Literary name of Fragi (circa 1730-1780s), Turkmen Sufi poet (see Sufism). Son of the poet Azadi. He brought the language of poetry closer to the folk language. Poems about the suffering of a people devastated by a foreign invasion, with a call to unite the warring ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

MAKHTUMCULI- (pseudo. Fragi) (c. 1730-80s), Turkmen poet and thinker. Son of D. Azadi. More than 10 thousand lines of his poems have been preserved. poems, vols. 1-2, Ashkh., 1983 (in Turkmen language); Izbr., M., 1983; Poems, L., 1984. Makhtumkuli. ... ... Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary

MAKHTUMCULI- (nickname - Φragi) (born around 1730 - died in the 80s of the 18th century) - Turkmen. poet and thinker. Philos. M.'s views were formed under the influence of Nizami, Saadi, Navoi, Rudaki and Nesimi. Adherence to Islam was combined with M. with sharp criticism of obscurantism and ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

MAKHTUMCULI Modern Encyclopedia

MAKHTUMCULI- (literary name of Fragi) (c. 1730-80s) Turkmen Sufi poet (see Sufism). Son of the poet Azadi. He brought the language of poetry closer to the folk language. Lyrical poems about the suffering of the people devastated by foreign invasion; opposed the reactionary ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Makhtumkuli- (literary name of Fragi) (circa 1730-1780s), Turkmen poet and thinker. Lyrical poems of various genres, among which stands out the tragic cycle about being in Iranian captivity and about the suffering of the people devastated by foreign invasion. ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Makhtumkuli- MAKHTUMKULI (lit. name of Fragi) (c. 1730–80s), Turkm. poet and thinker. Son of the poet Azadi. Lyric. poems of different genres; tragic stands out. cycle about staying in iran. captivity and the suffering of a people devastated by a foreign invasion; pl. poems… … Biographical Dictionary

Makhtumkuli- (real name; pseudonym Fragi) (years of birth and death unknown), Turkmen poet of the 18th century. Son of the poet Azadi. He studied at the Shirgazi Madrasah in the city of Khiva. He knew well the literature and folklore of Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Iran; lot… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

MAKHTUMCULI- (Fraghi) (born around 1730, died in the 80s of the 18th century) Turkm. poet and thinker. M.'s worldview was formed under the influence of Rudaki, Nizami, Firdowsi, Saadi, Navoi, and others. M.'s adherence to Islam was combined with sharp criticism of obscurantism and greed ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

MAKHTUMCULI- (c. 1733, the village of Haji Govshan, now the stop of Mazandaran, Iran, c. 1783, the village of Ak Tokay, in the same place), Turkm. poet and thinker, founder of the Turkmen. lit. language and written literature. Information about life is scarce. He studied at the Hala Cha Madrassah, Bukhara, Khiva. Lived ... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

Books

• Makhtumkuli. Poems, Makhtumkuli. This edition of the works of the classic of Turkmen poetry of the XVIII century. Magtymguly aims to give as complete an idea as possible about the best examples of his work in different ... Buy for 560 rubles
• Makhtumkuli. Poems, Makhtumkuli. The book of the classic of Turkmen poetry of the 18th century, Makhtumkuli, includes the best examples of Makhtumkuli’s work, including civil and philosophical poems, satire, love…

Biography

Magtymguly was born in the village of Khadzhi-Govshan in the valley of the Atrek River with the Sumbar and Chendyr tributaries in Turkmenistan, in the foothills of the Kopetdag, where the Göklen Turkmens lived. The Makhtumkuli family belonged to the Kyshyk tribe of the Gerkez clan, an offshoot of the Goklen tribe, a settled agricultural tribe that was in vassal submission to the Persian rulers.

In adulthood, the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). At the end of each poem, he put this pseudonym, sometimes the real name, as if referring to himself. This was in the tradition of the poetry of his time.

In 1754 Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he befriended a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazym ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who held the spiritual title of mawlana.

Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly set off to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, they crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.

