Cooperation between Russia and the European Space Agency (ESA) has been going on for more than 20 years. Currently, ESA and the state corporation Roscosmos are jointly implementing a large ambitious project to study the Red Planet ExoMars. On the creation of a new European launch vehicle Ariane-6, which will replace the currently used Ariane-5, Russia's plans to reduce the number of crew members on the International Space Station (ISS) from the spring of 2017 and the prospects for further cooperation with the Russian Federation on the exploration of the Moon in interview RIA Novosti told the head of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Moscow, Rene Pichel. Interviewed by special correspondent Alexander Kovalev.

— ESA has entrusted the contract for the development of the new European launch vehicle Ariane-6 to a joint venture between Airbus and Safran Launchers. How much money is planned to be allocated until 2020 for this rocket?

- The total value of contracts with European industry for the development of the Ariane-6 carrier exceeds 2 billion euros. This includes the first test flight of the new carrier in 2020. In addition, there is also a contract with the French Space Agency (CNES) to develop the launch pad and assembly and test building for Ariane-6 at the ESA launch site in French Guiana.

— What are the main advantages that the Ariane-6 launch vehicle should have over the Ariane-5?

“Ariane-6 is better suited to tomorrow's launch market needs because the launch vehicle will be more adaptable to the requirements of future space missions. In its production, new technologies and methods of organizing work were used. All together, this should give a significant gain in the cost of delivering spacecraft into orbit compared to the Ariane-5 rocket.

— Will Ariane-5 be taken out of service after testing Ariane-6?

- Yes, that's right, the Ariane-6 carrier is being created just to replace Ariane-5. It is too expensive to operate both missiles at the same time, especially since we adopted a lot from Ariane-5 when creating Ariane-6. On the other hand, a certain transitional period is not excluded.

— What other projects, besides the well-known ExoMars, does ESA plan to implement with Russia in the coming years?

- If approved at the upcoming December 2016 ministerial conference of the agency's member countries, ESA will cooperate with Russia in the exploration of the moon.

The European spacecraft Rosetta is scheduled to complete its mission on September 30th by crashing into the surface of a comet. How do you plan to cover this unique event?

— A special briefing for the media on the Rosetta project will be organized at the European Mission Control Center (ESOC) on September 29th. Moreover, the next day, September 30, from 13:45 to 15:45 Moscow time, a live television broadcast from ESOC about this event is scheduled, and for the first time the transmission will be conducted from the main hall of the Control Center. ESOC is expected to have between 100 and 150 members of the media present. In addition, events will be organized by other partner agencies, such as CNES in Paris.

— From the spring of 2017, the Russian crew on the ISS will be reduced from three to two people. Have there been proposals from the state corporation Roskosmos to take the vacated third seat in the Russian Soyuz by European astronauts? Does ESA want to reserve and pay for these additional seats?

- As far as I know, no specific decisions have been made on this issue yet, only the very principle of crew recruitment is being discussed and the consequences of such a step are being considered. It seems to us that the existing crew of six people is the optimal composition for servicing the station and performing scientific experiments. As for European astronauts, so far I have not seen an official proposal from Roskosmos, in which ESA would be offered to purchase such a place.

— Is it planned to abandon the Russian "Soyuz-ST" at the Kourou space center after the commissioning of Ariane-6?

- The Soyuz operator on the Kura is the Arianespace company, so it is better to forward this question to them.

- Has a decision been made on the participation of ESA volunteers in the continuation of Russian experiments on ground isolation "Luna-2017" similar to the successful Mars-500 project at the Moscow Institute of Biomedical Problems (IMBP)?

Not yet ready to answer.

- Is astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti, the first Italian woman to fly into space from ESA, as the European media reported, expecting her first child?

— We strictly follow the principle of non-disclosure of information relating to the private lives of our employees.

— Are there any plans to use Russian Rokot rockets for further launches of European Sentinel satellites? When will the next start be?

- The launch of the Sentinel 5P spacecraft has already been postponed from December 2016 to 2017. And the launch of the second European satellite for remote sensing of the Earth on Rokot also moved to the right.

— What events with the participation of Russia are planned in 2017?

