Money, material values ​​If you climb the ladder of success for happiness, then even when you go up the ladder, you find out with horror and bitterness that the ladder was against the wrong wall. Alan Watts Those who see happiness in acquiring material wealth never

There is a saying: "Money does not bring happiness". Many people in today's society may not agree with this statement. For such, material well-being is better, having money is more important than spiritual development. But there are also people who believe that money and luxury are all just something superficial, transient, because at some point you can simply lose it all. According to such people, being rich spiritually is much more important than being financially secure. So which one of these people is right? What values ​​are more important: spiritual or material? It is this problem that Yuri Nagibin considers in the text proposed for analysis.

The story is told in the first person. During a creative trip to Italy, he met a wealthy Italian who was fond of poetry, wrote poetry and even published a small collection of his works for friends. The first example illustrating this problem is the narrator's reasoning contained in sentences 28-32. The Italian - the owner of a large factory that brings huge incomes, who has everything you could wish for, rejoiced at the attention to his poems of a random person who met him for the first time: "Where did the satiated, indifferent master of life go? ... But we belong to the same brotherhood pain ... "Both the narrator and the rich Italian loved poetry, neither of them cared about the size of the other's wealth. And this proves that spiritual values, development are more important than the amount of money and material well-being. As a second example, confirming that for many people spiritual values ​​are more important, is the statement of a wealthy Italian contained in sentences 38-39: "This is the only thing worth living for!" And he was not talking about his factory or other riches. Poems, poetry - that's what, according to the Italian, is really worth existing. After all, it is spiritual values ​​that help to find the meaning of life.

I agree with the position of the author. Of course, you need to develop and live not only with thoughts about material values. If people think that spiritual development is secondary, they can only be pitied. These people have a poor inner world, they are mercantile, since money, real estate, business are a priority for them. And in vain, because spiritual values ​​help people discover something new for themselves, learn something new about the world around them.

As the first example from fiction, proving that material values ​​are less important than spiritual ones, one can cite A.P. Chekhov's story "Ionych". The main character is Dmitry Ionych Startsev, who arrived in the city of S., where he met the Turkin family, known for their talents. There he first met Ekaterina Ivanovna (at home, Kotik), with whom he fell in love. But the girl did not reciprocate the young doctor, laughed at him, refused Startsev when he proposed to her. And this refusal then turned the world of the protagonist upside down. After this story, Chekhov describes the events that took place a few years later: Startsev had a lot of practice, he gained weight, and became addicted to the card game. Everything annoyed him, everything seemed boring and uninteresting. Startsev has changed a lot. Previously, he had a lofty goal - to serve people, to create a family. But he exchanged all this for a game of screw, money, a club. The light in Startsev's soul went out. Dmitry Ionych became the same philistine as the inhabitants of the city of S. He lived alone, he was bored, nothing seemed interesting. This is the result of a person's choice, the choice of his values ​​in life.

As a second example from the literature, one can cite the work of N.V. Gogol "Portrait". The protagonist is a young artist Andrei Chartkov, a rather talented but poor man. Once, at the Shchukin Yard, the artist, unexpectedly for himself, bought a portrait of an old man of Asian appearance, in the frame of which he later found a bundle of gold coins. And Chartkov began to think what he should do with them. At first, he wanted to buy various paints and objects for painting, lock himself up for three years, work hard to become a great artist. But in the end, Chartkov spent the money on luxury: he bought fashionable clothes, rented an expensive apartment, in general, he did everything that another careless young man in his place did. In the future, Chartkov served wealthy clients, whose desires and whims made him a fashionable painter, drawing according to a template and receiving a lot of money for it. Chartkov completely forgot about his dreams and aspirations, he simply lost his talent in pursuit of money. For him, unfortunately, material values ​​were more important than spiritual development and the dream of becoming a real artist.

In conclusion, I would like to say that you do not need to chase after money, fame and luxury all your life, while forgetting about what is really important: spiritual values ​​and enrichment of the inner world. This can help us find real friends and learn something new, in general, make our lives much better.

Essay 2 is about happiness.

