house on st. Gorokhovaya where Rsputin lived

Valentin Rasputin was born on March 15, 1937 in the village of Ust-Uda, on the banks of the Angara, three hundred kilometers from Irkutsk. His childhood passed in the same places, in a village with a beautiful, melodious name Atalanka.

“The most important thing,” the writer recalled, “is that I still had the courage and intelligence to be born in remote Siberia ... In the village, where everything was still present - language, and old customs, and traditions, and people, as they say, of the former still formation. That is, they were not spoiled at all ... My father worked as a postmaster and he had a shortage ... He rode a steamer, drank, and they cut off his bag with money. The money is small, but for this little money they were given long terms. They came to describe the property ... But what kind of property did we have? Mother has only a Singer sewing machine. But the village helped: they smashed our simple property into their huts. There was nothing to describe... Poverty. And then the village brought more than we had. That's what the relationship was like. Survived together. Otherwise it was impossible. After Stalin's death, my father returned and worked in the timber industry. But health was no longer the same. In Kolyma, he worked in the mines, it's not so easy ... We lived with my grandmother. They lived in poverty... The whole village lived in poverty. But the taiga and the river helped out ... I disappeared for days on the river ... ”.

The writer believed that it was the Angara, on the banks of which he spent his childhood, who brought him up, taught him the profession. And from this great Siberian river, he learned fairy tales that still sound in him. In Rasputin's prose - both in "Farewell to Matyora", and in "Deadline", and in the story "Live and Remember", where the consonance of Atamanovka is remotely but clearly guessed, the village of Atalanka will subsequently appear to us. It fell into the flood zone when, after the construction of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, a huge artificial reservoir arose. People from the childhood of Valentin Rasputin will become his literary heroes. In the words of Victor Hugo, "the beginnings laid down in a person's childhood are like letters carved on the bark of a young tree, growing, unfolding with him, forming an integral part of him." Valentin Rasputin also wrote about this in 1974 in the Irkutsk newspaper "Soviet Youth":

“I am sure that what makes a person a writer is his childhood, the ability at an early age to see and feel everything that then gives him the right to take up a pen. Education, books, life experience educate and strengthen this gift in the future, but it should be born in childhood.

Immediately after the Great Patriotic War, Rasputin went to study in the regional center. He would later write a short story about it, "French Lessons," which would be made into a film in 1978.

“... For the prototype,” Valentin Grigorievich recalled, “you didn’t have to go far. That boy was me. There was a lot of fiction, of course. The teacher didn't play with me for money. But she helped. She sent a parcel of pasta… She doesn’t remember it, but I remember… For a country boy, French, all these pronunciations, pronunciation… I didn’t always succeed… But gradually I typed and spoke well. Later, when I was in France, my language was enough to explain myself ... But I loved it very much ... I memorized some poems ... I, a country boy, study French ... This lifted me to an incredible height. In the 19th century, only the nobles could speak French, but here I am studying ... Some kind of peculiarity ... Maybe this prompted me to start writing a little ” .

Irkutsk is the first city that young Rasputin came to. He entered the university at the Faculty of History and Philology. Remembering those years, the writer smiled: they say, it was not difficult, the main thing was to distinguish Pushkin from Mayakovsky ... He prepared himself for the pedagogical field, wanted to become a good teacher, and therefore studied as roughly as before, read a lot. After graduating from university, Rasputin worked on television, then in a newspaper. Soon, his essays began to be published in the Angara anthology, and in the same place in 1961 his first story “I forgot to ask Leshka ...” appeared.

At the end of the Khrushchev "thaw", instead of routine journalism, he decided to work more actively in the literary field. In 1966, the East Siberian Book Publishing House published Rasputin's first book, The Land Near the Sky. And a year later, his story "Money for Mary" made the name of the young Siberian known to all reading Russia. Rasputin was admitted to the Writers' Union of the USSR.

Today, recalling the first steps of Rasputin in Russian literature, they note that syllable, dialect, the preservation of the living Russian language of the regions of Siberia, where the heroes of his works lived. Then, in the distant 60s, readers gratefully felt the spiritual truth and originality of the living language in the works of Valentin Rasputin. The writer created in his stories and novels - such as "Vasily and Vasilisa", "Deadline", "Farewell to Matyora", "Live and Remember", "Fire" - a picture of the era, giving a second wind to Russian realistic prose. Over the years, in his prose, the reflection of the Christian view of people and the world became more and more clearly visible.

In 1977, Rasputin received the State Prize of the USSR for the story "Live and Remember". Valentin Grigorievich was only 40. And at that time he was perhaps the youngest laureate writer.

Life in big cities - first in Irkutsk, and then in Moscow - did not change Rasputin. Many of his works gradually made up "a real epic of a dying rural life, dying, but inhabited by amazing people who carry the genetic memory of the powerful roots of the Russian peasantry."

So thought one of his friends, the famous restorer Savely Yamshchikov, who was surprised at the very beginning of their acquaintance, “like Rasputin, then a young man, knows the life of the village so deeply and talks about it, as if he had spent more than one century among its inhabitants.” The story “Farewell to Matyora” is a piercing story about the fate of an island Siberian village, which, in the name of technological progress, after the flood of the Brotherly Sea, went under water along with centuries-old houses and a local cemetery.

Let us turn again to the memoirs of Valentin Grigorievich:

“Among Russian names, the most common, indigenous ones, the name “Matera” exists everywhere, throughout all the expanses of Russia. We also have it, in Siberia. I took it wisely. The name must mean something. The surname should mean something, not just a random surname. And even more so the name of the old village, the old land. The motherland was already leaving, the motherland was flooded, - this is “Farewell to Matyora”. This was the main job for me. No short stories, no other stories. Maybe that's what I was needed for. For this, I somehow saved myself.”