- So far, I can only name the international aerospace show MAKS, which will be held in 2017 in Russia.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal Agency for Education

State educational institution of higher professional education

Russian Economic Academy named after V.I. G.V. Plekhanov"

Department of Statistics

Faculty of International Economic Relations

ESSAY

BY DISCIPLINE

"INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS"

"European Space Agency - ESA"

PERFORMED:

3rd year student of group 838

Nguyen Cha Mi

SUPERVISOR:

Doctor of Economics, professor

SIDENKO Anatoly Viktorovich

1. ESA.

European Space Agency(English) European Space Agency, ESA) is an international organization established in 1975 for the purpose of space exploration.

ESA consists of 18 permanent members:

• Austria
• Belgium
• United Kingdom
• Germany
• Denmark
• Ireland
• Spain
• Italy
• Netherlands
• Norway
• Portugal
• Finland
• France
• Switzerland
• Sweden
• Greece (since March 22, 2005)
• Luxembourg (since August 5, 2008)
• Czech Republic (since July 8, 2008)

Canada and Hungary are also involved in some projects. Romania signed the Accession Treaty with ESA on January 20, 2011 and will soon become the 19th Member State.

ESA was created on the basis of and instead of the first two European space consortiums of the 1960s and early 1970s: ESRO for the creation of satellites and ELDO for the creation of Europa carriers.

European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe's gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capabilities and ensure that investments in space continue to benefit the citizens of Europe and the world.

By coordinating the financial and intellectual resources of its members, ESA can carry out programs and activities far beyond the boundaries of any one European country.

ESA's job is to develop and implement the European space program. ESA's programs are designed to learn more about the Earth, its immediate environment, the solar system and the universe, and to develop satellite technology and services, and to promote European industry. ESA also works closely with space organizations outside of Europe.

1. ESA goals

The objectives of the ESA are to ensure and promote, exclusively for peaceful purposes, cooperation between European states in the field of space research and technology, with a view to their use for scientific purposes and for the operational use of space technology in space exploration:

• through the development and implementation of a long-term European space policy, to recommend space goals to the Member States, and concerning the policies of the Member States towards other national and international organizations and institutions;
• by developing and implementing activities and programs in the space field;
• by coordinating the European space program and national programs, and by integrating the latter progressively and as completely as possible into the European space program, in particular concerning the development of satellite applications;
• through the development and implementation of industrial policy, its relevant programs and to recommend a coherent industrial policy to Member States.

1. Organization ESA

ESA is headquartered in Paris, where ESA's policies and programs are developed. ESA also has subordinate agencies in a number of European countries, each with different responsibilities:

• BAC, European Astronaut Center in Cologne, Germany;
• ESAC, European Center for Astronomy and Space, Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain;
• ESOC, European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt, Germany;
• ESRIN, ESA Center for Earth Observations, Frascati, near Rome, Italy;
• ESTEC, European Center for Space Technology Research, Noordwik, The Netherlands.

A new ESA center has opened in the UK, in Harwell, Oxfordshire. ESA also has liaison offices in Belgium, USA and Russia. The Kourou launch site in French Guiana and ground tracking stations in various parts of the world are used to launch the created spacecraft.

1. Staff

There are approximately 2,200 employees working for ESA from all Member States and include scientists, engineers, information technology professionals and administrative staff.

1. SOURCES OF CASHESA

ESA's mandatory activities (Space Science and General Budget Programs) are funded by financial contributions from Member States of all agencies, calculated according to each country's Gross National Product. In addition, ESA runs a number of additional programs. Each Member State decides which additional programs they wish to participate in and the amount they wish to contribute.

1. ESA budget

The budget of the European Space Agency for 2011 is € 3994 million. ESA operates on a geographic return basis, i.e. invested by each member state, through industrial contracts for space programs, the amount of contribution is determined by each country independently.

How much does each country spend on ESA?

The investment of GDP per capita of each country in space exploration is very small. On average, every citizen of an ESA member state pays taxes on space expenses, about the same as the price of a movie ticket (in the US, investment in civil space activities is almost four times as much).

1. CONTROLESA

The Council is the governing body of the European Space Agency and ensures the implementation of the main principles of the policy within which the European space programs of ESA develop. Each Member State has a representative on the Council and has one vote, regardless of its size or financial contribution.