Probably, it is impossible to give an unambiguous definition of happiness. Each person has a different idea of ​​this feeling. Someone, in order to find happiness, needs to buy a beautiful thing, someone needs to help another person. And then the question arises: what is happiness? How to get it? These problems are considered in her text by Lyudmila Ulitskaya.

Reflecting on these issues, the author talks about the unfortunate boy Gene, to whom life presented many difficulties. He did not feel in himself such a feeling as happiness. For example, he did not like the surname of the Pirap pilots: "His surname was written so ridiculously that since he learned to read, he felt it as a humiliation." He also had problems with his legs, and his nose was always stuffy. At his birthday party, he did not want to see anyone, because he considered his acquaintances irreconcilable enemies, but Genya's mother invited everyone herself. Everything turned out differently at the holiday: acquaintances became interested in Genya's paper fakes, took them for themselves, thanked him, and the boy was happy: "He only experienced such a feeling in a dream." Thus, L. Ulitskaya shows readers examples of an unfortunate and, conversely, a happy person.

The author believes that a person can be happy if he understands that someone is needed, not indifferent. It does not take much effort to make a person happy, it is enough just to show attention, kindness and respect.

As the first example from fiction, one can cite the work of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man". From the main character, Andrei Sokolov, the war took away everything: loved ones, home. But the little boy Vanya, who also lost all his relatives, helped Sokolov cope with life's difficulties. The realization that this boy needed him made the main character live on. Vanya became for him not only a son, but also happiness.

As another example from the literature, one can cite the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Stationmaster". For the main character, Samson Vyrin, his only daughter Dunya was happiness. After she left, got married and forgot about her father, the caretaker's house was empty, and Samson himself was very old. He lost his happiness, the meaning of life, that's why he died. What did he need to be happy? Just so that her daughter would remember him, visit and write letters. Then it would be much easier for Vyrin to live, he would not exist, tormented by longing for his daughter.

Thus, we can conclude that happiness does not need something supernatural, it lies in the little things. If people make even the slightest effort to make anyone happy, the world will surely be a better place.

Essay 3 is about happiness.

At all times, people have asked the question: what does a person need to be happy? But no one can give a definite answer. Some say that people need money and real estate, others disagree with them and argue that the main thing is to love your job so that it satisfies you. Still others believe that a person's happiness is impossible if his life is ordinary and boring. Which of these opinions is correct? It is the problem of what a person needs for happiness that Bondarev raises in his text.

The story is told from the perspective of a woman left without a husband. Her parents helped her raise her son. Once she was with them, she could not sleep at night. She went into the kitchen and saw her father there. She thought he was pale and tired. The woman told him that they were unhappy. The father's rebuttal is contained in sentences 15-22. This is the first example of this problem. He told his daughter that in fact he was happy, because all his relatives were alive, all at home, there was no war. Then the woman understood what real happiness means. Thus, we see that the main thing in life for a person is his family, it is the basis of his happiness. This is followed by an episode of farewell to the parents. It is the second example to this problem and is contained in sentences 23-24. Her father and mother cried and waved their hands as they walked her home. This warmed her heart. Thus, we see that each person needs the support of loved ones. If she is, then he feels needed and is able to survive any adversity.

The author's position is contained in the last sentence of the test. “How much and how little a person needs for happiness!” The writer believes that it is difficult to achieve it, because the war and the well-being of each family member are circumstances that do not depend on a person. However, these are very real conditions.

I agree with the author that people can only be happy when their relatives are doing well, because the family is the main support in life, it is to relatives that a person turns for help to help him, and also talks about his successes. They share his joy with him. Thus, a person feels that he is not alone and he has support, and this is the most important thing.

Examples of this problem can be found in the literature. The first work is "Mad Evdokia" by Aleksin. The girl Olya grew up selfish, as her parents indulged her in everything. One day while camping with her class, she ran away alone at night to get to her destination first. When everyone realized that Olya was gone, they began to look for her. The parents were informed about the disappearance, after which they became very nervous, because the daughter did not even call them. After a while Olya returned, but it was too late. Her mother could not stand the nervous tension and became distraught. Thus, we see that the girl's family broke up, the mother ended up in a mental hospital. And this means that she and her father will not be happy until the family is restored.

