Relevance of the topic. On the eve of the XXI century. Europe faced a difficult "task" of ensuring sustainable development dynamics at a new qualitative level in the context of internal transformation - and intensification of world economic competition: In the context of increasing globalization, these world economic processes are increasingly affecting the process of trade and economic relations in Europe (Western, Eastern , South) The deep involvement of the region in international trade, as well as the growing influence of global capital migration affects.

The 1990s, especially their second half, became a period of comprehensive and deep rationalization and sanitation of national economies both at the macro and micro levels, the beginning of reforming the economic models of European countries and, finally, a significant breakthrough in the process of regional integration. Qualitative changes in European economic policy and in relations between the state and private business can be attributed to the defining conditions for the socio-economic development of Europe.

All the main political forces of the EU countries, including Spain, will proceed from the following general principles and directions of transformation:

Stimulating the economic growth of national economies as the basis for social progress in the region;

Increasing the efficiency of production, due to the better use of technological and innovative potential, progressive changes in the sectoral structure of national economies, an increase in the share of knowledge-intensive, resource- and labor-saving industries, informatization of various areas;

Mitigation of the problem of unemployment, in particular, through the development of alternative forms of employment, reducing the length of the working week and lengthening paid holidays;

Restructuring the education sector in order to bring it closer to the needs of production; as well as the development of a system of continuous specialized retraining - personnel for - expanding employment - and increasing mobility in the labor market; raising the level of education and professional, training of an employee, his business culture will be perceived by the population as a necessary condition for maintaining jobs in the new production structure;

Modernization of social security systems with a wider participation of private capital and private initiatives in the social sphere, strengthening targeted support for those in need; the gradual formation of a single social order in the EU;

Development and expansion of the policy of "participation" of employees in the management of enterprises, their own and profits;

Development of mechanisms for protecting the environment, taking into account the growing pressure of environmental movements;

Bringing the results of integration to a specific person - ensuring real freedom of choice of profession, place of work and residence, movement within the entire Union, the right of EU citizens to elect and be elected to local and national legislative bodies in the country of residence (in the EU), regardless of citizenship;

Achieving quality of life parameters that meet the requirements of the 21st century, increasing free time for education, leisure and self-realization of a person.

The current state of the world economy at this stage of development is characterized by the processes of globalization, increased competition in the market for goods and services.

As in international politics, in the world economy, allied relations are developing between individual countries, which mean something more than just a trading partnership. The nature and depth of these relations are different, but the desire to intensify mutually beneficial economic cooperation and jointly resist competition and trade expansion from outside remains common.1

In the foreign economic relations of different countries, issues of cooperation in all areas are resolved through the preservation, deepening, and development of bilateral ties. One example of such "international cooperation" is the Spanish-Russian trade and economic relations, which have been especially actively developing over the past 8 years.

If in the 1990s there was practically no progress in trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia, then, starting from 2002, a certain expansion of economic ties can be observed.

Many experts believe that the general level of economic relations, as well as their positive impact on the national economic complexes of both countries, has the potential of opportunities that both Spain and Russia have.

A number of prerequisites that play an important role in the foreign economic relations of Spain! with Russia, determine the further intensive development of mutual cooperation, traditional business and historically established trade and economic ties, the most important prerequisite for which is a reliable contractual and legal basis.

It should be noted that during the global financial crisis, Spain suffered, like many other EU countries. Recently, various economic recovery programs have been successfully operating in Spain. According to many reputable experts; the country must quickly get out of the crisis. Tendencies to expand and strengthen trade and economic cooperation between Spain and Russia prevail in the country.

Thus, the development of economic relations between the two countries requires not only in-depth analysis, but in-depth scientific study

1 O.T. Bogomolov. World Economy in the Age of Globalization: Textbook - M.: Economics, 2007. - P. 135. of this issue, which actualizes the topic of this dissertation research.

Goals and objectives of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the "development of Spanish-Russian trade and economic relations in the current decade at the country * and corporate level, the scientific substantiation of measures aimed at expanding them. In this regard, the following research tasks are set in the work:

To identify the factors and features of the development of trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia in the past and present, to conduct a comparative analysis in this area;

Highlight current trends in the development of Spanish-Russian trade and economic relations;

Analyze the main factors that determine the dynamics of and. the structure of trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia in the energy, food and processing industries, and the tourism services sector;

Establish the reasons hindering the implementation of the achieved level of bilateral economic cooperation, reducing its effectiveness;

Develop specific recommendations for improving trade and economic relations between the two countries, based on an analysis of the prospects for their development and the policy of strategic partnership declared by the political leadership of Spain and Russia;

Justify the need to develop mechanisms to promote the development of Spanish large, medium and small businesses in the Russian market;

Show the dynamics of the role of Spain in strengthening cooperation with Russia in the framework of the development of the European Union.