ESA is headed by a Director General, who is elected by the Council every four years. Each research sector has its own management and reports directly to the Director General. The present General Director of ESA is Jean-Jacques Dordin.

1. ESA projects

• Hermes - reusable winged manned spacecraft (cancelled project 1987-1993)
• Ariane - a family of launch vehicles
• Spacelab - a module for astronauts that is not separated during the flight of the US Space Shuttle
• Columbus - originally a project of a separate orbital station, implemented as an ISS module
• ATM - automatic cargo ship
• Giotto - AMS to Halley's Comet
• Huygens - lander for Titan (Saturn's moon)
• AMS "Cassini" (together with NASA)
• Smart-1 - AMS to the Moon
• Rosetta - AMS to the comet
• Mars Express - AMS to Mars
• Venus Express - AMS to Venus
• Bepicolombo - joint with JAXA AMC to Mercury
• YES and YES2 are companions for young engineers
• MetOp - meteorological satellites
• Vega - launch vehicle (developed by 2009)
• Soyuz-ST - launch vehicle ordered in Russia for launches from Kourou (developed by 2009)
• Gaia - space telescope (under development by 2011)
• Darwin Space Infrared Telescope (under development by 2015)
• CSTS - partially reusable wingless manned spacecraft (under development by 2018)

1. ESA programs.

ESA organized and organizes programs of fundamental space research (Cosmic Vision - 2015-2025 Space Research Institute, May 29, 2007):

• EURECA
  • Horizon 2000
  • Horizon 2000 Plus
  • Cosmic Vision
• Aurora

Bibliography

1. Statistics: A textbook in ten parts: Part 8: International statistics / Ed. ed. Sidenko A.V. - M.: MAKS Press, 2009. - 228 p.
2. Fundamentals of international statistics. Textbook. Under total ed. Yu.N. Ivanova. - M.: Infra-M, 2009. - 621 p.
3. ESA official website http://www.esa.int/esaCP/index.html

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal Agency for Education

State educational institution of higher professional education

Russian Economic Academy named after V.I. G.V. Plekhanov"

Department of Statistics

Faculty of International Economic Relations

ESSAY

BY DISCIPLINE

"INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS"

"European Space Agency - ESA"

PERFORMED:

3rd year student of group 838

Nguyen Cha Mi

SUPERVISOR:

Doctor of Economics, professor

SIDENKO Anatoly Viktorovich

1. ESA .

European Space Agency(English) European Space Agency , ESA) is an international organization established in 1975 for the purpose of space exploration.

ESA consists of 18 permanent members:

▪ Austria

▪ Belgium

▪ United Kingdom

▪ Germany

▪ Ireland

▪ Spain

▪ Italy

▪ Netherlands

▪ Norway

▪ Portugal

▪ Finland

▪ France

▪ Switzerland

▪ Sweden

Canada and Hungary are also involved in some projects. Romania signed the Accession Treaty with ESA on January 20, 2011 and will soon become the 19th Member State.

ESA was created on the basis of and instead of the first two European space consortiums of the 1960s and early 1970s: ESRO - for the creation of satellites and ELDO - for the creation of Europa carriers.

European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe's gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capabilities and ensure that investments in space continue to benefit the citizens of Europe and the world.

By coordinating the financial and intellectual resources of its members, ESA can carry out programs and activities far beyond the boundaries of any one European country.

ESA's job is to develop and implement the European space program. ESA's programs are designed to learn more about the Earth, its immediate environment, the solar system and the universe, and to develop satellite technology and services, and to promote European industry. ESA also works closely with space organizations outside of Europe.

2. ESA goals

The objectives of the ESA are to ensure and promote, exclusively for peaceful purposes, cooperation between European states in the field of space research and technology, with a view to their use for scientific purposes and for the operational use of space technology in space exploration:

· by developing and implementing a long-term European space policy, to recommend space objectives to the Member States, and concerning the policy of the Member States in relation to other national and international organizations and institutions;

· through the development and implementation of activities and programs in the space field;

· by coordinating the European space program and national programs, and by integrating the latter progressively and as completely as possible into the European space program, in particular concerning the development of satellite applications;

· by developing and implementing industrial policy, its respective programs and recommending a coherent industrial policy to Member States.

