Methodological development of a class hour dedicated to the history of vocational education in Russia

On this day, all educational institutions of secondary vocational education celebrate their professional holiday. The birthday of the system of vocational education was October 2, 1940, when the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On the State Labor Reserves of the USSR” was adopted, which defined three types of schools: trade schools, railway schools and factory training schools. These schools were created in the shortest possible time. Admission to them was carried out through conscription (mobilization), as well as in the order of voluntary recruitment of young people.

The history of the creation of vocational education.

How long ago do you think vocational education appeared? The starting point is considered to be the appearance in 1701 of the first secular professional educational institutions, opened at the behest of the great reformer Peter I. These were the schools of mathematical and navigational sciences, which are called the first real schools in Europe.

Catherine II made an attempt to create public schools.

Much attention was paid to vocational education with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, when the problem of personnel for defense enterprises and for industrial enterprises arose.

Day of Vocational Education

Autumn is not only the beginning of a new academic year, but also the time of the main professional holidays in the field of education. On October 2, our country celebrates the Day of Vocational Education Workers, on October 5 the whole world celebrates Teacher's Day.

The profession of a teacher, one who teaches how to live and work, is rightfully considered not only one of the most ancient, but also one of the most significant andrespected in the world. For centuries, it combines tradition and innovation, carries a huge humanistic charge. It is teachers, mentors and craftsmen - regardless of whether they teach preschoolers, students of general education institutions or institutions of secondary and higher professional education - who pass on the baton of creativity to the representatives of the younger generation and preserve eternal values.

The system of vocational education for future workers began to take shape in pre-revolutionary Russia. At large factories and factories, vocational schools were organized, where students, under the guidance of experienced craftsmen and engineers, learned the basics of the future profession and professional techniques that made it possible to do the job as correctly as possible. The industrial training system developed by Russian engineers at the Moscow Technical School was demonstrated at international exhibitions in Philadelphia (1876), in Paris (1900) with constant success..

The system of vocational education has changed and improved. Schools of factory apprenticeships were created in the Soviet Union (FZU, students of the factory head teacher system were affectionately called "fabzaychats"). FZU existed from 1920 to 1940.

On October 2, 1940, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the State Labor Reserves of the USSR" was adopted. The purpose of creating a new system was the formation of a unified state system for the training of qualified specialists and the systematic mass training of qualified workers.

October 2 is celebrated by the system of training qualified workers in our country (institutions of vocational education (vocational schools), advanced training courses for workers, retraining courses for workers) as a professional holiday. On this day, all educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational education celebrate their professional holiday.

The first educational institutions that provided vocational training appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century on the initiative of Peter the Great at the Tula arms factory, the Ural mining factories, in Moscow at the Prokhorovskaya Trekhgornaya Manufactory weaving factory. To obtain working professions, capable people were selected from among the schools soldiers, children of artisans and peasants. Those who completed the full course of study were awarded the qualification of a scientific master.

The birthday of the system of vocational education was October 2, 1940, when the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On the State Labor Reserves of the USSR” was adopted, which defined three types of schools: trade schools, railway schools and factory training schools. These schools were created in the shortest possible time. Admission to them was carried out through conscription (mobilization), as well as in the order of voluntary recruitment of young people.

At all times, people have recognized that almost any occupation can become prestigious - it all depends on how a person will work, because each profession has its own specifics, its own values ​​and its own heroes. And, of course, almost every profession has its own holiday - its own professional holiday - one of the reasons to get together and feel the significance and importance of the work performed.

Currently, there are more than 2.5 thousand institutions of vocational primary education and the same number of institutions of secondary vocational education in Russia, with more than 2 million people studying in them. The Russian authorities call the issue of training workers a key one - the country urgently needs specialists who work in a high-tech industry, including those who operate technically sophisticated modern production equipment, and therefore we treat with great attention and respect those who train workers so necessary for the country frames.

The system of vocational education for future workers began to take shape in pre-revolutionary Russia. At large factories and factories, vocational schools were organized, where students, under the guidance of experienced craftsmen and engineers, learned the basics of the future profession and professional techniques that made it possible to do the job as correctly as possible. The industrial training system developed by Russian engineers at the Moscow Technical School was demonstrated at international exhibitions in Philadelphia (1876) and Paris (1900) with constant success.