The object of the research is trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia.

The subject of the study is the issues of foreign trade relations between Spain and Russia, which have an impact on the economic development of the two countries in the new world and socio-economic conditions; the main factors that influenced the scale, dynamics and forms of these relations in the period from 2002 to the present; prospects for economic cooperation in the industrial, scientific and technical, investment fields; the structure of imports to Russia from Spain, as well as Russian exports to Spain; prospects for further development of bilateral economic ties.

The degree of development of the topic. A number of important aspects of Spain's economic relations with Russia are touched upon in studies like. from Russian Spanish economists, for example Avilova A.V., Vernikova B.JL, Davydov V.M., Danilevich I.V., Ermolyeva E.G., Kalinina E.Yu., Ponedelko G.N., Prokhorenko I.L. , Semenova V.A., Sidorenko T.V., Sinelytsikova I.G., Teperman V.A., Henkina S.M., Shvets E.A., Shkolyara N.A., Yakovlev P.P., and Spanish scientists working in this scientific field, such as: V. Albero, D. Anisi, C. Arenillas, A. Barrera de Irimo, J. M. Campa Fernández, R. Carande, J. Cordero, G. Fernández Diez, A. Flores de Lemus, E. Fuentes Quintana, L. de Guindos Jurado, Ch. Izquierdo, P. Jues, A. Martínez Estévez, A. Sanchez, V. Tayar, A. Ullastres.

However, these works did not directly consider the task of analyzing the prospects for the development of trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia, and the conclusions and recommendations contained in them currently require clarification and development, taking into account the nporpècca of bilateral trade and economic ties.

Despite the importance and relevance of the development of trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia, the level of scientific elaboration of this topic seems to be insufficient.

Scientific study of the development of Spanish-Russian economic relations is limited to the level of macro-circulation - in the leading research economic institutions of Spain and Russia, since this corresponds to the functions of public administration in both countries. However, detailing and summarizing the positive experience of international economic cooperation is the prerogative of industry and private research structures, which, judging by the publications, have not yet considered these issues in sufficient depth and diversification.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the dissertation are the works of Russian and foreign scientists (Jadish Bhagwati) on the problems of the world economy, international economic relations and foreign economic relations of Russia, in particular Spanish-Russian relations and processes within the EU. In preparing the study, the works of Russian scientists were used: Bogomolov O.T., Batizi E.E., Bykov A.N., Voloshin V.I., Polyakova V.V., Smitienko B.M., Spartak A.N. and etc.

The information base of this study was “such documents as: Trade Agreement between the Government of the USSR and the Government of Spain (dated October 27, 1990); Agreement on economic and industrial cooperation (11.04.1994); Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion on income and capital (16.12.1998); Agreement on cooperation and mutual assistance in customs matters (14.06.2000); Memorandum of Mutual Assistance on Industrial and Technological Cooperation (10.05.1999); Declaration on strategic partnership between the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Spain (01.03.2009); Memorandum of Understanding in the field of energy (01.03.2009); Cooperation Agreement between the Russian company OAO Gazprom and the Spanish Gas Natural (01.03.2009); Memorandum of Understanding between OJSC NES Alliance and Técnicas Reunidas (03/01/2009); Memorandum of intent on cooperation between INTER RAO UES and Iberdrola (01.03.2009); Memorandum of understanding; between the state corporation "Development Bank" and foreign economic; activities” (Vnesheconombank) and the State Insurance Agency of Spain “SEBSE” (01.03.2009); Agreement: in the field of tourism (01.03.2009); Protocol on the development of cooperation between JSC "Russian Railways", the Administration of the railway? ADIF infrastructure and RENFE OPERADORA (01.03.2009); Memorandum of Cooperation between OTSHRO BAMOUAT, RZD OJSC and Transmashholding CJSC (03/01/2009) and others, statistical and analytical Russian, Spanish and international materials, reports and forecasts of the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade of Spain, the Institute of Foreign Trade of Spain, the Ministry economic development of Russia, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia^ reviews of banks in Russia and Spain^ a number of industry organizations, companies, as well as periodicals; printing in Russian, Spanish and English.

