Astronomy is a science that deals with the study of celestial objects. Considers stars, comets, planets, galaxies, and also does not disregard existing phenomena occurring outside the Earth's atmosphere, for example,
By studying astronomy, you can get an answer to the question “Celestial bodies that glow themselves. What it is?".
Bodies of the solar system
To find out if there are those that glow themselves, you first need to understand what celestial bodies the solar system consists of.
The solar system is a planetary system, in the center of which is a star - the Sun, and around it are 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. In order for a celestial body to be called a planet, it must meet the following requirements:
- Make rotational movements around the star.
- To have a shape in the form of a sphere, due to sufficient gravity.
- Do not have other large bodies around its orbit.
- Don't be a star.
The planets do not emit light, they can only reflect the rays of the Sun that hit them. Therefore, it cannot be said that the planets are celestial bodies that glow themselves. Stars are such celestial bodies.
The sun is the source of light on earth
The celestial bodies that glow themselves are the stars. The closest star to Earth is the Sun. Thanks to its light and warmth, all living things can exist and develop. The sun is the center around which the planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets, meteorites and cosmic dust revolve.
The sun appears to be a solid spherical object, because when you look at it, its contours look quite distinct. However, it does not have a solid structure and consists of gases, the main among which is hydrogen, and other elements are also present.
To see that the Sun does not have clear contours, you need to look at it during an eclipse. Then you can see that it is surrounded by a driving atmosphere, which is several times larger than its diameter. With normal glare, this halo is not visible because of the bright light. Thus, the Sun has no exact boundaries and is in a gaseous state.
Stars
The number of existing stars is unknown, they are located at a great distance from the Earth and are visible as small dots. Stars are celestial bodies that glow on their own. What does this mean?
Stars are hot balls, consisting of gas, in which their surfaces have different temperatures and densities. The size of the stars also differ from each other, while they are larger and more massive than the planets. There are stars that are larger than the Sun, and vice versa.
A star is made up of gas, mostly hydrogen. On its surface, from high temperature, the hydrogen molecule breaks up into two atoms. An atom is made up of a proton and an electron. However, under the influence of high temperatures, atoms "release" their electrons, resulting in a gas called plasma. An atom without an electron is called a nucleus.
How stars emit light
The star, at the expense of trying to compress itself, as a result of which the temperature in its central part rises greatly. Begin to occur as a result of the formation of helium with a new nucleus, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. As a result of the formation of a new nucleus, a large amount of energy is released. Particles-photons are emitted as an excess of energy - they also carry light. This light exerts a strong pressure that emanates from the center of the star, resulting in an equilibrium between the pressure emanating from the center and the gravitational force.
Thus, the celestial bodies that glow themselves, namely the stars, glow due to the release of energy during nuclear reactions. This energy is used to contain gravitational forces and to emit light. The more massive the star, the more energy is released and the brighter the star shines.
Comets
The comet consists of an ice clot, in which gases and dust are present. Its core does not emit light, however, when approaching the Sun, the core begins to melt and particles of dust, dirt, gases are thrown into outer space. They form a kind of foggy cloud around the comet, which is called a coma.
It cannot be said that a comet is a celestial body that itself glows. The main light it emits is reflected sunlight. Being far from the Sun, the light of the comet is not visible, and only approaching and receiving the sun's rays, it becomes visible. The comet itself emits a small amount of light, due to the atoms and molecules of the coma, which release the quanta of sunlight they receive. The "tail" of a comet is "scattering dust", which is illuminated by the Sun.
meteorites
Under the influence of gravity, solid objects called meteorites can fall to the surface of the planet. They do not burn up in the atmosphere, but when passing through it, they become very hot and begin to emit a bright light. Such a luminous meteorite is called a meteor.
Under the pressure of air, a meteor can break into many small pieces. Although it gets very hot, the inside of it usually remains cold, because in such a short time that it falls, it does not have time to heat up completely.
It can be concluded that the celestial bodies that glow themselves are stars. Only they are capable of emitting light due to their structure and the processes occurring inside. Conventionally, we can say that a meteorite is a celestial body that itself glows, but this becomes possible only when it enters the atmosphere.
We live on the Earth. During the day we see the earth's surface, the sky, the sun. But let's wait for the night. The moon will shine in the sky, thousands of stars will light up. A huge, mysterious world will open before our eyes.
