Municipal budgetary institution of culture "Centralized library system Department - specialized library No. 1 "World of Arts" Lesson No. 3. Theme: "Children's reading for the heart and mind." We read fairy tales by N.M. Karamzin together (the fairy tale "The dense forest"). Loud readings. Prepared by the leading librarian I.M. Babinskaya. Lesson No. 3. Theme: "Children's reading for the heart and mind." We read fairy tales by N.M. Karamzin together (the fairy tale "The dense forest"). NIKOLAI MIKHAILOVICH KARAMZIN is a famous Russian writer, poet, historiographer, rightfully leading the glorious galaxy of natives of the Simbirsk region. He wrote or translated about 30 works for young readers, thus playing a significant role in the history of children's literature. The cult of friendship and tender feelings, attention to the environment and nature, increased interest in the experiences and inner world of a person, his earthly joys - all this is characteristic of Karamzin as the founder of the sentimental trend and makes his works interesting and close to children and youth. In the work of N.M. Karamzin there is no such book that would be inaccessible or undesirable for children's and youthful reading. Tales of N.M. Karamzin's "The Beautiful Princess and the Happy Karla", "Dense Forest" and "Ilya Muromets" are little known among children and adults, were not published as a separate publication and were not illustrated. They are of undoubted interest for reading, studying and popularizing. We invite you to make a journey into the magical world of fairy tales by Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin and learn about the fate of the heroes of these fairy tales. Fairy tale "Dense forest". Of greatest interest is the prose tale "The Dense Forest". The subtitle to it indicated: "A fairy tale for children, composed on the same day." Everyone was afraid of the Dark Forest and did not go there, since it was believed that an evil wizard, sorcerer, godfather and friend of Beelzebub (head of demons) reigned in it. In the village, not far from the forest, lived an old man and an old woman with a twenty-year-old son, who was like "an angel of beauty and a dove of humility." One night there was a knock on their door and a loud voice said: “Send your son to the Dark Forest. The parents were horrified, and the son "proved that the Dark Forest can be scary for others, and not for him." The parents were forced to agree, and the son went to the Dark Forest "following the little white rabbit, which frolicked and jumped in front of him." In the forest near a wonderful house, the young man met a beauty who was destined by fate to be his wife. It is clear that after the wedding, the heroes lived happily ever after. And if the reader wants to know where the evil wizard and the monster are, the author replies that this is a rumor that "belonged to the number of fables", "a terrible monster existed in the imagination of good villagers." Through fabulous images and events, the author convinces children not to be afraid of the forest, to love nature, to enjoy its beauty and gifts. The fairy tale "Dense Forest" is purely literary. There are no traces of folk art in it. As in his other works, Karamzin adheres to the poetics of sentimentalism. Full of secrets and mysteries, the tale begins like this: “It strikes eight o'clock. Time for tea, my friends. The kind hostess is waiting for us on the balcony. You are looking at me, dear little ones!.. I understand. You want me, under the sound of the wind, under the shade of gray clouds, to tell you some old story, pitiful and terrible. Okay, listen. Look at the ancient, dense, gloomy forest that rises before our eyes: how terrible is its appearance, what black shadows lie on its curly peak! Know, in the old days, ten centuries before our century, this forest was ten times larger, darker, more terrible. The rumor that swept through the surrounding villages frightened the timid villagers even more. It was said that an evil wizard or sorcerer has long lived and reigned in this dense forest. Often, by the light of the moon, when the villagers looked at the forest from afar, some kind of monster walked among the trees, along with tall pines, and with its fiery eyes illuminated everything around it. In this fairy tale, the forest is the personification of life (unfamiliar, and therefore terrible and dangerous for many young people). At first, the protagonist, like all the inhabitants, is afraid of the dense forest, but, having overcome his fear and going into it, he meets there ... But, however, after reading, you will find out for yourself. The reading of the fairy tale is accompanied by an electronic presentation. References: 1. Gerlovan, O. K. N. M. Karamzin. Dense forest // Russian literature. - 1993. - No. 5. - S. 12-17.
"Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. Dense forest. A fairy tale for children, composed on the same day for the following given words - a balcony, a forest, a ball, a hut, a horse, a meadow, a raspberry bush, an oak, ... "
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin.
Dense forest.
A fairy tale for children, composed on the same day for the following given words - balcony, forest, ball, hut, horse, meadow, raspberry bush, oak, Ossian, source, coffin, music. It strikes eight o'clock. Time for tea, my friends. The kind hostess is waiting for us on the balcony.
The evening is gloomy. Menacing clouds rush across the blue sky. There, in the west, a black cloud forms. The wind howls among the ruins of our ancient church. Everything is sad, everything is sad!
You are looking at me, dear little ones!.. I understand. You want me, under the sound of the wind, under the shade of gray clouds, to tell you some old story, pitiful and terrible, and turn the past into the present for you. Is not it? - Okay, listen.
Look at the ancient, dense, gloomy forest that rises before our eyes: how terrible is its appearance, what black shadows lie on its curly peak! You hear the muffled noise of the trees shaken by the wind - and you feel the chill of horror in your hearts. Know, in the old days, ten centuries before our century, this forest was ten times larger, darker, more terrible. No one laid any paths or paths in it; wild animals lived in its gloomy deserts, and the languid wanderer on the hottest afternoon did not dare to seek coolness in its thick canopy.
