division of Colonel Borshchev moved and the partisan brigades of V.P. Obedkov and I.G. Svetlov defeated the 58th German division and units attached to it and, after a fierce battle, liberated the station and the regional center of Plyussa. The Warsaw Railway stopped serving the occupiers in this section. The Leningrad Front, developing the offensive, went forward to the west. The area of ​​operation of the 5th partisan brigade was liberated from the invaders.
Recalling these happy moments, Konstantin Dionisevich says:
“Somehow I didn’t even believe it at first. A few minutes ago, we fought like crazy, climbed into the thick of the fire. And suddenly - silence, complete security, peaceful air. Well, I say, brothers, line up in columns ...

* * *

On March 6, 1944, the International (now Moscow) Avenue of Leningrad experienced one of the jubilant meetings. Its wide sidewalks and pavement are crowded with people. They also came here from the Vyborg and Petrograd side, from Vasilyevsky Island. The brigade of K. D. Karitsky entered the hero city. Leningraders met the famous partisans.
The seven thousandth brigade, consisting of five regiments, walked through the native city with a firm step, with a sense of accomplishment of duty. She had something to report to the people of Leningrad. Only from January 15 to February 20, 1944, the brigade derailed 18 enemy steam locomotives, 160 wagons, 2 armored trains, smashed 151 vehicles, blew up or burned many enemy warehouses, cut off 173 kilometers of communications, exterminated about 2400 invaders, saved them from being stolen into Nazi slavery over 30 thousand Soviet citizens.

Krasnov S. Kombrig Karitsky
http://www.molodguard.ru/heroes199.htm

Polina Georgievna Khristoforova
GUERRILLA MOVEMENT
IN THE SOUTH-WEST OF NOVGOROD REGION

Utorgosh partisan detachment

In the very first days of the occupation of the Soletsky district, the heroic struggle of the underground and partisans against the Nazi invaders began. Cut off from the Soviet rear and not yet having combat experience, they entered the fight against enemy detachments armed to the teeth. This is how the Utorgosh partisan detachment fought, commanded by the secretary of the district committee of the party G.A. Ryabkov and the chairman of the district executive committee A.Ya. Shilov.

In the first battles with the Nazis, which were fought by partisans, in most cases it was necessary to obtain weapons, ammunition and uniforms. The partisans had nowhere to rest, warm themselves and dry their clothes and shoes. The fascist invaders sought to isolate the local population from the partisans and deprive the latter of the support of the local residents. People who were associated with the partisans were brutally destroyed by the Nazis. On city squares, in towns, on telegraph poles, trees in parks and gardens, the punishers hanged Soviet patriots, exiled to prison and Gestapo dungeons, tried in every possible way to intimidate and enslave the Soviet people. But dozens and hundreds of new fighters took the place of one killed patriot. The population of the occupied villages considered the partisans to be their defenders, their armed forces, and helped them in every possible way, assisted in the fight against the Nazi invaders.

At the end of July 1941, the detachment destroyed a group of fascists in vil. Melkovichi and captured war trophies. In September, partisans derailed a military train with enemy manpower at the Kchera junction. On the Pavshitsy-Lyudyatino road, a column of enemy soldiers was shot and on the Nikolaevo-Utorgosh road they captured the fascist mail. Particularly heavy fighting was waged by the partisans in September 1942, when the German command deployed troops in all settlements of the region and created large field police and punitive detachments to fight the partisans and to protect their communications. While fighting, the partisans suffered heavy losses. The Nazis, seeking to destroy the partisans, followed on their heels. But it was not possible to destroy it: the people's avengers, divided into three groups, set up an ambush and gave the punishers a fight. The Nazis began to retreat, picking up the dead and wounded, and stopped the pursuit of the partisans.

The Utorgoshsky partisan detachment conducted further military operations as part of the 5th partisan brigade.

5th partisan brigade

1943 was a turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War. The Soviet Army won major victories on the Volga and near Kursk. The troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts broke through the blockade of Leningrad. In January and February 1943, the troops of the North-Western Front destroyed groupings of enemy troops in the area of ​​Velikiye Luki and Demyansk. The expulsion of the Nazi invaders from the territory of the Soviet country began.