Magtymguly significantly changed the Turkmen poetic language, bringing it closer to folk speech. He also abandoned the Arabic-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.

Memory

Monuments

Monuments to Magtymguly have been erected in different cities of the world. The largest number of sculptures is located in the cities of Turkmenistan and the countries of the former USSR (Kyiv, Astrakhan, Khiva), as well as in Iran and Turkey.

Toponymy

• Magtymguly etrap is an etrap in the Balkan velayat of Turkmenistan.
• Makhtumkuli - zones of the gas-oil field of Turkmenistan.
• The streets of Ashgabat, Astana, Karshi, Tashkent, Turkmenbashi, Urgench and a number of smaller cities in Turkmenistan and other countries of the former USSR are named after Makhtumkuli.

Institutions and organizations

Named after the Turkmen poet Magtymguly:

• Magtymguly Institute of Language and Literature (Turkm. Magtymguly adyndaky Dil we Edebiýat Instituty).
• National Music and Drama Theatre. Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
• Turkmen Opera and Ballet Theater named after Makhtumkuli in Ashgabat.
• Library named after Makhtumkuli in Kyiv.

Other

In numismatics

• Makhtumkuli in numismatics

• Turkmen manat

Translations into Russian

• “Makhtumkuli. Favorites". Moscow. Publishing house "Fiction". 1983 414 p. Translations by Georgy Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Yulia Neiman, Alexander Revich, Anatoly Starostin, Y. Valich, T. Streshneva.
• Magtymguly. Publishing house "Soviet writer", B.P., Leningrad branch. 1984 384 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, A. Tarkovsky, N. Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich.
• “I hear the voice of a friend. Pages of Turkmen poetry. Ashgabat. Publishing house "Turkmenistan". 1985 Translation by N. Grebnev.
• Translations into English by Prof. Yusup Azmun (UK)

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Literature

• Brief literary encyclopedia, M., 1972.
• Foreword by A. Zyrin and M. Ovezgeldiyev to the publication of Makhtumkuli, Poems, Soviet writer, Leningrad branch, 1984
• Nury Bayramov "Long Road", Ashgabat, "Magaryf", 1986. As part of the collection, the story "Long Road" (translated by Mikhail Grebnev) about Makhtumkuli.
• [Simashko, Maurice Davydovich] "Tales of the Red Sands", Alma-Ata, "Zhazushy", 1966. The collection contains the story "The Temptation of Fraga" about Makhtumkuli.

Notes

Links

An excerpt characterizing Magtymguly

- Yes, you need to pair, it's time to pair.
- It is necessary to harness, it is time to harness, Your Excellency! Your Excellency, - repeated a voice, - it is necessary to harness, it's time to harness ...
It was the voice of the bereytor who woke up Pierre. The sun beat right in Pierre's face. He glanced at the dirty inn, in the middle of which, near the well, the soldiers were watering the thin horses, from which carts rode out through the gates. Pierre turned away in disgust and, closing his eyes, hurriedly fell back into the seat of the carriage. “No, I don’t want this, I don’t want to see and understand this, I want to understand what was revealed to me during sleep. One more second and I would understand everything. What am I to do? Conjugate, but how to conjugate everything? And Pierre felt with horror that the whole meaning of what he saw and thought in a dream was destroyed.
The bereator, the coachman and the janitor told Pierre that an officer had arrived with the news that the French had moved near Mozhaisk and that ours were leaving.
Pierre got up and, having ordered to lay down and catch up with himself, went on foot through the city.
The troops went out and left about ten thousand wounded. These wounded could be seen in the yards and in the windows of houses and crowded in the streets. On the streets near the carts that were supposed to take away the wounded, screams, curses and blows were heard. Pierre gave the wheelchair that had overtaken him to a wounded general he knew and went with him to Moscow. Dear Pierre found out about the death of his brother-in-law and about the death of Prince Andrei.