3. Organization ESA

ESA is headquartered in Paris, where ESA's policies and programs are developed. ESA also has subordinate agencies in a number of European countries, each with different responsibilities:

· BAC, European Astronaut Center in Cologne, Germany;

· ESAC, European Center for Astronomy and Space, Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain;

· ESOC, European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt, Germany;

· ESRIN, ESA Center for Earth Observations, Frascati, near Rome, Italy;

· ESTEC, European Center for Space Technology Research, Noordwik, The Netherlands.

A new ESA center has opened in the UK, in Harwell, Oxfordshire. ESA also has liaison offices in Belgium, USA and Russia. The Kourou launch site in French Guiana and ground tracking stations in various parts of the world are used to launch the created spacecraft.

4. Staff

There are approximately 2,200 employees working for ESA from all Member States and include scientists, engineers, information technology professionals and administrative staff.

5. SOURCES OF CASH ESA

ESA's mandatory activities (Space Science and General Budget Programs) are funded by financial contributions from Member States of all agencies, calculated according to each country's Gross National Product. In addition, ESA runs a number of additional programs. Each Member State decides which additional programs they wish to participate in and the amount they wish to contribute.

6. ESA budget

The budget of the European Space Agency for 2011 is € 3994 million. ESA operates on a geographic return basis, i.e. invested by each member state, through industrial contracts for space programs, the amount of contribution is determined by each country independently.

How much does each country spend on ESA?

The investment of GDP per capita of each country in space exploration is very small. On average, every citizen of an ESA member state pays taxes on space expenses, about the same as the price of a movie ticket (in the US, investment in civil space activities is almost four times as much).

7. CONTROL ESA

The Council is the governing body of the European Space Agency and ensures the implementation of the main principles of the policy within which the European space programs of ESA develop. Each Member State has a representative on the Council and has one vote, regardless of its size or financial contribution.

ESA is headed by a Director General, who is elected by the Council every four years. Each research sector has its own management and reports directly to the Director General. The present General Director of ESA is Jean-Jacques Dordin.

8. ESA projects

Hermes - reusable winged manned spacecraft (cancelled project 1987-1993)

Ariane - a family of launch vehicles

Spacelab - a module for astronauts that is not separated during the flight of the US Space Shuttle

Columbus - originally a project of a separate orbital station, implemented as an ISS module

ATM - automatic cargo ship

Giotto - AMS to Halley's Comet

Huygens - landing module for Titan (Saturn's moon)

AMS "Cassini" (together with NASA)

Smart-1 - AMS to the Moon

· Rosetta - AMC to the comet

Mars Express - AMS to Mars

Venus Express - AMS to Venus

· Bepicolombo - joint with JAXA AMC to Mercury

· YES and YES2 - companions of young engineers

MetOp - meteorological satellites

Vega - launch vehicle (developed by 2009)

Soyuz-ST - a launch vehicle ordered in Russia for launches from Kourou (developed by 2009)

Gaia - space telescope (under development by 2011)

Darwin Space Infrared Telescope (under development by 2015)

CSTS - partially reusable wingless manned spacecraft (developed by 2018)

9. ESA programs.

ESA organized and organizes programs of fundamental space research (Cosmic Vision - 2015-2025 Space Research Institute, May 29, 2007):

o Horizon 2000 Plus

Bibliography

1. Statistics: A textbook in ten parts: Part 8: International statistics / Ed. ed. Sidenko A.V. – M.: MAKS Press, 2009. – 228 p.

2. Fundamentals of international statistics. Textbook. Under total ed. Yu.N. Ivanova. – M.: Infra-M, 2009. – 621 p.

3. ESA official website http://www.esa.int/esaCP/index.html

TASS-DOSIER /Veronika Bondareva/. The European Space Agency (ESA; European Space Agency, ESA) is an international organization established in 1975 on the basis of the European Space Research Authority (ESRO) and the European Launch Vehicle Development Organization (ELDO). According to the ESA Convention, the activities of the organization are aimed at establishing and developing peaceful cooperation between European countries in the field of space research, developing and implementing a long-term European space policy.