The rumor that swept through the surrounding villages frightened the timid villagers even more. They said that in this dense forest - you need to know that it had no other name, ”for a long time there lived and reigned one evil wizard or sorcerer, godfather and friend of hellish Belzebub. Often, at the dead of midnight, fiery balls flew out of there, rushed through the gloomy air, and suddenly disappeared with a crash.
Often, by the light of the moon, when the villagers looked at the forest from a distance, some kind of monster walked among the trees, along with tall pines, and with its fiery eyes illuminated everything around it for a hundred fathoms. Moreover, it happened several thousand times that young horses, who, being bolder than people, sometimes entered the forest thicket, returned home all in wounds, all in blood; and the villagers, by natural logic, concluded that one evil sorcerer, the godfather of Beelzebub, could bite them in such an unmerciful way. - You will agree, my friends, that it was, in fact, very, very scary.
I don’t know what our village was called at the time I’m talking about, but I know that a kind old man and a kind old woman, husband and wife, lived in it then under the roof of a humble hut, in peace and harmony, according to the law of Heaven, the law of a pure conscience , lived happily, like Philemon and Baucis, with the difference that the Phrygian spouses had no children, while ours had a son, an angel with beauty, a dove with humility, and - at twenty years old - an old man with reason. Envy found only one vice in him, namely, that he did not like women and did not think of looking for a bride for himself, to the great chagrin of all the village beauties, who, having sensitive hearts, could not look indifferently at the white-ruddy face, black eyes, majestic posture and a straight camp of an amiable youth. In vain did his father and mother approach him; in vain they said to him: “Rejoice us in old age, priceless son, rejoice us with your marriage. Oh! Will dear grandchildren never play on our knees? “Dear parents! he answered through tears. “Do not torture your poor son; For God's sake don't torture him! I am ready to die for you; but only I cannot marry without a hearty inclination. What should I do? Our beauties do not seduce me. We will wait for the betrothed bride, dear parents, and pray to God!” - What to do? Good old men sighed and prayed to God.
Now - listen with attention! .. One night, when the good old man, the good old woman and their good son were enjoying a quiet and peaceful sleep, a thundering voice was heard in the hut and said to the parents: “Send the son to the dense forest; there he will find his and your well-being” - and to his son: “Go to the dense forest; there you will find your well-being and that of your parents.” The old people woke up with a tremble; but the young man opened his eyes with a smile and said to his father and mother: “You heard a heavenly voice, the voice of my guardian angel; one must obey him, one must go into the dense forest. - “Go to the dense forest! exclaimed the good old men in horror. - Dear son! What are you saying? There, certain death awaits you. No, not your guardian angel, but some evil, infernal spirit, who wants our death, uttered such terrible words. - The young man did not want to change his thoughts, and finally, it was necessary to wait for further incidents. - What? Another night came, and the same voice was heard in the hut: the words were the same: "Go into the dense forest!" The parents trembled again, and the young man, with his former smile, said to them: “See!” - The third night has come: the same voice, the same words, with the addition: "Woe to those who have no faith!" “Then the father and mother, in spite of their horror, in spite of their fearful love for their dear son, felt the need to obey Heaven. His will was clear and undoubted: what evil, infernal spirit could speak of holy faith? The young man exhorted them to have full power of attorney to the dark ways of the highest Wisdom; he tried to calm them down with his cheerful air and proved that a dense forest can be terrible for others, and not for him.
Finally, the parents, weeping bitterly, agreed to part with the favorite of their souls. The tender mother let him go with everything he needed for the journey and put on his neck a small image with which her late grandmother blessed and which kept their humble home no worse than the statue of Minervin kept the once magnificent Troy. The good old man put both hands on the young man's head, looked up at the sky and said: "Be his shield!" - They parted ... at the dawn of the day, the most beautiful of spring. The parents stood motionless and looked at their dear, who, with a staff in his hand, went straight to the dense forest, not knowing exactly what business he was doing. He had already disappeared from their eyes... But they kept looking; they looked at the gloomy forest, which seemed to them gloomier and more menacing than ever.
But we, my friends, should not leave the young Hero. Being kind and innocent in his heart, without any fear he approached the forest - he entered it - and (following the little white rabbit, which frolicked and jumped in front of him) went through the density of trees to a green meadow, where flowers were fragrant, bright streams murmured and the white goats nibbled on the ants around the beautiful country house, planted with raspberry and currant bushes. But the young man forgot the flowers, and streams, and white goats, and the rural house, when he suddenly saw before his eyes ... “Some kind of monster? you think.
“Some kind of dragon, snake, crocodile or evil wizard, in a high hat, riding a bat?”... No, my friends! Quite different, completely different. He saw - a young, beautiful woman (in a light white dress with a golden belt), who looked not like Venus, but like an immaculate Angel. She approached the young man, looked at him with her large, light blue eyes, in which both meekness of heart and touching grief were depicted, bowed to him, took him by the hand with tenderness, and, without saying a word, led him to the village house. Could he have gone with her? Could he be afraid of anything, seeing her charms and courtesy, the seal of Heavenly favor, the mirror of spiritual beauties? Already his heart was tenderly attracted to her heart; already her grief touched his soul; he was about to ask about the cause of the tears that shone on her eyelashes... But then another phenomenon presented itself to his eyes.
