dishwasher

Alexey Sudakov was born in the Yaroslavl province, in a large peasant family. Many of their fellow villagers took their children to Moscow and gave them to work as tanners or blacksmiths, but often also in taverns. This was done not out of selfishness and cruelty of parents, but in order to save children from starvation in the village, which often suffered from crop failures. Working in a restaurant, you certainly will not die of hunger.

To feed his family, his father went with Alexei to Moscow to the "exchange" - that was the name of the place where the owners of Moscow taverns chose among people from the surrounding villages sex workers (servant in a tavern), waiters for restaurants and clerks.

Yaroslavl peasants, or, as they were called, “water drinkers” (by this it was understood that they only drink “fire water”), they worked in the best taverns of the city (“Prague”, “Slaviansky Bazaar”, etc.). For them, this work was an opportunity to break into people, to become a respectable person.

The duties of the waiter of those years were not particularly different from the modern ones: take the order, serve the dish correctly, clear the table

The manager of the tea house liked the cheerful, resilient boy, and he took him in as a dishwasher, and Father Alexei as a clerk. And at the age of nine, the future millionaire began adulthood. The life of catering workers is still unsweetened: food must be constantly monitored, everyone needs to be pleased, to calm the drunk boors - in other words, you won’t even be able to sit down.
In a time when there was no plumbing, no garbage disposal, no disinfectants, working in the kitchen was a nightmare. In such an atmosphere, our hero took his first steps towards success, cleaning the plates with numb fingers in cold water. Of course, illiterate village children were taught all the dishes that were served, and if now everyone is taught from printouts, then they were memorized by ear.

The chef personally undertook to teach the garcon all the intricacies of cooking so that he could answer any question from the guest. The most difficult thing for anyone was to learn the composition of the sauces, of which there were the greatest variety, and which dish was served with which sauce. They were allowed to work with clients only if the young worker "knows everything about the sauce."

Having learned the menu, he was allowed into the hall to serve the visitors. In this role, young Sudakov worked for about four years. By and large, the duties of the waiter of those years did not differ much from the modern one: take the order, serve the dish correctly, clear the table.

Aleksey was very smart and lively, diligently carried out all the instructions, so at the age of 17 he managed to become, in modern terms, a restaurant manager. He could wear a “stamp shovel” (a wallet where they kept cashier's checks and money for food) and a silk belt, for which this very “shovel” was shut up. His tea house began to bring in a good income, and at the age of 22, a businesslike Yaroslavl became the director of the institution.

Restaurateur

As soon as the young man saved up an impressive amount, he immediately bought a restaurant on Rozhdestvensky Boulevard, which became popular throughout Moscow. Then another one, but the businessman's dream was chic and beautiful restaurant "Yar"(named after the French chef Yard, and not from the ravine), which is now located near the Dynamo metro station, on Leningradka.

This place was different from other cereals, since not only bread was served there, but also spectacles: Stepan Ryabov's orchestra played, choirs sang, and in general the whole high society was here: the rich Morozov, the writers Chekhov and Kuprin, the opera star Chaliapin, the famous "unbeliever" director Stanislavsky, "our everything" Pushkin.

Owning such a place meant not only getting rich, but also becoming famous among the elite. At his own peril and risk, taking a tidy sum in debt, Sudakov in 1896 buys "Yar" from the squandered owner Aksenov. But our hero knew what he was doing, and thanks to his ingenuity he quickly earned money. In modern terms, he acted as a promoter ... of the hippodrome. The fact is that the races took place very close to his cafeshantan. Having agreed with the racing society, he distributed free tickets for this event among the guests, sweet-voiced gypsies gave them to their fans.

“A merchant, after all, how is he,” used to say a restaurateur who knew merchants firsthand, “if it’s free, then he will be happy with coals in hell.” During the day, the audience went to look at their favorite horses, cheered for them, and then, tired of experiences and, wanting to celebrate the victory or pour grief, went to have dinner at the neighboring Yar. There was no end to customers now.

With the proceeds from his simple and brilliant idea, Sudakov decided to make a major overhaul in his institution. His idea was to turn an old wooden building into an Art Nouveau palace. In 1910, the architect Adolf Erichson built a new building with large faceted domes, arched windows and monumental lamps on the facade. Crowds rushed to the rebuilt Yar, even members of the imperial family and the all-powerful Grigory Rasputin were there. The beau monde especially fell in love with the summer garden, where they could sit in the shade and talk about the fate of Russia.