The dissertation uses publications of specialists from the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Latin America of the Russian Academy of Sciences, materials from the websites of the Trade and Economic Representation of Spain in Russia, as well as the Trade Representation of Russia in Spain, the Institute for Foreign Trade of Spain, the Ministry of Economic Development-Russia .

The scientific novelty of the study consists in identifying the key factors and prerequisites for the formation of long-term and sustainable Spanish-Russian trade and economic relations and developing scientific recommendations regarding the prospects for the development of these relations in the context of the ongoing political, economic and monetary stabilization and post-crisis development of both countries.

The author is in the present. dissertation solves the following research tasks: on the basis of a comparative analysis of the problems of the socio-economic development of Spain and Russia, to show the prerequisites for the growth of their mutual trade and economic cooperation, taking into account Spain's belonging to the European economic space, as a member of the EU;

To identify the factors hindering the development of cooperation between Spain and Russia in the field of foreign policy and foreign trade, taking into account the consequences of the global financial crisis; to establish objective and subjective reasons that counteract the political and economic rapprochement between Spain and Russia in the Francoist, post-Francian periods and at the present stage;

Consider the possibilities of Spanish mediation for the development of relations between Russia and the EU;

Substantiate the main directions of the strategy of trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia in the context of European Union policy;

The solution of these problems was carried out on the basis of scientific methodology, including system analysis, retrospective and comparative analysis, statistical generalization, synthetic approach, methods of deduction and induction, etc.

The main points to be defended are:

The place and role of trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia in the development of the economies of these countries, which makes it possible to reasonably determine the ways of qualitative improvement and growth of their cooperation in various fields;

The reasons hindering the implementation of the achieved level of bilateral economic cooperation, reducing its effectiveness, and specific recommendations developed by the author for further improvement of trade and economic relations" between the two countries, based on an analysis of the prospects for their development and the policy of strategic partnership declared by the political leadership of Spain and Russia ;

The need to develop mechanisms to promote the development of Spanish large, medium and small businesses in the Russian market (basic and additional, special measures);

Importance of modernization of the fuel and energy complex, the metallurgical industry of Russia.

The scientific and practical significance of the work is:

In identifying the features of the socio-economic development of Spain in the context of the requirements of the modern world economy; in determining the role of Spain in the system of international economic integration;

In conducting an analysis of the dynamics of the growth of the role of Spain in the EU in the process of the development of the European Union, strengthening its cooperation with Russia;

In highlighting the main trends in the development of Spanish-Russian trade and economic relations;

In the analysis of the main factors determining the dynamics and structure of the Spanish-Russian trade and economic relations in the energy, food industry, and tourism services sectors;

In clarifying the place and role of trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia in the development of the economies of these countries;

In determining the reasons hindering the implementation of the achieved level of bilateral economic cooperation; in developing recommendations for improving trade and economic relations between the two countries, based on an analysis of the prospects for their development and the policy of strategic partnership declared by the political leadership of Spain and Russia;

In substantiating the need to develop, mechanisms to promote the development of Spanish large, medium and small businesses in the Russian market.

The work complements and develops existing research in the given field. The practical significance of the work lies in the study of the development of Spanish-Russian trade and economic cooperation, which makes it possible to enhance the practical results of trade and economic cooperation between both countries in specific industries and areas of activity. The work may be of interest to both civil servants and commercial structures, industry unions and analysts in the development of foreign economic cooperation between Spain and Russia. The materials of this work are also focused on their use in the preparation of relevant sections of training courses in the universities of Spain and Russia.

Approbation of the research results.

Various aspects of the work were reflected in two articles in journals recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission, the results of the research were presented by the author at the 13th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Actual Problems of Management - 2008", the 23rd All-Russian Scientific Conference of Young Scientists and Students "Reforms in Russia and management problems - 2008".

The volume of publications on the topic is 1.95 p.l.

The structure and scope of the dissertation work is determined by the goals and objectives set. The dissertation consists of an introduction, 3 chapters, 9 paragraphs, a conclusion, a list of references and an appendix. The work has 172 pages, 24 tables, 8 figs.