The second work illustrating this problem is "The Captain's Daughter" by A.S. Pushkin. In the first chapter, before Peter's departure, his father gives him instructions, which Grinev adhered to throughout his life. This suggests that he honored his father and believed: happiness is possible only when there is agreement in the family. Masha Mironova thought the same. When Grinev invited her to get married without the consent of his parents, she flatly refused, because she believed that in this case she and Peter would not have a happy life. Masha waited until Grinev's father agreed to the marriage. Thus. We see that for the heroes the family was the main pillar of life, to go against it meant never to be happy. Masha Mironova and Pyotr Grinev believed that their fate depended on the well-being of the family.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that the family is the main source of human happiness. Only with the support of relatives do people realize they are needed. This motivates them to achieve, they strive to justify the hopes of their loved ones placed on them. If everything is not well in a person’s family, then things fall out of his hands. He looks depressed and unhappy. Therefore, I want to advise people to take care of their families: our well-being depends on them.

Essay 4 - about the desire to live for show.

All people have different goals in life: someone is trying to achieve success in a career, someone is trying to build a strong family, and someone is trying to live for show. But what underlies the desire to live better than a friend and not “like everyone else”? This is the question that worries I.Vasiliev.

Reflecting on this problem, the author narrates in the first person. He talks about how one day he came to the store for a sweatshirt. The hero involuntarily drew attention to the hands of the packer, who was in no hurry to give the goods. She had eight rings on her hands, and the narrator was struck by the woman’s demeanor: “It can be seen that she lives for show, they say, not like everyone else.” This case is an illustration of the problem stated in the text. It reveals the behavior of people living for show. Another story that the narrator remembered was about a friend of his who wanted to have a hundred shirts. He already had sixty, but he wanted more to show his superiority over others. And in the second example, the author reveals the motives of people: "Today, the fashion is not for cut, but for quantity." The writer explores various aspects of life for show and at the end gives an analysis of the causes of this phenomenon.

I. Vasiliev is sure that egoism lies at the heart of such a life. The author emphasizes that such a person is incapable of feeling another. He writes: “He can listen to you, even seem to understand, even help, but he has already lost the ability to feel you, your condition, your pain.” From this I. Vasiliev draws the following conclusion: most of these people are lonely.

I fully agree with the position of the author. Indeed, such people are very lonely and selfish. In addition, when they succumb to the desire to "live for show", their goals in life become very primitive. And this is dangerous, since they focus only on acquiring a certain number of things, as a result of which they stop developing spiritually and begin to degrade as individuals.

Confirmation of the author's position can be found in works of art. In the story "Portrait" N.V. Gogol tells about the young artist Chartkov, who was a modest man who deeply loved art. But once in his hands was a large amount of money. At first he wanted to spend it on buying everything necessary for creativity, lock himself in a room and write, but the desire for fame and fortune got the best of him: he rented a luxurious apartment, bought expensive clothes and began to lead a secular life. Now he had only one goal - to "live for show", which gradually ruined him. Over time, the artist became a fashionable painter and exchanged talent for money, without realizing it. Once Chartkov was invited to an exhibition of an artist who had come from Italy. When he saw his ingenious picture, he wanted to draw something similar, but nothing came of it. The artist realized that he had ruined his talent, and out of grief he went mad and died. Thus, the author shows that life for show distracts from the development of talent, and this can end in failure.

As another work, one can cite the work of A.P. Chekhov "Ionych". Zemsky doctor comes to the city with a good goal - to help people. He falls in love with Ekaterina Ivanovna and proposes to her, but is refused. After that, a collapse occurs in his life, he becomes greedy and selfish. His main goal in life is to make money. The doctor has bought two houses for himself and is looking after a third, besides, he no longer walks, but rides in a troika with bells, by the sound of which he is immediately recognized. He has a lot of work, but greed for profit does not allow him to reduce the practice. In the end, he appears lonely and unhappy. So, A.P. Chekhov shows how a person changes when he focuses only on himself.

