We Russians are a non-aggressive people. As long as it does not concern our homeland. This is where we get merciless. So it was at all times, in all the wars waged by Russia. We offer you our version of the seven Russian heroes of the main wars and battles of Russian history.

Alexander Peresvet

Hero of the Battle of Kulikovo. The monk of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery Alexander Peresvet was drafted into the Russian squad by Dmitry Donskoy himself. The prince knew that "This Peresvet, when he was in the world, was a glorious hero, he had great strength and fortress." Having received the blessing of his abbot Sergius of Radonezh, the monk went to beat the Mongols with his brother, also a monk, Andrei Oslyabey, on the Kulikovo field.

Before the battle, Peresvet prayed all night in the hermit's cell. The Lord ordered that the monk had to open the battle in a personal duel with the Tatar knight Chelubey. The latter was famous for his invincibility, as a duel warrior. Already on the Kulikovo field, before the start of the battle, Chelubey arrogantly challenged the best Russian heroes to a duel, but "no one dared to go against him, and everyone told his neighbor to come out, and no one went."

Then a Russian monk volunteered: "This man is looking for an equal, but I want to meet him." Peresvet was not dressed in battle armor - instead of a helmet and armor, he had only a schema with the image of a cross.

According to Christian custom, the monk said goodbye to his fellow soldiers and asked Andrei Oslyablya and other soldiers to pray for him. Peresvet mounted his horse and, armed with a spear, rushed at the Tatar. The heroes collided with such terrible force that the spears broke, and both mighty warriors fell from their horses to the ground dead. But the death of the invincible Tatar knight gave additional strength to the Russian soldiers, and the Kulikovo battle was won. And Peresvet was canonized as a saint.

Nadezhda Durova

It is customary to associate the defense of the Fatherland only with the masculine gender. However, in Russian history there were female defenders who fought for Russia with no less courage. As a young girl in 1806, Nadezhda fled her noble nest to fight Napoleon. Dressing in a Cossack uniform and introducing herself as Alexander Durov, she managed to enter the Lancers. The girl participated in the battles of Fridlan and in the battle of Heilsberg, and in the battle with the French near the city of Gutstadt, Durova showed fantastic courage, and slept from the death of officer Panin. For her feat, Nadezhda was awarded the St. George Cross.

True, at the same time, the main secret of Nadezhda was revealed, and soon Emperor Alexander I himself found out about the soldier.

Nadezhda Andreevna was taken to the capital of the Russian Empire. With a courageous woman, Alexander I wished to meet personally. Durova's meeting with the emperor took place in December 1807. The emperor handed Durova the St. George Cross, and everyone was surprised at the courage and courage of the interlocutor. Alexander I intended to send Nadezhda to her parents' house, but she snapped - "I want to be a warrior!" The emperor was amazed, and left Nadezhda Durova in the Russian army, allowing her to introduce herself by her last name - Alexandrova, in honor of the emperor.

Nadezhda Durova began the war of 1812 with the rank of second lieutenant of the Ulansky regiment. Durova took part in many battles of that war. There was Nadezhda near Smolensk, Mir, Dashkovka, and there was also on the Borodino field. During the Battle of Borodino, Durov was at the forefront, was injured, but remained in the ranks.

Alexander Kazarsky

Hero of the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829. Commander of the 18-gun brig "Mercury". On May 14, 1829, the brig under the command of Alexander Kazarsky, who was on patrol near the Bosphorus, was overtaken by two Turkish ships of the line: the 100-gun Selemiye under the flag of the commander of the Turkish fleet and the 74-gun Real Bay. To oppose them "Mercury" could only eighteen small-caliber guns. The superiority of the enemy was more than thirtyfold! Seeing that the low-speed brig would not be able to get away from the Turkish ships, the commander of the "Mercury" gathered the officers for a military council. Everyone was unanimous in favor of the fight. Shouting "Hurrah!" met this decision and the sailors. In front of the hook-chamber, Kazarsky placed a loaded pistol. The last surviving member of the team was supposed to blow up the ship in order to avoid its capture by the enemy.

The Russian brig fought for 3 hours with two huge ships of the Turkish fleet that overtook him. When Russian ships appeared on the horizon, Kazarsky unloaded a pistol lying near the hook-chamber into the air. Soon, the wounded but not defeated brig entered the Sevastopol Bay.

The victory of "Mercury" was so fantastic that some connoisseurs of naval art refused to believe it. The English historian F. Jane, having learned about the battle that had taken place, declared publicly: “It is absolutely impossible to allow such a small vessel as the Mercury to disable two battleships.”

Petr Koshka

Hero of the Sevastopol defense of 1854-1855. The fighting for the city did not stop day or night. At night, hundreds of volunteers staged sorties into the enemy's trenches, bringing "tongues", extracting valuable information, recapturing weapons and food from the enemy. Sailor Koshka became the most famous "night hunter" of Sevastopol. He participated in 18 night attacks and almost every night he will make single sorties into the camp of the enemy. During one of the night trips, he brought three captured French officers, who, armed with one knife (Koshka did not take any other weapon with him for night hunting), took them right away from the campfire. How many "languages" Koshka brought for the whole company, no one bothered to count. Ukrainian economy did not allow Peter Markovich to return empty-handed. He brought with him rifled English fittings, which fired farther and more accurately than smooth-bore Russian guns, tools, provisions, and once brought a boiled, still hot beef leg to the battery. The cat pulled this leg straight out of the enemy cauldron. It happened like this:

the French were cooking soup and did not notice how the cat got close to them. There were too many enemies to attack them with a cleaver, but the troublemaker could not resist, so as not to mock the enemy. He jumped up and yelled “Hurrah!!! Fight!!!".