This year was also characteristic for the partisan movement, which received mass development in all the occupied regions of the country. It grew, grew stronger and expanded. In the southwestern regions of the Novgorod region, the partisans united in the 5th partisan brigade, commanded by Heroes of the Soviet Union Konstantin Denisovich Karitsky and Commissar Ivan Ivanovich Sergunin (later Secretary of the Novgorod Regional Committee of the CPSU). The brigade operated on the territory of the former Utorgoshsky, Batetsky, Soletsky and other regions, where the most important communications of the enemy passed - railways to Vitebsk, Novgorod-Luga, Dno-Pskov, and highways. According to them, the Nazi command supplied its troops with military equipment, ammunition, food and manpower. The brigade conducted large-scale military operations, cleared the settlements of punishers, destroyed their established "orders", the organs of the occupation authorities.

The most sensitive blows were delivered in the railway area in order to disorganize the German rear, complicate the normal supply of the enemy army and its retreat. The partisans made surprise raids on railways, blew up the canvas, derailed enemy trains and armored trains, and blew up bridges. The German fascist invaders never found peace from the people's avengers, were powerless to take any effective measures to combat them and were waiting for an opportunity to get out alive.

During the period from September 1943 to January 1944, the 5th partisan brigade defeated dozens of large enemy garrisons, the Peredolskaya and Lemenka railway stations, the Kchera and Morino junction. And since October, the most important highway that fed the Novgorod grouping of German troops, the Nikolaevo-Utorgosh-Medved highway, was completely closed. Within two months, the brigade repelled three major attacks by German punitive expeditions.

By the end of February 1944, a significant part of the territory of the Leningrad region, including Soltsy, was liberated from the Nazi invaders and the partisans operating on the territory of the Soletsky district ended hostilities.

Gorodishchensky underground workers

Boys and girls fought in the Patriotic War, who just yesterday carelessly ran away into the field to breathe in the aroma of the air, to pick up an armful of flowers. They, too, came face to face with the enemy. They swore to avenge mercilessly for the burnt, devastated cities and villages, for the blood of the killed relatives, for the torment and suffering. Such were the Gorodishche underground workers, who played a significant role in the defeat of the German occupiers in Soletska. They were led by the 5th partisan brigade. The deputy commissar of the brigade for Komsomol work, comrade Babenko, met with the underground more than once, gave them advice and instructions, and specific tasks. Through their connected Komsomol members Zhenya Nazarova, Masha Blokhin and Masha Stepanova, a constant connection was established with the underground. They brought orders, leaflets and newspapers from headquarters.

On the part of the underground group, Tatyana Timofeevna Yakovleva (later a teacher at the Gorodishchensk eight-year school), Natasha Ivanova and Sasha Sidina were liaisons. The leader of the group was Fedya Maksimov, and his brother Petya carried out the most dangerous assignments. Once, noticing the movement of enemy vehicles on the Utorgosh-Nikolaevo highway, Fedya, in front of the Nazis, laid mines under the bridge, blew up two trucks and killed two German motorcyclists, and near Gorodishche blew up another German car with soldiers and ammunition on the bridge. On the Gorodishche-Zvad highway, he destroyed a passenger car with a bunch of grenades, accompanied by an armored car and three German officers following in the car.

The underground fighters were the eyes and ears of the partisans behind enemy lines. They learned and transmitted information about the number, location and movement of enemy troops, distributed leaflets and newspapers among the population, and transmitted information about the atrocities of the Nazis to local residents to the partisan headquarters. The place of transmission of such information was a broken enemy tank on the Vsheli-Gorodishche road.

On the day of the 26th anniversary of the October Revolution, young underground workers Natasha Ivanova and Anya Lasota, taking a big risk, set up a red flag in the center of the village of Utorgosh, on which was written: "Death to the German invaders!" And at midnight, the red flag, set by Sasha Sidina and Tanya Yakovleva, fluttered over the German dining room in Gorodishche. The Nazis were afraid to remove the flag for three days, fearing that it was mined.

Medvedsky underground workers

The Medvedsky underground workers Sasha Kulikov, Roman Sharkov, Vanya Zinoviev, Yasha Pashkov, Galya Sharkova, Petya Ganin, Misha Kulikov and others steadfastly and courageously defended their homeland. They gave everything they could to win. The villagers hold sacred their names. The Medvedsky Museum and the rural library have collected a large and interesting material about the life of young underground workers.

Motherland highly appreciated the feat of young heroes. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for courage and courage shown during the harsh years of the war, the young patriots of the Medvedskaya group were posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War ...