Under the shade of an ancient oak, which darkened the house with its thick branches, sat a white-haired venerable old man in long woven clothes, which the Scottish mountain winds once fluttered on the sacred Druids and Bards, contemporaries of Ossian. He looked at the young man with languid eyes ... but sparks of heavenly fire still shone in them, flaming in the hearts of great men ... looked and, stretching out his arms to him, said in a quiet but distinct voice: “Heaven sends you, oh virtuous young man ! into this solitary wilderness, that you may be a witness to my death and the owner of a treasure worthy of the first of the kings of the earth, but which not all the kings of the earth are worthy. Draw near to my heart, and let me embrace you together with this dear daughter, the favorite of my soul, whom good Providence has appointed you as a wife. She will love you, you will love her, and peaceful happiness will crown your days. Know, my son, for I have already been given the sacred right to call you this
name, - know that I was one of those mortals to whom the Divine favors to reveal its eternal wisdom and the secrets of wonderful Nature, may they worship His majesty in the delight of their souls. Here, far from the vanity of the world, far from evil and depraved people, in the silent silence of solitude, I delved in spirit into the laws of heaven that rule the universe. But even earthly joys gladdened my soul. I enjoyed this tender, cordial union, without which there is no true well-being for mortals; enjoyed the love of a sweet, virtuous wife, whom you see in the blossoming image of her daughter. But long ago she moved to the heavenly abodes: I hasten there to unite with her with a new union. My hour has come - I feel the cold hand of death - its sharp scythe sparkles before my eyes. All those who live under the sun must sooner or later turn to dust. I foresaw my end and only lamented the fate of my dear daughter: innocence remained an orphan in the world. I prayed - I poured out my soul before eternal Goodness - and the Merciful One heard the prayer of a pure heart: He promised to send a virtuous husband to my beloved - the voice of Heaven announced to me the time at which you should appear in our wilderness. This peaceful solitude shall be your habitation forever; here you will have everything you need for a moderate and peaceful life. Bring your parents here: let them once lie in the ground near my wife, together with me, on the banks of the holy spring, in the shade of this ancient oak tree, where I have so often delved into sacred reflections! earthly; but It includes you among the good ones - that's enough - do not complain about your fate. You will never feel these inexplicable sorrows and inner torments, which, according to the law of the Almighty, are a share of great knowledge ... The future opens up before my eyes ... I see times of horror and fear, I see centuries of death and oath, among enlightenment and the greatest successes of the human mind. These times are far away; but they will come. Pale malice, armed with a deadly dagger, will rage on the globe and strike down the weak; rivers will bleed, and the wailing of the unfortunate will drown out the storm. The good and righteous will shower their heads with ashes, cover their faces and shed bitter tears... But even then there will still be quiet refuges for peace-loving virtue. Thus, a sensitive family, a company of the most tender friends, moving away from the noisy world, will once settle near this dense forest, whose night will be illuminated with rays of light in time; here, regardless of the worldwide rebellion, it will enjoy love and holy friendship. .. My eyes darken; words freeze on my lips... Forgive me. God will not leave you, dear children. Embrace me... my chilling heart still feels the warmth of yours... Forgive me... I'm dying. - And the holy man died, just as the quiet light of the evening dawn dies under the mantle of night.
I will not tell you about the tears of a tender daughter, which, together with the tears of a kind young man, poured onto the cold body of an old man; but the soul was not in this body, and the earth demanded it into its bowels. The mortal remnants of the immortal husband, in accordance with his will, were buried on the banks of a bright source, in the shade of an ancient oak, near the coffin of his wife. Tradition says that at that very moment heavenly music resounded in the forest and that its harmonic sounds quietly disappeared into the higher expanses of air.
Touching and solemn words of a dying father; his tender eyes, turned now to the dear daughter, now to the good youth; the name of the amiable children, which he called them together, lovingly pressing them to each other in his chilling arms; finally, his last glance, which, so to speak, was shared between them, and the sorrowful, sacred rite of burial, which merged into one of their feelings - everything nourished, everything multiplied the mutual passion of two young hearts, created one for the other. Already the shady evening was ready to descend to the ground, when the Hero, leading his dear hand, appeared to the eyes of the good old men; having parted from him, they did not want to enter the hut, they stood at the gate and waited incessantly for his return. "Dear parents! Here is mine, here is your well-being! Here it is!”... He told them everything.
You can easily imagine their surprise, their joy, They cried, hugged, spoke and did not hear their words.
But - marvel at the strange attachment of people to hereditary shelter, even to the lowest and poorest! - they did not want to exchange their huts for a beautiful house in a dense forest. One miracle could force them to do this: suddenly, from nowhere, the wind tore the hut off and carried it out of sight, so that not the slightest trace of it remained on the ground. There was nothing to do; the old people sighed, shed two drops of tears and went where the Heavenly will called them and where they could better enjoy the rest of their days. As for the young lovers, their bliss was perfect; it died only with their lives; and still shone in the world, like the dawn of the evening, - shone in the well-being of their numerous offspring.