CONCLUSION

By the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, international relations have been seriously transformed. In the relations of the leading world powers, there has been a transition” from confrontation to cooperation, including trade and economic cooperation.

In the proposed work, an attempt was made to highlight such phenomena as the mutual integration of Spain and Russia in the trade and economic space.

The performed studies allowed us to draw a conclusion and formulate recommendations:

The global financial crisis has affected economic stability in many countries of the world, including Russia and Spain. Despite this, Russia was able to overcome the main difficulties of this period, which cannot be said about Spain, because. the existing programs to rescue various Spanish sectors of the economy (construction market, automotive industry, financial sector) do not cope with their function. Unemployment remains a common problem for all sectors of the Spanish economy, so it was necessary to create and implement additional stronger programs to save the Spanish economy. The result of the actions of the additional package of anti-crisis measures can be seen only at the end of 2011.

As for relations between Spain and Russia, it is important to emphasize that over the past years they have developed quite successfully, although the issue of a visa-free regime between the two countries, as well as issues related to the energy sector, has not yet been resolved. The study notes that, thanks to the joint work of the two countries, positive results have been achieved, which in the future can be improved and expanded. However, this is only possible if, both at the macro and micro levels, the states continue to improve and strengthen the legal framework for cooperation and act in strict accordance with the fundamental principles of international trade and economic agreements. Thanks to this, many issues will be resolved that will improve and develop trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia.

In this study; the author develops the thesis that the development of the Spanish; and the Russian economy is impossible without its consistent integration into the system of international economic relations, including the European Union.

The dissertation examines in his work a set of legislative norms that guarantee and ensure legislative interests in the field of trade and economic cooperation between Spain and Russia in accordance with the standards of the European Union and the WTO.

The paper emphasizes that the development of cooperation not only between large, but medium and small businesses is essential for maintaining and expanding such relations between the two states. That is why it is necessary to closely link and coordinate fundamental documents such as treaties, memorandums, agreements; as well as the exchange of statistical data that regulate the trade and economic relations of both countries.

The paper also notes that the statistical data of the two countries do not match, which negatively affects the forecasting and planning of business trade and economic relations, therefore, closer contacts are needed between the General Customs Administration of Spain and the Federal Customs Service of Russia, as well as the National Institute of Statistics of Spain and the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia. The exchange of data by the above state structures contributes to obtaining reliable information.

In the dissertation, much attention is also paid to the need to develop and modernize Russia's worn-out gas and oil infrastructures. It is emphasized that in; this Russia will be able to provide effective assistance, Spanish companies that are ready not only to import Russian; gas and oil, but also to invest in the fuel and energy complex. Russia. In addition, Spain: ready to invest in renewable energy sources in Russia, as well as to offer. Russia to act” as a partner-investor in other countries. This will allow the two countries to develop new technologies more efficiently and at a faster pace and earn stable profits.

Russia is interested in diversifying its exports to Spain, in increasing high-tech goods in it, therefore, the work pays great attention to the issue of the structure of mutual trade.

Much attention is paid to the issue of corruption in Russia, which, as emphasized in the study, has a negative impact on the investment of Spanish companies in Russian projects. Most Spanish companies do not want to take risks and still believe that it is dangerous to directly invest in Russia, as there is instability in the political system and in the economy. Small and medium-sized businesses are the most vulnerable, so it is necessary to create conditions for their entry into the Russian market. Only in this case (if it is possible to neutralize corruption circles) will trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia develop successfully.

An important problem remains the issue of improving the tax, customs and sanitary requirements for Spanish products supplied to Russia, as well as Russian products that are imported to Spain; The author talks about the need to relax the above requirements, which will have a positive impact on bilateral trade and economic relations.

Based on condition analysis; and the potential for cooperation between large, medium and small businesses in Spain and Russia, it is concluded that there are favorable opportunities for further deepening and expanding trade and economic relations.

The study also allows us to conclude that the achievements in the field of trade and economic relations between Spain and Russia in recent years and the emerging progress in the economies of both countries allow us to hope for further intensification and development of these ties in the future.

In order to intensify this process, make it more dynamic and developing, it is necessary to take into account and eliminate all the above problems that have accumulated in the political and economic realities of Spanish-Russian relations, primarily trade and economic ones.

We hope that this work will help everyone who deals with these problems and participates in their solution.

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