Partisan priests

The Russian Orthodox Church has always strengthened the spirit of our people during the years of difficult trials. So it was during the Great Patriotic War, when in all churches they prayed for victory over Nazism and collected donations for the army. “The priests fought for the Fatherland and had weapons in their hands. Father Fyodor (Puzanov), rector of the Borkovskaya church, located in the Solecki district of the Leningrad region, after the Germans burned the temple, came to the Chebykin partisan regiment and demanded weapons. He was given a captured machine gun and four grenades Father Fyodor fought bravely and skillfully, for which he was awarded government awards.

The rector of the Vidonskaya church in the Utorgoshsky district, Father Methodius (Belov), managed to collect donations to the country's defense fund in the occupied territory. Cash and valuables were transported by plane to Moscow. In addition, Father Methodius was engaged in intelligence: he obtained the information necessary for the partisans. The Nazis tracked down the priest at the Dno station during another observation of the movement of German troops and tortured him to death in the Gestapo. (Quoted from: Mikhail Ershov, "Liturgy during the blockade." In the newspaper "For Orthodoxy and Autocracy" No. 7 (42) of September 2004)

The largest historical victory of the Red Army at Stalingrad, the breakthrough of the enemy blockade of Leningrad by our troops and other victories in the Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus and on the Central Front made it possible to clear 2/3 of the Soviet land from the fascist invaders and force the Nazis to go on the defensive.

The partisan movement in the territory of the Leningrad Region occupied by the enemy intensified during this period. In 1943, one after another, large partisan formations arose in the rear of the 16th and 18th Nazi armies, standing near Leningrad, Novgorod and Staraya Russa.

In those days, the 5th brigade was also born in battles. Its formation began on February 10, 1944 in the Pskov region, K.F. Karitsky was appointed commander of the brigade, I.I. Sergunin - commissar, T.A. Novikov - chief of staff. The formation of the brigade proceeded in difficult conditions. The Nazis undertook one punitive expedition after another.

When the formation of the brigade was completed, the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement determined the territory of Utorgoshsky, Batetsky, Soletsky, the southern part of the Luga, Strugokrasnensky, partly Dnovsky and Porkhov regions as the area of ​​\u200b\u200bits operations. This territory was of great strategic importance: the North-Western, Volkhov and Leningrad groups of the enemy joined here, the railways passed: Warsaw and Vitebsk, Pskov-Porkhov-Dno-Staraya Russa, Pskov-Luga highway, Nikolaevo-Shimsk-Staraya Russa. These communications were used to supply the fascist groups with everything they needed. Back, to the southwest, the enemy transport was carrying the property stolen from the Soviet people. Here lay the main lines of communication of enemy troops. Here the occupation administration prepared agricultural products and weapons for the army.

The 5th brigade was given the task of inflicting continuous strikes on highways and roads, smashing enemy vehicles, disrupting telephone and telegraph communications, conducting reconnaissance for the Red Army, disorganizing the economic activities of the occupiers, rousing the population to an active struggle against the Nazis, creating unbearable conditions for enemy army, to help the soldiers of the three fronts to smash the German invaders near Leningrad and Novgorod.

During the period of the popular armed uprising, the fighting of the partisans acquired an especially wide scope. Under the control of the rebels were entire areas, large sections of railways and highways. Many Soviet people were saved from being deported to fascist hard labor. So, at the end of 1943, Yegorov's regiment on the Utorgosh-Dno railway section captured three echelons with Soviet people being taken to Germany. The train guard was destroyed, about 1200 people were released from fascist captivity.

During this period, the Nazis, having surrounded the village of Lubino, began a "hunt" for local residents. At the Niza station, wagons had already been delivered to send our people to Germany. The command of the brigade sent a group of machine gunners to the village. The battle broke out and the Nazis left Lubino. About 350 residents were liberated. Many of the rescued joined partisan detachments.

At the end of 1943, events developed rapidly in the Solecki district, where the organs of Soviet power were restored. The organizational troika was headed by an experienced participant in the partisan struggle, communist L.S. Gabasov. It included I.I. Timoshenko and the chairman of the Soletsky village council A.V. Ivanov. The members of the troika held meetings in the villages and explained the situation on the fronts. The peasants unanimously decided to immediately start building forest camps for the inhabitants of those villages in which the Germans were located. My parents were also in such a camp in Platkovsky Forest. At the meetings there were many who wanted to voluntarily join the partisans.