Here lies the story of the dense forest.
“And the evil wizard; and fiery balls that flew out of the forest; but a terrible monster that paced along with the pines; and his fiery eyes, which for a hundred fathoms illuminated everything around; and the young horses that returned home were all wounded, all covered in blood?” “You demand an explanation, my friends! Know, then, that the rumor of an evil magician belongs to the number of absurd fables, which good people have long hunted for; that the fiery balls were composed of ordinary air fires; that the terrible monster existed only in the imagination of timid villagers, and that his bright eyes were nothing but little worms that glitter on the grass and trees on summer nights; that young horses were bitten in the forest not by godfather Belzebub, but by a strong gadfly.
Note: The fairy tale "Dense Forest" is printed according to the publication: Gerlovan, O.K.N.M. Karamzin. Dense forest // Russian literature. - 1993. - No. 5. - S. 12-17.
Similar works:
“Tests 1 course. 1 In which variant is the letter e written at the place of the gap in all words? A) to my brother, in the freezing hole. B) for the third exam., in a pacified current. C) in ancient tribes, about suitable material. D) about blushing Natal., on stale bread. 2 In which row in all words ... "
^ Children's fairy tales by Karamzin
For children, N. M. Karamzin continued to write after the children's magazine was closed. In 1792 he published the fairy tale "The Beautiful Princess", and in 1795 - "Ilya Muromets" and "Dense Forest". Of greatest interest is the prose tale "The Dense Forest". The subtitle to it indicated: "A fairy tale for children, composed on the same day."
Everyone was afraid of the Dark Forest and did not go there, since it was believed that an evil wizard, sorcerer, godfather and friend of Beelzebub (head of demons) reigned in it.
In the village, not far from the forest, lived an old man and an old woman with a twenty-year-old son, who was like "an angel of beauty and a dove of humility."
One night there was a knock on their door and a loud voice said: “Send your son to the Dark Forest. The parents were horrified, and the son "proved that the Dark Forest can be scary for others, and not for him." The parents were forced to agree, and the son went to the Dark Forest "following the little white rabbit, which frolicked and jumped in front of him."
In the forest near a wonderful house, the young man met a beauty who was destined by fate to be his wife.
It is clear that after the wedding, the heroes lived happily ever after. And if the reader wants to know where the evil wizard and the monster are, the author replies that this is a rumor that "belonged to the number of fables", "a terrible monster existed in the imagination of good villagers."
The fairy tale "Dense Forest" is purely literary. There are no traces of folk art in it. As in his other works, Karamzin adheres to the poetics of sentimentalism.
"Ilya Muromets"
The fairy tale draws poetic pictures of nature in the style of sentimentalism, creates the image of Ilya Muromets, who does not look like an epic hero. With delicate colors, the poet draws multi-color pictures of nature, notes the shades and sounds of the world around him:
The waters flowed with brilliance, Grass refreshed at night,
And fragrant flowers
Dissolved the morning air Sweet spirit, aromas.
The red sun came
On the azure of the clear sky
And rays of bright gold
Illuminated the quiet grove,
Hill green and blooming valley.
All creation smiled
Ilya Muromets, who rode through the meadow "on a stately nightingale horse", with a shield in one hand and a damask spear in the other, enjoyed such a beautiful morning.
The image of the hero, created by Karamzin, only partially resembles the epic one. He is shown not in battles with the enemies of the motherland, but in communication with a charming beauty in knightly armor. As in other works of the writer, there is little action here, but a lot of tender feelings and vivid pictures.
We do not know how the adventures of the hero end, because the story was not over. One thing is clear: the image of the epic hero was transformed on the basis of the poetics of sentimentalism.
It is impossible not to note something else: with a similar system of verse, Karamzin prepared the ground for some of the tales of V. A. Zhukovsky.
No Russian writer has ever enjoyed such love and popularity as Karamzin did. Contemporaries saw representatives of different classes and all ages reading his books. One of them wrote: “Guys, artisan monks, soldiers - everyone knows about him, everyone loves him, what could be sweeter for Karamzin? What is better than this panegyric? 2.
Passek, a relative of A. I. Herzen, recalled that at the age of seven, while reading Poor Lisa, she sobbed so much that she fell asleep on a wet pillow. There are many such examples.
^ Karamzin in reading children and youth
In the work of Karamzin there is no such work that would be inaccessible or undesirable for children's and youthful reading. Among children and youth, the largest work of the writer, Letters of a Russian Traveler, was a success, in which he described the pictures and events that the author saw in Europe during the year and a half of his stay there.
Karamzin rightly called his "Letters" the "mirror of the soul." This property of theirs did not leave young readers indifferent, but attracted children even more because, together with the author, he made an imaginary journey through different countries, got acquainted with the nature and culture of Western Europe, museums, architectural monuments, famous people. Karamzin spoke about all this with great warmth, knowledge, brilliant literary talent and pure Russian,
The memoirs of Russian people, whose childhood took place at the end of the 18th century or at the beginning of the 19th, testify to the enthusiasm with which they read “Poor Lisa”, Karamzin’s historical stories, as well as his autobiographical novel “The Knight of Our Time” at the age of 7-12. ”, which in Russian literature laid the foundation for the genre of the story about childhood.