In the same year, Aleksey Akimovich, who had a hundred thousand capital, buys the St. Petersburg tavern "Bear", which, in fact, was a copy of his Moscow brainchild. The restaurateur turns an already chic place into a real “Hermitage”, only in it one could not only admire art, but also have a bite to eat.

Howbeit, restaurant "Yar" survived the upheavals, and in 1952 became part of the Sovestskaya Hotel. The institution was returned to its former interiors and name; in it, as in the good old days, a gypsy song plays and famous people come: from Chubais to Schwarzenegger. Each of us can admire the luxurious decoration and sit at Pushkin's favorite table.

19.11 (1.12). 1896-18.06.1974
great commander,
Marshal of the Soviet Union,
Minister of Defense of the USSR

Born in the village of Strelkovka near Kaluga in a peasant family. Furrier. In the army since 1915. Participated in the First World War, junior non-commissioned officer in the cavalry. In battles he was seriously shell-shocked and was awarded 2 St. George's crosses.

From August 1918 in the Red Army. During the Civil War, he fought against the Ural Cossacks near Tsaritsyn, fought with the troops of Denikin and Wrangel, took part in the suppression of the Antonov uprising in the Tambov region, was wounded, and awarded the Order of the Red Banner. After the Civil War, he commanded a regiment, brigade, division, and corps. In the summer of 1939, he conducted a successful encirclement operation and defeated the grouping of Japanese troops by Gen. Kamatsubara on the Khalkhin Gol River. G.K. Zhukov received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of the Red Banner of the MPR.

During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) he was a member of the Headquarters, Deputy Supreme Commander, commanded the fronts (pseudonyms: Konstantinov, Yuryev, Zharov). He was the first during the war to be awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union (01/18/1943). Under the command of G.K. Zhukov, the troops of the Leningrad Front, together with the Baltic Fleet, stopped the offensive of Field Marshal F.V. von Leeb's Army Group North against Leningrad in September 1941. Under his command, the troops of the Western Front defeated the troops of Field Marshal F. von Bock's Army Group Center near Moscow and dispelled the myth of the invincibility of the Nazi army. Then Zhukov coordinated the actions of the fronts near Stalingrad (Operation Uranus - 1942), in Operation Iskra during the breakthrough of the Leningrad blockade (1943), in the Battle of Kursk (summer 1943), where Hitler's plan was thwarted " Citadel "and the troops of Field Marshals Kluge and Manstein were defeated. The name of Marshal Zhukov is also associated with victories near Korsun-Shevchenkovsky, the liberation of the Right-Bank Ukraine; operation "Bagration" (in Belarus), where the "Faterland Line" was broken through and the Army Group "Center" of Field Marshals E. von Busch and V. von Model was defeated. At the final stage of the war, the 1st Belorussian Front, led by Marshal Zhukov, took Warsaw (01/17/1945), with a cutting blow defeated Army Group A of General von Harpe and Field Marshal F. Scherner in the Vistula-Oder operation and victoriously ended the war with a grandiose Berlin operation. Together with the soldiers, the marshal signed on the scorched wall of the Reichstag, over the broken dome of which the banner of Victory fluttered. On May 8, 1945, in Karlshorst (Berlin), the commander accepted the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany from Hitler's Field Marshal W. von Keitel. General D. Eisenhower presented G.K. Zhukov with the highest military order of the United States "Legion of Honor" of the degree of commander in chief (06/05/1945). Later, in Berlin, at the Brandenburg Gate, British Field Marshal Montgomery laid on him a large Cross of the Knights of the Order of the Bath, 1st class with a star and a crimson ribbon. On June 24, 1945, Marshal Zhukov hosted the triumphal Victory Parade in Moscow.

In 1955-1957. "Marshal of Victory" was the Minister of Defense of the USSR.

American military historian Martin Cayden says: “Zhukov was the commander of commanders in the conduct of war by the mass armies of the twentieth century. He inflicted more casualties on the Germans than any other military leader. He was a "miracle marshal". Before us is a military genius.

He wrote memoirs "Memories and Reflections".

Marshal G.K. Zhukov had:

• 4 Gold Stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union (08/29/1939, 07/29/1944, 06/1/1945, 12/1/1956),
• 6 orders of Lenin,
• 2 orders of "Victory" (including No. 1 - 04/11/1944, 03/30/1945),
• order of the October Revolution,
• 3 Orders of the Red Banner,
• 2 orders of Suvorov 1st degree (including No. 1), a total of 14 orders and 16 medals;
• honorary weapon - a personalized sword with the golden Emblem of the USSR (1968);
• Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic (1969); order of the Tuvan Republic;
• 17 foreign orders and 10 medals, etc.