The French fled, and Peter took the meat from the cauldron, turned the cauldron over onto the fire and disappeared into the clouds of steam. A well-known case is how Koshka saved the body of his comrade, sapper Stepan Trofimov, from desecration. The French, mocking, put his half-naked corpse on the parapet of the trench and guarded him day and night. It was not possible to recapture the body of a comrade, but not for Peter Koshka. Having quietly crept up to the dead man, he put the body on his back and, in front of the astonished English, ran back. The enemy opened fire on the impudent sailor, but Koshka safely reached his trenches. Several enemy bullets hit the body he was carrying. For this feat, Rear Admiral Panfilov presented the sailor of the second article to promotion and to the Order of St. George.

Avvakum Nikolaevich Volkov

During the Russo-Japanese War, Avvakum Nikolaevich Volkov became a full Knight of St. George. He received the first George Cross of the 4th degree for bravery at the beginning of the war. Just a few weeks later, when it was necessary to find out the location of the Japanese troops, Volkov, a trumpeter and bugler, volunteered to go on reconnaissance. Dressed in Chinese clothes, the young soldier reconnoitered the location of two large enemy detachments. But soon I came across a Japanese patrol of 20 dragoons led by an officer. The Japanese guessed who this unusual young Chinese was. Drawing a revolver from his bosom, the scout killed three dragoons with point-blank shots. And while the rest were trying to take him alive, Volkov jumped on the horse of one of the dead. A long chase, attempts to bypass and shooting did not bring success. Volkov broke away from his pursuers and safely returned to his regiment. For this feat, Avvakum Volkov was awarded the St. George Cross of the 3rd degree.

In one of the battles, the wounded Avvakum is taken prisoner by the Japanese. After a short trial, he was sentenced to death. However, the soldier managed to escape that night.

After ten days of exhausting wanderings in the remote taiga, Volkov returned to the regiment, and received the St. George Cross of the 2nd degree. But the war continued. And before the battle near Mukden, Volkov again volunteered for reconnaissance. This time, an experienced scout, having completed the task, removed the guard from the enemy powder magazine and blew it up. For a new feat, he received the St. George Cross of the 1st degree and became a full Knight of St. George.

Kozma Kryuchkov

During the First World War, the name of Kozma Kryuchkov was known throughout Russia. The brave Don Cossack flaunted on posters and leaflets, cigarette packs and postcards. Kryuchkov was the first to be awarded the St. George Cross, having received a 4th degree cross for the destruction of eleven Germans in battle. The regiment in which Kozma Kryuchkov served was stationed in Poland, in the town of Kalwaria. Having received an order from the authorities, Kryuchkov and three of his comrades went on guard patrol, and suddenly ran into a 27-man German uhlans. Despite the inequality of forces, the Don people did not even think of giving up. Kozma Kryuchkov tore the rifle off his shoulder, but in his haste he jerked the bolt too sharply, and the cartridge jammed. At the same moment, a German who approached him cut the Cossack's fingers with a saber, and the rifle flew to the ground.

The Cossack drew his saber and entered into battle with 11 enemies surrounding him. After a minute of battle, Kozma was already covered in blood, while his own blows for the most part turned out to be fatal to enemies.

When the Cossack's hand was "tired of chopping," Kryuchkov grabbed the pike of one of the lancers and pierced the last of the attackers one by one with German steel. By that time, his comrades had dealt with the rest of the Germans. 22 corpses lay on the ground, two more Germans were wounded and taken prisoner, and three fled. 16 wounds were later counted on the body of Kozma Kryuchkov.

Yakov Pavlov

Hero of the Battle of Stalingrad. On the evening of September 27, 1942, Yakov Pavlov received a combat mission from the company commander, Lieutenant Naumov, to reconnoiter the situation in a 4-story building in the city center, which had an important tactical position. This house went down in the history of the Battle of Stalingrad as "Pavlov's House".

With three fighters, he managed to drive the Germans out of the building and completely capture it.

Soon the group received reinforcements, ammunition and a telephone line. The Nazis continuously attacked the building, tried to smash it with artillery and air bombs. Skillfully maneuvering the forces of a small "garrison", Pavlov avoided heavy losses and defended the house for 58 days and nights, not allowing the enemy to break through to the Volga.

The highest degree of distinction in the USSR was the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. It was awarded to citizens who accomplished a feat during military operations or distinguished themselves by other outstanding services to the Motherland. As an exception, it could be assigned in peacetime.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 16, 1934. Later, on August 1, 1939, as an additional insignia, for the Heroes of the USSR, it was approved in the form of a five-pointed star fixed on a rectangular block, which was issued to the awarded along with the diploma of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces. At the same time, it was established that those who have performed a repeated feat worthy of the title of Hero are awarded the second Order of Lenin and the second Gold Star medal. When the award was repeated in the homeland of the hero, his bronze bust was installed. The number of awards with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was not limited.

The list of the first Heroes of the Soviet Union was opened on April 20, 1934 by polar explorers: A. Lyapidevsky, S. Levanevsky, N. Kamanin, V. Molokov, M. Vodopyanov, M. Slepnev and I. Doronin. Participants in the rescue of passengers in distress on the legendary Chelyuskin steamer.

The eighth in the list was M. Gromov (September 28, 1934). The crew of the aircraft headed by him set a world record for the flight distance along a closed curve at a distance of more than 12 thousand kilometers. The following pilots became Heroes of the USSR: crew commander Valery Chkalov, who together with G. Baidukov, A. Belyakov, made a long non-stop flight on the route Moscow - the Far East.