Initially, the ESA included 10 countries - France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland. Subsequently, they were joined by Ireland (1980), Norway and Austria (1987), Finland (1995), Portugal (2000), Greece and Luxembourg (2005), Czech Republic (2008), Romania (2011), Poland (2012), Hungary and Estonia (2015).

The governing body is the Council. It is composed of representatives of all member states and meets at ministerial or plenipotentiary level approximately every three years. It makes key decisions on new and ongoing programs and decides on funding issues. Each ESA member country is represented on the Council by one vote. The subsidiary bodies of the Council are the Science Programs Committee, the Administrative and Finance Committee, the Industrial Policy Committee and the Foreign Relations Committee.

The chief executive officer to whom all ESA institutions report is the Director General, who is elected by the ESA Council. Since July 2003 this post has been held by Jean-Jacques Dorden (France). On July 1, 2015, he will be replaced by Johann-Dietrich Wörner (Germany), who was elected last December.

The agency employs about 2200 people. ESA's activities are financed by contributions from member countries, taking into account gross national income. Today the budget of the organization is 4.4 million euros. Approximately 35% of this amount is the contribution of Germany and France.

The headquarters is located in Paris. Representative offices of the organization operate in the USA, Russia and Belgium.

The ESA includes four scientific associations: the Center for Space Research and Technology in Noordwijk (Netherlands), the Mission Control Center in Darmstadt (Germany), the Center for the Selection and Training of Astronauts in Cologne / Germany /, and the European Space Research Institute in Frascati (Italy) .

The Kourou cosmodrome in French Guiana (in the northeast of South America) is used to launch the created spacecraft. Location in the equatorial zone allows for launches with lower energy costs. The spaceport covers an area of ​​96 thousand hectares, it is served by 1.3 thousand people. Initially, the French spaceport was located in Kourou, in 1975 it became part of the ESA structure.

Currently, ESA is an active player in the international arena, interacting both with states that are not members of ESA (Japan, USA, Russia) and with international organizations (EU, UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, etc.).

The main activities of the ESA are related to the research of near and far space, microgravity, the development of satellites for communication and navigation, the creation of launch vehicles, the development of ground-based scientific and technical centers. The Agency coordinates its work with the national space programs of its member countries, which makes it possible to create unified European programs. Since 1975 more than 30 such programs have been carried out.

The first project was the COS-B satellite for research in the field of gamma-ray astronomy. The launch took place in August 1975. Subsequently, satellites for various purposes were launched into low Earth orbit - telecommunications, navigation, meteorological, astronomical, etc.

In 1979, the first European launch vehicle, Ariane, was launched from the Kourou cosmodrome. To date, 216 successful launches of rockets of this series have been carried out. In December 2014, the EU countries agreed to start work on the creation of a new generation rocket, Ariane-6.

In 1983, the German specialist Ulf Merbold (the first ESA astronaut) was included in the crew of the American spacecraft Columbia. This flight was the beginning of cooperation between ESA and the American NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). As part of this cooperation, ESA cosmonauts have made several dozen flights, mainly using the Spacelab laboratory, for which pressurized modules were manufactured in Europe by order of NASA. Some of these missions were fully funded and organized by ESA. Since the early 2000s European astronauts work on the International Space Station (ISS). Since 1983, 28 people have been enlisted in the corps of European astronauts, at present it includes 16 astronauts.

In 1993, the American telescope "Hubble" (Hubble) was launched into near-Earth orbit. European specialists took part in its development.

In 1995-1998 The European Space Telescope "Infrared Space Observatory" (ISO) operated in near-Earth orbit.

In 2005, the Galileo satellite navigation system project was launched, an analogue of the Russian GLONASS and the American GPS. Today, this system includes eight satellites, by 2020 there should be 30 of them.

In 2008-2014 ESA has designed, built and launched five unmanned cargo spacecraft ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle, ATV). They delivered fuel, scientific equipment, food, oxygen and water to the International Space Station (ISS). "Trucks" were launched into space by carriers of "Ariane-5".

In 2012-2014 The agency carried out four launches of the Vega light launch vehicle.

In February 2015, ESA sent into space a reusable vehicle - an intermediate experimental vehicle IXV (The Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle). During its flight, scientists tested a number of high-tech solutions for future spacecraft.