In conclusion, I would like to say that life for show does not bring anything but harm, as a person begins to degrade and becomes lonely. Therefore, you need to set yourself worthy goals in life, strive for self-development, and not for the accumulation of wealth.

Essay 5 is about self-restraint.

Older people remember that in the second half of the last century there was a total shortage, there were few goods in stores. In order to somehow survive, people limited themselves in everything, saved as much as they could. Now there is plenty of everything, the shops are not empty, the shelves in them are even bursting with an abundance of goods. And over time, people forgot how to limit themselves. They buy everything at once and in large quantities. It would seem that life has become better, but it turns out that unlimited consumption of something leads to other problems: a person's weight increases, debts appear and grow. If, for example, there is no self-restraint at the state level, then environmental pollution occurs. And then the question arises: what is the role of self-restraint? Is it really necessary? A. Solzhenitsyn reflects on these questions in the above text.

The author discusses such a phenomenon as self-restraint in different aspects. As a first example illustrating this problem, we can cite the description by the author of the conference of various countries that, for the sake of "momentary internal interest", reduce the requirements of any international agreement on environmental protection. And at the same time, there are countries that do not fulfill even some light reduced requirements, do not control the level of environmental pollution. Thus, we can conclude that self-restraint is required even for large states that can pollute and destroy the entire planet. As another example, one can cite the author’s reasoning that even a small personal restriction of consumers of goods “will indelibly reverberate somewhere on producers”, therefore Solzhenitsyn concludes that although people understand the need for self-restraint, they may not be ready for him, so you need to be careful when it comes to such a thing as limiting oneself.

The author believes that self-restraint is necessary for everyone: both at the level of an ordinary person and at the level of the state. If people do not start limiting themselves, then "humanity will simply tear itself apart." According to Solzhenitsyn, people need to learn to define firm boundaries for themselves, otherwise all the worst that is in the world will come out and everything will turn upside down.

I agree with the author. Indeed, self-restraint is indispensable. It helps a person stop in time in some of his actions, for example, indulging in bad habits that can lead to negative consequences. Without self-restraint, a person will lose a sense of proportion, he will develop negative character traits, such as permissiveness, irresponsibility and arrogance, and this should never be the case.

As the first example from fiction, confirming the importance of self-restraint in people's lives, is the work of N.V. Gogol "Portrait". The protagonist, a young and talented, but poor artist Andrei Chartkov, bought an old man's rubbish in the market, in the frame of which he found a bundle of gold coins. But this money did not bring him happiness. Of course, Chartkov became rich, he lived without limiting himself in anything: he bought a lot of unnecessary luxury items, rented an expensive apartment, but at the same time ruined his talent, drawing works according to a template, thinking that this is how one should live. But one day Chartkov was invited to an exhibition where he saw the work of a Russian artist who improved his skills in Italy, limiting himself in everything in order to develop his talent. His painting on a religious theme was so beautiful that it struck Chartkov to the core, and he wanted to paint something similar. Later, in his workshop, Chartkov tried to depict a fallen angel, but his hands did not obey, they painted according to the template. Then the artist realized that he had ruined his talent. This shock was so strong that it brought the artist to death. If Chartkov from the very beginning had limited himself and worked, would not have spent time and money on luxury and lead a secular life, everything would have been different. Thus, we understand that in this case, the lack of self-restraint harmed the person.

As a second example from the literature, one can cite A.P. Chekhov's story "Ionych". The main character is Dmitry Ionych Startsev, who arrived in the city of S., where he met the Turkin family, known for their "talents". There he first met Ekaterina Ivanovna (at home, Kotik), with whom he fell in love. But the girl did not reciprocate the young doctor, joked with him, refused Startsev when he proposed to her. And this refusal then turned the world of Dmitry Startsev upside down. Not receiving any emotions from life, having ceased to develop spiritually, becoming a layman, Startsev became even more obnoxious, he forgot about his noble goal - to save people's lives. Having ceased to limit himself, he took all the material goods from life: excellent food, money, cards, houses. But each subsequent wad of money did not bring him happiness, because he was alone. No one communicated with Startsev, his life was very boring. Perhaps if Dmitry Ionych had limited himself even a little, if he had not forgotten about his goal, everything would have been different. And again, we see that the lack of self-restraint has harmed the person.