And then it will become clear that we are not just inhabitants of the Earth. We are inhabitants of the Universe!
The universe, or space, is the whole vast world, of which our Earth is also a part. How is the universe arranged? It consists of celestial, or cosmic, bodies. These include stars, planets, satellites of planets.
Stars are huge, incandescent celestial bodies that emit light. The closest star to Earth is the Sun.
The planets revolve around the sun. Each planet moves in its own path - an orbit. Planets are cold celestial bodies that do not emit their own light. One of the planets is Earth. It moves around the Sun at a speed of 30 kilometers per second!
And its satellite, the Moon, moves around the Earth. Like the Earth, it is a cold celestial body. The Moon itself does not glow: it reflects the light of the Sun like a mirror.
Many other planets also have satellites. You can read about it on the Clever Owl Pages (2).
- Consider illustrations. What is the shape of the Sun, Earth, Moon? According to the scheme, tell about the motion of the Earth and the Moon.
Learn more
solar family
Consider the drawing. How many planets revolve around the sun? What are their names? In what order are they located from the Sun? What is the Earth?
Compare the sizes of the planets. Determine which is the largest and which is the smallest.
When we look at distant objects, they appear small to us. So it is with celestial bodies. The sun doesn't seem that big to us. In fact, it is many times larger than the Earth or any other planet. If you imagine the Sun the size of an orange, then the Earth will be the size of a poppy seed!
The Moon is about 4 times smaller than the Earth. But in the sky it seems almost the same as the Sun. After all, the Moon is the closest celestial body to the Earth, it is much closer to us than the Sun.
Let's think!
- How to arrange the names in order of increasing size of celestial bodies: Sun, Moon, Earth, Jupiter? Check yourself on the Pages of the Clever Owl. (3)
Let's check ourselves
- What is the Universe?
- What celestial bodies did we learn about in the lesson?
- How are stars and planets different?
- What is the Sun?
- What is the Moon?
Let's draw a conclusion
The universe, or cosmos, is the whole vast world. The universe consists of celestial (cosmic) bodies. These include stars, planets, satellites of planets. The Sun is the closest star to the Earth. Planet Earth. The Moon is the Earth's satellite.
, Competition "Presentation for the lesson"
Presentation for the lesson
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Goals:
- Introduce students to the solar system.
- Give the concept of a cosmic body, stars, planets
- Get to know the planets of the solar system
During the classes:
1. The topic of today's lesson: "We are the inhabitants of the Universe"
And who has heard the word "universe"?
And what does it mean?
The Universe (cosmos) is our entire vast world, the whole world around us, including what is outside the Earth - outer space, planets, stars.
Since ancient times, people have been interested in the secrets of the sky, especially at night. Many thousands of years ago, the ancient Greeks called a huge number of stars space - a huge world outside the Earth.
Ancient people believed that the stars and planets were the eyes of gods and heroes living in the sky. A defenseless man was afraid of everything: thunderstorms, lightning, drought, storms. The man did not understand why all this was happening. He thought that the gods controlled the phenomena of nature.
(slide 4.5)
Centuries have passed. Mankind has invented telescopes. Looking at the starry sky, scientists realized that the stars and planets are different celestial bodies. What is their difference?
Stars are huge hot celestial bodies that emit light.
The closest star to us is the Sun.
But if you compare the Sun with other stars in our universe, you can see how small it is, and how huge the stars are.
In addition to stars, there are also planets in the universe. Planets are cold celestial bodies that do not emit their own light. One of the planets Earth.
Planets revolve around the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.
(slide 11-12)
See what the Earth looks like compared to other planets in the solar system.
(slide 13-22)
The teacher briefly tells interesting facts about the planets of the solar system.
An astronomical rhyme will help us remember the location of the planets of the solar system.
An astrologer lived on the moon
He counted the planets:
Mercury - times
Venus - two-s,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars,
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Eighth - Neptune,
Nine - farthest - Pluto ...
Who does not see - get out!
(children learn the counting rhyme)
In addition to stars and planets, the solar system includes asteroids and comets.
2. Lesson summary.
- What new did you learn in the lesson?
- Let's test ourselves and answer the questions.
