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The curriculum required extensive, organized training for teachers and other teaching staff. By the autumn of 1920, only the organs of the Cheka educational program in 26 provinces had created courses for teachers - liquidators of illiteracy.
The 1st All-Russian Congress for the Elimination of Illiteracy (1922) recognized the need for primary literacy training for workers in industrial enterprises and state farms, members of trade unions and other workers aged 18-30. The term of study at the educational center was set at 7 months (6-8 hours per week).
It was in the course of the fight against homelessness, combined with the simultaneous teaching of children to read and write, and then to other disciplines, that the talent of the largest Soviet teacher A. S. Makarenko, the author of the Pedagogical Poem, manifested itself.
Likpunkts and literacy schools
Each locality with more than 15 illiterate people had to have a school literacy (likpunkt). The term of study in such a school was 3-4 months. The curriculum included reading, writing, counting. In the early 1920s, it was clarified that likpunkt classes were intended to teach to read clear printed and written script; make brief notes necessary in life and official affairs; read and write whole and fractional numbers, percentages, understand diagrams and diagrams; the students were explained the main issues of building the Soviet state. For adult students, the working day was reduced with the preservation of wages, provision was made for the priority supply of likpunkts with teaching aids and stationery.
Educational and methodological base
In 1920-1924, two editions of the first Soviet mass primer for adults D. Elkina, N. Bugoslavskaya, A. Kurskaya were published (the 2nd edition - called “Down with illiteracy” - included the well-known phrase for teaching reading - “We - not slaves, slaves are not we”, as well as poems by V. Ya. Bryusov and N. A. Nekrasov). In the same years, V.V. Smushkov's "Workers' and Peasants' Primer for Adults" and E. Ya. Golant's "Primer for Workers" appeared. Part of the allowances was printed abroad with payment from the currency funds of the republic. The publication of mass primers and other primary manuals for adults in Ukrainian, Belarusian, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Chuvash, Uzbek and other languages (about 40 in total) was launched.
At all times, literacy training was accompanied by the promotion of those ideological values, access to which was opened by the ability to read. During the reign of Catherine II, when many believed that "the mob should not be educated", the most insightful figures (for example, a deputy from the Klin nobility Pyotr Orlov) insisted that even if they were taught to read and write,
then on the following basis: let the peasants, by means of letters, find out for themselves what they owe to God, the sovereign, the fatherland, and according to the law to their landowner.
Therefore, there is nothing surprising in the fact that in the 1925/26 academic year, educational program was introduced as a mandatory political literacy course: the ideological struggle, including within the party, was in full swing.
Difficulties of educational program and its results
In total, up to 10 million adults were educated in 1917-1927, including 5.5 million in the RSFSR. The starting level was quite low. So, according to the census of November 1, 1920 (People's education according to the main survey of 1920), only about 7.3 million students studied in schools (in schools of the first stage - 6,860,328 children, and in schools of the second stage - 399,825) , and schools in the European part of Soviet Russia were attended by less than 59% of children aged 8-12 years (over 12 years old - even much less).
see also
Notes
- Kahan, Arcadius. Russian economic history: the nineteenth century // University of Chicago Press. - 1989. - S. 244.
Likbez is a term that appeared in Soviet Russia. What does it mean and how is it deciphered?
Likbez is an event whose purpose is to teach adults to read and write. This concept had such a meaning in the twenties. Later, the term took on a slightly different connotation.
background
At the end of the nineteenth century, Russia embarked on the path of industrial development. But the general level of literacy of the population left much to be desired. Among the inhabitants of Siberia, for example, few knew how to write and read. According to statistics, it was only one in ten, if you do not take into account children under nine years old. By 1914, the number of educated people in Russia had slightly increased, but war, famine and other negative phenomena led to the fact that their number decreased again.
By 1920, there were catastrophically few educated people in the country: some emigrated, others were shot. The new government took up the solution of this problem: a decree was adopted establishing an emergency commission for the elimination of illiteracy. From now on, every citizen was obliged to learn to write and read.