A bronze bust and monuments were erected to Zhukov. He was buried in Red Square near the Kremlin wall.
In 1995, a monument was erected to Zhukov on Manezhnaya Square in Moscow.

Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich

18(30).09.1895-5.12.1977
Marshal of the Soviet Union,
Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR

Born in the village of Novaya Golchikha near Kineshma on the Volga. The son of a priest. He studied at the Kostroma Theological Seminary. In 1915 he completed courses at the Alexander Military School and, with the rank of ensign, was sent to the front of the First World War (1914-1918). Head-captain of the tsarist army. Having joined the Red Army during the Civil War of 1918-1920, he commanded a company, battalion, regiment. In 1937 he graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff. Since 1940, he served in the General Staff, where he was caught by the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). In June 1942, he became chief of the General Staff, replacing Marshal B. M. Shaposhnikov in this post due to illness. Of the 34 months of his tenure as Chief of the General Staff, AM Vasilevsky spent 22 directly at the front (pseudonyms: Mikhailov, Aleksandrov, Vladimirov). He was wounded and shell-shocked. In a year and a half of the war, he rose from Major General to Marshal of the Soviet Union (02/19/1943) and, together with Mr. K. Zhukov, became the first holder of the Order of Victory. Under his leadership, the largest operations of the Soviet Armed Forces were developed. A. M. Vasilevsky coordinated the actions of the fronts: in the Battle of Stalingrad (Operations Uranus, Little Saturn), near Kursk (Operation Commander Rumyantsev), during the liberation of Donbass (Operation Don ”), in the Crimea and during the capture of Sevastopol, in battles in the Right-Bank Ukraine; in the Belarusian operation "Bagration".

After the death of General I. D. Chernyakhovsky, he commanded the 3rd Belorussian Front in the East Prussian operation, which ended in the famous "star" assault on Koenigsberg.

On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet commander A. M. Vasilevsky smashed Hitler's field marshals and generals F. von Bock, G. Guderian, F. Paulus, E. Manstein, E. Kleist, Eneke, E. von Busch, V. von Model, F. Scherner, von Weichs and others.

In June 1945, the marshal was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Forces in the Far East (pseudonym Vasiliev). For the quick defeat of the Kwantung Army of the Japanese, General O. Yamada in Manchuria, the commander received a second Gold Star. After the war, from 1946 - Chief of the General Staff; in 1949-1953 - Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR.
A. M. Vasilevsky is the author of the memoirs “The Work of All Life”.

Marshal A. M. Vasilevsky had:

• 2 Gold Stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union (07/29/1944, 09/08/1945),
• 8 orders of Lenin,
• 2 orders of "Victory" (including No. 2 - 01/10/1944, 04/19/1945),
• order of the October Revolution,
• 2 orders of the Red Banner,
• Order of Suvorov 1st degree,
• order of the Red Star,
• Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree,
• a total of 16 orders and 14 medals;
• honorary nominal weapon - a checker with the golden Emblem of the USSR (1968),
• 28 foreign awards (including 18 foreign orders).

The urn with the ashes of A. M. Vasilevsky was buried on Red Square in Moscow near the Kremlin wall next to the ashes of G. K. Zhukov. A bronze bust of the marshal is installed in Kineshma.

Konev Ivan Stepanovich

December 16(28), 1897—June 27, 1973
Marshal of the Soviet Union

Born in the Vologda region in the village of Lodeino in a peasant family. In 1916 he was drafted into the army. At the end of the training team, junior non-commissioned officer art. division sent to the South-Western Front. Having joined the Red Army in 1918, he participated in battles against the troops of Admiral Kolchak, Ataman Semenov, and the Japanese. Commissioner of the armored train "Grozny", then brigades, divisions. In 1921 he participated in the storming of Kronstadt. Graduated from the Academy. Frunze (1934), commanded a regiment, division, corps, 2nd Separate Red Banner Far Eastern Army (1938-1940).