It was for military exploits that for the first time 17 commanders of the Red Army (Decree of December 31, 1936) who participated in the Spanish Civil War became Heroes of the Soviet Union. Six of them were tankers, the rest were pilots. Three of them were awarded the title posthumously. Two of those awarded were foreigners: Bulgarian V. Goranov and Italian P. Gibelli. In total, during the battles in Spain (1936-39), the highest distinction was awarded 60 times.

In August 1938, this list was supplemented by 26 more people who showed courage and heroism in the defeat of the Japanese invaders in the area of ​​Lake Khasan. Approximately a year later, the first presentation of the Gold Star medal took place, which was received by 70 fighters for their exploits during the fighting in the area of ​​the river. Khalkhin-Gol (1939). Some of them at the same time became twice Heroes of the Soviet Union.

After the start of the Soviet-Finnish conflict (1939-40), the list of Heroes of the Soviet Union increased by another 412 people. Thus, before the start of the Great Patriotic War, 626 citizens received the Hero, among whom were 3 women (M. Raskova, P. Osipenko and V. Grizodubova).

More than 90 percent of the total number of Heroes of the Soviet Union appeared in the country during the Great Patriotic War. This high title was awarded to 11,657 people, 3,051 of them posthumously. This list includes 107 fighters who became twice heroes (7 were awarded posthumously), and 90 women were also included in the total number of awardees (49 posthumously).

The attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR caused an unprecedented rise in patriotism. The Great War brought a lot of grief, but it also opened up the heights of courage and firmness of character, it would seem, of ordinary ordinary people.

So, who would have expected heroism from the elderly Pskov peasant Matvey Kuzmin. In the very first days of the war, he came to the military registration and enlistment office, but they dismissed him there - he was too old: "go, grandfather, to your grandchildren, we'll figure it out without you." Meanwhile, the front moved inexorably to the east. The Germans entered the village of Kurakino, where Kuzmin lived. In February 1942, an elderly peasant was unexpectedly summoned to the commandant's office - the battalion commander of the 1st mountain rifle division found out that Kuzmin was an excellent tracker who knew the area perfectly and ordered him to assist the Nazis - to lead a German detachment to the rear of the forward battalion of the Soviet 3rd shock army . “If you do everything right, I’ll pay well, and if not, blame yourself ...”. “Yes, of course, of course, don’t worry, your honor,” Kuzmin pretended to whine. But an hour later, the cunning peasant sent his grandson with a note to ours: “The Germans ordered a detachment to be brought to your rear, in the morning I will lure them to a fork near the village of Malkino, meet me.” That same evening, the fascist detachment set off with its guide. Kuzmin led the Nazis in circles and deliberately exhausted the invaders: he forced them to climb steep hillsides and wade through thick bushes. “What can you do, your honor, well, there is no other way here…”. At dawn, tired and frozen Nazis were at the fork in Malkino. "All right, guys, come." "How did you come!?" “Well, let’s rest here, and then we’ll see…”. The Germans looked around - they walked all night, but moved away from Kurakino only a couple of kilometers and now stood on the road in an open field, and twenty meters in front of them was a forest, where, now they understood it for sure, there was a Soviet ambush. “Oh, you…” - the German officer pulled out a pistol and discharged the entire clip into the old man. But at the same second, a rifle salvo burst out of the forest, then another, Soviet machine guns chirped, a mortar hooted. The Nazis rushed about, shouted, fired randomly in all directions, but not one of them left alive. The hero died and took 250 Nazi invaders with him. Matvey Kuzmin became the oldest Hero of the Soviet Union, he was 83 years old.

And the youngest cavalier of the highest Soviet rank, Valya Kotik, joined the partisan detachment at the age of 11. At first he was a liaison for an underground organization, then he took part in military operations. With his courage, fearlessness and firmness of character, Valya amazed his worldly older comrades. In October 1943, the young hero saved his detachment, noticing the approaching punishers in time, he raised the alarm and was the first to enter the battle, killing several Nazis, including a German officer. On February 16, 1944, Valya was mortally wounded in battle. The young hero was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. He was 14 years old.

The whole nation, young and old, rose up to fight the fascist infection. Soldiers, sailors, officers, even children and the elderly selflessly fought against the Nazi invaders. Therefore, it is not surprising that the vast majority of awards with the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union fall on the years of the war.

In the post-war period, the title of GSS was awarded quite rarely. But even before 1990, awards for feats during the Great Patriotic War, which were not made at one time for various reasons, continued, scout Richard Sorge, F.A. Poletaev, the legendary submariner A.I. Marinesko and many others.

For military courage and dedication, the title of the GSS was awarded to combatants who performed international duty in North Korea, Hungary, Egypt - 15 awards, in Afghanistan 85 internationalist soldiers received the highest distinction, 28 of them - posthumously.

A special group, rewarding test pilots of military equipment, polar explorers, participants in the exploration of the depths of the oceans - a total of 250 people. Since 1961, the title of GSS has been awarded to cosmonauts, for 30 years it has been awarded to 84 people who have made a space flight. Six people were awarded for the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

It should also be noted that in the post-war years, a vicious tradition of conferring high military distinctions for "office" achievements dedicated to anniversary birthdays appeared. This is how the repeatedly marked heroes like Brezhnev and Budyonny appeared. The Golden Stars were also awarded as friendly political gestures, due to this, the list of Heroes of the USSR was replenished by the heads of the allied states Fidel Castro, Egyptian President Nasser and some others.