No less popular among children and youth were Karamzin's poems, which for that time were as innovative as his prose. Readers of different ages were especially delighted with his landscape lyrics, filled with tender filial love for the Motherland, deeply ideological in content, brilliant in form and rich in feelings.
Where the cities, the villages flourish, the wavy fields shine
Under the shade of dense forests. ... Teki, decorating Russia,
Shumi, sacred river)
Such, for example, is the famous poem "Volga", a kind of hymn to the great Russian river, on the banks of which the poet's childhood and adolescence passed:
The most sacred river in the world
Crystal waters queen, mother!
Do I dare on a weak lyre
You, O Volga, to magnify!
Praise the beauty of your shores,
It is no coincidence that many generations of Russian people memorized these verses from childhood.
Karamzin's poems, each of his poetic miniatures, as it were, were specially created for children. He knew how to revive the whole world, to talk with his beloved Volga, with his native forests, birds, as with equal, close and dear creatures. In a number of poems, he sang of the Motherland, the exploits of her sons, nature and peaceful life. There are works among them that express thoughts and feelings that are consonant with our era. This is his "Song of Peace":
It's enough for us to destroy each other,
Shed tears for orphans,
And a sad wife
Let it stop burning.
Karamzin was keenly interested in public education, reading issues and devoted a number of articles to this. He wrote: "Whoever wants the public good, let Enlightenment be his first law." The poet dreamed of the time "when the light of teaching, the light of truth will illuminate the whole earth and penetrate into the darkest caves of ignorance." His articles reflected the educational ideas that were promoted by N. I. Novikov in his magazine for children. Like N. I. Novikov, Karamzin looked at children and youth as the hope and support of society, and from these positions he addressed them.
According to his worldview, N. M. Karamzin was the ideologist of the nobility, a supporter of enlightened absolutism. As in the best works published on the pages of the Novikov magazine for children, he believed that a person of any class is valuable in itself, deserves interest and respect. Moreover, the peasant girl in the story "Poor Lisa" turned out to be richer in soul, morally purer and nobler than the noble Erast who seduced her.
Karamzin contrasted the licentiousness and depravity of the Catherine's court with the idealized boyars of the 17th century or good settlers (peasants). He did not oppose the monarchical and serf system, but wanted to see an enlightened tsar on the throne and a humane, respectful attitude towards the serfs on the part of their owners.
The lessons he received while working in a children's magazine left a mark on his work, which was reflected in various ways in a number of his works. In response to the arrest of N. I. Novikov, the poet turned to Catherine II with an ode “To mercy”, in which he wrote:
As long as you give freedom to everyone Visible in all your affairs -
And you do not darken the light in the minds; Until then you will be sacredly revered
While the power of attorney to the people And glorified from generation to generation.
This ode was not successful, and N. I. Novikov was imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress without trial. Karamzin refused to dedicate an ode to the Empress, which he openly stated in the poem "An answer to my friend who wanted me to write a laudatory ode to Great Catherine." In "The Answer" he called himself a poor little siskin who "does not dare" to sing of thundering glory, since he "sings only love" "in a living grove." In a word, he made it clear that he did not intend to sing the praises of the empress.
With his work, N. M. Karamzin served the development of Russian culture, prepared the reading public, aroused interest in literature among wider circles, and contributed to the education of patriotic and aesthetic feelings. Its popularity is on the rise these days.
The work of Karamzin - the most important, turning point in the history of children's literature - played a huge role in its further fate.
^ Radishchev's ideas in literature
N. N. Sandunov (1768-1832) and his drama "Soldier's School"
The most significant, most revolutionary work of Russian literature of the 18th century was A. Radishchev's Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. As a whole, this work is unlikely to fall into the children's environment. But excerpts from it, and most importantly - his ideas were known to Russian people even in childhood and adolescence.
We can speak more confidently about the influence of Journey on children's literature. Echoes of Radishchev's ideas are perceptible in a number of works, but they are most clearly reflected in N. Sandunov's "Soldier's School".
Nikolai Nikolaevich Sandunov (1768-1832) was a gymnasium teacher, collaborated in the magazine Children's Reading for the Heart and Mind, worked at the Noble Boarding School at Moscow University, where he directed the children's theater, for which he wrote several plays. Later he was a professor of civil and criminal law at Moscow University, paid much attention to education, adhered to progressive views.
Sandunov ardently urged educators to study the age characteristics and interests of children, to take them into account in their activities. In these views, echoes of the ideas gleaned from Novikov's circle are felt. But Radishchev had the greatest influence on him.
For many years, N. N. Sandunov was engaged in active literary activity: he translated poems, plays, including F. Schiller's "Robbers", he wrote several plays himself: "Father of the Family" (1793), "Soldier's School" (1794), " The Tsar's Deed” (1817) and others. Many of his plays were banned by censorship, remained in manuscripts and have not reached us.
There is reason to believe that one of the best plays, distinguished by the most advanced ideas, published in Novikov's children's magazine - "Generosity in a low state" - was written by N. N. Sandunov.
