A revived language that became the state language of the newly created state in 1948 in the 20th century. Now the country is home to about 9 million people, a quarter of whom are first-generation immigrants who retain their country of birth as their mother tongue. In 2009 alone, for the first time in 2,000 years, there were more Jews with Israeli citizenship than those living in the diaspora. In addition to Hebrew, about 40 more languages ​​\u200b\u200bare common in Israel to varying degrees: Russian, Ethiopian, Yiddish, Ladino, etc. Half of Israeli citizens over 20 years old call Hebrew their native language, but the state program requires the obligatory study of Hebrew by repatriates, therefore it is safe to say that about 100% of Israelis speak this language.

Hebrew history

Hebrew finally took shape as an independent language between the 13th and 7th centuries BC. e. The first written monument in Hebrew - the biblical "Song of Deborah" refers to the XII century BC. e. The Torah was created in this language, which is why Hebrew in Judaism is called the "Holy Tongue".

When statehood was lost, Hebrew ceased to be used as a spoken language, but Jews continued to study religious literature and write books. Several normative languages ​​based on Hebrew developed during this period. The Ashkenazi language became the means of communication for most European Jews, the Sephardic dialect was used in Greece, some places and in Islamic countries, and the Yemeni form of Hebrew. The Sephardic language retained the phonetic features of ancient Hebrew. The Ashkenazi language became so close to the German language in the 17th century. among philologists, the theory of kinship and Hebrew languages ​​was popular.

In the 20th century, along with the idea of ​​reviving the State of Israel, the problem of restoring Hebrew, cleansed of the influence of foreign languages, became urgent. In 1904, the Association for Mutual Aid of German Jews was founded, which organized the training of Hebrew teachers. In 1905, the world's first Hebrew school began operating in Jaffa, designed to educate the children of the first repatriates. It must be said that at first, in the new state, Hebrew had to be introduced by rather harsh methods. After the displacement of other forms of the Hebrew language, the policy softened, but it was only in 1996 that a state program was adopted to preserve Ladino and Yiddish.

In the pre-revolutionary and in the USSR, the national language of the Jews was Yiddish. Hebrew was banned in the very first years of Soviet power as a religious language. In the literature, the word "Hebrew" was diligently avoided, replacing it with the designation "Hebrew language". Even after the restoration of the statehood of Israel, Hebrew was opposed to Yiddish as the old dead and living modern languages. During the next cooling of Soviet-Israeli relations after the Six-Day War of 1967, all students of Hebrew outside the oriental faculties of universities were classified as Zionists and were considered potential traitors to their homeland. The word "Hebrew" returned to everyday use only after Perestroika.

Hebrew Features

Hebrew uses the alphabet (alef-bet) in a square script. Each of the 22 consonant letters of the alphabet corresponds to a sound. Vowels are indicated by vowel marks and four consonants in certain cases. Letters are written from right to left and do not connect with each other. The use of vocalizations is limited to religious texts, dictionaries, school textbooks, children's books, poems and songs. Also, with vowels, they write new borrowed words that have not yet been mastered by the language.

• Displaced from colloquial speech, Hebrew could only be preserved thanks to the presence of religious books. By studying the Torah, generations of Jews maintained knowledge of the ancient language. An almost dead language like Latin was able to revive quite quickly.
• There is an ancient and a modern form of Hebrew. The artificially recreated language could not contain words denoting objects and phenomena that did not exist in antiquity. The terms had to be invented, which is why modern Hebrew is sometimes called an artificial language.
• The Hebrew Academy operates in Israel, which regulates issues related to the language and approves the entry of neologisms into the vocabulary.
• The founder of the Hebrew Committee was Eliezer Ben-Yehuda. On his initiative, the Complete Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Hebrew appeared. The first person for whom Hebrew became his native language was the son of Ben-Yehuda. Prior to that, even the teachers had Hebrew as a second language.
• Separate words from ancient Hebrew have become firmly established in many world languages. For example, the names Mary, Joseph, Adam and others are present in almost all languages ​​in various modifications. From the Hebrew language, the words messiah, amen, hallelujah, etc.

We guarantee acceptable quality, as the texts are translated directly, without the use of a buffer language, using the technology

Hungarian-Russian phrasebook. Greetings. Acquaintance. Meeting. Parting. Useful phrases

Greetings, dear readers! With this topic, I am opening a new section in the blog: Hungarian-Russian Phrasebook. We will memorize with you useful Hungarian words and simple phrases that will help you when communicating with the local population. Hungarians respect those foreigners who speak, even if only a little, their native Hungarian language. I will give you the necessary and frequently used words and phrases in the colloquial speech of Hungarians, which can be memorized quite quickly. Write them down in your notebook (electronic or regular) and take them with you when you decide to visit Hungary. I won't bore you with complicated grammar, just a little bit. In order to speak Hungarian correctly, you must definitely devote time and grammar.