The system of vocational education has changed and improved. Schools of factory apprenticeships were created in the Soviet Union (FZU, students of the factory teacher system were affectionately called "fabzaychats"). FZU existed from 1920 to 1940.

The birthday of the system of vocational education was October 2, 1940, when the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the state labor reserves of the USSR" was adopted. Since then, this day has been a professional holiday in our country.

Dear Colleagues!

We heartily congratulate YOU on Vocational Education Day and Teacher's Day.

The life of a teacher, a master of industrial training and all educators is devoted to training and education. How much energy YOU spend daily and hourly! The result of YOUR work is sometimes not immediately visible, but it is undoubtedly significant and tangible! YOU put a piece of your soul into every student. YOU make sure that each of them becomes a personality, a wonderful specialist, a highly qualified professional and just a good Person.

May kindness and wisdom never run out in YOUR hearts, may the fire of sincere devotion to your work never go out.

We wish YOU, dear colleagues, good health and prosperity, patience and optimism.

Dear teachers!

Please accept my heartfelt congratulations on the Day

vocational education and Teacher's Day!

There are a lot of professions

But to master them

Each student has

There must be a mentor.

Mentor or teacher

That's not even the point

The profession is

That they can't rest.

So let in your life -

Everything will be five!

Love, kindness, smiles

Less tired!

Every year on October 2, Russia celebrates the Day of Vocational Education Workers. This is a holiday of teachers and masters of industrial training, students of vocational educational institutions, which once again reminds us of the importance of training qualified personnel for all spheres of human activity.

Brief history of the holiday

During the Second World War, in order to prepare a reserve of qualified workers, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 2, 1940 "On the State Labor Reserves of the USSR" created a network of trade and railway schools with a two-year training period and schools of FZO (factory training) with six and ten months of study. In special vocational schools, the period of study was 3-4 years, in art schools - 3 years.
They recruited to these institutions in two ways: by conscription or at will.

In the order of conscription (mobilization), the chairmen of the collective farms were obliged to allocate annually two young males aged 14–15 years old to trade and railway schools and 16–17 years old to factory training schools for every 100 members of collective farms, counting men and women. women aged 14 to 55 years, and the city Soviets of Working People's Deputies were obliged to allocate annually male youth aged 14–15 years to vocational and railway schools and 16–17 years old to factory training schools in the amount annually established by the Council People's Commissars of the USSR.

The students were in the barracks and were fully supported by the state (food, uniforms, hostel, textbooks, teaching aids). From October 1940 to 1950, the Soviet government spent more than 36 billion rubles on the maintenance of educational institutions of the State Labor Reserves.

Today in the Russian Federation more than 700 thousand students study in 1007 institutions of secondary vocational education (according to the Federal State Statistics Service).

The birthday of the system of vocational education was October 2, 1940, when the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On the State Labor Reserves of the USSR” was adopted, which defined three types of schools: trade schools, railway schools and factory training schools. These schools were created in the shortest possible time. Admission to them was carried out through conscription (mobilization), as well as in the order of voluntary recruitment of young people.

It is thanks to the system of vocational education that young people awaken an interest in real practical knowledge that they need in life.

In the Soviet era, this was called "labor reserves" - the productive forces of society, they are people who produce material values, they are also skilled workers.

Even Peter the Great, in parallel with the notorious cutting through of a window to Europe, issued a decree: “Mobilize everyone for work, for the state service, so that no one is walking around!”, And in 1701 the first craft school in Russia was opened.

Since then, vocational education has developed as a priority and under the auspices of the state.

“We need a well-educated working class,” said Anatoly Lunacharsky, Commissar for Education. In July 1920, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On educational vocational service" was signed. All workers from 18 to 40 years of age were required to study, and evasion from study threatened with severe punishments. This was supposed to eliminate technical illiteracy.

It was on October 2 that the orchestra played in the foyer of the technical school, the violin sounded and concerts were held dedicated to teachers, masters of industrial training and, of course, our veterans!

Congratulations to the teacher psychologist Balakina Marina Anatolyevna and the teacher of special disciplines Chinenkov Dmitry Valentinovich with the presentation of the Certificate of Honor of the Ministry of Education of the Nizhny Novgorod Region.