Completed the list of Heroes of the Soviet Union on December 24, 1991, captain of the 3rd rank, underwater specialist L. Solodkov, who participated in a diving experiment on long-term work at a depth of 500 meters under water.

In total, during the existence of the USSR, 12 thousand 776 people received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Of these, 154 people were awarded it twice, 3 people three times. and four times - 2 people. Military pilots S. Gritsevich and G. Kravchenko became the first twice Heroes. Thrice Heroes: Air Marshals A. Pokryshkin and I. Kozhedub, as well as Marshal of the USSR S. Budyonny. There are only two Heroes on the list four times - these are Marshals of the USSR G. Zhukov and L. Brezhnev.

In history, there are cases of deprivation of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - a total of 72, plus 13 canceled Decrees on conferring this title, as unfounded.

The true abilities, capabilities and character of a person often manifest themselves in emergency situations, at a difficult time for the country, society, and people. It's in moments like these that heroes are born. This is what happens everywhere. The heroes of Russia and their exploits have entered the history of the Fatherland forever, people remember them for many years, and tell future generations. Every hero is worthy of respect and reverence. Feats are not performed in the name of glory and honor. At the time of their accomplishment, people do not think about their own benefit, on the contrary, they show courage for the sake of other people or in the name of the Motherland.

Be that as it may, even in the last century our country was called the USSR, and people born in this state do not forget and honor their heroes who had the title of Hero of the USSR. This highest award was established in the Soviet Union in 1934. They gave it for special services to the Fatherland. It was made of gold, had the shape of a five-pointed star with the inscription "Hero of the USSR", complemented by a red ribbon 20 mm wide. A star appeared in October 1939, by which time several hundred people had already been awarded this distinction. Together with the star, the Order of Lenin was also awarded.

Who was awarded the star? A person had to accomplish a significant feat for the state. Description of the exploits of the heroes of Russia and the Soviet Union can now be found not only in textbooks and books: the Internet allows you to find out interesting information about each hero of both the last century and the present. Hero of the USSR - an honorary title and an award badge of the same name, which some individuals have been awarded several times. But, of course, there are few of them. Since 1973, with the second award, along with the star, the second Order of Lenin was also awarded. A bust was erected in the homeland of the hero. Back in 1934, pilots (there were seven of them) received the first stars, who played a major role in rescuing the Chelyuskin icebreaker trapped in the ice.

The appearance of the award "Hero of Russia"

The Soviet Union collapsed, and in the 1990s we "transferred" to live in a new state. Despite all the political troubles, heroes have always been and are among us. So, in 1992, the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation enacted the Law "On the Establishment of the Title of Hero of Russia." The award was still the same Golden Star, only now with the inscription "Hero of Russia" and with a ribbon in the form of the Russian tricolor. The assignment of the title of Hero of the Russian Federation by the President of Russia is carried out only once. A bronze bust is erected in the homeland of the hero.

The modern heroes of Russia and their exploits are known throughout the country. The first to be awarded this title was S. S. Oskanov, Major General of Aviation. Unfortunately, the title was awarded to him posthumously. On February 7, 1992, during a flight mission, an unforeseen situation occurred - equipment failure, and the MIG-29 was rapidly falling on a settlement in the Lipetsk region. To avoid the tragedy, to save human lives, Oskanov took the plane aside, but the pilot himself could not be saved. The pilot's widow received Gold Star No. 2. The country's leadership decided that Hero No. 1 should be alive. So, medal No. 1 was awarded to pilot-cosmonaut S. K. Krikalev. On the orbital station "Mir" he performed the longest space flight. The list of those awarded the title of Hero is long - these are military personnel, and cosmonauts, and participants in the Second World War and hot spots, and intelligence officers, and scientists, and athletes.

Heroes of Russia: list and photos, their exploits

It is impossible to list all the heroes of Russia: at the beginning of 2017 there were 1042 of them (474 ​​people received the title posthumously). Russians remember each of them, honor their exploits, set an example for the younger generation. Bronze busts are installed in the homeland of heroes. Below we list only some of the feats of the Heroes of Russia.

Sergey Solnechnikov. Everyone has heard and remembers the feat of the major, who saved the lives of young, inexperienced soldiers. It happened in the Amur region. An ordinary soldier, out of inexperience, unsuccessfully threw a grenade, the ammunition ended up on the edge of the parapet, which protected the firing position. The soldiers were in real danger. Major Solnechnikov made an instant decision, he pushed the young guy away and covered the grenade with his body. An hour and a half later, he died on the operating table. On April 3, 2012 Major Solnechnikov was posthumously awarded the title Hero of Russia.

North Caucasus

The heroes of Russia showed themselves in the battles in the Caucasus, and their exploits should not be forgotten.

Sergei Yashkin - commander of the Perm special forces detachment. In the summer of 2012, special forces deployed in Dagestan in a gorge near the village of Kidero. The task is not to let a gang of militants through the border. This gang could not be eliminated for several years. The militants were found, a fight ensued. Yashkin was shell-shocked during the battle, burned, wounded, but did not leave his post until the end of the operation. He himself personally destroyed three of the five militants. For courage and heroism, on June 14, 2013 he was awarded the title Hero of Russia. Currently lives in Perm.