From my personal experience, while studying the Hungarian language, I noticed that textbooks and phrasebooks often contain words, phrases and expressions that are rarely used in real life. It is better to memorize what can be useful in practice, rather than clutter your head with unnecessary extra phrases. First of all, we must learn to communicate with the local population, at least at a simple everyday level.

To begin with, of course, you need to get acquainted with the Hungarian alphabet, this can be done on our forum "All about life in Hungary", write down all the Hungarian letters in a notebook, listen to how they are pronounced correctly, say them out loud and try to remember. Plus, be sure to watch the video tutorials for beginners, which I post every week on the site and on the forum. One of the video lessons for beginners to learn the Hungarian language, you can watch on this page, I posted it after this article. Learn with us, with our Hungarian teacher, Martha.

Hungarian words are pronounced the way they are spelled. Particular attention should be paid to the correct pronunciation of sounds. In Hungarian, if there is no need to emphasize something, then in this case the direct word order is used: subject, predicate, object, etc. In interrogative sentences, the reverse word order is used.

GREETINGS

The simplest and shortest word that Hungarians very often say when they greet each other in a friendly way is, of course: Szia! The word has a double meaning: Hello! and Bye! That is, with the help of this word, you can not only say hello, but also say goodbye. If we greet several people, then in this case we say Sziasztok!

Another greeting is: Halló! Hello! This word is very similar to the English version of the greeting, and is easy to remember. And you can say hello and say goodbye like this: Szervusz! This word is often used between those who are on "you" or when an older person refers to a familiar younger one.

Consider polite, so-called formal greetings. Depending on what time of day your communication takes place, namely in the morning, afternoon or evening, the words of greeting will be slightly different.

In the morning: Jó reggelt kivanok! Good morning!

Afternoon: Jó napot kivanok ! Good afternoon!

In the evening: Jó estet kivanok! Good evening!

And late in the evening: Jó éjszakát kívánok! Goodnight!

As you probably already noticed, only part of the phrase changes, which just indicates the time of day: reggel - morning; nap - day; este - evening.

The word kívánok can be translated as - I wish.

If literally translated, it will turn out: I wish you a good (good) morning, afternoon, evening, night. You can often hear that the last word: kívánok in these greeting phrases is not pronounced: Jó napot! Jo estet! Jo ejszakat!

ACQUAINTANCE

After you've said hello to someone you don't already know, try to get to know them better. State your name. It's very simple. Suffice it to say the following: Ivanov Iván (your first and last name) vagyok. I am Ivanov Ivan (My name is Ivanov Ivan).

It must be remembered that it is customary for Hungarians to first call the surname, and then the name, and not vice versa.

Or you can introduce yourself like this: A nevem Ivanov Ivanov. My name is Ivanov Ivan.

Now ask the name of your interlocutor: Hogy hivnak? What is your name?

Or more politely: Hogy hívják önt ?What is your name?

After your interlocutor says his name, you can say the following phrase: Nagyon örvendék! Which means: Very nice! Then you can ask if he speaks Russian, while saying the following phrase: Ön beszél oroszul? Do you speak Russian?

If you hear in response: Igen, egy kicsit beszélek oroszul (Yes, I speak Russian a little), or: Igen, én beszélék oroszul (Yes, I speak Russian), then consider yourself lucky and you can continue talk now in Russian.

If they say to you: Nem, én nem beszélek oroszul (No, I don't speak Russian), then we continue to talk in Hungarian :)

But first, let's remember the simple, but very important words that we met in interrogative sentences and answers:

Nem - no, not

Ön - you (polite third person pronoun, singular)

Bezélek - (I) speak

Oroszul - in Russian

Kissit - a little

Magyar - Hungarian

Vagyok - I am, I am (the form of the verb to be is lenni)

Vagy - you are, you are

Let's try to make some simple phrases. For example, your interlocutor may ask you: Ön orosz? You are Russian?

Your answer: Igen, orosz vagyok. Yes I am Russian.

Your question: On magyar? Are you Hungarian?

Possible answer: Igen, magyar vagyok.

Or: Nem, en nem vagyok magyar. Osztrak vagyok.

No, I am not Hungarian. I am an Austrian (-yka).

Here we met only three new words, these are:

Orosz - Russian;

Magyar- Hungarian;

Osztrak is an Austrian.

Consider a situation where you met a Hungarian friend. Hello. What's next to say? Ask him how he's doing: Hogy vagy? How are you? (friendly informal form). Or a more polite, formal title: Hogy van? How are you doing?

You can also ask like this:

Mi újság ? What's the news? What's new?

Possible answer:

Minden jo. Everything is fine.

Semmi erdekes. Nothing interesting.