Sandunov wrote his works for the theater he directed at the university's Noble Boarding School, that is, for the children's theater. Later, from the plays that were part of the repertoire of this theater, he compiled two collections - "Children's Theater for the Education of the Heart and Mind" (1819), as well as "Children's Theater. Collection of plays played in the Imperial Moscow University Noble Boarding School, in two parts, published by the printing house of Moscow University. The first part of this edition opened with a large introductory article on the educational value of children's theater.
The most significant work of N. Sandunov is the drama "Soldier's School", which depicts the horrors of the serfdom.
The whole village is at the complete disposal of the clerk Zanoza, who feels himself a sovereign master, robs and punishes the peasants. He forces the beautiful Anyuta to marry him. In retaliation for the refusal, he ruins her father, sends his brother Joseph to the soldiers. “The whole village, your house, belongings, everything that is in it, all this is in my hands. I am free here, over the belly and death, a complete master, all of you just breathe with me ... I am the only one on whom you all depend from head to toe, ”he says to Anyuta and others. Anyuta Bedon's father protests against this, he is ready to die, but not to allow himself or his daughter to be abused.
A regiment arrives in the village, in which Anyuta's brother Joseph serves. Knowing that a lot of money is paid for the capture of a deserter, Joseph runs away from the regiment, persuading his uncle Starodum to catch him. The deserter was caught, and the money Starodum received for this was given to Bedon, who paid off the master.
Joseph is to be executed. But at a critical moment, the reason for his desertion becomes known. The selfless act of a soldier is regarded by those around him as a feat, for which he is not only justified, but also presented for a reward.
In children's literature, a new hero appears - a brutally trampled serf, ready to oppose tyranny without sparing his life. He feels the power, boldly protests. In response to the threat of Splinter to take him into custody and “shackle him in glands” (i.e., shackles), he is not afraid, does not back down from the fight, as he is sure that he is right. The people rise to his defense, which is justly qualified by the clerk as a rebellion. The voice of protest against arbitrariness is also raised by the best officers of the newly arrived regiment, who are ready to fight together with the peasants. They call the manager a robber, a rust that corrodes society.
The play "Soldier's School" was notable for its undoubted literary merits: a stormy and vivid plot, intense development of the action, motivated actions of the characters, and a logically justified denouement. The speech of the heroes is bright, well-aimed, moderately individualized, full of proverbs. At the same time, some peasants speak like aristocrats.
The main views of the author are reflected through the images of the landowners and their manager Zanoza. They are shown as cruel fiends who do not recognize laws, morality, or human rights. And these features are drawn not as manifestations of individual characters, as it was in A. Bolotov's "Unfortunate Orphans", but as a social phenomenon. And this is the main feature of the play, in this way it approaches A. Radishchev's Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow, raises Russian children's literature to a new ideological height. The "Soldier's School" is the pinnacle of the progressive trend in Russian children's literature of the 18th century, evidence of its ideological growth. Drawing pictures of lack of rights and cruel exploitation, the author brings up hatred for the serfdom, the desire to fight it.
Children's literature developed rapidly in the last decade of the 18th century, and a large number of new books were published. In the first place are instructions, encyclopedias and travels. Such are P. Zakharyin’s “The Way to Good Morality” (1793, 1796, 1798), V. Bogdanov’s “Guide to Happiness and Bliss” (1798), K. Damsky’s “The Way to Virtue and Philosophy” (1794), “A new brief concept of all sciences” (in 4 hours, 1796-1797) by D. and I. Nekhachev, “Children's Menologion” by F. Tumansky, “The Spectacle of Light, or the World Earth Description” (1789), “ The latest narrative (description of the land. For young children ”(at 3 hours, 1795).
Informative book tried to give a more entertaining playful character. These are “For the benefit and fun of young children by A. Shelekhov (1799), “Geographic card game” by I. Todorsky (1798), “Focus Pocus” (1795), “Toys useful for children” (1797), “Curious for children riddles with riddles "(1790), etc.
Collections of short stories, novellas, plays, poems, and children's almanacs were published. Such are the collections "Reasonable Nanny" (Kostroma, 1796), "Children's Diligence" (1796).
There are fairy tales both folk and literary. Such are M. Chulkov's "Mockingbird", V. Levshin's "Russian Tales", "Grandmother's Tales" and "Owl, Night Bird" by S. Drukovtsev, "Merry Old Woman, Amusement of Children" by P. Timofeev, etc. Although some of these collections ( V. Levshin, M. Chulkov) are considered to be books for adults, but they were also included in the circle of children's reading. The rest, even judging by the names, were addressed to children. This is evidenced by the prefaces to them and reviews about them.
Although many books were published for children at the end of the 18th century, they far from satisfied the need for reading. Children usually began to learn to read and write from the age of five. Some could read as early as the age of three. The course of study was most often limited to the ability to read and write, which created interest in the book. Therefore, the children read everything that fell into their hands from the parental libraries. So in early childhood, not only Pushkin, Herzen, Aksakov, as is known from their biographies, but also many others read.