During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded the army, fronts (pseudonyms: Stepin, Kievsky). Participated in the battles near Smolensk and Kalinin (1941), in the battle near Moscow (1941-1942). During the Battle of Kursk, together with the troops of General N.F. Vatutin, he defeated the enemy at the Belgorod-Kharkov bridgehead - the bastion of Germany in Ukraine. On August 5, 1943, Konev's troops took the city of Belgorod, in honor of which Moscow gave its first salute, and on August 24, Kharkov was taken. This was followed by a breakthrough of the "Eastern Wall" on the Dnieper.

In 1944, near Korsun-Shevchenkovsky, the Germans arranged a “New (small) Stalingrad” - 10 divisions and 1 brigade of General V. Stemmeran, who fell on the battlefield, were surrounded and destroyed. I. S. Konev was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union (02/20/1944), and on March 26, 1944, the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front were the first to reach the state border. In July-August, they defeated Field Marshal E. von Manstein's Northern Ukraine Army Group in the Lvov-Sandomierz operation. The name of Marshal Konev, nicknamed the "general forward", is associated with brilliant victories at the final stage of the war - in the Vistula-Oder, Berlin and Prague operations. During the Berlin operation, his troops reached the river. Elbe at Torgau and met with the American troops of General O. Bradley (04/25/1945). On May 9, the defeat of Field Marshal Scherner near Prague was completed. The highest orders of the "White Lion" of the 1st class and the "Czechoslovak Military Cross of 1939" were an award to the marshal for the liberation of the Czech capital. Moscow saluted the troops of I. S. Konev 57 times.

In the post-war period, the marshal was Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces (1946-1950; 1955-1956), the first Commander-in-Chief of the Joint Armed Forces of the States Parties to the Warsaw Pact (1956-1960).

Marshal I. S. Konev - twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1970), Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic (1971). The bronze bust was installed at home in the village of Lodeyno.

He wrote memoirs: "Forty-fifth" and "Notes of the front commander."

Marshal I.S. Konev had:

• two Gold Stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union (07/29/1944, 06/1/1945),
• 7 orders of Lenin,
• order of the October Revolution,
• 3 Orders of the Red Banner,
• 2 orders of Kutuzov 1st degree,
• order of the Red Star,
• a total of 17 orders and 10 medals;
• honorary nominal weapon - a sword with the Golden Emblem of the USSR (1968),
• 24 foreign awards (including 13 foreign orders).

He was buried on Red Square in Moscow near the Kremlin wall.

Govorov Leonid Alexandrovich

10(22).02.1897-19.03.1955
Marshal of the Soviet Union

Born in the village of Butyrki near Vyatka in the family of a peasant who later became an employee in the city of Yelabuga. A student of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute L. Govorov in 1916 became a cadet of the Konstantinovsky Artillery School. Combat activity began in 1918 as an officer of the White Army of Admiral Kolchak.

In 1919, he volunteered for the Red Army, participated in battles on the Eastern and Southern fronts, commanded an artillery division, was wounded twice - near Kakhovka and Perekop.
In 1933 he graduated from the Military Academy. Frunze, and then the Academy of the General Staff (1938). Participated in the war with Finland in 1939-1940.

In the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), artillery general L. A. Govorov became commander of the 5th Army, which defended the approaches to Moscow in the central direction. In the spring of 1942, on the instructions of I.V. Stalin, he went to the besieged Leningrad, where he soon led the front (pseudonyms: Leonidov, Leonov, Gavrilov). On January 18, 1943, the troops of Generals Govorov and Meretskov broke through the blockade of Leningrad (Operation Iskra), delivering a counterattack near Shlisselburg. A year later, they struck a new blow, crushing the "Northern Wall" of the Germans, completely lifting the blockade of Leningrad. The German troops of Field Marshal von Küchler suffered huge losses. In June 1944, the troops of the Leningrad Front carried out the Vyborg operation, broke through the "Mannerheim Line" and took the city of Vyborg. L. A. Govorov became the Marshal of the Soviet Union (06/18/1944). In the fall of 1944, Govorov's troops liberated Estonia by breaking into the Panther enemy defenses.

While remaining commander of the Leningrad Front, the marshal was at the same time the representative of the Stavka in the Baltic states. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In May 1945, the German Army Group "Kurland" surrendered to the troops of the front.

Moscow saluted 14 times to the troops of commander L. A. Govorov. In the post-war period, the marshal became the first Commander-in-Chief of the country's air defense.