The writer, literary critic Alexei Varlamov believes that Valentin Grigorievich, who wrote "Farewell to Matyora" - "an eschatological story about time that has strained, ended and exhausted itself", "... of course, not a villager, as the galaxy was called with the light hand of an unknown critic the most talented and conscientious writers of the late Soviet era - Astafiev, Belov, Shukshin, Mozhaev, Abramov ... ". “Valentin Rasputin,” A. Varlamov emphasizes, “is the only modern writer of an apocalyptic, and not at all journalistic, warehouse, he is one of those who are on the border, on the invisible boundary separating life and death, the temporal and the eternal, hence his keen interest to the theme of death. This is a writer endowed with a deep gift of foreboding and insight. But here not onlyto his talent, but also the cross.

If earlier Rasputin sought to present readers with a benevolent image of a God-bearing people, then in 1985, after a ten-year “silence”, prophetically looking into the post-Soviet era of the 1990s, he publishes “Fire” - a terrible story with an apocalyptic scene of mass looting, anger, mutual hatred, fights over booty: a rural warehouse is on fire in a Siberian village, and instead of putting out the flames, the locals are taking away everything that has not yet died in the flames to their homes ...

In the last years of his life, the writer lived in Moscow and Irkutsk.

According to Valentin Rasputin, the Russian language and national culture cannot exist separately from the Russian land. It is imperative to be in your homeland, sharing its hardships, living its aspirations, growing together with the memory of your ancestors in the Fatherland... Taking care of the land, cultivating it, talking to it, touching it with your hands. Then, as he put it, the earth "begins to work", to transfer its energy to the people who inhabit it, help their people, make them kinder and more whole!

On the night of March 14-15, 2015, a few hours before his 78th birthday, Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin died. He's been gone for a year now...

Vladimir Nikolayevich Krupin, who was friends with Rasputin for 43 years and saw him off on his last journey to Irkutsk, then responded to the death of a friend and ally:

“No matter how sad and tragic this loss, this farewell to a person, a writer, there is a feeling of joy in the fact that he did so much for Russian literature and Russia. And that feeling of joy covers the bitterness of farewell. What a huge number of books, prose, articles he wrote! He was not only a writer, but also a public figure. I am sure that Valentin Rasputin is the leading Russian writer of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. He preserved the heritage of Russian classical literature, realism. Rasputin was a man of tragic forebodings, a man of great warning intensity - he talked about how Russia was dying, what was happening to her, how she was burning, how she was being flooded. But at the same time, in his works there was always a certainty that such a country and such a people would always be immortal. His main testament is love for Russia, care for her and work for the sake of Russia…”.

http://webkamerton.ru/…/pozhar-%E2%80%93-foreseeing-valen…/

“The great bell of Russian literature has died down,” film director Sergei Miroshnichenko said about the death of the writer Valentin Rasputin. It is around this image that the space of the exhibition "Near Light from Afar", dedicated to the memory of the writer, is built. It opened on March 11 at the Museum Studio of the Irkutsk Regional Museum of Local Lore.

The film is dedicated to the fate and work of the outstanding writer of our time, Valentin Rasputin. His novels and stories "Deadline", "French Lessons", "Live and Remember", "Farewell to Matera" can rightfully be called classics.
The film is based on conversations with the writer, his reflections on the fate of literature and culture, on the problems of modern society. The writer tells about the story "Ivan's daughter, Ivan's mother".

One of the darkest pages in the history of Russia was left by Grigory Efimovich Rasputin. He was born according to the updated data of the historian A. Chernyshev on January 10, 1869 in the village of Pokrovskoye, Tobolsk province, in a peasant family. His parents were peasants Efim Yakovlevich and Anna Vasilievna. In addition to Gregory, the family had a daughter, Theodosius, born in 1875. Pokrovskoye stood on the high bank of the Tura River, which flows into the full-flowing and fishy Irtysh. The village was not poor. The Siberian taiga with its innumerable riches stretched around. The nearest merchant town of Tobolsk, which flourished at that time on trade with the North, was at least 100 kilometers away, which could only be overcome by river: by water or by snow on a sleigh in winter. During the thaw, the connection of the village with the outside world was interrupted.

The young and young years of Rasputin are covered with darkness and conflicting information remains about them. But according to the testimonies of fellow villagers, Grishka Rasputin grew up thieving and rowdy, especially in hops, for which he was beaten more than once. From a very young age, tall and bold beyond his years, Gregory began to whore with rural girls. He, in the footsteps of his father, took up a cart, which further contributed to this his strongest passion, which he carried through his whole life. He realized early on that any woman desires natural intimacy with the right man, and he mastered the art of seducing the suffering fair sex.

On one of his trips, Rasputin ended up in the Verkhoturyansky Monastery, where ordinary monks and whips, members of a forbidden sect, lived. Young Rasputin spent 4 months among the whips, participating in their orgies. These orgies carry the memory of Slavic paganism, when sexual doomsday was allowed on certain days. Whips carefully prepared for their ritual orgies, hiding them from strangers. They came to secret houses or deep forests and sang songs. Then they began to dance, accelerating the rhythm of ritual dances and bringing themselves to a state of ecstasy. At the end of the orgy, they tore off their clothes and copulated randomly.

On his return from the whips, the eighteen-year-old Rasputin on February 2, 1887, married a girl from his village, Praskovya Fedorovna Dubrovina, who was three years older than him. They had five children, three sons and two daughters, Maria and Barbara. The eldest son Mikhail died at the age of 4 from scarlet fever (1889-1893). Four-month-old George died of dysentery in 1894. Dmitry survived, but turned out to be mentally handicapped. Rasputin subsequently took his daughters to St. Petersburg and gave them a decent education.

Exhausting peasant labor did not attract Rasputin, and he fell into vagrancy. Rasputin has changed dramatically. visited monasteries. Visited an Orthodox monastery on the sacred Greek Mount Athos. Twice he reached the holy city of Christians, Jerusalem. In these wanderings, Rasputin acquired knowledge and experience, which he later used at the royal court.