In conclusion, I would like to say that such a phenomenon as self-limitation is very important for a person. If all people in the world adhere to the principle of self-restraint even a little bit, then the world will undoubtedly become a better place.

Essay 6 - about the horizons of man.

There are disputes about the horizons of man. Some people believe that you need to know about almost everything, without particularly delving into any area of ​​\u200b\u200bscience. But others do not agree with this. These people believe that it is better to know everything about one area than to know everything superficially. Which of them is right? What is a limited person? What should be the outlook of a person? What is more useful for its development: a large amount of specific knowledge or the breadth and clarity of ideas about the outside world? V.A. Soloukhin thinks about these questions in the above text.

The author proposes to consider the concept of limitedness of people on the examples of two imaginary miners. The first example is a miner who works only in a mine, he is limited by "thicknesses of impenetrable black stone." He did not see the white light, there is always work before his eyes, but at the same time he is experienced, knows everything about his business. The author calls it limited, because this miner is deep only in his work. Soloukhin also gives as an example another miner, less experienced than the first, but he was on the Black Sea, he saw the world around him. And the author concludes that both of these miners are limited people, but each in his own way.

According to the author, there are two types of limited people in the world: for example, you can meet a person who has a large stock of scientific information, but with a narrow outlook. At the same time, there are people who do not have such a volume of knowledge, but their horizons are broad and clear. And the second type of people, according to the author, is much better.

I agree with the author. Indeed, a person should have a variety of interests and a store of knowledge in various fields. Inertia, intolerance or suspicion towards everything new comes precisely from the narrowness of the outlook. If a person does not expand his horizons, it will become boring to communicate with him, and then he may remain lonely.

As the first example from fiction, confirming the importance of having a broad outlook, one can cite A.P. Chekhov's work "The Man in a Case". The protagonist of the story, teacher Belikov, is a man with a very narrow range of interests, limited, afraid of everything that is possible, trying to isolate himself from the outside world, "thinking only about the Greek language." And it would seem that he is a teacher, an intellectual. His life is boring, gray, monotonous, he does not have a broad outlook, so he can safely be considered a limited person.

As a second example from the literature, one can cite the work of F.A. Iskander "Authority". The protagonist, physicist Georgy Andreevich, was a man, of course, educated, with a broad outlook. From childhood, reading gave him great pleasure, he felt literature very subtly, got to know the world around him and people through books, adopted life values ​​and guidelines. Reading helped him in his scientific work. Georgy Andreevich understood that books broaden his horizons and help move through life, since a book is the best teacher, so he could not come to terms with the fact that a computer and TV replaced books in his son, and tried to instill in him a love of reading.

In conclusion, I would like to say that a person should expand his horizons. The world around us is unique and amazing, so you need to read, develop yourself and at the same time remember that a broad outlook is needed in order to keep up with life. If all this is observed, then the world will become much more educated and happy people.

Essay 7 is about honor.

A sense of honor is a purely personal moral feeling that distinguishes a noble person from others. This concept today has the same meaning that has been invested in it since the most ancient times: it characterizes the degree of reliability of a word given by a person and his fidelity to his principles. And yet can the concept of honor become obsolete? This problem is raised by D. Granin in his text.

This question belongs to the category of eternal. Drawing the reader's attention to it, the author recalls various episodes of history. The first example illustrating this problem is contained in sentences 7-14. The narrator recalls an incident from the life of A.P. Chekhov. After the writer learned that the government had annulled the election of Maxim Gorky to honorary academicians, Chekhov also renounced his title, because the decision to elect was made by his colleagues and himself, and by supporting the government's decision, he actually recognized the falsity of the election. The Russian writer could not do this, but he could not reconcile his conscience with such a contradiction. Thus, although Chekhov lived at the end of the 19th century, he adhered to the life principles of the early 19th century. The second example illustrating this problem is contained in sentences 15-22. After the story that happened with A.P. Chekhov, the author tells the reader that there is such a thing as a word given by a person. The narrator believes that it is not always observed, since it is not fixed by any document. As an example, the author cites a case during a repair, when a worker did not do it on time, although he promised. Thus, for such people there is no concept of honor and the ability to keep one's word at all, which means that no one wants to deal with them.