Marshal L. A. Govorov had:

• Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union (27.01.1945), 5 Orders of Lenin,
• Order "Victory" (05/31/1945),
• 3 Orders of the Red Banner,
• 2 orders of Suvorov 1st degree,
• Order of Kutuzov 1st degree,
• Order of the Red Star - a total of 13 orders and 7 medals,
• Tuvan "Order of the Republic",
• 3 foreign orders.

He died in 1955 at the age of 59. He was buried on Red Square in Moscow near the Kremlin wall.

Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich

December 9(21), 1896—August 3, 1968
Marshal of the Soviet Union,
Marshal of Poland

Born in Velikie Luki in the family of a railway engineer, Pole Xavier Jozef Rokossovsky, who soon moved to live in Warsaw. Service began in 1914 in the Russian army. Participated in the First World War. He fought in a dragoon regiment, was a non-commissioned officer, twice wounded in battle, awarded the St. George Cross and 2 medals. Red Guard (1917). During the Civil War, he was again wounded 2 times, fought on the Eastern Front against the troops of Admiral Kolchak and in Transbaikalia against Baron Ungern; commanded a squadron, division, cavalry regiment; awarded 2 orders of the Red Banner. In 1929 he fought against the Chinese at Jalaynor (conflict on the CER). In 1937-1940. was imprisoned, being the victim of slander.

During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) he commanded a mechanized corps, army, fronts (Pseudonyms: Kostin, Dontsov, Rumyantsev). He distinguished himself in the battle of Smolensk (1941). Hero of the Battle of Moscow (09/30/1941-01/08/1942). He was seriously wounded near Sukhinichi. During the Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943), the Don Front of Rokossovsky, together with other fronts, surrounded 22 enemy divisions with a total number of 330 thousand people (Operation Uranus). At the beginning of 1943, the Don Front liquidated the encircled group of Germans (Operation "Ring"). Field Marshal F. Paulus was taken prisoner (3-day mourning was declared in Germany). In the Battle of Kursk (1943), Rokossovsky's Central Front defeated the German troops of General Model (Operation Kutuzov) near Orel, in honor of which Moscow gave its first salute (08/05/1943). In the grandiose Belorussian operation (1944), Rokossovsky’s 1st Belorussian Front defeated Field Marshal von Bush’s Army Group Center and, together with the troops of General I. D. Chernyakhovsky, surrounded up to 30 dredge divisions in the Minsk Cauldron (Operation Bagration) . June 29, 1944 Rokossovsky was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. The highest military orders "Virtuti Military" and the cross of "Grunwald" 1st class became the award to the marshal for the liberation of Poland.

At the final stage of the war, the 2nd Belorussian Front of Rokossovsky participated in the East Prussian, Pomeranian and Berlin operations. Moscow saluted the troops of commander Rokossovsky 63 times. On June 24, 1945, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, holder of the Order of Victory, Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky commanded the Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow. In 1949-1956, K.K. Rokossovsky was the Minister of National Defense of the Polish People's Republic. He was awarded the title Marshal of Poland (1949). Returning to the Soviet Union, he became the chief inspector of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

Wrote memoirs "Soldier's Duty".

Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky had:

• 2 Gold Stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union (07/29/1944, 06/1/1945),
• 7 orders of Lenin,
• Order "Victory" (03/30/1945),
• order of the October Revolution,
• 6 Orders of the Red Banner,
• Order of Suvorov 1st degree,
• Order of Kutuzov 1st degree,
• a total of 17 orders and 11 medals;
• honorary weapon - a checker with the golden Emblem of the USSR (1968),
• 13 foreign awards (including 9 foreign orders)

He was buried on Red Square in Moscow near the Kremlin wall. A bronze bust of Rokossovsky was installed in his homeland (Velikiye Luki).

Malinovsky Rodion Yakovlevich

11(23).11.1898-31.03.1967
Marshal of the Soviet Union,
Minister of Defense of the USSR

Born in Odessa, grew up without a father. In 1914 he volunteered for the front of the 1st World War, where he was seriously wounded and awarded the St. George Cross of the 4th degree (1915). In February 1916 he was sent to France as part of the Russian Expeditionary Force. There he was again wounded and received a French military cross. Returning to his homeland, he voluntarily joined the Red Army (1919), fought against the Whites in Siberia. In 1930 he graduated from the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze. In 1937-1938, he volunteered to fight in Spain (under the pseudonym "Malino") on the side of the republican government, for which he received the Order of the Red Banner.