Grigory Rasputin was undoubtedly a naturally gifted man. He possessed a hypnotic gift and mastered the art of strong influence on a certain kind of people. All people who knew Rasputin emphasized the unusual power of the gaze of the "old man". Rasputin began to be called the “Holy Elder” for his rich experience gained in wanderings and wanderings, and the ability to heal the souls of believers.

Here is a portrait of Rasputin, model 1915, left by Maurice Palaiologos, the French ambassador to Russia:

“Dark hair, long and badly combed, black and thick beard; high forehead; broad and prominent nose, fleshy mouth. But the whole expression of the face is concentrated in the eyes, in the eyes, blue as flax, with a strange brilliance, with depth, with attraction. A look at the same time piercing and affectionate, open and cunning, direct and distant. When his speech is animated, one might think that his pupils exude magnetic power.

Prince Yusupov, preparing to kill Rasputin, came to the old man to experience the effect of his hypnosis on himself. Yusupov said he was sick. Rasputin laid him on the sofa and began to "treat". Yusupov describes in his memoirs: “The power of Rasputin's hypnosis was enormous. I felt how this power embraces me and spreads warmth throughout my body. At the same time, I was completely in a daze: my body was numb. I tried to speak, but my tongue would not obey me, and I slowly fell into sleep, as if under the influence of a strong narcotic substance. Only Rasputin's eyes shone in front of me with some kind of phosphorescent light...

The thought vaguely surfaced in my mind that a tense struggle was going on between me and Rasputin, and that in this struggle I could resist him, because my spiritual strength, colliding with Rasputin's strength, did not give him the opportunity to completely master me ... ". Prince Felix Yusupov, having conducted this experiment with the influence of Rasputin on himself, realized that he could, having gathered all his will into a fist, resist the spell of the old man.

Rasputin's hypnosis could be resisted by strong, strong-willed people. Two Russian premiers left the following descriptions of their meetings with Rasputin, which took place at the request of Empress Alexandra. Pyotr Stolypin: “He ran over me with his whitish eyes and uttered some mysterious incoherent sayings from the Holy Scriptures, somehow unusually shrugged his hands, and I felt that an irresistible disgust was awakening in me for this reptile sitting opposite me. But I understood that this man had a great power of hypnosis and that he made a rather strong, though repulsive impression. I gathered my will into a fist ... ".

Stolypin's successor as prime minister, Kokovtsev, writes: “When Rasputin entered my office and sat down in an armchair, I was struck by the repulsive expression in his eyes. Deeply seated and closely spaced, they did not leave me for a long time, Rasputin took them away, as if trying to produce a certain hypnotic effect. When tea was served, Rasputin grabbed a handful of biscuits, dipped them into the tea, and fixed his lynx eyes on me again. I got tired of his attempts at hypnotism, and I told him a few harsh words about how useless and unpleasant it is to stare at me, because it does not have the slightest effect on me.

Strong and strong-willed people, as we see, were not subject to the hypnotic influence of Rasputin. It was different with women. Here is the story described by Rasputin's biographer, Fulop-Miller:

“A young girl who heard about the strange new saint came from the provinces to the capital and visited him in search of spiritual guidance. His soft monastic gaze and straight combed light brown hair... all this inspired her confidence. But when he came closer to her, she immediately felt that another, completely different, mysterious, cunning and depraved, was looking at her with eyes that radiated kindness and meekness.

He sat down beside her, moved imperceptibly very close, and the color of his light blue eyes changed, they became deep, dark. He gave her a quick glance out of the corner of his eye, literally piercing her and holding her in a daze. A leaden weight gripped her limbs as his large, wrinkled face, contorted with desire, drew close to hers. She felt his hot breath on her cheeks and saw his eyes, burning in the depths of their sockets, stealthily wander over her helpless body until he lowered his eyelids with a sensual expression. His voice dropped to a passionate whisper as he muttered strange, voluptuous words into her ear.

As soon as she felt that she was about to surrender to her seducer, the memory moved faintly in her... she remembered that she had come to talk about God... she gradually woke up... the heaviness disappeared... she began to struggle... He immediately appreciated her internal resistance, his half-closed eyes opened again, he stood up, bent over her ... and calmly, meek, paternally kissed her on the forehead. His face, contorted with desire, again became the calm and kind face of a wandering prophet. He spoke to the guest in a benevolent patronizing tone, his right hand raised to his forehead in the sign of the cross. He stood near her in the pose of Christ, as he is depicted on Russian icons; his gaze was again meek, friendly, almost humble, and only in the depths of his small eyes was still hiding, although invisible, another person - a sensual beast.

Undoubtedly, Rasputin used the "skills" acquired in his youth and in the whip sect throughout his dissolute life.

Rasputin first visited St. Petersburg in 1903. He was received by Father John of Kronstadt, personal confessor of Tsar Alexander III. Rasputin made a gratifying impression on perhaps the most authoritative clergyman in Russia.

In 1905, Rasputin again came to St. Petersburg and met Archimandrite Feofan and Bishop Hermogenes. He chose for himself a psychologically correct line of conduct with high clerics: he behaved with them completely on an equal footing and absolutely relaxed. At first, this had the strongest effect, and when the church dignitaries saw through Rasputin, it was already too late. Rasputin also met two Grand Duchesses, passionate about mysticism, the “Montenegrins” Militsa and Anastasia, sisters of the King of Montenegro, Nicholas of Montenegro I. High-society loafers, close friends of Empress Alexandra, spent all their time in revelry, in seances of spiritualism and other fashionable occult tricks. Grigory Rasputin quickly got his bearings in the St. Petersburg demand and soon became their idol. Access to high society with the support of the Grand Duchesses and the highest church hierarchs was secured for Rasputin. Later, all the original patrons of Rasputin, having figured out the essence of the "holy old man", became his fierce enemies, including the Montenegrins. The highest Orthodox clergy at first supported Rasputin's approach to the court in the hope of pushing foreigners of a different faith away from the empress with his help. But with the help of Grishka Rasputin, they pushed back not only the Gentiles, but also the Orthodox faith itself, despite the presence of its external attributes at the court.