To implement many scientific projects, ESA uses the capabilities of Russian Soyuz medium-class and Proton heavy-class launch vehicles. Russian carriers launched the Integral astrophysical observatory, Mars Express, Venus Express, and others into orbit. In addition, Roscosmos is implementing the Soyuz- Kuru" (launch of Russian ships from the cosmodrome in Kuru; the first - in October 2011), cooperates in the creation of the Volga reusable rocket engine, participates in the ExoMars Mars exploration program. In 2013, Russia and ESA signed a memorandum on the lunar exploration program.

2019-08-15. Roscosmos reacted to the test results of the ExoMars-2020 parachute system.
While work on the second mission of the ExoMars project, which includes a European rover and a Russian landing platform for scientific research, is moving forward towards a launch planned for next year, the ExoMars project team, among other things, continues to refine the design of the parachute, taking into account the results of high-altitude throwing tests conducted unsuccessfully last week.
Work with the European rover "Rosalind Franklin" (Rosalind Franklin) and the Russian landing platform "Kazachok" are nearing completion. They will be installed inside the landing module and delivered to Mars by the flight module after launch using the Russian Proton-M launch vehicle and the Breeze-M upper stage from the Baikonur cosmodrome.
To reduce speed before landing, the landing module requires two parachutes - each of which is equipped with an additional pilot chute. After the parachutes are separated, the speed should decrease enough for the landing platform and rover to be safely brought to the surface of Mars using a brake engine. The entire sequence from re-entry to landing takes six minutes.
As part of the tests planned before launch, several tests of the parachute system are provided at the Esrange test site of the Swedish Space Corporation. The first test took place last year and demonstrated the successful deployment and inflation sequence of a large main parachute in a low-altitude drop test involving a 1.2 km drop from a helicopter. The 35m diameter parachute is the largest parachute ever used to land a spacecraft on Mars.
On May 28, 2019, the deployment sequence of all four parachutes was tested for the first time as part of a test involving a throw from a height of 29 km using a helium stratospheric balloon. The deployment mechanisms worked correctly, the general deployment sequence was completed, however, the canopies of both main parachutes were damaged. Based on the results of the equipment inspection, parachutes and parachute bags were redesigned as part of preparations for the next high-altitude drop tests conducted on August 5, 2019, the purpose of which this time was to test a large parachute with a diameter of 35 m.
The results of the preliminary assessment allow us to conclude that the first stages were carried out correctly, however, damage to the dome was noted before filling, similar to damage observed during previous tests. As a result, the test module descended only on the pilot chute.
All equipment was found, all video recordings and telemetry data were received - specialists are analyzing the information received. As a result of the analysis, the main cause of the anomaly should be identified and a plan for further actions should be outlined in terms of further improvements to the parachute system that may be required before further testing. The next high-altitude drop tests of the main parachute are already planned by ESA at the end of this year. Then, at the beginning of 2020, the next attempt to qualify the second main parachute is envisaged.
At the same time, experts are considering the possibility of manufacturing additional models of parachutes for testing and conducting ground simulation of the dynamics of parachute exit from the bag, taking into account the limited possibilities for conducting full-scale high-altitude drop tests. In addition, in addition to the regular ESA and NASA expert meetings, there will be a Mars Landing Parachute Systems Specialists Workshop next month to share information.
The launch of the ExoMars-2020 mission is scheduled as part of the "astronomical window" on July 26 - August 13, 2020 with an arrival on Mars in March 2021. After leaving the landing platform, the Rosalind Franklin rover will begin exploring the surface of Mars, searching for objects of interest from a geological point of view and drilling the subsurface layer in order to search for traces of the existence of life on a neighboring planet at any time. The landing platform, on which the complex of scientific equipment (KNA-EM) will be installed, consisting of 13 instruments, two of which are provided by ESA, will begin conducting scientific studies of the external environment and the internal structure of Mars during one Martian year.
Work with the rover at Airbus Defense and Space (Stevenage, UK) is nearing completion, soon it is planned to start testing for external influences at Airbus (Toulouse, France). At the same time, the final stage of testing a flight model of a flight module with a landing module and a landing platform will begin at Thales Alenia Space (Cannes, France). The rover will be installed on the spacecraft in early 2020.