Mikhail Minenkov. Served in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation since 1994. In 1999, he fought in Dagestan against the gangs of Khattab and Basaev. He commanded a reconnaissance group, while performing important tasks, caused significant damage to the militants. Already in Chechnya in the same 1999, returning from a reconnaissance mission from the village of Shcheglovskaya, he received an order to rescue a group of special forces surrounded by militants. The battle was hard, many guys were injured. The commander himself was seriously wounded in the leg, but continued to command the detachment, to withdraw the wounded soldiers. The Airborne Forces groups successfully got out of the encirclement. Comrades carried Minenkov from the battlefield. The leg was amputated at the hospital. But Mikhail survived and even returned to his regiment, where he continued his service. For heroism on January 17, 2000 he was awarded the title Hero of Russia.

Heroes of Russia 2016

• Oleg Artemiev - test cosmonaut.
• Elena Serova is a female cosmonaut.
• Vadim Baikulov is a serviceman.
• Alexander Dvornikov - commander of the grouping of the Armed Forces in Syria until July 2016, now - Russian military leader, commander of the troops of the Southern Military District.
• Andrey Dyachenko - pilot, participant in the operation in Syria.
• Viktor Romanov - military navigator, participant in the operation in Syria.
• Alexander Prokhorenko. All the heroes of Russia, who received the title posthumously, are on a special note. In a peaceful life, they left their parents, families and gave their lives for the ideas of the Motherland. Alexander died during the fighting in Syria for Palmyra. Surrounded by militants, the soldier, not wanting to surrender, took fire upon himself, died heroically, and the militants were also destroyed.
• Dmitry Bulgakov - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.
• Valery Gerasimov - Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces.
• Igor Sergun is a military intelligence officer. The title was awarded posthumously.
• Marat Akhmetshin is a participant in the hostilities in Syria. Killed in the battle for Palmyra.
• Ryafagat Khabibullin - military pilot. He died in Syria, the plane was shot down on the territory of militants.
• Alexander Misurkin - test cosmonaut.
• Anatoly Gorshkov - major general, participant in the Second World War.
• Alexander Zhuravlev is the head of the military operation in Syria.
• Magomed Nurbagandov is an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He received the title of Hero posthumously. Killed by militants.
• Andrey Karlov - Ambassador to Turkey. Killed by a terrorist.

Women Heroes of Russia

Below are the female Heroes of Russia. The list and their exploits only briefly introduce the heroic representatives of the weaker sex. Since 1992, 17 women have received the honorary title.

• Marina Plotnikova is a young girl who saved three drowning children at the cost of her own life.
• Ekaterina Budanova - pilot, participant in the Second World War.
• Lidia Shulaykina is a pilot in naval aviation. WWII participant.
• Alexandra Akimova - pilot. WWII participant.
• Vera Voloshina is a Soviet partisan. WWII participant.
• Lyubov Yegorova is a 6-time Olympic champion. Skier.
• Elena Kondakova - pilot-cosmonaut.
• Valentina Savitskaya - pilot. WWII participant.
• Tatyana Sumarokova - pilot. WWII participant.
• Leontina Cohen - Soviet spy. WWII participant.
• Natalya Kochuevskaya - medical instructor. WWII participant.
• Larisa Lazutina - skier, 5-time Olympic champion.
• Irina Yanina is a nurse. She died during the Second Chechen War. She saved the soldiers at the cost of her life.
• Marem Arapkhanova - died at the hands of militants, protecting her family and her village.
• Nina Brusnikova is a milkmaid at the Avrora collective farm. Saved the livestock complex from a fire.
• Alime Abdenanova - Soviet intelligence officer. WWII participant.
• Elena Serova - cosmonaut.

Children-heroes of Russia and their exploits

Russia is a great power, rich in heroes not only among adults. Children in emergency situations, without hesitation, show heroism. Of course, not everyone has the title of Hero of Russia. In addition to this sign, the country awards heroes with the Order of Courage, as well as medals "For the salvation of the dead." Among us there are such heroes of Russia of our time, and their exploits are known and honored in the country. Someone deserved the award posthumously.

• Zhenya Tabakov is a hero of Russia. Died at the age of 7 years. Saved his sister Yana when a robber broke into the house. Yana managed to escape, and Zhenya received eight stab wounds, from which he died.
• Danil Sadykov. A 12-year-old boy rescued a boy who fell into a fountain and was electrocuted. Danil was not afraid, rushed after him, managed to pull him out, but he himself received the strongest discharge, which is why he died.
• Vasily Zhirkov and Alexander Maltsev. Teenagers who received awards for rescuing the dying - a drowning grandmother and her eight-year-old grandson.
• Sergey Krivov - boy 11 years old. Saved a drowning friend from the waters of the icy Cupid.
• Alexander Petchenko. The boy did not leave his mother during the accident, he pulled her out of the burning car.
• Artem Artyukhin. Risking his life, he led a 12-year-old girl from the eighth floor during a fire.

What categories of citizens were awarded the award

The title of Hero of Russia was awarded to:

• combatants in the North Caucasus;
• participants in the Second World War;
• test pilots;
• persons distinguished in the fight against terrorism;
• astronauts;
• military sailors, submariners;
• participants in the events of 1993 in Moscow;
• people who saved the lives of others;
• combatants in Ossetia;
• combatants in Tajikistan;
• senior officials of ministries and departments;
• designers of the Armed Forces;
• scouts;
• participants in the war in Afghanistan;
• sportsmen, travelers;
• liquidators of the Chernobyl accident;
• members of Arctic expeditions;
• participants of the operation in Abkhazia4
• civil aviation pilots;
• ambassadors;
• combatants in Syria.