Therefore, in the reading of children at the end of the 18th century, more than 80 percent were books for adults, which included works by Lomonosov, Sumarokov, Kheraskov, Derzhavin, Karamzin and other Russians, as well as foreign writers, both in translation and in the original. By the beginning of the 19th century, Karamzin began to occupy the first place in children's reading, followed by Derzhavin.
Thus, despite the relatively rapid development of children's literature in the last third of the 18th century, especially the last decade, it still did not meet the needs, both quantitatively and qualitatively. At the same time, she pointed out the ways for its further growth: a close connection with modernity, with advanced ideas, with literature for adults, a combination of science and art. These tasks continued to be solved by children's literature of the next, XIX century.
Thus the game of literature develops into the literature of the game.
In Znamenskoye, Karamzin wrote and prepared for publication the main materials of two volumes of the almanac "Aglaya".
"Aglaya" as a completely new type of publication is in some respects close to the brochure "Les amusemens de Znamenskoe" - The spirit of family intimacy pervades the almanac. Its very title, like the dedication of the second volume, is addressed to Nastasya Ivanovna; the appeal in verse to Alexander Alekseevich, the inclusion of the fairy tale "The Dense Forest", allusions to the wanderings of Karamzin - all give the publication an intimate character. But "Aglaya" is addressed to the reader, that is, to a stranger, an unfamiliar person. Intimacy here turns into "kind of intimacy", an imitation of friendly, direct communication. Between the writer and the reader personally unknown to him, relations are established that imitate friendly intimacy. A type of relation is being created which in the future will become mandatory for the almanac (some shade of "albumness") and which is fundamentally different from the functioning of the book.
"Albumness", the inclusion of the text not in the anonymous audience of the book, but in a kind of intimate circle of close people naturally gives the author's "I" a concrete biographical character. The reader does not hesitate to identify him with the real Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. This is supported by the fact that part 1 includes an excerpt from the "Letters of a Russian Traveler" (from the "English" part - all French was censorship impossible in 1794), and in the 2nd - Letters from Melodorus to Philaletus and Philaletus to Melodorus. The autobiographical nature of these works did not cause doubts in the reader.
And suddenly this author's "I" begins, to the surprise of the reader, to double. The narrator is still the same traveler, but his story takes on lyrical and romantic features, prose begins to resemble poetry, and the real journey more and more clearly turns into an imaginary one. The author, as he created himself in his imagination, is presented to the reader as an equal double of a real writer.
The story "Bornholm Island" invites the reader, who is already familiar with the "Moscow Journal" and the first publications of "Letters of a Russian Traveler", to believe that Karamzin really, returning from England to St. Petersburg, stopped on the Danish island of Bornholm and experienced mysterious meetings there. Later, when the "Letters" were published in full, the reader received two versions of the return and could choose either one as "authentic". It is curious, by the way, to note that, perhaps, both are the fruit of literary fiction. G.P. Storm, examining the lists of those arriving in the capital, submitted by police chief N. Ryleev to the Empress, found the following entry: “From Moscow, retired lieutenant Karamzin (originally a typo: Karamzan. - Yu. L.) and became in the same unit (ie. e. in the 2nd police unit. - Yu. L.) in the house of the merchant Demuth ". Based on this, G.P. Storm concludes that Karamzin arrived in St. Petersburg on July 15, 1790, not by sea from London through Kronstadt, as indicated in the Letters, but from Moscow by land. The latter seems strange: if Karamzin had already returned from abroad to Moscow, there was absolutely no need for him to rush to Petersburg in order to head back to Moscow. Such a strange voyage could not have gone unnoticed by the Pleshcheevs, Petrov, Dmitriev, Derzhavin, with whom Karamzin was closely associated. Meanwhile, he was not reflected in any documents of this circle of people. It could be assumed that “from Moscow” means “Muscovite”, if in records of this kind it was not necessary to indicate where this or that person came from, and this was done with just such a formula: from Moscow; from Novgorod, from foreign lands. Perhaps this is a mistake, which should be understood in such a way that Karamzin, having reached some port by sea (Lubeck, Koenigsberg or Revel?), arrived in Petersburg in a carriage and, out of inexperience, named his starting point of travel as the place of departure. The non-commissioned officer on duty dressed the answer in the usual formula. We cannot now finally resolve this issue, but the route of arrival at home, not only in the fantastic "Bornholm Island", but also in the "documentary" "Letters of a Russian Traveler" remains in doubt until the discovery of any new materials.
Ilya Muromets11Artwork "Ilya Muromets" called a heroic tale. It draws a poetic picture of nature, creates the image of Ilya Muromets, unlike the epic hero, but only partially reminiscent of him. The main character is shown not in battles with the enemies of the motherland, but in communication with a charming beauty in knightly armor. We do not know how this tale ends, since it was not finished.
Here is how this heroic tale is told:
1“Who is on a stately nightingale horse,
holding a black shield in one hand,
and in the other a damask spear,
rides through the meadow like a formidable king?
On his head is a feathered helmet
with gold, light badge;
on his hip is a heavy sword;
armor, illuminated by the sun,
throw sparks and burn with fire.
Who is this knight, young hero?
He is like May red:
scarlet roses with lilies
bloom on his face.
He is like a gentle myrtle:
thin, straight and majestic.