Grigory Rasputin was first introduced to Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra on November 1, 1905. By this time, his recommendations were impeccable.

Even before the appearance of Rasputin, Empress Alexandra was inclined towards mysticism. She gave birth to four daughters, but considered herself obliged to bring her husband an heir. The doctors did not help, and she turned to the French mystics, Philippe Vachot and Papus, the Austrian Schenck, for help. The mystics did not help either. The Empress broke up with them, and soon after that gave birth to a son, Alexei. However, the appearance of Rasputin at the royal palace was predetermined by the mental imbalance and exaltation of Empress Alexandra. A whole gallery of holy fools, mystics and rogues passed through her waiting room: the holy fool Mitya, the monk Mardaria, the old woman Maria Mikhailovna, Pasha from Diveevo, the holy fool Oleg, Vasily, the wanderer Anthony ...

Beginning in 1905, Rasputin became more and more a part of the imperial family, becoming closer to the children and the empress. The little Tsarevich Alexei especially adored the cheerful old man. An excellent knowledge of the psychology of people, the possession of a hypnotic gift helped Rasputin become a friend of the royal family. Rasputin behaved naturally and uninhibitedly with members of the royal family.

At the age of three, a misfortune happened to the heir to the throne, Alexei, which fell like a black shadow on the entire subsequent life of the royal family. He started bleeding, indicating that the boy had an incurable disease - hemophilia, a hereditary disease of the Hessian court. Rasputin was invited, and he managed to do what the doctors could not do before him - he stopped the bleeding. This Rasputin subsequently did constantly. How he managed to cope with the attacks of an incurable disease is not completely clear to this day. Perhaps Rasputin was helped by hypnosis and the general attitude of the boy towards him, mobilizing the hidden reserves of the patient's body. Rasputin's position in the royal family was strengthened decisively. Even Nicholas II, who was not inclined to mysticism, began to call Rasputin in his letters a friend of the family. Friend with a capital letter. The royal family had no other such friends. From that time on, Empress Alexandra simply idolized Rasputin, considering his opinion to be the ultimate truth.

Since the entry of Grigory Rasputin into the imperial family, the last stage of the agony of the monarchy begins, which will lead to the collapse of the empire. Major statesmen and politicians, including Pyotr Stolypin, repeatedly tried to persuade the tsar to remove Rasputin from the court. But Nicholas II listened to advisers, and left everything unchanged. The reason for this was the influence of Rasputin on Empress Alexandra and the ability of the elder to stop the bleeding of the heir. These two personal reasons were enough for the Russian autocrat not to pay attention to the destructiveness of Rasputinism for the empire.

In 1907, Rasputin asked the tsar to add the prefix Novy to his surname, in order to distinguish himself from the many Rasputin fellow villagers. The highest permission was issued by the order of the Tobolsk State Chamber of March 7, 1907. So the "holy old man" received an almost "princely" double surname Rasputin-New.

Rasputin became "fashionable" for court ladies. They, one before the other, boasted of an intimate relationship with him. Rasputin went so far in his insolence that he made an attempt to woo the Grand Duchess Olga, the Emperor's sister. The Grand Duchess, however, resolutely rejected the claims of the "old man". Rasputin, by his behavior, gave rise to unflattering gossip about the daughters of the tsar and Empress Alexandra herself. He allowed himself to hang out at any time in the bedrooms of the Grand Duchesses and stopped doing this only after the personal intervention of Nicholas II. Nevertheless, Empress Alexandra from the threshold rejected all messages and reports about the debauchery of the "God's man." Anyone who opposed Rasputin inevitably became her personal enemy. Such were the prime ministers Stolypin and Kokovtsev, who tried to convince Nicholas II to remove the dissolute peasant from the court, many members of the imperial family, prominent senators. Such was the entire State Duma, which made an inquiry to the Minister of Internal Affairs regarding the persecution of newspapers that wrote about the debauchery of the "holy elder." Empress Alexandra, in response to this request, demanded that the Duma be dissolved.

In June 1914, Rasputin returned to his homeland in Pokrovskoye. His father, wife and son Dmitry still lived here. Daughters lived in a boarding house in St. Petersburg and studied at the gymnasium. On June 29, at three o'clock in the afternoon, a woman (Feonia Guseva from Syzran) approached Rasputin on the street and stabbed him hard in the stomach. It was sent and prepared by the monk-priest Iliodor. The wound turned out to be very dangerous, and Rasputin barely survived. All the newspapers regularly wrote about his state of health, as if he were the largest statesman in the country.

Rasputin's influence on the royal family and the affairs of the empire reached its zenith during the First World War. Rasputin shamelessly lobbied the interests of entrepreneurs and officials before the royal family. Rasputin's apartment became a reception room for generals and officials, state councilors and senators, adjutants and chamberlains, state ladies and secular women, and high clergy. Nicholas II often consulted with him when appointing this or that minister and major official, although he made the final decision himself.

The situation changed dramatically with the appointment of Nicholas II himself as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. From that time on, the emperor was constantly at Headquarters, only occasionally visiting his family in Tsarskoye Selo. The affairs of state were almost completely taken over by Empress Alexandra, and through her, Grigory Rasputin. Now even the ministers were appointed and dismissed through the queen "Mama" by the lascivious "old man". Hatred for Rasputin (and Empress Alexandra) from all sectors of society reached a boiling point. The destructive activity at the royal court of one dissolute peasant began to surpass all the deeds of the revolutionaries in the collapse of the empire and the overthrow of the tsar.

All members of the Romanov dynasty departed from Nicholas II. Each of them, in one way or another, made futile attempts to convince Nicholas II to break with Rasputin and expel him from Petersburg.

A conspiracy was formed to assassinate Rasputin. It included the tsar's relatives: Prince Felix Yusupov, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich, member of the Union of Michael the Archangel, Duma deputy V. Purishkevich, doctor Lazovert and lieutenant A.S. Sukhotin.