X
On the 30th, Pierre returned to Moscow. Almost at the outpost he met the adjutant of Count Rostopchin.
“And we are looking for you everywhere,” said the adjutant. “The Count needs to see you. He asks you to come to him immediately on a very important matter.
Pierre, without stopping home, took a cab and drove to the commander-in-chief.
Count Rostopchin only arrived in town this morning from his country dacha in Sokolniki. The antechamber and reception room of the count's house were full of officials who came at his request or for orders. Vasilchikov and Platov had already seen the count and explained to him that it was impossible to defend Moscow and that it would be surrendered. Although these news were hidden from the inhabitants, the officials, the heads of various departments knew that Moscow would be in the hands of the enemy, just as Count Rostopchin knew it; and all of them, in order to lay down their responsibility, came to the commander-in-chief with questions about how they should deal with the units entrusted to them.
While Pierre entered the reception room, the courier, who came from the army, left the count.
The courier waved his hand hopelessly at the questions addressed to him, and passed through the hall.
While waiting in the waiting room, Pierre looked with tired eyes at the various, old and young, military and civil, important and unimportant officials who were in the room. Everyone seemed dissatisfied and restless. Pierre approached one group of officials, in which one was his acquaintance. After greeting Pierre, they continued their conversation.
- How to send and return again, there will be no trouble; and in such a situation one cannot answer for anything.
“Why, he writes,” said another, pointing to the printed paper he held in his hand.
- That's another matter. This is necessary for the people,” said the first.
- What is it? Pierre asked.
- And here's a new poster.
Pierre took it in his hands and began to read:
“The Most Serene Prince, in order to quickly connect with the troops that are coming towards him, crossed Mozhaisk and stood in a strong place where the enemy would not suddenly attack him. Forty-eight cannons with shells have been sent to him from here, and his Serene Highness says that he will defend Moscow to the last drop of blood and is ready to fight even in the streets. You, brothers, do not look at the fact that government offices have been closed: things need to be cleaned up, and we will deal with the villain with our court! When it comes to something, I need fellows, both urban and rural. I'll call a call for two days, but now it's not necessary, I'm silent. Good with an ax, not bad with a horn, and best of all is a triple pitchfork: a Frenchman is not heavier than a sheaf of rye. Tomorrow, after dinner, I am taking Iverskaya to the Ekaterininsky hospital, to the wounded. We will sanctify the water there: they will recover sooner; and I am now healthy: my eye hurt, and now I look both ways.
“And the military people told me,” said Pierre, “that it’s impossible to fight in the city and that the position ...
“Well, yes, that’s what we’re talking about,” said the first official.
- And what does it mean: my eye hurt, and now I look in both? Pierre said.
“The count had barley,” said the adjutant, smiling, “and he was very worried when I told him that people came to ask what was the matter with him. And what, count, ”the adjutant suddenly said, turning to Pierre with a smile,“ we heard that you have family concerns? What if the countess, your wife ...
“I didn’t hear anything,” Pierre said indifferently. – What did you hear?
- No, you know, because they often invent. I say what I heard.
– What did you hear?
“Yes, they say,” the adjutant said again with the same smile, “that the countess, your wife, is going abroad. Probably nonsense...
“Perhaps,” said Pierre, looking absently around him. - And who is this? he asked, pointing to a short old man in a clean blue coat, with a big beard as white as snow, the same eyebrows, and a ruddy face.
- This is? This is a merchant alone, that is, he is an innkeeper, Vereshchagin. Have you heard this story about the proclamation?
- Oh, so this is Vereshchagin! - said Pierre, peering into the firm and calm face of the old merchant and looking for an expression of treachery in him.
- It's not him. This is the father of the one who wrote the proclamation,” said the adjutant. - That young one, sits in a hole, and it seems to him that it will be bad.
One old man, in a star, and the other, a German official, with a cross around his neck, approached the conversation.
“You see,” said the adjutant, “this is a complicated story. Appeared then, about two months ago, this proclamation. The Count was brought. He ordered an investigation. Here Gavrilo Ivanovich was looking for, this proclamation was in exactly sixty-three hands. He will come to one: who do you get from? - From that. He goes to: who are you from? etc., we got to Vereshchagin ... an undereducated merchant, you know, a merchant, my dear, - the adjutant said smiling. - They ask him: from whom do you have? And most importantly, we know from whom he has. He has no one else to get from, as from the director's mail. But, apparently, there was a strike between them. He says: from no one, I composed it myself. And they threatened and asked, he stood on that: he composed it himself. So they reported to the Count. The count ordered to call him. "From whom do you have a proclamation?" - "I wrote it myself." Well, you know the Count! the adjutant said with a proud and cheerful smile. - He flared up terribly, and think about it: such impudence, lies and stubbornness! ..
- BUT! The Count needed to point out Klyucharev, I understand! Pierre said.
“It’s not necessary at all,” the adjutant said frightened. - There were sins for Klyucharev even without this, for which he was exiled. But the fact is that the count was very indignant. “How could you compose? says the Count. I took this "Hamburg newspaper" from the table. - Here she is. You didn’t compose, but translated, and translated it badly, because you don’t know French, you fool.” What do you think? “No, he says, I didn’t read any newspapers, I composed them.” “And if so, then you are a traitor, and I will put you on trial, and you will be hanged. Tell me, from whom did you get it? “I didn’t see any newspapers, but I composed them.” And so it remained. The count also called on his father: he stands his ground. And they put him on trial, and sentenced, it seems, to hard labor. Now the father has come to plead for him. But bad boy! You know, a kind of merchant's son, a dandy, a seducer, he listened to lectures somewhere and already thinks that the devil is not his brother. After all, what a young man! His father has a tavern here by the Stone Bridge, so in the tavern, you know, there is a large image of the Almighty God and a scepter is presented in one hand, a power in the other; so he took this image home for a few days and what did he do! Found the bastard painter...