Likbez is the fight against illiteracy. First of all, this state program was aimed at a special segment of the population - the homeless, who, after the Civil War, found themselves in the streets of the country in myriad numbers. It was during these years that the teacher Makarenko began his activity, who considered it necessary not only to teach difficult teenagers the basics of literacy, but also to introduce them to work.
Likpunkts
Homeless children were sent to special boarding schools. But there were many people in the country who did not commit crimes, were quite trustworthy, but could not even write their own name. Schools were created for them.
These institutions were called likpunkts, and citizens over the age of fifteen were educated in them. The program was rather concise. The training lasted no more than four months.
Down with illiteracy!
An educational and methodological base was created with the aim of holding an important event called educational program. These were, as a rule, brochures with simple phrases for reading and poems by Soviet poets. Especially for representatives of the worker-peasant class, primers were published.
In 1925, the eradication of illiteracy turned into a program that focused not only on teaching the basics of writing and reading. Now, the educational program was also understood as the suggestion to the population of an ideologically correct point of view.
By the beginning of the thirties, the number of educational programs had increased several times. More than twenty million citizens studied in these institutions. According to data for 1929, the percentage of illiterate residents of the USSR aged fifteen to sixty years was no more than 10%.
LIKBEZ, a, husband. 1. Downsizing: literacy eradication, education of illiterate adults and adolescents, and (col.) the school that provides such education. Educational program workers in the first years of the revolution. Studied literacy in educational program. Went to L. 2. change… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Exist., number of synonyms: 2 auto-education (1) training (42) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
educational program- elimination of illiteracy ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
Likbez (liquidation of illiteracy) mass teaching of illiterate adults to read and write in Soviet Russia and the USSR. In a figurative sense, teaching an unprepared audience the basic concepts of any science, process or phenomenon ... Wikipedia
educational program- , a, m. 1. Elimination of illiteracy (illiteracy) mass events to teach adults and adolescents to read and write in the post-revolutionary years. ◘ The state allocated significant funds for educational program. Denisova, 141. My practice is good ... Explanatory Dictionary of the Language of Soviet Deputies
- (elimination of illiteracy) see Art. Literacy… Great Soviet Encyclopedia
M. 1. Elimination of illiteracy in the process of mass literacy education for adults and adolescents (in the 20-30s of the XX century in the USSR). 2. trans. unfold Comprehension of the initial, most necessary information about something, learning elementary skills. Explanatory ... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova
Educational program, educational program, educational program, educational program, educational program, educational program, educational program, educational program, educational program, educational program, educational program, educational program (Source: "Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak") ... Forms of words
educational program- Iskon. Neologism of the 20s of the XX century, formed by the addition of abbreviated bases on the basis of the phrase LIQUIDATION OF Illiteracy. A word with a prefix at the end ... Etymological dictionary of the Russian language
educational program- This word appeared in the 20s of the XX century. in connection with the extensive campaign for the eradication of illiteracy and is an amalgamation of the phrase eradication of illiteracy ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Krylov
Books
- Educational program in pediatrics for young parents: naturopathy, homeopathy, academic medicine
- Educational program in pediatrics for young parents. Naturopathy, homeopathy, academic medicine, Arkhipova Dariya Vladimirovna. The author, a pediatrician, candidate of medical sciences, in a simple and accessible form presents his views on various approaches to the treatment of the most common childhood diseases. Book…
0 While watching documentaries or visiting forums dedicated to solving historical mysteries, users regularly stumble upon various mysterious terms that they are not able to decipher. Be sure to bookmark our website so that you can visit us again. I recommend to visit us more often. Today we will analyze an outdated word, this Likbez, which means you can read a little later.
However, before continuing, I would like to introduce you to a couple of sensible publications on the subject of education and science. For example, what does Banshee mean, what is Dereal, how to understand the word Performance, who is Homunculus, etc.
So let's continue what does likbez mean? This abbreviation consists of two words "Limitation of Illiteracy".Likbez- this is the general education of illiterate adults in writing and reading in the USSR and Soviet Russia
Synonym of the word Likbez: FAQ , FAQ.You probably noticed that our site explains the meaning of various jargon and slang expressions. These little articles are essentially the same " educational program', which we'll talk about below.