Prince Felix Yusupov invited Rasputin to visit him at his house on the Moika. Late in the evening, all the participants in the conspiracy gathered. Especially for the murder of Rasputin, Prince Yusupov decorated a semi-basement deaf room. Dr. S.S. Lazovert put on rubber gloves and put potassium cyanide in the chocolate cakes that Rasputin was very fond of. Prince Yusupov went for Rasputin by car.

Prince Yusupov and Rasputin went downstairs together. The rest of the conspirators were on the top floor. Rasputin asked for tea, Prince Yusupov brought forward unpoisoned pies, and then poisoned ones.

The prince watched with horror and surprise as Rasputin devoured the poison pies one by one. The “old man” should have already died from potassium cyanide, and he, as if nothing had happened, asked for wine. The prince poured Madeira into a glass of poison, but Rasputin did not seem to take the poison. Seeing the guitar, he asked the prince to sing something sincere, and he had to appease the "old man".

Prince Yusupov briefly went upstairs and took a revolver, with difficulty persuading the rest of the conspirators to remain upstairs for the time being. The prince went down and shot at the "old man". Rasputin roared like a bear and fell back. Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich, Purishkevich, Lieutenant A.S. came running from above. Sukhotin and Dr. Lazovert. Examined the body. The bullet went right through the heart. There seemed to be no doubt that Rasputin was dead.

The conspirators began to carry out a plan to conceal their participation in the murder. Sukhotin dressed in a fur coat and Rasputin's hat to simulate the departure of the "old man". Prince Yusupov and Purishkevich remained alone in the house, not counting the murdered Rasputin. Felix Yusupov came up, felt Rasputin's pulse and turned to stone. Rasputin's eyes opened and paralyzed his will to do anything. Rasputin jumped up and grabbed the prince by the throat. He barely managed to escape and called for help Purishkevich, who was upstairs. Prince Yusupov gave his pistol to Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich when he left. Rasputin on all fours, growling like an animal, reached the door to the courtyard. It was supposed to be locked, and Prince Yusupov squeezed a rubber stick in his hand, intending to finish off the rogue. Suddenly, the door was pushed open by the old man, and Rasputin disappeared behind it. Purishkevich rushed after Rasputin. Shots rang out. Prince Yusupov followed with a stick. After the fourth shot, Rasputin fell into a snowdrift. People came running, the policeman came up. Purishkevich frankly told him about everything. The policeman, who, like all ordinary people, hated Grishka Rasputin, promised to remain silent if they did not demand sworn testimony.

The servants of Prince Yusupov dragged Rasputin into the house. Having lost his mental balance, Prince Yusupov pounced on Rasputin and in a frenzy beat his body with a rubber stick until his strength was gone.

The corpse was taken away and lowered into the water under the ice in the hole on Malaya Nevka. After the police removed the corpse from under the ice, an autopsy showed that Rasputin was an incredibly tenacious person. He died only in the water, choking on it. And even in the water, he continued to fight for life with satanic energy and managed to free one hand from the fetters. It should be noted that only the third attempt on Rasputin was successful. The assassination attempt in 1914, when Guseva wounded Rasputin in Pokrovsky with a knife in the stomach, was reported above. Another attempt on Rasputin was organized by Minister Khvostov with the help of the monk Iliodor, who, by the way, arranged the first attempt.

Rasputin was buried in the small chapel of the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo.

In 1918, in front of the arrested former Emperor Nicholas II, who was watching this scene from the window, revolutionary soldiers and sailors removed the corpse of Grigory Rasputin from the grave and burned it. According to other sources, Rasputin was taken out of Tsarskoye Selo and burned in another place.

The participants in the conspiracy practically did not suffer and were punished by the king purely symbolically. Felix Yusupov emigrated safely after the October Revolution. Vladimir Purishkevich created in October 1917 an anti-Bolshevik underground monarchist organization of officers and members of the Union of Michael the Archangel. Already in November, the organization was uncovered, and Purishkevich was arrested. He was sentenced to a year in prison, but on May 1, 1918 he was amnestied. Purishkevich left for the south of Russia, where he supported the White movement. In February 1920, he died in Novorossiysk from typhus.

It has been 99 years since the "mad monk" was killed, first poisoned, then shot, beaten and thrown into the river. Russian nobles were behind the crime, fearful of his growing influence on the tsar.

In these colorized photographs, the chilling hypnotic gaze of Rasputin, who had great power over the impressionable queen, stands out.

As part of the renewed criminal case on the death of the Romanov family, in September of this year, the remains buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg were exhumed. In November, it became known that DNA analysis confirmed the identity of the remains of Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna. And just a week later, they released color photographs of the man whose sinister influence led to their deaths.

Nicholas II became the last Russian Tsar. He abdicated, but on July 17, 1918, the Bolsheviks killed the monarch and his family, ending more than three centuries of Romanov rule.

Grigory Rasputin with two Russian nobles / Tsar Nicholas II and his son, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich.

These vintage portraits were colorized by 21-year-old Danish artist Mads Dal Madsen. He worked on each picture for up to six hours.

“Beautiful pictures help to show the personality of Rasputin and some of the features of this mythical historical character. For me, this is a window into the past, which seems so alien and foreign, but suddenly comes to life.

Experts believe that it was Rasputin who persuaded the tsar to personally lead the Russian army during World War I, leaving him vulnerable to an uprising that led to the overthrow of the monarch.

“I'm really intrigued by the history of the Romanovs. She became the spark that ignited the First World War,” says the colorist.

When people see these old images brought back to life, their usual reaction is amazement and disbelief.

“It's a bit of a shock to see images in vivid and realistic colors that were previously only available in dull black and white. You will be able to feel the connection with the characters in the photo. We are all just people who are separated only by the camera and time,” says Mads Dahl Madsen.

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KRAROUP Anna Theodora (1860 or 62-1941) “Portrait of G.E. Rasputin". 1914
Canvas, oil.
State Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia (Moscow).