In the middle of this new story, Pierre was called to the commander in chief.
Pierre entered Count Rostopchin's office. Rostopchin, grimacing, was rubbing his forehead and eyes with his hand, while Pierre entered. The short man was saying something, and as soon as Pierre entered, he fell silent and left.
- BUT! Hello, great warrior, - said Rostopchin, as soon as this man left. - Heard about your prouesses [glorious deeds]! But that's not the point. Mon cher, entre nous, [Between us, my dear,] are you a Mason? - said Count Rostopchin in a stern tone, as if there was something wrong in this, but that he intended to forgive. Pierre was silent. - Mon cher, je suis bien informe, [To me, my dear, everything is well known,] but I know that there are Masons and Freemasons, and I hope that you do not belong to those who, under the guise of saving the human race, want to destroy Russia.

In Turkmen literary criticism, there are different views regarding the work and biography of Magtymguly. This is due to historical information about the poet's creative path that has not come down to us or has come down to us in a small amount, with a part of his literary heritage that has not been preserved. Which, in particular, led to the formation of different opinions about the marital status, date of birth and death of the poet. Here are some views regarding the date of the poet's birth.

In the first years of studying the biography of the poet, the years of his life were considered 1733-1782. These dates are connected with the book of the Hungarian scientist A. Vamberi "Travels in Central Asia". A. Vamberi wrote in his book: "He (Makhtumkuli - A.A.) from the Turkmen tribe Goklen, lived 80 years ago." As you know, A. Vamberi came to Central Asia in 1863. In the same year, he received some information about the poet from Gyzyl Akhun, on the basis of which it was concluded that Magtymguly died in 1783, but nothing was reported about his age by that time. Based on the information received by A. Vamberi from Gyzyl Akhun and folk legends, 1733 was accepted as the date of birth of Magtymguly. One of the first researchers of Turkmen literature, Akhmet Akhundov-Gurgenli, wrote the following about this in 1939: “According to the European scientist of the 19th century Vamberi, Magtymguly died in 1783, but according to more reliable data collected among the poet’s descendants, Magtymguly died in 1195 Hijri, i.e. in 1780 at the age of 49." A. Akhundov-Gurgenli in 1940, having published Makhtumkuli's poems, repeats this information in the preface to them: "Makhtumkuli was born in 1731 and died in 1780."