Being in the forest camps, the peasants connected their lives even more strongly with the partisans, went on combat missions together, made blockages, destroyed bridges, and blew up the railway. Residents of the villages of Veretye, Polyany, Bolshoe and Maloye Zaborovye, together with the partisans, dismantled and burned six bridges on the Ploskovo-Dubrovo-Seltso highway in one night. Everyone who could wield a crowbar, an ax or a saw went out to this work. The peasants of the villages of Zarechye, Ilemno, together with the partisans, participated in a night raid on sections of the Dno-Soltsy railway.

The peasants of the villages of Yurkovo and Kryukovo made several blockages on the Dubrovo-Porechye road, blocking the path of the Nazis. Residents of the villages of the Dubrovsky village council, under the leadership of the authorized troika M.P. Gavrilov, blew up all the bridges on the Yazvische-Ostrov road.

During the year of the fight against the fierce enemy, the partisans of the 5th brigade destroyed more than 14,000 fascist soldiers and officers, captured 36 senior officers, derailed 81 echelons with military equipment, knocked out 3 armored trains, blew up 22,996 sections of the rail track, 265 bridges on highways. and 21 railways, 399 vehicles, 6 buses, 16 tanks, many carts, warehouses, garages, motorcycles and other military property were destroyed,

In the 5th partisan brigade there were many residents of the Solets region who selflessly fought against the Nazis, thereby bringing closer the days of liberation from the Nazis in Novgorod and Soltsy. Many of them have already passed away. Fought on the land of Novgorod Kulebin A.N., Ivanov N.P., Zhelezkov I.I., Kotova A.V., Sokolov G.I.

On January 20, 1944, units of the 59th Army cleared Novgorod from Nazi invaders. For 29 months the Nazi barbarians occupied the city of Novgorod. They burned and destroyed almost all residential, public and industrial buildings. Ancient architectural monuments were also badly damaged, some of them were turned into ruins.

A.N. BARANOV, partisan of the 5th partisan brigade, member of the district council of veterans.

Nikitenko N.V. Partisan brigade commanders: people and fates (Commanders of partisan brigades operating in the occupied territory of the Leningrad and Kalinin regions during the Great Patriotic War) / Nikitenko Nikolai Vasilyevich. - Pskov: LLC "Velikolukskaya City Printing House", 2010. - 399 p., photo.

Nikitenko Nikolay Vasilievich

Local historian and historian, author of books about the heroic history of our Motherland, the courage, talent and hard work of its inhabitants. In the new book, he gives an objective picture of the partisan struggle in the temporarily occupied territory of the Leningrad and Kalinin regions of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War, tells about its active organizers and participants - the commanders of the partisan brigades operating in these regions. This book is the result of painstaking work with archival documents, meetings and correspondence with veterans of the partisan movement, relatives of partisan brigade commanders and their comrades in the fight behind enemy lines.

“Despite the fact that there is already extensive literature on the partisan movement in the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War, the book by N.V. Nikitenko "Partisan brigade commanders: people and destinies" is essential | significant contribution to the study of the people's struggle behind enemy lines. For the first time, she tells about the biographies and fates of all the commanders of the 13 Leningrad, 23 Kalinin and 2 Special partisan brigades of the North-Western Front, operating on the territory temporarily occupied by the Nazi invaders, provided with their photographs. Much of the material is presented for the first time. The author does not idealize the brigade commanders, shows difficult moments, reveals “white spots”, due to which the feeling of understatement about that dramatic time disappears.”

YES. Khalturin,
former commander of the 15th Kalinin partisan brigade

5th KALININSK PARTISAN BRIGADE

In the third part of the book "Commanders of the Kalinin partisan brigades" the author, on the basis of archival materials, restores biographies and tells about the fate of the commanders of the 5th Kalinin partisan brigade.