RASPUTIN was killed on the night of 17 (30 New Style) December 1916 in the Yusupov Palace on the Moika. Information about the murder is contradictory, confused both by the killers themselves and by pressure on the investigation by the Russian imperial and British authorities. Two of the killers (PURISHKEVICH and YUSUPOV) left evidence of how the murder took place, but it is difficult to believe both. Purishkevich's diary least of all resembles a diary, Yusupov's memoirs look like memoirs. Both are literary processed journalism and radically diverge from the testimony of the investigation - starting from the color of the clothes that Rasputin was wearing according to the version of the killers and in which he was found, and to how many and where the bullets were fired.

The investigation lasted two and a half months until the abdication of Emperor NICHOLAS II on March 2, 1917. On that day, Kerensky became Minister of Justice in the Provisional Government. On March 4, 1917, he ordered that the investigation be hastily closed.

KRAROUP Anna Theodora (1860 or 62-1941) “Portrait of G.E. Rasputin". 1916
Canvas, oil. 100.5 x 77 cm.
Private collection.

Anna Theodora Ferdinanda Alexandra (Theodora Ferdinandovna) KRARUP, Danish by birth, painted several portraits commissioned by members of the Imperial family. Unfortunately, many of her works were lost during the years of the 1917 revolution. The artist had a special relationship with Grigory RASPUTIN. In total, according to her, she painted 12 of his portraits. At the same time, Rasputin himself asked to portray him, offering 300 rubles for the work (a considerable amount at that time). Only two of them have survived. One dates from 1914, the other is the last lifetime image of the elder.

The image created by the artist evokes the location. Unlike numerous photographs where Rasputin appears with a gloomy, restless face, a piercing gaze and dark clothes, she depicts him with a slight smile on his face, dressed in a snow-white shirt. His hands are calmly folded in his lap.

Portrait of G.E. Rasputin (1916) was offered at the Christies international auction in 2008.

From the "Diary of a Member of the State Duma Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich" (Riga, 1924):

“Purishkevich, shoot, shoot, he's alive! He's running away!" “Ah-ah-ah! ..” - and from below, a screaming one, who turned out to be YUSUPOV, rushed headlong up the stairs; there was literally no face on him; his beautiful big blue eyes were still enlarged and bulging; in a semi-conscious state, almost not seeing me, with a distraught look, he rushed to the exit door to the main corridor and ran to the half of his parents ...

... It was impossible to hesitate for a single moment, and I, not at a loss, snatched my “sauvage” from my pocket, put it on “feu” and ran down the stairs. What I saw below might have seemed like a dream if it had not been a terrible reality for us: GRIGORY RASPUTIN, whom I contemplated half an hour ago with his last gasp, lying on the stone floor of the dining room, waddling from side to side, quickly ran along the loose snow in the courtyard of the palace along the iron grate overlooking the street ...

... At first I could not believe my eyes, but his loud cry in the silence of the night on the run: “Felix, Felix, I will tell the queen everything ...” convinced me that it was he, that it was GRIGORY RASPUTIN, that he could leave thanks to his phenomenal vitality, which is a few more moments, and he will find himself behind the second iron gate on the street, where, without naming himself, he will turn to the first passerby who accidentally met with a request to save him, because his life is being attempted in this palace, and ... everything is lost.

... I rushed after him and fired. In the quiet of the night, the extremely loud sound of my revolver swept through the air - a miss! Rasputin gave way; I fired a second time on the run - and ... missed again. ... Moments passed ... Rasputin was already running up to the gate, then I stopped, bit my left hand with all my might to force myself to concentrate, and with a shot (for the third time) hit him in the back. He stopped, then I, already aiming more carefully, standing in the same place, fired a fourth shot, which seemed to hit him in the head, for he fell face down in the snow in a sheaf and shook his head. I ran up to him and with all my strength kicked him in the temple. He lay with his arms outstretched forward, scraping the snow and as if wishing to crawl forward on his belly; but he could no longer advance, and only clanged and gnashed his teeth. I was sure that now his song was really sung, and that he would not get up again.

Vladimir Mitrofanovich PURISHKEVICH (1870-1920) is one of the most odious figures in Russian history of the pre-revolutionary era. An ardent reactionary, a member of the Black Hundreds, through whose mouth, in the words of V.I. LENIN, said "a wild landowner and an old bullshit," until the end of his days he was fanatically devoted to the monarchy. The Diary, published after his death, covers the period from November 1916 to January 1917. The main content of the "Diary" is a detailed and cold-blooded story about the murder of Grigory RASPUTIN, conceived and carried out "in the name of saving the Sovereign and the Fatherland", a murder in which Purishkevich took a direct part.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Norilsk Industrial Institute

Department of Humanities

abstract

on the history of the Fatherland

Subject: Historical portrait of Grigory Rasputin. Death.

Performed:

Art. group OP - 03 Baranova A.M.

Checked:

Associate Professor Golizhenko N.V.