In 1941, Rukhi Aliyev and Akhundov-Gurgenli published the third edition of the poet's poems. R. Aliyev, who wrote the preface to this edition, states: “Makhtumkuli Fragi was born in 1733 in Etrek, in the village of Ginjay near the famous hill called Akdepe”, unlike A. Akhundov-Gurgenli, bringing the date of birth of the poet to 1733. R. Aliyev and about the date of the death of the poet gives an opinion different from A. Akhundov-Gurgenli. More precisely, he says about it like this: "Makhtumkuli, having lived for about 50 years, died in 1782."

Researcher Makhtumkuli B.A. Garryev in the article “Turkmen literature is our pride”, saying that “Makhtumkuli was born in 1733 near the banks of the Etrek River and died there in 1782”, supports R. Aliyev’s opinion related to the date of birth of the poet while agreeing with Vambery on the year of his death. Thus, in the works written in the 1940s and in subsequent years, especially in textbooks, these dates were recorded. However, over time, some of the researchers began to doubt their legitimacy. A closer acquaintance with the poet's work, a deep study of various testimonies collected among the people, give rise to the hypothesis that Magtymguly may have been born earlier than 1733 and left this world later than 1782.

One of the first who expressed doubts on the issue of the previous dates of Magtymguly's life was Academician B.A. Garryev. In the article “On the Biography of Magtymguly,” he writes: “It is not known exactly when Magtymguly was born and when Magtymguly died, because there are no historical documents left concerning this issue.”

Following this, the well-known scientist R. Rejepov in the article “On the Way of Clarifying the Date of Magtymguly’s Birth” and Professor M. Kosaev in the book “Conversation about Literature”, having deeply considered this issue, put forward the idea that the poet was born earlier than 1733, which was solid bases. Let's just give one reason. Magtymguly in the poem "For the sake of Chovdur Khan" writes that Chovdur Khan went "to see Akhmet Shah." And Ahmed Shah was in Mashhad for the last time in 1769-1770, and in 1772 he died. If we proceed from the fact that Magtymguly was born in 1733, then in 1770, when fate turned away from Chovdur Khan, the poet should have been 36-37 years old. Makhtumkuli concludes the poem dedicated to the death of Chovdur Khan in this way:

Makhtumkuli, did my peregrine falcon fly away?

My support, dear slander and brother,

There are no thoughts in a gray head,

She is shrouded in mist, Choudor Khan!

If the poet created the poem in adulthood, when his head turned gray, then this speaks in favor of the fact that he was a man older than middle age, about 45 years old, which is confirmed by the words "There are no thoughts in a gray head." This fact, as well as other arguments, give reason to conclude that the poet was probably born in 1724.

Makhtumkuli speaks about his age in a number of his poems. The poet's poem "So it will be" ("Ussada belli") says that he lived to the age of 80:

You were fifty - you fornicated, shed a lot of blood.

What did you achieve at the top ten?

Information about the life of the poet after the age of 80 is not found in the poems.

The poetic contest between the poet and his contemporary poet Zunuba ends with the following lines:

Messenger of God - the Sun, now let's count

One thousand two hundred and eleven years have passed since its sunset,

Death is a bridge, come on, let's reach the Motherland,

Zunuby says, this is our answer.

As can be seen from these lines, to the question of Makhtumkuli: “How many years have passed since the death of the Prophet Muhammad?”, Zunuby answers: “1211 years have passed since the death of the Prophet Muhammad.” And the Prophet Muhammad died in the year 632 of the Christian chronology. If 1211 years are added to the year 632, then this coincides with the year 1806 of the Christian chronology. This fact indicates that in 1806 Magtymguly was alive.