In the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) he commanded a corps, an army, a front (pseudonyms: Yakovlev, Rodionov, Morozov). Distinguished himself in the Battle of Stalingrad. Malinovsky's army, in cooperation with other armies, stopped and then defeated Field Marshal E. von Manstein's Army Group Don, which was trying to release the Paulus group surrounded by Stalingrad. The troops of General Malinovsky liberated Rostov and Donbass (1943), participated in the cleansing of the Right-Bank Ukraine from the enemy; having defeated the troops of E. von Kleist, they took Odessa on April 10, 1944; together with the troops of General Tolbukhin, they defeated the southern wing of the enemy front, surrounding 22 German divisions and the 3rd Romanian army in the Iasi-Kishinev operation (20-29.08.1944). During the fighting, Malinovsky was slightly wounded; On September 10, 1944, he was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. The troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front of Marshal R. Ya. Malinovsky liberated Romania, Hungary, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. On August 13, 1944, they entered Bucharest, took Budapest by storm (02/13/1945), liberated Prague (05/09/1945). Marshal was awarded the Order of Victory.

Since July 1945, Malinovsky commanded the Trans-Baikal Front (pseudonym Zakharov), which dealt the main blow to the Japanese Kwantung Army in Manchuria (08.1945). The troops of the front reached Port Arthur. Marshal received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

49 times Moscow saluted the troops of the commander Malinovsky.

On October 15, 1957, Marshal R. Ya. Malinovsky was appointed Minister of Defense of the USSR. He remained in this position until the end of his life.

Marshal's Peru owns the books "Soldiers of Russia", "Angry whirlwinds of Spain"; under his leadership, "Iasi-Chisinau "Cannes"", "Budapest - Vienna - Prague", "Final" and other works were written.

Marshal R. Ya. Malinovsky had:

• 2 Gold Stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union (09/08/1945, 11/22/1958),
• 5 orders of Lenin,
• 3 Orders of the Red Banner,
• 2 orders of Suvorov 1st degree,
• Order of Kutuzov 1st degree,
• a total of 12 orders and 9 medals;
• as well as 24 foreign awards (including 15 orders of foreign states). In 1964 he was awarded the title People's Hero of Yugoslavia.

The bronze bust of the marshal is installed in Odessa. He was buried in Red Square near the Kremlin wall.

Tolbukhin Fedor Ivanovich

4(16).6.1894-10.17.1949
Marshal of the Soviet Union

Born in the village of Androniki near Yaroslavl in a peasant family. Worked as an accountant in Petrograd. In 1914 he was an ordinary motorcyclist. Becoming an officer, he participated in battles with the Austro-German troops, was awarded the crosses of Anna and Stanislav.

In the Red Army since 1918; fought on the fronts of the Civil War against the troops of General N. N. Yudenich, Poles and Finns. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

In the post-war period, Tolbukhin worked in staff positions. In 1934 he graduated from the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze. In 1940 he became a general.

During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) he was chief of staff of the front, commanded the army, the front. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Stalingrad, commanding the 57th Army. In the spring of 1943, Tolbukhin became the commander of the Southern, and from October - the 4th Ukrainian Front, from May 1944 until the end of the war - the 3rd Ukrainian Front. The troops of General Tolbukhin defeated the enemy on Miussa and Molochnaya, liberated Taganrog and Donbass. In the spring of 1944 they invaded the Crimea and on May 9 they took Sevastopol by storm. In August 1944, together with the troops of R. Ya. Malinovsky, they defeated the army group "Southern Ukraine" gene. Mr. Frizner in the Iasi-Kishinev operation. On September 12, 1944, F.I. Tolbukhin was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

Tolbukhin's troops liberated Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary and Austria. Moscow saluted Tolbukhin's troops 34 times. At the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945, the marshal led the column of the 3rd Ukrainian Front.

The health of the marshal, undermined by wars, began to fail, and in 1949 F.I. Tolbukhin died at the age of 56. Three days of mourning was declared in Bulgaria; the city of Dobrich was renamed to the city of Tolbukhin.

In 1965, Marshal F.I. Tolbukhin was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

People's Hero of Yugoslavia (1944) and "Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria" (1979).

Marshal F.I. Tolbukhin had:

• 2 orders of Lenin,
• Order "Victory" (04/26/1945),
• 3 Orders of the Red Banner,
• 2 orders of Suvorov 1st degree,
• Order of Kutuzov 1st degree,
• order of the Red Star,
• a total of 10 orders and 9 medals;
• as well as 10 foreign awards (including 5 foreign orders).