Semmy juj. Nothing new.

Minden a regi. Everything is old.

We noticed that the phrases are short, easy to pronounce and easy to remember. This is very important for those who are afraid of long, difficult to pronounce Hungarian words, and just starting to study, they give up this business, concluding for themselves that they will never master such a difficult Hungarian language. Your language will be tangled for a long time when pronouncing Hungarian words, so let's not rush, first we will remember simple short words and phrases.

After the interlocutor has told you about how he is doing, he will definitely ask you:

Es te? And how are you?

Esön? And how are you? And how are you)?

We cheerfully answer that everything is in order, no one expects you to give a detailed description of your affairs, and even more so problems, this is a mere formality:

Koszonom, jól. Thank you, OK.

Koszonom, nagyon jól. Thanks, very good.

Minden rendben van. Everything is fine.

PARTING

This word is not easy for beginners to learn the Hungarian language, but we cannot do without it. Therefore, we remember! First, say it in syllables: Viszontlátásra! Goodbye! (polite official form).

A shorter informal form: Viszlát! Goodbye! And already familiar to you: Szia! Bye!

Remember that in Hungarian words the stress always falls on the first syllable!!!

USEFUL HUNGARY WORDS AND PHRASES

And a few more useful phrases today: Köszönöm szépen! Thanks a lot!

If translated literally, it will turn out: Thank you beautifully!

These important words should be in your vocabulary if you are in Hungary. We say them everywhere and to everyone when we want to thank someone!

In response, we usually hear: Szívesen! Please! With pleasure!

Or Nincs mit! Not worth it! My pleasure! Kerem! Please!

This word is often used at the beginning of interrogative sentences when you address someone with a request: Elnézést, ... Excuse me, ....

For example: Elnézést, nem mondaná meg, hol van a bolt? Excuse me, can you please tell me where the shop is? Or Elnézest kérek .... Excuse me..

If you want to apologize for your act, for example when you accidentally stepped on someone's foot, then in this case you can limit yourself to one word: Bocsánat! Sorry! Or Bocsanatot kerek! Excuse me, please!

Catchphrase: Nem értem! I do not understand! Say this if, for example, you do not understand what is being said to you in Hungarian.

Here is another not complicated phrase: Milyen kár! What a pity! Say it if you want to express feelings of regret.

Mit paransol? What do you desire? What would you like? And literally sounds like: What do you order? You can often hear this phrase in shops, cafes, restaurants and other consumer service establishments.

Your possible answer: Szeretnék... I would like to...

That's all for today! I think that your brains have not yet boiled from the Hungarian language and I will see you again on the pages of my blog! Bye! Szia!

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tagPlaceholder Tags: Hungarian, language, 2013

• #1

  Thanks a lot! Is it also possible to give a transcription in Russian for each word (sentence)?

• #2

  Natalia, thank you for what you do)))

• #3

  Olga Konovalova (Sunday, 05 May 2013 15:48)

  I like what you came up with, I’m going to Hungary, I’ll come to study the articles of your new column. But what about transcription? It is not entirely clear how to read this in Hungarian. Christ is Risen, Natasha! All the best!

• #4

  Thanks everyone for the feedback! I am preparing an audio file, I will post it soon, then it will be possible to listen to how the Hungarian words and phrases given in this article are pronounced.

• #5

  Excellent! No synthetics like "Pete and Ann have e cat."
  If it doesn't take a lot of work, I ask you to indicate, in addition to the semantic meanings of the translations, also the literal ones. This will spur to a more meaningful understanding of the Russian language, no less complex.
  As you study, it will certainly be interesting to compare word formation. For example, from the root "virgins": maiden - maiden - maiden - girl - girl - girly - girly - girly - virginity - bachelorette party (with a difference

• #6

  I join in the thanks. I was in Hungary 3 times and, unfortunately, I mastered no more than a dozen phrases (((a very complicated language and not intuitive ... But I want to continue, because Hungary still beckons :-) I join the requests for transcription, although Cyrillic :-) :-) thank you again!!!

• #7

  easy, lively, clear))))

• #8

  You are right about phrase books, almost useless phrases, for example, in one of them I met: This man has a long nose. I wonder who I should discuss people's noses with?

  You have made a wonderful and clear lesson. I'm waiting for the next ones. I like the language, I enjoy learning it.

• #9

  where is the second part?

• #10

  Nikolai Romanov (Tuesday, 15 April 2014 20:43)

  How interesting: in the Greek language, the same word means both “hello” and “goodbye” - yasas.
  A very useful phrase book for those who are going to Hungary!
  

• #11

  It's now 17, but I haven't found any new information. The one for 13 is great! Thank you! Where can I find the sequel?

• #12

  Need transcription in Russian

• #13

  Great article! Thank you so much!
  How to find continuation?

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