But we should also pay attention to another issue. Poetry competitions appear in two cases. First: some poet, in order to check the level of knowledge of another poet, sends him his poem containing various questions. The poet who received the poem writes his answers to the questions. An example of this is Magtymguly's poems "What age", "What a fire", intended for Durdy Shakhir, and "What's the difference", sent to Orazmengli Shakhir. Secondly, some poet writes a poem consisting of various questions of a general nature, without addressing a specific poet. As an example, Magtymguly's poems “Won”, “From the shameful world”, “Went from height to height”, “Three saints”, “Gave alms to forgive sin” and “I saw the amulet” can be cited. In this case, any poet can write his answer. Even the answers to the questions of the poem can be written by poets who lived after the poet. In general, comparing different information, it can be assumed that Makhtumkuli died around 1807.

Thus, on the basis of new research, it can be concluded that the dates of life of Magtymguly Fragi are 1724-1807.

Annagurban Ashirov,

National Institute of Manuscripts of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan

Makhtumkuli(Persian, Makhdumqoli Faraghi; Turkm. Magtymguly Pyragy - real name; "Frags"- pseudonym; 1724 - around 1807) - Turkmen poet, philosopher, classic of Turkmen literature. Son of the poet Azadi Dovletmamed.

Biography

Makhtumkuli was born in the village of Khadzhi Govshan in the valley of the Atrek River with the Sumbar and Chendyr tributaries in Turkmenistan, in the foothills of the Kopetdag, where the Turkmens of the Goklen tribe lived. The Magtymguly family belonged to the Kyshyk tribe of the Gerkez clan, an offshoot of the Goklen tribe, a settled agricultural tribe that was in vassal submission to the Persian rulers.

In adulthood, the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). At the end of each poem, he put this pseudonym, sometimes the real name, as if referring to himself. This was in the tradition of the poetry of his time.

He studied at the mektebe (village school), where his father taught. Makhtumkuli began to read Persian and Arabic as a child, which was greatly facilitated by the home library collected by his father. Also in childhood, Magtymguly joined the crafts - saddlery, blacksmithing and jewelry.

In 1753, Makhtumkuli studied for one year in the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate.

In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he befriended a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazim ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who bore the spiritual title of mawlana.

Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly set off to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, they crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.

In 1757 both arrived in Khiva, a major center of education with many madrasahs. Here Magtymguly entered the madrasah built by Khan Shirgazi in 1713. People from families especially marked by the khan's mercy studied here. Here he completed the course of study begun in the two previous madrasahs.

In 1760 Magtymguly's father died, and the poet returned to his homeland. A girl named Mengli, whom he loved, was given in marriage to another man whose family was able to pay the required dowry. He carried his love for Mengli through his whole life - many poems are dedicated to her.

Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were members of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured. The longing for the brothers is reflected in many verses.

Returning home, Makhtumkuli got married. He was very fond of his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven.

After 1760 and until his death, Magtymguly traveled to the Mangyshlak peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.

Magtymguly significantly changed the Turkmen poetic language, bringing it closer to folk speech. He also abandoned the Arabic-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.

Memory

• Every year on May 18, Turkmenistan celebrates the Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Magtymguly Fragi, which is a day off.
• In 1959, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.
• In 1983, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.
• In 1991, a commemorative coin of the USSR dedicated to Makhtumkuli was issued.
• The Government of Turkmenistan annually awards an international award named after Magtymguly

Monuments

Monuments to Magtymguly have been erected in different cities of the world. The largest number of sculptures is located in the cities of Turkmenistan and the countries of the former USSR (Kyiv, Astrakhan, Khiva), as well as in Iran and Turkey.

In particular, a monument to the Turkmen poet Makhtumkuli made of concrete and natural stone was erected in the center of Ashgabat in 1971, in the Makhtumkuli square on Makhtumkuli Avenue (former Liberty Avenue), opposite the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Turkmenistan.