Ranks of heroes at the time of the award

Not only the military, but also ordinary citizens fill up the list of "Heroes of Russia". Photos, their exploits are published and described in books, magazines, there are many presentations on this topic on the Internet. The title of Hero was indicated at the time the President signed the Decree on the award; for civilians, a civil title is indicated. Who was awarded the title of hero, in what categories? There are many of them: privates, sailors, corporals, sergeants, junior sergeants, senior sergeants, warrant officers, foremen, warrant officers, lieutenants, junior and senior lieutenants, lieutenant colonels, colonels, captains, major generals, lieutenant generals, rear admirals, vice- admirals, army generals, and civilians. The only marshal in Russia - Igor Sergeev - also has the star of the Hero of Russia.

People are heroes of two countries

There are individuals in our country who have been awarded two titles - both Heroes of the USSR and Heroes of Russia. The list and photos, their exploits can not fit in one article. We list only the most famous:

• Mikhail Kalashnikov - gunsmith-designer. He also has the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
• Pilot-cosmonauts V. V. Polyakov and S. K. Krikalev, helicopter pilot Maidanov - Heroes of the Russian Federation and Heroes of the USSR.
• A. N. Chilingarov - polar explorer, Hero of the Russian Federation and Hero of the USSR.
• T. A. Musabaev, Yu. I. Malenchenko - cosmonauts. Folk Heroes of Kazakhstan and Heroes of Russia.
• S. Sh. Sharpov - cosmonaut. Hero of Kyrgyzstan and Hero of Russia.
• V. A. Volf - Sergeant of the Airborne Forces. Hero of Russia and Hero of Abkhazia.

As of January 2017, 1,042 people have been awarded the Hero of Russia star. 474 of this list received the award posthumously. Usually the lists of Heroes and most Decrees are not officially published. Information about the heroes can be scattered and contradict each other, but we all remember their exploits and collect information piece by piece.

Privileges

The heroes of Russia and their exploits are in the special account of the state. Those who have this honorary title have a number of benefits that they have the right to use unlimitedly:

• monthly pension.
• Free medical care.
• Exemption from state duties and taxes.
• 50% discount on tickets for any type of transport (once a year) in both directions.
• 30% discount on utilities.
• Free travel in public transport.
• Free education for children.
• Once a year a ticket to the sanatorium.
• Free home renovation.
• Free home phone.
• Service out of turn in medical organizations.
• Improvement of living conditions
• Free funeral with honors.

Russia celebrates many holidays that are memorable to our spirit and heart. Among them there are those that operate exclusively in Russia, and nowhere else. One of these holidays is the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland. A truly unique and important day in history.

Holiday of Heroes of the Fatherland

Brave people who accomplished feats are in every state. Russia in this case is no exception to the rule.

In 2007, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution "On the celebration of the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland." The date was set for December 9th. The initiative to create a separate day to honor their heroes in Russia belongs to

In the same 2007, the initiative of the State Duma was supported by the Federation Council of the Russian Federation.

Later, Russian President Vladimir Putin officially approved the celebration of the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland.

history of the holiday

However, the roots of the event do not go back to 2007, but much further. In 2007, the holiday of the Heroes of the Fatherland was only restored.

On December 9, 1769, Empress Catherine II approved a new state award. She became the Victorious. This order was awarded only to people who showed exceptional courage and valor on the battle fronts.

At one time he had 4 degrees of distinction. The very first of them was the highest. first degree in the Russian Empire was considered the highest award for an ordinary military man who went through all the horrors of the war.

It was a silver badge. It was focused exclusively on the lower ranks of the Russian army. Among ordinary and small military commanders, it was considered an honor to receive such an award from the hands of the Empress.

December 9, 1917 in Russia began to celebrate the feast of the Knights of St. George. However, after this celebration was removed altogether. The thing is that the Bolsheviks denied everything that was connected with the Russian Empire. The holiday of the Heroes of the Fatherland has been cancelled.

The holiday is back

It was originally known in Byzantium and in Russia. He was the patron of princes and his subjects in military campaigns. He was depicted on icons, and believers gave him his due.

However, for some period of history, he was completely forgotten. It was the time from 1917 to 2000. Heroes of the Fatherland of Russia celebrate their day again.

In 2000, the order was returned by the Russian government, and in 2007 the Heroes of the Fatherland Day received the status of an official holiday again.

The purpose of the celebration and its meaning

We have already said that this holiday was returned by the State Duma and the President of Russia in 2007.

The authors of this bill set themselves the goal of creating ideals in Russian society that the country would be proud of and worth emulating. Politicians wanted the youth to be more patriotic towards their heroes and to know them by sight.

However, not everyone in Russia reacted well to the idea of ​​celebrating such a day. But we can say with confidence that this holiday is of great importance for the history of the country. This date unites and brings together the heroes of military exploits and ordinary soldiers of the Russian army, who have achieved great success in the field of a difficult war.

On their examples, official power and propaganda are going to educate the younger generations. On this day, attention is focused on the fact that Russia is a state that has very often faced military confrontations throughout its history. Mention is made of the long-standing military exploits of soldiers who showed their valor and real courage.

Heroes of the Fatherland - our countrymen. However, not every Russian can be honored to receive this prestigious award today. The most frequent "winners" of this holiday are senior and junior officers. They are the heroes of the Fatherland, the list of which is increasing every year. However, many of them are well known, and young people know them. Here are just some of the names of the heroes of the Russian Federation:

• Zharov Alexey Viktorovich (second
• Em Yuri Pavlovich (second Chechen war).
• Yashkin Sergey Leonidovich (Colonel and Commander of the Special Forces Detachment).

historical moment

It should be noted that this award has an interesting history. In 1991, in August, there was a putsch. At that moment, they wanted to restore the order in order to reward the heroes of the White House. However, this idea was not destined to come true. After the collapse in 1992, the independent republics created their own administrative apparatuses, which were occupied with the internal affairs of the country. At that moment, the procedure for restoring the state award of St. George the Victorious was launched.