Margo Vladimir Ivanovich

(06/09/1913 - 10/17/1977) Commander of the 5th brigade from October 1942 until its connection with the Red Army in the summer of 1944 (after a short break - the period of command of the brigade M.I. Karnaushenko).
During the Great Patriotic War, Vladimir Ivanovich Margo, who had not previously served in the army, went from an ordinary partisan, a member of a small group of the Sebezh asset, to a major, commander of a brigade, which was one of the first and large formations of Kalinin partisans created in deep behind enemy lines, in the border areas of three republics - the RSFSR, Belarus and Latvia. The report on the combat activities of the brigade for the period from October 1942 to July 1944 takes up many pages, testifying to the significant damage inflicted on the enemy: 15 garrisons, 28 volost governments were defeated, 24 railway echelons were derailed, 10 tanks, 178 vehicles, dozens of bridges were destroyed and other objects - while the enemy lost 4,000 soldiers and officers killed and 1,500 wounded. In addition, ten thousand civilians were saved from hijacking into fascist slavery.
“The brigade commander Margot was under thirty, but he looked older than his years,” wrote N.M., the commander of the 10th brigade, who knew him well. Varaksov. - Solidity was given to him by a dark wedge-shaped beard, with which Vladimir Ivanovich did not part throughout the war. Short, dense, and in conversation, and in movements, a purely civilian person. Good-natured, calm, and only wary, steely eyes cast in moments of anger spoke of the remarkable willpower of the partisan - the former teacher.
Vladimir Ivanovich Margo was born in the village of Demyanitsa (Manushkino), Velikoluksky District. By nationality - Latvian. Father Ivan Yakovlevich and mother Olga Yakovlevna were peasants, but they tried to give their children an education, to bring them “to the people”. After graduating from the Velikoluksky Pedagogical College, he was sent to the Sebezhsky District as the head of the Perelazovsky school of the first stage, then as a teacher at the Prikhabsky school of collective farm youth. Education Member of the CPSU (b) since 1941.
In June 1941 he joined the regional fighter battalion. With a group of party and economic activists under the leadership of the first secretary of the district committee of the party F.A. Krivonosov left Sebezh and arrived in the city of Toropets. There, the task of the Kalinin regional party committee was received - to return to their area, occupied by the Germans, and get acquainted with the situation, expand political work in the villages, start organizing partisan detachments, in a word, raise people to fight the enemy.
V.Ya. Vinogradov, head of the Sebezh regional department of the NKVD, commissioner - F.A. Krivonosoe. During August-September 1941, the group managed, having visited many villages, to establish contacts with reliable Soviet people, to commit several sabotage, to fire on a German convoy. IN AND. Margot gained invaluable experience behind enemy lines. But they failed to gain a foothold in order to conduct an armed struggle - the invaders began an active search for members of the group, they had to spend the night in the forest, and the cold came. At the end of October, a decision was made - to break into the Soviet rear or join with a stronger detachment.
“This path was not easy and long,” recalled V.I. Margo. - In the Pustoshkinsky district, we were tracked down by units of security forces, and with difficulty we escaped from the encirclement. We failed to meet the partisans in the Novosokolnichesky district ... Only near Velikiye Luki did we finally meet with the partisan detachment. But the transition through the front line ended in failure: in the area of ​​the Okhvat station, the group ran into a large German detachment and was dispersed. IN AND. Margo, left with three comrades, spent the night in the forest, severely frostbite on his feet, and he could not walk: he was taken on a sled to the village to his parents. For two months he was treated with them, and then he established contact with the Nevel partisans, through them - with the Kalinin regional party committee.