His gaze is faster than an eagle's
and brighter clear moon.
Who is this knight? - Ilya Muromets".
Tales of N.M. Karamzin
you can find in the following editions
Gerlovan, O. K. N. M. Karamzin. Dense forest // Russian literature. - 1993. -
No. 5. - S. 12-17.
Karamzin, N. M. Ilya Muromets / N. M. Karamzin // Selected works in two volumes. - Moscow-Leningrad: Fiction, 1964. - T. 4. - P. 45-57.
Karamzin, N. M. The beautiful princess and the happy Karla / N. M. Karamzin // Town in a snuffbox. - Moscow: True,
1989. - S. 78-89.
We also invite you to meet
with other works by N.M. Karamzin
Karamzin, N. M. Poor Lisa: stories / N. M. Karamzin. - Moscow: AST: Astrel: Transitbook, 2006. - 158 p. : ill. - In content. also: Natalya, boyar daughter; Marfa Posadnitsa, or the Conquest of Novgorod.
Karamzin, N. M. History of the Russian state: fav. chapters / N. M. Karamzin. - Moscow: Eksmo, 2005. - 671 p. - (Russian classics).
Karamzin, N. M. Marfa the Posadnitsa, or the Conquest of Novgorod. - Leningrad: Art. lit., 1989. - 430 p.
Karamzin, N. M. Natalia, boyar daughter: stories / N. M. Karamzin. - Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1988. - 94 p. : ill. - Also: Poor Lisa; Martha is a tenant.
Karamzin, N. M. Letters of a Russian traveler / N. M. Karamzin; intro. Art. and note. V. A. Grikhina. - Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1983. - 511 p. – (Library of Russian art journalism).
Compiled by: S.A. Malofeeva
11OGBUK “Ulyanovsk Regional
library for children and youth
named after S.T. Aksakov”
Information-
bibliographic department
“Children's Reading
for heart
and mind"
1
1
December 1 (12), 1766 -
N.M. Karamzin
Ulyanovsk, 2012 
Nicholas
11
Mikhailovich
Karamzin
–
rop
the famous Russian writer, poet, historiographer, rightfully leading the glorious galaxy of natives of the Simbirsk region. He wrote or translated about 30 works for young readers, thus playing a significant role in the history of children's literature.
The cult of friendship and tender feelings, attention to the environment and nature, an increased interest in the experiences and inner world of a person, his earthly joys - all this is characteristic of Karamzin as the founder of the sentimental trend and makes his works interesting and close to children and youth.
In the work of N.M. Karamzin there is no such book that would be inaccessible or undesirable for children's and youthful reading.
We invite you to make a journey into the magical world of fairy tales by Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin and learn about the fate of the heroes of these fairy tales.
11Beautiful princess and happy Carla
In a fairy tale “Lovely Princess and Happy Karla” the main theme is love and free choice. The beautiful princess fell in love with the “ugly courtier” Karla, and for the sake of this love she is ready to sacrifice everything. Miraculous transformations take place in the fairy tale: the ugly becomes beautiful due to the victory of good forces over evil ones. Good begets beauty, and beauty begets good.Here is what is told in this tale:
“In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a Tsar, a kind man, the father of a beautiful, rare, incomparable princess.
From faraway lands, princes came to see her beauty:“Not so pleasant is the full moon, rising in the sky between countless stars, as our dear Princess is pleasant; the rays of the bright moon do not shine so beautifully as the golden hair on her shoulders shines; she walks like a proud swan; ethereal azure, on which the star of love shines, the evening star, is the image of her incomparable eyes, thin eyebrows, like rainbows, bend over them, her cheeks are like white lilies ... "
All the princes unanimously demanded that the princess announce which of them was dear to her heart. The king says to his daughter:
“My dear, sensible daughter, beautiful Princess! It's time for you to think about the groom. Choose a spouse from among them, my daughter, and console your father!”
“My dear parent! I can’t discredit the princes in any way, but let me stay in my girlish chamber!”
In an instant, the white tents in front of the palace disappeared, the princes mounted their horses and sadly rushed at full speed, each on his own path ... "
Dense forest
Of greatest interest is the prose tale "Dense forest",
in which fabulous images and events convince children not to be afraid of the forest, to love nature, to enjoy its beauty and its gifts. In the subtitle, the author indicates that this “a fairy tale for children composed in one day”.
11Full of secrets and mysteries, the tale begins like this:
“It strikes eight o'clock. Time for tea, my friends. The kind hostess is waiting for us on the balcony.
You are looking at me, dear little ones!.. I understand. You want me, under the sound of the wind, under the shade of gray clouds, to tell you some old story, pitiful and terrible. Okay, listen. Look at the ancient, dense, gloomy forest that rises before our eyes: how terrible is its appearance, what black shadows lie on its curly peak! Know, in the old days, ten centuries before our century, this forest was ten times larger, darker, more terrible.
11The rumor that swept through the surrounding villages frightened the timid villagers even more. It was said that an evil wizard or sorcerer has long lived and reigned in this dense forest. Often in the light of the moon, when the villagers looked at the forest from a distance, some kind of monster walked among the trees, along with tall pines, and with its fiery eyes illuminated everything around it for a hundred fathoms ...