The author is convinced that the concept of honor cannot become obsolete and be replaced by any other word. “How can a sense of honor, a sense of self-worth, a purely personal moral sense become obsolete?” - D. Granin asks a rhetorical question.

After reading this text, I remembered the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" The protagonist of the novel, Pyotr Grinev, received a good upbringing. “Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age,” his father told him. Peter respected his parent, so he forever remembered his words and followed them. Proof of this is the case in the Belogorsk fortress, when Grinev was among the hostages of Pugachev and was sentenced to death. Peter still refused to swear allegiance to the robber, but Savelich saved him, saying that a good ransom would be given for the young man. However, Grinev showed the resilience of his character. Thus, Peter fulfilled the order of his father: he retained his honor from a young age, and as a result, his life turned out well, which means that the concept of honor cannot become obsolete.

The work of L. Panteleev "Honest Word" is also recalled. The little boy gave his word of honor to his playmates to stand guard as sentry until he was relieved, and continued to stand even when he realized that the change would not come. But the power of his word was so great that he could not leave his post. The narrator, passing by, was forced to call for a military officer, a man who, in the boy's opinion, had the right to remove him from his post and release him from his word. Thus, this boy kept his word, which was not secured by any document, which means that the concept of honor is not outdated.

In conclusion, I would like to say that the problem of preserving honor remains one of the most significant and relevant to this day. Honor is a concept that should remain important at all times, because it is one of the most important qualities of a person.

Essay 8 is about the rational use of time.

In youth, people live as if they have an unlimited amount of time ahead and do not think about its transience. But in adulthood, this problem worries absolutely everyone. A person looks back at the past and understands: he did not have time to do much of what he wanted. Then people begin to think about how you can find time for everything you have planned. It is the problem of rational use of time that Zharikov and Kruzhelnitsky raise in their text.

First, the authors discuss its properties. The writers' reflections are contained in sentences 1-8. As an example, they cite the saying of Seneca. The philosopher says that time eludes a person, so you can’t waste it in vain. Thus, we see that this problem has been and remains urgent for people. Another important property of time is that it flows for everyone at different speeds. And there are people who do not care about this issue at all. But still I want to ask: what is our time spent on? Seneca claims that we spend most of it on mistakes, bad deeds and idleness. Then the question arises: how can we save time? As an answer and a second example to this problem, one should cite the advice of the scientist and poet Gastev (proposal 18). He suggests taking three simple steps: develop a daily routine, make a plan, and follow it clearly. Thus, we see that good discipline and self-control are needed to solve this problem.

The author's position is contained in the last 2 paragraphs of the text. The writer believes that time is fleeting, and therefore it can easily elude people. He says that he cannot be returned. So, it must be protected as the most valuable resource that a person has.

I agree with the author that it is necessary to save time, because life is not unlimited, and if a person wastes it, in the end he will be very disappointed that he did not have time to do anything, so you need to be responsible for spending time.

Examples of this problem can be found in the literature. The first work is The Cherry Orchard by A.P. Chekhov. Gaev and Ranevskaya were landowners who lived too richly for their modest incomes. As a result, the garden they loved so much had to be sold for debt. They had 2 months to find the money and thus save the garden. But they wasted that time, and paid the price. The estate was sold to the merchant Lopakhin, who was going to cut down the garden. Thus, we see that Gaev and Ranevskaya failed to properly manage their time. That is the reason they lost the cherry orchard. Lopakhin, on the other hand, worked hard and therefore had the funds for this purchase. Here are some results that the rational use of time can lead to.