He was buried on Red Square in Moscow near the Kremlin wall.

Meretskov Kirill Afanasyevich

May 26 (June 7), 1897—December 30, 1968
Marshal of the Soviet Union

Born in the village of Nazaryevo near Zaraysk, Moscow Region, in a peasant family. Prior to serving in the army, he worked as a mechanic. In the Red Army since 1918. During the Civil War he fought on the Eastern and Southern fronts. Participated in battles in the ranks of the 1st Cavalry against the Poles of Pilsudski. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

In 1921 he graduated from the Military Academy of the Red Army. In 1936-1937, under the pseudonym "Petrovich", he fought in Spain (he was awarded the Orders of Lenin and the Red Banner). During the Soviet-Finnish War (December 1939 - March 1940) he commanded the army that broke through the "Manerheim Line" and took Vyborg, for which he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union (1940).
During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded the troops of the northern directions (pseudonyms: Afanasiev, Kirillov); was the representative of the Headquarters on the North-Western Front. He commanded the army, the front. In 1941, Meretskov inflicted the first serious defeat in the war on the troops of Field Marshal Leeb near Tikhvin. On January 18, 1943, the troops of Generals Govorov and Meretskov, inflicting a counterattack near Shlisselburg (Operation Iskra), broke through the blockade of Leningrad. On January 20, Novgorod was taken. In February 1944 he became commander of the Karelian Front. In June 1944, Meretskov and Govorov defeated Marshal K. Mannerheim in Karelia. In October 1944, Meretskov's troops defeated the enemy in the Arctic near Pechenga (Petsamo). On October 26, 1944, K. A. Meretskov received the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union, and from the Norwegian King Haakon VII, the Grand Cross of St. Olaf.

In the spring of 1945, the “cunning Yaroslavets” (as Stalin called him) under the name of “General Maksimov” was sent to the Far East. In August-September 1945, his troops participated in the defeat of the Kwantung Army, breaking into Manchuria from Primorye and liberating the regions of China and Korea.

Moscow saluted the troops of the commander Meretskov 10 times.

Marshal K. A. Meretskov had:

• Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union (03/21/1940), 7 Orders of Lenin,
• Order "Victory" (09/08/1945),
• order of the October Revolution,
• 4 orders of the Red Banner,
• 2 orders of Suvorov 1st degree,
• Order of Kutuzov 1st degree,
• 10 medals;
• honorary weapons - a sword with the Golden Emblem of the USSR, as well as 4 higher foreign orders and 3 medals.

Wrote memoirs "In the service of the people." He was buried on Red Square in Moscow near the Kremlin wall.

Konev Ivan Stepanovich
16(28).12.1897–27.06.1973

Marshal of the Soviet Union

Born in the Vologda region in the village of Lodeino in a peasant family. In 1916 he was drafted into the army. After graduating from the training team, he served as a junior non-commissioned officer art. division, was sent to the Southwestern Front. He joined the Red Army in 1918, took part in the battles against the troops of Admiral Kolchak, Ataman Semenov, and the Japanese. He was the commissioner of the armored train "Grozny", after which the brigades and divisions. In 1921 he took part in the storming of Kronstadt. In 1934 he graduated from the Academy. Frunze, commanded a regiment, division, corps, 2nd Separate Red Banner Far Eastern Army (1938–1940).

During the Great Patriotic War, under the pseudonyms Stepin and Kievsky, he commanded the fronts and the army. He took part in 1941 in the battles of Smolensk and Kalinin, in the defense of Moscow in 1941-1942. During the Kursk operation, together with the army of General N.F. Vatutin on the Belgorod-Kharkov bridgehead destroyed the enemy. On August 5, 1943, troops led by Konev liberated the city of Belgorod, and in this honor Moscow gave its first salutes in honor of the victories. On August 24, Kharkov was taken by Konev's troops. After that, the breakthrough of the "Eastern Wall" on the Dnieper was realized.

In 1944, near Korsun-Shevchenkovsky, the enemy staged something like “New Stalingrad” - they managed to surround and destroy 10 divisions, as well as 1 brigade of General V. Stemmeran, who was also killed on the battlefield.

On February 20, 1944, Konev received the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union, and on March 26, 1944, the army of the 1st Ukrainian Front, having driven out the enemy, was the first to reach the state border.