In general, it was very fashionable to create intricate abbreviations during the formation of the new Russia. This word appeared about a hundred years ago, and was originally used for its intended purpose. After all, the elimination of illiteracy was one of the main tasks of our young state, which had just thrown off the shackles of the oligarchy, tsarism and serfdom.
It was then that special groups began to travel around the cities and villages, which arranged lectures who popularized literacy, and at the same time ridiculed dense ignorance and stupidity. It was very difficult to "shove" new knowledge into the brains of adults. However, as the program worked relentlessly to eradicate illiteracy as such for twenty years, it began to bear fruit over time.
Many years have passed, and in our time the word " educational program"is still used, though in a slightly different capacity. After all, today there are practically no illiterate citizens left, although there are still a large number of uneducated people. Therefore, people who want to learn something new come to the educational program on topics that interest them.
For example, you want to understand how to work on a computer, and for this you can sign up for courses, of which there are now a great many. These courses are the same educational program that will help you eradicate your computer illiteracy.
True, if in the last century educational programs were free, and carried out under the careful supervision of the government, now we have to pay for everything. Although, it may be better, a person having paid his "hard-earned money" will try to remember everything that is possible.After reading this short post, you have learned what does likbez mean, and for what it was needed at all.
LIKBEZ
Elimination of illiteracy in the process of mass literacy education for adults and adolescents (in the 20-30s of the 20th century in the USSR) .
2. trans. unfold
Comprehension of the initial, most necessary information about something, learning elementary skills.
Large modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is LIKBEZ in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- LIKBEZ
(elimination of illiteracy), see Art. Literacy… - LIKBEZ in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
LIKBE3, -a, m. 1. Abbreviation: illiteracy eradication, education of illiterate adults and adolescents, as well as (colloquial) the school that provides such education. Employees… - LIKBEZ in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
likbe "z, likbe" zy, likbe "for, likbe" call, likbe "zu, likbe" deputy, likbe "z, likbe" zy, likbe "zom, likbe" zami, likbe "ze, ... - LIKBEZ in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
- LIKBEZ in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
m. 1) Elimination of illiteracy in the process of mass literacy education for adults and adolescents (in the 20-30s in the USSR). 2) trans. unfold … - LIKBEZ in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
likb`ez, ... - LIKBEZ in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
educational program, ... - LIKBEZ in the Spelling Dictionary:
likb`ez, ... - LIKBEZ in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
!reduction: liquidation of illiteracy, education of illiterate adults and adolescents Workers of the educational program in the first years of the revolution. Studied literacy in educational program. Went to… - LIKBEZ in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
educational program, m. (new). Abbreviation of words: liquidation ... - LIKBEZ in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
educational program m. 1) Elimination of illiteracy in the process of mass literacy education for adults and adolescents (in the 20-30s in the USSR). 2) trans. … - LIKBEZ in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova:
m. 1. Elimination of illiteracy in the process of mass literacy education for adults and adolescents (in the 1920s and 1930s in the USSR). 2. … - DMITRY YURIEVICH PUTCHKOV in Wiki Quote:
Data: 2009-06-13 Time: 22:05:06 * Is it good or bad - the destruction of the USSR? As well as post-Soviet democracy: how for whom. … - HISTORICISMS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
words denoting objects, things, phenomena that do not exist in modern reality. "Tiun" (tax collector), "betting" (gathering honey from wild bees) and ... - GAMBURD MOISEY EFIMOVICH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Moses Efimovich (1904, Chisinau, - 14/07/1954, ibid.), Soviet painter. He studied at the Academy of Arts in Brussels (1925-30). From 1930 he worked in ... - ALL-RUSSIAN EXTRAORDINARY COMMISSION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF Illiteracy in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
The Extraordinary Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy (VChKLB), a special organization under the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, which led in the 1920s. teaching the illiterate and semi-literate. Educated… - HISTORICISMS in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- words or set phrases meaning disappeared realities (Russian “to wheel”, “kravchiy”, “tax”, “kisser”, Pol. more, szambelan, Ukrainian Achovik, French bailfi, ...