The second example illustrating this problem is A. Green's Green Lamp. John Eve is an unfortunate poor man who does not have shelter and enough food. Once on the streets of London, Stilton, a rich man, approached him and made a strange proposal - to sit every evening in a room with a lamp lit on the windowsill and not talk to anyone. This made it possible for Yves to live without needing money. Stilton's calculation was that John would either drink himself out of boredom or lose his mind. But Yves was not a bum, he needed something to do. One day he found a reference book on anatomy. Medicine interested him, for a long time he worked hard and eventually achieved that he became a doctor. Stilton, on the other hand, went bankrupt and became a beggar. Thus, we see that a lot depends on how we use the time we have, sometimes even the fate of a person. Anyone who knows how to properly manage their watches will always be able to take their rightful place in society: Yves, for example, became a doctor.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that people should be able to rationally use their time, because this is the main factor in a person's success. The one who thinks that he has a lot of this resource and does not need to be protected will inevitably find himself in a difficult situation. Fate does not favor people who do not value the time they have. Therefore, I would like to advise people to use it rationally.

Essay 9 is about selfless help.

People always need help, but they receive it either disinterestedly or for a fee. Nowadays, the second option is more common, but then help becomes a paid service. K. Paustovsky in his text raises the problem of selfless help, emphasizing its importance.

This passage is narrated in the first person. The author writes about the life of Gaidar. The first example illustrating the problem is found in sentences 3-33. It says that the narrator's son was seriously ill and needed a rare medicine, and then Arkady Petrovich decided to help him free of charge. He gathered the guys from the yard and asked them to go around as many pharmacies as possible in order to find the right medicine. They managed to do this, and the child was saved, but Gaidar did not demand any gratitude in return. Thus, the author shows how gratuitous assistance can save a person's life. In addition, sentences 36-48 present a second example of this problem. Paustovsky tells how Gaidar once, walking down the street with the narrator, saw that a pipe had burst in the garden and from there water began to spurt strongly on the plants. He ran up to her, squeezed her with his palms and did not let go until the pipe was blocked. His face showed that he was in pain, but he continued to hold back the pressure of the water to save the plants. It should be noted that no one asked him about it. By this, the author shows that people who do gratuitous deeds help make the world a better place.

The position of the author is expressed through Gaidar's attitude to gratitude. Paustovsky writes: “He considered helping a person the same thing as, say, greeting. No one is thanked for saying hello to you.” The author believes that selfless help should be the norm of people's lives.

It is difficult to disagree with the position of the author. Indeed, if a person helps others disinterestedly, without demanding anything in return, then people will treat him with kindness and responsiveness. Such a person will never be alone and can always count on someone else's help.

Confirmation of the author's position can be found in fiction. In the work "Mimosa" A. Aleksin talks about Andrei, who was thinking what to give his wife Klava on March 8th. He wanted to present something special to her, because she always gave him the necessary and useful things. Andrei remembered that Klava loved mimosa, but on the eve of the holiday it was very difficult to get them. He was in the flower shop near the institute, and on the square near the station, and near the drama theater. There were no mimosas anywhere, they were all sold out. Then Andrei told the old salesman a story about how he tried to find a worthwhile gift for his wife. Then the merchant gave him a bouquet, which he hid for his daughter. It was absolutely kind and gratuitous help. The old man just felt sorry for Andrei, and he wanted him to be able to make a pleasant surprise for his wife. Thus, the author shows how a noble and disinterested act can help save a family.

As a second argument, one can cite another work by A. Aleksin - “Can you hear me?” In it, the author tells about a geologist who was on an expedition, but came to the village to get through to his wife by telegraph, but no one answered his call. He knew that on the other end of the line they should have answered him, because it was his birthday and they agreed to call. The telephone operator saw the experiences of the geologist and decided to help him. She violated her authority: she left her workplace and ran to the next room where the letters were kept. The girl found a telegram for the geologist, in which it was written that his wife was urgently sent on a business trip and she congratulated him on his birthday. The geologist was happy that his wife remembered him. So, A. Aleksin showed how gratuitous help can restore peace to a person.

Thus, from all of the above, we can conclude the following: selfless help is needed. Without it, it will be very difficult for a person to survive in the modern world, where most problems are solved with the help of money. But, unfortunately or fortunately, not all.