With a musical gift from the administration of the Pavlovsky district came to congratulate his colleagues Deputy Head Lisin Dmitry Nikolaevich.

Many thanks to all the masters of industrial training and students of the technical school who prepared this festive event!

Dear leaders, teachers and masters of industrial training, students and graduates of the vocational education system of the Nizhny Novgorod region!

Please accept my most sincere congratulations on the birthday of vocational education.

The system of vocational education has made and is making an invaluable contribution to the development of industry, construction, the service sector, medium and small businesses, solving the issues of training competent workers and specialists for our country as a whole and the republic in particular. Currently, vocational education is developing dynamically, keeping pace with the modernization of production, improving the methods of training and education of the younger generation.

With all their hearts, the employees of the Pavlovsk Automotive Technical School congratulate on their professional holiday and express their sincere gratitude and appreciation to everyone who makes a worthy contribution to the formation and development of vocational education, who continues to work in it at the present time. Special words of gratitude to the veterans of the vocational school, who have made an invaluable contribution to the training of workers and the upbringing of the younger generation.

I wish you good health, earthly blessings and success in all your endeavors!

Dear teachers and masters of industrial training, students of the vocational education system!

Please accept my sincere congratulations on this important holiday for all of us, which once again reminds us of the importance of training qualified personnel for all spheres of human activity. Patience to you, health and prosperity!

A bit of history

During the Second World War, in order to prepare a reserve of qualified workers, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 2, 1940 "On the State Labor Reserves of the USSR" created a network of trade and railway schools with a two-year training period and schools of FZO (factory training) with six and ten months of study. In special vocational schools, the period of study was 3-4 years, in art schools - 3 years.

Personnel training in the system of the State Labor Reserves was supervised by the Main Directorate of Labor Reserves.

In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 2, 1940 "On the State Labor Reserves of the USSR", the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was granted the right to annually call (mobilize) from 800 thousand to 1 million urban and collective farm youth males aged 14 –15 years for training in trade and railway schools and at the age of 16–17 for training in factory training schools.

In the order of conscription (mobilization), the chairmen of the collective farms were obliged to allocate annually two young males aged 14–15 years old to trade and railway schools and 16–17 years old to factory training schools for every 100 members of collective farms, counting men and women. women aged 14 to 55 years, and the city Soviets of Working People's Deputies were obliged to allocate annually male youth aged 14–15 years to vocational and railway schools and 16–17 years old to factory training schools in the amount annually established by the Council People's Commissars of the USSR.

The students were in the barracks and were fully supported by the state (food, uniforms, hostel, textbooks, teaching aids). From October 1940 to 1950, the Soviet government spent more than 36 billion rubles on the maintenance of educational institutions of the State Labor Reserves.

All graduates of vocational schools, railway schools and schools of factory training were considered mobilized, were required to work for four years in a row at state enterprises at the direction of the Main Directorate of Labor Reserves under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (with the provision of wages at their place of work on a common basis) and enjoyed deferrals for conscription into the Red Army and the Navy for a time before the expiration of the period required for work at state enterprises.

In May 1941 alone, the educational institutions of the State Labor Reserves graduated 250,000 young workers for industry, construction, and railway transport. During the Great Patriotic War, educational institutions of vocational education trained 2.48 million young skilled workers. In total, for the period 1941-1951, the training system provided the national economy of the USSR with about 6.3 million young skilled workers.

The call (mobilization) of young people to trade and railway schools, which are part of the system of the Main Directorate of Labor Reserves under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 2, 1940 "On the State Labor Reserves of the USSR" was canceled in 1953 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council USSR dated September 10, 1953 "On the abolition of the conscription (mobilization) of young people in vocational and railway schools."

In 1959, all educational institutions that were previously part of the system of the State Labor Reserves and most of the departmental educational institutions that train workers were transformed into vocational schools with a term of study from 1 to 3 years and into rural vocational schools with a term of study of 1 -2 years. In the same year, the educational institutions of the State Labor Reserves were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Union republics, and the Main Directorate of Labor Reserves under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (which had previously been in charge of these educational institutions) was transformed into the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for vocational education. (wikipedia .org)