Norilsk

2004

1. Introduction 3

2. Part I. Russia and the elder. The execution of Rasputin. four

2.1. A little bit about life (short digression).

2.2. Kill Rasputin...

2.3. News of death. Press.

3. Part II. False - Rasputin? 9

3.1. Falsification of personality.

3.2 Fake murder.

4. Conclusion. 24

5. List of references. 25

Introduction

G. Ye. Rasputin was an exotic phenomenon in the political life of Russia. He alone completely balanced the Duma, and surpassed it in the number of ministers "appointed" by him. His influence on state and church affairs was so significant and blatant that it inspired constant anxiety in all sections of Russian society. In his waiting room at 64 Gorokhovaya, people of all ranks and ranks were constantly jostling - from commoners to ministers, from simple Russian women to ladies of high society, seeking protection, support and a career for their husbands. The patronage ritual included, in addition to the conversational part, wine libations, going to a bathhouse or a restaurant, as well as debauchery on the spot. Rasputin was a unique phenomenon in the history of the Russian reign. Not a single Russian tsar in the entire history of the Russian State has a simple peasant had such a long and, ultimately, destroying dynasty action. A native of the village of Pokrovsky, which is 30 miles from Tyumen, Rasputin in his youth was an ordinary fornicator and thief, beaten many times, not hooked on any peasant profession and finally nailed to religion, which he understood in a very peculiar way. His Christianity was closest to the Whip sectarians, although formally he was not on the lists of such communities. By 1905, he made two foot pilgrimages from Tobolsk to Jerusalem, mastered the methods of traditional medicine, the gift of preaching and hypnosis. Being an uneducated man, he amazed bishops and theologians with his religious knowledge. From all sorts of dark personalities, clairvoyants, soothsayers and charlatans, he was distinguished by amazing willpower, a desire for power, the absence of petty, personal interests. Rasputin knew how to influence people in a calming way, aided by his confident and even manner. Women were especially defenseless before him, easily and imperceptibly falling under his magnetism. A deep economic crisis, frequent changes in government offices, a relatively free press that publishes almost daily military reports and lists of the dead ... An unpopular government, in every step of which they look for the intrigues of some dark forces ... In Russian history, rich in repetitions, all this is already It was. 1914-1916 - a time of extreme aggravation of contradictions and conflicts within the St. Petersburg Empire, which she could not survive. Grigory Rasputin is perhaps the first political character whose image was demonized with the participation of contemporary media, then already quite mass media. His name continues to be an important element of Russian political mythology.

Who was the Siberian elder? An almighty "minister-maker" or an ordinary adventurer, whose influence on power was advantageous for the opposition to exaggerate? This question was solved and continue to be solved by historians. It seems to me interesting to trace the attitude of the metropolitan press to the figure of Rasputin in the last pre-revolutionary years and analyze the information revealed.

The life and death of Rasputin is shrouded in mystery. At first glance, it may seem that this is the most common scammer. But what about the events that took place after his death? What about his fulfilled predictions? Many considered him a pest, many - a saint.

There are various statements about the role of Rasputin in the history of Russia, including directly opposite ones. Participants in his murder F.F. Yusupov and V.M. Purishkevich expose him as an enemy of the throne and a villain. Historian Platonov O.A. on the basis of a capital study of documentary data, he claims that Rasputin was indeed a sincere, devoted friend of the royal family and served for the good of Russia.

Part I. Russia and the Elder. The execution of Rasputin.

2.1. A little bit about life (short digression).

Grigory Rasputin was born on July 29, 1871 in the village of Pokrovskoye, Tyumen Region. Since the place of his birth was practically inaccessible to most people, only fragmentary and inaccurate information was preserved about the life of Grigory Rasputin in his homeland, the source of which was mainly himself. It is likely that he was a monk, but it is possible that Rasputin is just a brilliant actor who perfectly portrayed his chosenness and close communion with God.

At the age of 18, Rasputin made his first pilgrimage to the monastery in Verkhotur, but did not take a monastic vow. At the age of 19, he returned to Pokrovskoye, where he married Praskovya Fedorovna. Three children were born in this marriage - Dmitry in 1897, Maria in 1898 and Varvara in 1900.

Marriage did not cool the pilgrimage ardor of Grigory Rasputin. He continued to visit various holy places, even reaching the monastery of Athos in Greece and Jerusalem. And all this on foot!

After such travels, Rasputin imagined himself to be the chosen one of God, announced that he was a saint, and at every step spoke about his miraculous gift to bring healing. Rumors about the Siberian healer began to spread throughout Russia, and soon it was no longer Rasputin who made pilgrimages, but people sought to get to him. Many of his patients came from distant lands. It should be noted at the same time that Rasputin did not study anywhere, did not even have a rough idea of \u200b\u200bmedicine, was illiterate. However, he impeccably played his role: he really helped people, he could calm those who were on the verge of despair.

Once, while plowing a field, Rasputin had a sign - the Mother of God appeared to him, who told about the illness of Tsarevich Alexei, the only son of Emperor Nicholas II (he suffered from hemophilia, a hereditary disease that was transmitted to him through the maternal line), and ordered Rasputin to go to St. Petersburg and save the heir throne.

In 1905, Rasputin ended up in the capital of the Russian Empire, and at a very good moment. The fact is that the church needed "prophets" - people who would be believed by the people. Rasputin was just from this category - a typical peasant appearance, simple speech, tough temper. However, enemies said that Rasputin used religion only as a cover for his cynicism, lust for money, power and sex.

In 1907, he was invited to the imperial court - just in the midst of one of the attacks of the crown prince's illness. The fact is that the imperial family hid the hemophilia of the heir, fearing public unrest. Therefore, for a long time they refused the services of Rasputin. However, when the child's condition became critical, Nikolai gave up.

All subsequent life of Rasputin in St. Petersburg was inextricably linked with the treatment of the prince. However, it was not limited to this. Rasputin made many acquaintances in the upper strata of St. Petersburg society. When he became close to the imperial family, the metropolitan elite themselves sought to be introduced to the Siberian healer, who was called behind his back only "Grishka Rasputin."

In 1910, his daughter Maria moved to St. Petersburg to enter the Academy of Theology. When Varvara joined her, both daughters of Grigory Rasputin were assigned to the gymnasium.

Nicholas I did not welcome the frequent appearances of Rasputin in the palace. Moreover, soon rumors began to circulate in St. Petersburg about the extremely obscene behavior of Rasputin. It was said that, using his enormous influence with Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Rasputin took bribes (in cash and in kind) to promote certain projects or move up the career ladder. His drunken brawls and real pogroms horrified the population of St. Petersburg. He also greatly undermined the imperial authority, as they talked about too close relations between Grigory Rasputin and the Empress.