However, it did not happen right away. The procedure was long. Only in 2000, at the level of the State Duma and the President of Russia, December 9 received the status of an official holiday.

Participation and congratulations

Heroes of the Fatherland Day is a holiday celebrated throughout Russia. It involves people of different ages, generations and views. We can safely say that this holiday unites people around one goal - to remember their real heroes.

Young people are most actively involved in the celebration. Patriotic education in Russia is at a high level.

By December 9, various competitions are held throughout the country. In particular, competitions of military song and drawings. Heroes of the Fatherland always react enthusiastically and joyfully to children's drawings. It is always a pleasure to receive a gift from the smallest patriots, it is more expensive than any awards.

The winners of military song contests, which are held until December 9, then sing at concerts for the military, who distinguished themselves as a result of hostilities.

Holiday traditions

The holiday of the Heroes of the Fatherland is widely celebrated throughout Russia. On this day you can see many concerts and competitions. Winners always receive awards from the hands of government officials.

The opening of various monuments to the victims of the war is often timed to coincide with this day, rallies and meetings of patriots are held. Schools hold a kind of "lessons of courage", which are designed not only to awaken patriotic feelings in young people, but also to prepare them morally for their civic duty to the state.

Various sports competitions are held on this day. Boys and girls show their best side in their military training.

On this day, thematic exhibitions are held in museums and lectures are given at universities, which are dedicated to the heroes of the Fatherland and the hostilities in which they took part.

Traditionally, the top officials of the President's Office and the State Duma lay flowers at the main monuments of the country. Glory memorials and Eternal Lights are visited in various parts of Russia, round-table meetings are held for veterans, where they can drink front-line 100 grams and talk about the hostilities that they had to endure in their time.

A holiday - is it necessary?

Often, residents of Russia have a question about whether we need this holiday when there is an official May 9th.

However, the holiday of the Heroes of the Fatherland, which is celebrated on December 9, is celebrated only in Russia. We can safely say that the day of the Heroes of the Fatherland is our national heritage. Heroes of the Fatherland - our countrymen.

It does not harm May 9, but only complements it. The holidays of May 9 and December 9 are similar, but have their differences.

It is important that the first and second are aimed at arousing patriotic feelings among young people. More importantly, the Russian government decided to do this not once a year, but twice. This contributes not only to patriotism. On this day, educational evenings and lectures are held that help young people learn and understand their history much better. This is now more important than ever in order to prevent wars and disrespect for our historical past.

They say that there were too many tragic events in the outgoing year, and there is almost nothing good to remember on the eve of the New Year. Tsargrad decided to argue with this statement and collected a selection of our most prominent compatriots (and not only) and their heroic deeds. Unfortunately, many of them accomplished a feat at the cost of their own lives, but the memory of them and their deeds will support us for a long time and serve as an example to follow. Ten names that thundered in 2016 and should not be forgotten.

Alexander Prokhorenko

A special forces officer, 25-year-old Lieutenant Prokhorenko, died in March near Palmyra while conducting Russian air strikes against ISIS militants. He was discovered by terrorists and, being surrounded, did not want to give up and caused fire on himself. He was awarded the title of Hero of Russia posthumously, and a street in Orenburg was named after him. The feat of Prokhorenko caused admiration not only in Russia. Two French families donated awards, including the Legion of Honor.

Farewell ceremony for the hero of Russia, senior lieutenant Alexander Prokhorenko, who died in Syria, in the village of Gorodki, Tulgansky district. Sergei Medvedev/TASS

In Orenburg, where the officer comes from, he left a young wife, who, after the death of Alexander, had to be hospitalized in order to save the life of their child. In August, her daughter Violetta was born.

Magomed Nurbagandov

A policeman from Dagestan, Magomet Nurbagandov, and his brother Abdurashid were killed in July, but the details became known only in September, when a video of the execution of policemen was found on the phone of one of the liquidated militants of the Izberbash criminal group. On that ill-fated day, the brothers and their schoolchildren rested in nature in tents, no one expected the attacks of bandits. Abdurashid was killed immediately because he stood up for one of the boys, whom the bandits began to insult. Mohammed was tortured before his death, because his documents of a law enforcement officer were found. The purpose of the bullying was to force Nurbagandov to renounce his colleagues on record, recognize the strength of the militants and call on the Dagestanis to leave the police. In response to this, Nurbagandov addressed his colleagues with the words "Work, brothers!" The enraged militants could only kill him. President Vladimir Putin met with the brothers' parents, thanked them for their son's courage and awarded him the title of Hero of Russia posthumously. The last phrase of Mahomet became the main slogan of the outgoing year and, one might assume, for years to come. Two small children were left without a father. Nurbagandov's son now says that he will only become a policeman.

Elizabeth Glinka

Photo: Mikhail Metzel/TASS

The resuscitator and philanthropist, popularly known as Doctor Lisa, has done a lot this year. In May, she took the children out of the Donbass. 22 sick children were rescued, the youngest of whom was only 5 days old. These were children with heart disease, oncology, and congenital diseases. For children from Donbass and Syria, special treatment and support programs have been created. In Syria, Elizaveta Glinka also helped sick children and organized the delivery of medicines and humanitarian aid to hospitals. During the delivery of another humanitarian cargo, Dr. Liza died in a Tu-154 plane crash over the Black Sea. Despite the tragedy, all programs will continue. Today for the guys from Lugansk and Donetsk there will be a New Year's tree...