From Kalinin they were sent for short-term courses to the city of Kimry - they taught tactics behind enemy lines. After their graduation, V.I. Margo was appointed commander, and A.S. Kulesh - the commissar of the detachment of submachine gunners, formed for operations as part of the 2nd brigade G.N. Arbuzov, which was stationed in the Nevelsk region. “On May 22, the detachment set off for its destination,” wrote V.I. Margo and A.S. Kulesh. - But we were drawn to our Sebezh district. And in this regard, we were helped by the fact that no one knew the actual situation in the area of ​​Idritsa and Sebezh, and our desire was in the interests of the task force of the 3rd shock army and the regional department of the NKVD. Therefore, we were allowed to change direction and go out for action in the areas of Pustoshkinsky, Idritsky and "if possible" Sebezhsky.
A detachment of 67 people crossed the front line and on the first of August ended up on the territory of the Pustoshkinsky district. “We operated there until September 17, replenished the detachment to 102 people, and on September 20 we arrived in the northern part of the Sebezh region.” The situation here was already different from what it was in the autumn of 1941, when the group of V.Ya. Vinogradov. In the spring of 1942, in the Sebezhsky district, spontaneously, without “settings” from above, on the initiative of patriotic citizens, several partisan groups arose, consisting mainly of commanders and Red Army soldiers who were surrounded or escaped from captivity. They were commanded by P.P. Konopatkin, K.F. Nikiforov, I.S. Leonov, A.S. Volodin and others. And although they did not act in an organized and active manner, they had burned bridges, wrecked cars, destroyed invaders and traitors. By autumn, these groups united into two - A.S. Volodin and I.S. Leonov - with a total number of 52 people. “Until October 4, we sought out and united the groups of Volodin and Leonov, recruited the most stable part of those liable for military service, and from October 4 to 6, in the Lokhovnya forest, we formed a brigade consisting of three detachments.”
“The brigade commander approved me,” wrote V.I. Margot. “Kulesh was appointed commissar, who shortly after Krivonosov left for the Soviet rear ... also assumed the duties of the first secretary of the Sebezh underground district party committee.” Lieutenant K.F. was appointed chief of staff of the brigade. Nikiforov, A.T. Shcherbina, V.N. Nikonov, E.I. Malakhovskiy. Combat activity began - already in October, the garrisons in the villages of Borisenki and Tomsino were defeated. These and other operations, as well as the raid of the 1st Kalinin partisan corps, confused the occupiers and their henchmen, and, on the contrary, volunteers who wanted to fight the enemy reached out to the brigade. By the summer of 1943, there were already four detachments in the brigade and in them - over 600 people, and by the summer of 1944 - eight detachments, uniting 1163 people.
December 15, 1942 V.I. Margo was invited to the village of Oderevo, which is 30 kilometers from Sebezh, where the headquarters of the raiding 4th brigade, headed by Captain V.M. Lisovsky. He handed over the order of the head of the operational group of the 3rd shock army I.N. Krivosheev dated December 1 on the subordination of "Margot's detachment in the amount of one hundred people to Comrade Lisovsky." These were outdated data - the detachment had long ago become a brigade, the number of which was three times greater than in August. “Quite restrainedly, I said that we no longer had a detachment, but a brigade, I would obey the order, but first I would inform the underground district party committee about this,” V.I. Margot. - As he decides, so be it. Lisovsky agreed with my opinion. Of course, on the part of V.I. Margo, this was a “move” bordering on a refusal, he was sure that the “district committee”, who is in his brigade, would support the brigade commander in his desire to maintain independence and not obey the “newcomers”. When on the radio V.M. Lisovsky Margo and Kulesh contacted a member of the Military Council of the Kalinin Front, the chief of staff of the partisan movement of the region S.S. Belchenko and reported their opinion, then in response they received a radiogram: the brigade was allowed to remain independent, but to strengthen the 4th brigade, transfer one of the detachments to it. This decision was a compromise - V.M. Lisovsky was given a detachment of Malakhovsky numbering 129 people and groups of V. Rybakov and M. Wallas.