In the end, the cup of patience was overflowing. Among the imperial environment, a conspiracy arose against Rasputin. Its initiators were Prince Felix Yusupov (husband of the imperial niece), Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich (deputy of the IV State Duma, known for his ultra-conservative views) and Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich (cousin of Emperor Nicholas). On December 30, 1916, they invited Grigory Rasputin to the Yusupov Palace to meet with the emperor's niece, a famous St. Petersburg beauty. The cakes and drinks served to the guest contained potassium cyanide. However, the poison did not work. The impatient conspirators decided to use a 100% remedy - Yusupov shot Rasputin. But he managed to escape again. When he ran out of the palace, he was met by Purishkevich and the Grand Duke, who shot the "Siberian old man" at point-blank range. He was still trying to get to his feet when they tied him up, put him in a bag with a load and threw him into the hole. Later, an autopsy showed that the elder, already at the bottom of the Neva, was desperately fighting for his life, but in the end he choked ...

2.2 Kill Rasputin...

This is the name of the documentary detective by O. Shishkin, which, on the basis of new, recently discovered materials, tells about the participation of Grigory Rasputin in the palace coup planned for the end of 1916. (32. p. 12) The mystery of the amazing vitality of the “holy elder” is also revealed, which, during his murder in the Yusupov Palace, so impressed the killers that each of them even left memoirs. But this is a written confession to the murder! The murderers of the elder were “people from good families”: Prince Felix Yusupov, husband of the imperial niece, Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich, deputy of the IV State Duma, known for his ultra-conservative views, and Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich, cousin of Emperor Nicholas. On December 30, 1916, they invited Grigory Rasputin to the Yusupov Palace to meet with the emperor's niece, a famous St. Petersburg beauty. (32. s14) The cakes and drinks served to the guest contained potassium cyanide. However, the poison did not work. Here is how Purishkevich describes that evening:

Another good half an hour of time, which was utterly painful for us, passed, when, finally, we clearly heard the clapping of two corks one after another, the clink of glasses.
We froze in our poses, descending a few more steps down the stairs. But ... another quarter of an hour passed, and peaceful conversation and even sometimes laughter did not stop downstairs.
“I don’t understand anything,” I whispered to him, spreading my arms and turning to the Grand Duke. “What is he, bewitched, or something, that even potassium cyanide does not work on him!”
... We went up the stairs and the whole group again went to the office, where two or three minutes later Yusupov inaudibly entered, upset and pale.
“No,” he says, “impossible! Imagine, he drank two glasses of poison, ate a few pink cakes, and, as you can see, nothing; absolutely nothing, but fifteen minutes had passed after that! what should we do, especially since he was already worried why the countess did not come out to him for so long, and I explained to him with difficulty that it was difficult for her to disappear unnoticed, because there were few guests upstairs ... He is now sitting on the sofa gloomy, and, as I see it, the effect of the poison affects him only in the fact that he has incessant belching and some salivation ... "After about five minutes, Yusupov appeared in the office for the third time.
"Gentlemen," he told us quickly, "the situation is still the same: the poison either doesn't work on him, go to hell, it's no good; time is running out, you can't wait any longer."
"But how to be?" - said Dmitry Pavlovich.
“If you can’t use poison,” I answered him, “you need to go for broke, in the open, go down to us or all together, or leave it to me alone, I will put him down either from my“ sauvage ”or I will crush his skull with brass knuckles. What do you would you say this?"
"Yes," Yusupov remarked, "if you put the question in this way, then, of course, you will have to stop at one of these methods."
"People from good families" stopped at a pistol shot.

“... there was a muffled sound of a shot, after that we heard a prolonged ... Ahh! and the sound of a body falling heavily to the floor. Immediately, not for a single second, all of us, who were standing at the top, did not come down, but literally flew head over heels down the stairs, pushing the dining room door with our own pressure ...
... In front of the sofa in the part of the room adjoining the living room, the dying Grigory Rasputin lay on the skin of a polar bear, and above him, holding a revolver in his right hand, laid behind his back, Yusupov stood completely calm ... No blood was visible; Obviously, there was an internal hemorrhage, and the bullet hit Rasputin in the chest, but, in all likelihood, did not come out ...
We left the dining room, turning off the electricity in it and closing the doors slightly ... It was already four in the morning and we had to hurry. I felt completely calm and even satisfied, but I clearly remember how some inner force pushed me to Yusupov’s desk, on which lay my “sauvage” taken out of my pocket, how I took it and put it back in the right pocket of my trousers, and how following this, I left the office ... and found myself in the vestibule.
No sooner had I entered this vestibule than I heard someone's footsteps already downstairs at the very stairs, then I heard the sound of the door opening into the dining room where Rasputin was lying ... "Who could it be?" - I thought, but my thought had not yet had time to give itself an answer to the question asked, when suddenly a wild, inhuman cry was heard from below, which seemed to me Yusupov's cry: "Purishkevich, shoot, shoot, he's alive! he's running away!" (32. s18)

Purishkevich shot Rasputin 4 times, with the last shot hitting him in the head and kicking him in the temple. Then the conspirators threw the body of the tsar's favorite from the bridge into the hole in the Malaya Nevka. A later autopsy showed that Rasputin was alive when he was lowered into the river! Not only that: twice mortally wounded in the chest and neck, with two fractures in the skull, he fought for his life under water for some time and managed to free his right hand, clenched into a fist, from the ropes ...
Mysticism did not end even after the death of Rasputin. In 1917, during the February Revolution, Rasputin's corpse was dug out of the grave and stolen. (5. from 54) The revolutionary fighters did this in order to burn the body, because they did not want the "dark forces" to use the ignorance of the people and create any kind of counter-revolutionary cult. However, the corpse in the fire burned badly, so it was decided to burn the body in the furnace of a steam boiler. Which was done in the boiler room of the Polytechnic Institute. Literally the next day, the boiler room exploded ... Since then, from time to time, very strange stories have been happening in this place. Mystically inclined personalities are sure that the restless spirit of Rasputin is somehow involved in them. Some even believe that the breakthrough of the metro tunnel at the Lesnaya station, the consequences of which have not yet been eliminated, did not happen without Rasputin. Moreover, the metro broke through on the birthday of the “holy old man”.

Short description

2. Part I. Russia and the old man. The execution of Rasputin. four