Toponymy

• Magtymguly etrap is an etrap in the Balkan velayat of Turkmenistan.
• Makhtumkuli - zones of the gas-oil field of Turkmenistan.
• The streets of Ashgabat, Astana, Karshi, Tashkent, Turkmenbashi, Urgench and a number of smaller cities in Turkmenistan and other countries of the former USSR are named after Makhtumkuli.

To the question biography of Magtymguly asked by the author Neurologist the best answer is ...Sozum anlan yok diyip, umsum oturma,
Jahan gindir, chendan bilen de bardyr.
Magtymguly (MAKHTUMKULI) - Turkmen poet of the 18th century. who wrote under the pseudonym "Fraghi".
The years of birth and death are unknown, but there is a lot of information about him in handwritten sources and folk legends. Based on them, it can be assumed that Magtymguly was born in the late 1720s or early 1730s. in Turkmenistan in the Kara-Kala region. His father was the famous poet and religious thinker Dovlet-Mammad Azadi (1700–1760), who had a serious influence on his son.
He grew up on the banks of the Gurgen and Atrek rivers, in places where Turkmens lived for a long time (Makhtumkuli himself came from the Goklen tribe). Initially, he attended a rural school, where his father was a teacher, but, endowed with considerable abilities and perseverance, Magtymguly completed an elementary school course early, began to help his father with the housework, grazing cattle, and cultivating the land. Later he became an excellent jeweler and silversmith. He received further education in the cities of Kerki and Bukhara, completing it in the city of Khiva in the Shirgazi madrasah. He dedicated poems to him, in which he gratefully recalled the three years spent within the walls of this educational institution.
The dramatic turns of his fate left their mark on his worldview and creativity. Mengli, the girl whom Magtymguly loved, was given to a rich groom who paid a large price. The poet, as the legend says, after some time married the widow Ak-Kyz, their two sons died in childhood. Judging by the verses, Makhtumkuli was in Iranian captivity, in addition, in some verses he recalls his missing brother and separation from him, which lasted nine years, which, apparently, is also connected with the capture of the poet himself and his relatives.
The cruelty of the conquerors and the tragedy of many peoples - the Iranian Shah Nadir repeatedly devastated Central Asia, Afghanistan, India and the Caucasus - also became the reason for his pessimistic mood, reflected in his poems. Traveling a lot, knowing oriental languages ​​and customs, he saw with his own eyes the consequences of devastating campaigns. And the attack of other enemies, the Kizilbash robbers, who seized Makhtumkuli and his relatives, caused a considerable part of the poet's works to be lost - his manuscripts were thrown into the river.
It is not known how much Magtymguly wrote in total (the autographs were not preserved, even the names of the poems published in the collections were given not by the author, but by the compilers). Now the body of his works includes more than four hundred units (poems, small lyrical and lyrical-epic poems), the total volume of which exceeds ten thousand poetic lines.
Many ideas and conclusions in the works of Makhtumkuli are drawn from the writings of his father, who was not only the author of lyrical poems and the didactic poem Behisht-nama, but also the treatise in verse Vagzi-Azad (1753-1754), which is unique for Turkmen literature. Thoughts about the structure of a happy and just state, expressed in this treatise, were then developed by Makhtumkuli. He paid considerable attention to the issues of patriotism and love for his native people, he also has pronounced satirical motifs, reflected, for example, in the poem Please, which has become an integral part of folklore.
The works of Makhtumkuli are loved by the people, they are transmitted by musicians and storytellers, bakhshi (it is largely thanks to them that the master’s poems themselves have been preserved) largely thanks to the new poetic language developed by him. He abandoned the hard-to-understand bookish language, replete with barbarisms and archaisms (Arabisms, Farsisms, Chagataisms). His verse is close to folk speech, built not on the Arab-Persian metric, but on the folk syllabic system. That is why the works of Magtymguly have been assimilated by the people, a significant part of his lines have become proverbs and sayings. (At the same time, conventionally abstract images, characteristic of Eastern poetry, occupy a huge place in his poems).
An integral part of the Turkmen culture are the legends about Makhtumkuli. So, according to