Oleg Fedyura

Head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Primorsky Territory, Colonel of the Internal Service Oleg Fedyura. Press service of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in Primorsky Krai / TASS

Head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Primorsky Territory, who proved himself during natural disasters in the region. The rescuer personally visited all the flooded cities and villages, led search and rescue operations, helped evacuate people, and he himself did not sit idly by - he has hundreds of such events on his account. On September 2, together with his brigade, he was heading to another village, in which 400 houses were flooded and more than 1,000 people were waiting for help. Crossing the river, KAMAZ, in which Fedyura and 8 other people were, collapsed into the water. Oleg Fedyura saved all the personnel, but then he could not get out of the flooded car and died.

Love Pechko

The entire Russian world learned the name of the 91-year-old female veteran from the news on May 9th. During the festive procession in honor of Victory Day in Slavyansk, occupied by Ukrainians, the Ukrainian Nazis threw eggs at a column of veterans, doused them with green paint and sprinkled with flour, but the spirit of the old warriors could not be broken, no one was out of order. The Nazis shouted insults, in the occupied Slavyansk, where any Russian and Soviet symbols are prohibited, the situation was extremely explosive and could turn into a massacre at any moment. However, the veterans, despite the threat to their lives, were not afraid to openly put on medals and St. George ribbons, after all, they did not go through the war with the Nazis in order to be afraid of their ideological followers. Lyubov Pechko, who took part in the liberation of Belarus during the Great Patriotic War, was splashed with brilliant green in the face. The pictures, in which traces of brilliant green are wiped from the face of Lyubov Pechko, circled social networks and the media. From the resulting shock, the sister of an elderly woman, who saw the abuse of veterans on TV, died and had a heart attack.

Danil Maksudov

In January of this year, during a strong snow storm, a dangerous traffic jam formed on the Orenburg-Orsk highway, in which hundreds of people were blocked. Ordinary employees of various services showed heroism, leading people out of ice captivity, sometimes endangering their own lives. Russia remembered the name of police officer Danil Maksudov, who was hospitalized with severe frostbite after giving his jacket, hat and gloves to those who needed it most. After that, Danil helped to get people out of the traffic jam for several more hours in a blizzard. Then Maksudov himself ended up in the emergency traumatology department with frostbite on his hands, it was about the amputation of his fingers. However, in the end, the policeman went on the mend.

Konstantin Parikozha

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Orenburg Airlines Boeing 777-200 crew commander Konstantin Parikozha, who was awarded the Order of Courage, during the state awards ceremony in the Kremlin. Mikhail Metzel/TASS

A native of Tomsk, the 38-year-old pilot managed to land a liner with a burning engine, in which there were 350 passengers, including many families with children and 20 crew members. The plane was flying from the Dominican Republic, at an altitude of 6 thousand meters there was a bang and the cabin was shrouded in smoke, panic began. During landing, the landing gear caught fire. However, thanks to the skill of the pilot, the Boeing 777 was successfully landed and none of the passengers were injured. Parikozha received the Order of Courage from the hands of the President.

Andrey Logvinov

The 44-year-old crew commander of the Il-18, which crashed in Yakutia, managed to land the plane without wings. They tried to land the plane to the last and in the end they managed to avoid casualties, although both wings of the plane broke off on impact with the ground and the fuselage collapsed. The pilots themselves received multiple fractures, but despite this, according to the rescuers, they refused help and asked to be the last to be evacuated to the hospital. "He managed the impossible," they said about the skill of Andrei Logvinov.

Georgy Gladysh

On a February morning, the rector of an Orthodox church in Krivoy Rog, Priest George, as usual, was riding his bicycle home from the service. Suddenly, he heard cries for help from a nearby body of water. It turned out that the fisherman fell through the ice. Batiushka ran to the water, threw off his clothes and, signing himself with the sign of the cross, rushed to help. The noise attracted the attention of local residents, who called an ambulance and helped pull the already unconscious retired fisherman out of the water. The priest himself refused honors: " I didn't save. It was God who decided for me. If I had been driving a car instead of a bicycle, I simply would not have heard the cries for help. If I started to think whether to help me a person or not, I would not have time. If the people on the shore had not thrown a rope at us, we would have drowned together. And so everything happened by itself". After the feat, he went on to perform church services.

Julia Kolosova

Russia. Moscow. December 2, 2016. Russian Presidential Commissioner for Children's Rights Anna Kuznetsova (left) and Yulia Kolosova, winner in the "Children Heroes" nomination, at the awards ceremony of the VIII All-Russian festival on the subject of security and salvation of people "Constellation of Courage". Mikhail Pochuev/TASS

Valdai schoolgirl, despite the fact that she herself is only 12 years old, she was not afraid to enter a burning private house, hearing the screams of children. Julia took two boys out of the house, and already on the street they told her that one more of their little brothers was left inside. The girl returned to the house and carried a 7-year-old baby in her arms, who was crying and was afraid to go down the stairs shrouded in smoke. In the end, none of the children were hurt. " It seems to me that in my place, any teenager would do this, but not every adult, because adults are much more indifferent than children", - the girl believes. Caring residents of Staraya Russa collected money and gave the girl a computer and a souvenir - a mug with her photograph. The schoolgirl herself admits that she did not help for the sake of gifts and praise, but she, of course, was pleased, because she is from a poor family - Yulia's mother is a seller, and her father works at a factory.