In July-August, under the command of Konev, it was possible to destroy the Northern Ukraine Army Group under the leadership of Field Marshal E. von Manstein during the Lvov-Sandomierz operation. The name of Marshal Konev is directly related to the outstanding victories of the Red Army in the last stages of the war in the Vistula-Oder, Berlin, and Prague operations. During the Berlin operation, Konev's troops reached the river. Elbe at Torgau and met with the American military General O. Bradley. On May 9, 1945, the defeat of Field Marshal Scherner near Prague was completed. The highest orders of the "White Lion" of the 1st class and the "Czechoslovak Military Cross of 1939" were given to Konev for the liberation of Prague as awards. Moscow saluted 57 times in honor of his outstanding victories. At the end of the Great Patriotic War, Konev was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces and the first Commander-in-Chief of the Joint Armed Forces of the States Parties to the Warsaw Pact (1956–1960).

Marshal I. S. Konev was twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, he is a hero of Czechoslovakia and the Mongolian People's Republic. His bronze bust is installed in his homeland in the village of Lodeino.

• two Gold Stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union (07/29/1944, 06/1/1945),
• 7 orders of Lenin,
• Order "Victory" (03/30/1945),
• order of the October Revolution,
• 3 Orders of the Red Banner,
• 2 orders of Suvorov 1st degree,
• 2 orders of Kutuzov 1st degree,
• order of the Red Star,
• a total of 17 orders and 10 medals;
• honorary nominal weapon - a saber with the Golden Emblem of the USSR (1968),
• 24 foreign awards (including 13 foreign orders).

V.A. Egorshin, Field Marshals and Marshals. M., 2000

Konev Ivan Stepanovich

Born on December 16 (December 28), 1897 in the village of Lodeyno, Podosinovsky District, Kirov Region, in a peasant family, Russian by nationality. In 1912 he graduated from the zemstvo school, in 1926 he took advanced training courses for senior officers at the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze, and in 1934 he graduated from the special faculty of the same academy.

He served in the Soviet Army from August 1918 to June 1919 as military commissar of the Nikolsky district military commissariat of the Northern Territory, was a commissar of an armored train, then a brigade commander and a division commander, in November 1922 he became chief of the army headquarters, after which from August 1924 1925, he took the post of corps commander, and from September 1925 he headed a rifle division. During the certification of 1926, it was indicated that Konev showed initiative, was energetic, and also a decisive commander. The military, as well as the general outlook, is not very bad.

From July 1926 to March 1930, he served as commander of the military commissar of the regiment, after which, from March 1930 to March 1931, he was assistant and acting commander of a rifle division, then from March 1931 to December 1932. was a division commander. And in December 1934 he served as commander of a rifle division.

In the certification conducted in 1936, it was especially noted that Konev, after graduating from the academy, had a very satisfactory military training, holding the post of division commander, had good skills, as evidenced by the maneuvers of 1936. Character - firm and persistent. From September 1937 to September 1938, Konev served as commander of a special rifle corps, then until June 1940 he commanded an army, after which he led the troops of the Trans-Baikal, then the North Caucasian military districts.

During the Great Patriotic War from June to October 1941 he was commander of the 19th Army, for one month he served as deputy commander of the Western Front. From November 1941 to August 1942 he commanded the troops of the Kalinin Front. In February 1943 he headed the Western Front, from March to June 1943 the North-Western Front, from June 1943 to May 1944 he was the commander of the Steppe Front, as well as the 1st Ukrainian Front from May 1944 to May 1945 At the end of the war from May 1945 to April 1946, I.S. Konev served as Commander-in-Chief of the Central Group of Forces in Austria, then from June 1946 to March 1950 he was First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces - Deputy Minister of Defense for the Ground Forces, after which from March 1950 to November 1951 Konev held post of Chief Inspector of the Soviet Army - Deputy Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR, from November 1951 to March 1955 Commander of the Carpathian Military District until March 1956 First Deputy Minister of Defense and Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces from April 1960 First Deputy Minister of Defense for general issues, until April 1962, Konev was in the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, after which, from May 1973, he again became Inspector General of the Ministry of Defense.

Military ranks: commander of the 2nd rank - awarded in March 1939, lieutenant general - June 4, 1940, colonel general - September 19, 1941, army general - August 26, 1943, Marshal of the Soviet Union - February 20, 1944 G.

He was a member of the CPSU since 1918, a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU since 1952, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st-8th convocations. I.S. died. Konev on May 21, 1973. He was buried in Moscow on Red Square near the Kremlin wall.