Headquarters of the 5th partisan brigade. In the first row (from left to right) - the second - the commissar of the brigade A.S. Kulesh, the third - brigade commander V.I. Margot, far right - Chief of Staff of the Brigade L.X. Sloboda. October 1943

Soon another personnel order followed, about which V.I. For some reason, Margot did not say a word in his book The Burning Forest, although he touched him personally. In the “Historical Reference” this moment is stated as follows: “Until February 1943, Comrade Margot was the brigade commander. Then, for unknown reasons, Captain Karnaushenko M.I. was sent from the Soviet rear to the post of brigade commander. But he did not provide this work, and after several indecent incidents he was recalled, and on April 27, 1943, Comrade Margo took back the command of the brigade. It seems that the "unknown reasons" were not a secret for the command of the brigade: most likely the higher headquarters was not satisfied with the combat work. Margo during this period was appointed deputy brigade commander for reconnaissance instead of senior lieutenant P.P. Konopatkin. (M.I. Karnaushenko and V.I. Margo were appointed to positions by order of the KShPD of December 28, 1942, again V.I. Margo was appointed brigade commander from May 10, 1943. - Note N.N.).
The brigade carried out not only military operations, but also active political work with the population, established close ties with the underground of Sebezh, Opochka, had an agent network, which consisted of 167 people by the time the brigade was disbanded, in many enemy garrisons and settlements. In 1943, the influence of the partisans was so great that it was decided to form governing bodies - seven sections, at the head of which were placed commandants from the partisans - local residents. In all villages, on the recommendation of the commandants, partisan elders were appointed. The commandants and elders resolved the issues of land use and the distribution of hayfields among the peasants, regulated the procurement of provisions for partisan detachments, organized the rescue of the population during punitive expeditions, and provided assistance to victims of the punitive forces. About half a million rubles were collected for the country's defense fund, a significant amount - for the construction of the Kalinin partisan tank column.
For the entire period, the 5th brigade operated in the Sebezh region, not leaving it even during the most difficult periods of punitive expeditions. Lokhovnya, a tract located fifteen kilometers from Sebezh, became the partisan capital. It stretches in a continuous array for many kilometers towards Latvia and Krasnogorodsk. The detachments of the brigade were based at different periods in the villages of Borovoye, Aguryanovo and others.
Detachments of the 5th brigade, together with other formations of the Kalinin, Belarusian and Latvian partisans, repeatedly opposed the punitive expeditions of the Nazis.
The most difficult time for the partisans and the population began on a punitive expedition on April 16-20, 1944, when the enemy surrounded Lokhovnya and the nearest villages. The partisans left the base area and took refuge in forests and swamps. Everything was destroyed, there was nowhere to hide, to grind grains. During the spring, the partisans "studied" all the swamps that were considered impassable, individual islands of these swamps became a place of salvation. In May, hundreds of children hiding from the Nazis were sent to the Soviet rear.
“In numerous battles with punishers, he showed himself as a capable leader, a brave, resourceful and decisive commander,” V.I. Margo, compiled by the headquarters of the partisan movement of the Kalinin region in August 1944. “By the time it joined the Red Army, the brigade was holding a large area, which made it possible for the army to pass to the borders of the Latvian SSR.”
In July 1944, the 5th brigade, together with units of the Red Army, took part in the fighting to liberate the territory of the region. Detachments of the brigade and their guides withdrew units of our troops on the path of the probable retreat of the enemy, intercepted the retreating groups of German soldiers, fired at them from ambushes. Our troops passed the entire northern part of the region in one day and almost without loss. Having reached the border with Latvia, the brigade was ordered to return and on July 20 entered Sebezh. Disbandment has begun.
IN AND. Margo was appointed chairman of the Sebezh regional executive committee, and S.A. Kulesh - the first secretary of the district committee of the party. They worked together for some time, and then V.I. Margot was transferred to Velikiye Luki, which became the regional center: he headed the regional department of public education. From 1949 to 1952 he studied in Moscow at the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU, after which he was elected deputy chairman of the Velikoluksky regional executive committee, and then chairman of the regional council of trade unions.
In 1957, after the abolition of the Velikie Luki region, V.I. Margot was elected secretary of the Velikoluksky city committee of the CPSU. In 1960 he retired. But he continued to work - he was a teacher at the Agricultural Institute, and since 1964 - first the rector of the Velikoluksky Pedagogical Institute, and then the director of the Velikoluksky branch of the Leningrad Institute of Physical Education named after P.F. Lesgaft. From 1974 to 1977 - Senior Lecturer at the Agricultural Institute. He was repeatedly elected to the composition of elected party and Soviet bodies, was constantly "in sight" and versatile social activities.

In the photo: V. I. Margo (on the far right) talks about the battle in the village of Glubochitsa, Sebezhsky district. From left to right: V.N. Vakarin - commissar of the 4th brigade, N.S. Stepanov - commander of the detachment of the 5th brigade, F.T. Boydin - commander of the 1st and 4th brigade, V.A. Sergeeva - scout of the 5th brigade, M.M. Wallas - political instructor of a platoon of the 5th brigade, S.A. Yakovlev - Chief of Staff of the 6th Brigade, O.A. Yuganson - chief of staff of the detachment of the 5th brigade, P.N. Petrovich - head of intelligence of the 5th brigade. Village Glubochitsa. 1968

On behalf of the Kalinin partisans V.I. Margot spoke on June 14, 1967 at a solemn meeting of workers dedicated to the awarding of the Order of Lenin to the Pskov region, participated in the preparation of meetings of former partisans on the Friendship Mound, he was a member of the editorial board of the book "The Unconquered Land of Pskov".
He was awarded the Orders of Lenin, Kutuzov 1st class, Order of the Patriotic War 1st class, medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st class and others.

Sources and literature:

TTsDNI, f. 479, op. 2, units ridge 93, l. 57; f. 479, op. 2, units ridge 109, ll. 2-11; f. 479, op. 2, units ridge 33, l. 44.
Margo V.I. Burning forest. L., 1979.