Ossetian Digorians. Ossetians - Muslims or Christians? Religious worldview of Ossetians

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Digorians make up the bulk of the population of Digoria - the western part of North Ossetia (Digorsky and Irafsky districts of the republic) and Ossetians living in Kabardino-Balkaria (village Ozrek, Urukh, St. Urukh, etc.). At the beginning of the 19th century, a number of Digor families from the foothill villages of Ket and Didinata moved to the territory of the modern Mozdok region. Here, on the right bank of the Terek, two large settlements of Digorians arose - Chernoyarsk (Dzæræshte, 1805) and Novo-Ossetian (Musgæu, 1809)

Unlike the rest of Ossetia, which joined the Russian Empire in 1774, Digoria became part of the Russian Empire in 1781.

In the first half of the 19th century, the Digorians professed both Islam and Christianity. The Russian government, seeking to separate Christians and Muslims, resettled the Digorians on the plain, having founded in 1852 Free Christian and Free Mohammedan villages. The Mozdok Digorians from the villages of Chernoyarskaya and Novo-Ossetinskaya are also Christians. A considerable number of Muslim Digorians in the second half of the 19th century moved to Turkey, where they settled compactly near the city of Kars (the villages of Sarykamysh and Hamamli)

Now most of the Digorians of the Irafsky region and those living in Kabardino-Balkaria profess Islam, in the Digorsky region mostly Christians live. The influence of Ossetian traditional beliefs is significant both among nominal Muslims and nominal Christians.

Writing in the Digor dialect existed (in parallel with writing in the Iron dialect) from the very appearance of Ossetian writing on a Russian graphic basis, that is, from the middle of the 19th century. However, gradually the proportion of writing in Iron, which was the basis of the Ossetian literary language, increased, which at times led to an almost complete cessation of the printing of Digor texts.

From the time of the establishment of Soviet power until 1937, Digor was considered a separate language, textbooks and other publications were published. However, in 1937 the Digor alphabet was declared "counter-revolutionary", and the Digor language was again recognized as a dialect of the Ossetian language, and the advanced Digor intelligentsia was subjected to repression.

In the first half of the 19th century, the majority of Digorians professed Islam. The Russian government, seeking to separate Christians and Muslims, resettled the Muslims of the Digorians on the plain, and in 1852 the Volno-Mohammedan was formed. A considerable number of Muslim Digorians in the second half of the 19th century moved to Turkey, where they settled compactly near the city of Kars (the villages of Sarykamysh and Hamamli).

Now most of the Digorians of the Irafsky region and those living in Kabardino-Balkaria profess Islam, in the Digorsky region mainly Christians live. The influence of Ossetian traditional beliefs is significant both among nominal Muslims and nominal Christians.

Digor dialect

The founder of Digor literature is the first Digor poet Blaska Gurzhibekov (1868-1905). In addition to Gurzhibekov, such writers as Digorsky wrote such writers as Georgy Maliev, Sozur Bagraev, Kazbek Kazbekov, Andrey Guluev, Taze Besaev, Yehya Khidirov, Taimuraz Tetsoev, Kazbek Tamaev, Zamadin Tseov and others.

Writing in the Digor dialect existed (in parallel with writing in the Iron variant of the language) from the very appearance of Ossetian writing on a Russian graphic basis, that is, from the middle of the 19th century. However, gradually the proportion of writing in Iron, which was the basis of the Ossetian literary language, increased, which at times led to an almost complete cessation of the printing of Digor texts.

From the time of the establishment of Soviet power until 1937, Digor was considered a separate language, a special alphabet was developed for it, textbooks and other publications were published. However, in 1937 the Digor alphabet was declared "counter-revolutionary", and the Digor language was again recognized as a dialect of the Ossetian language, and the advanced Digor intelligentsia was subjected to repression.

Today, there is a rich literary tradition in the Digor dialect, newspapers (“Digoræ”, “Digori habærttæ”, “Iræf”) and a literary magazine (“Iræf”) are published, a voluminous Digorian-Russian dictionary has been published, as well as an explanatory dictionary of mathematical terms authored by Skodtaev K. B. Collections of Digorian writers are regularly published, various literary competitions and evenings are held. The Digorsky Drama Theatre. Radio and television broadcast news programs in Digor. Some subjects are taught in the Digor dialect in elementary grades in schools with a predominance of the Digor population. It is planned to open in SOGU named after. K. L. Khetagurov Digorsky Department of Philology.

Digor surnames

  • STURDIGOR BRANCH

Budaevs, Gabeevs, Gobeevs, Etdzaevs, Zuraevs, Kadokhovs, Kalabekovs, Keloevs, Kodzasovs, Sabeevs, Sarakaevs, Salagaevs, Hortiyevs, Chikhtisovs

  • TAPANDIGOR BRANCH

Arkaevs, Bazievs, Getsaevs, Dzagurovs, Kambolovs (Nars), Mindzaevs, Muriyevs, Ramonovs, Sabanovs, Temiraevs, Khadaevs, Tsakoevs

  • DONIFAR BRANCH

Aseevs, Bolloevs, Gegkievs (Donifar), Dashievs, Kambolovs (Donifar), Kanukovs, Kozhievs, Tamaevs, Tubeevs

  • WALLAGCOM BRANCH

Abagaevs, Ataevs, Baisongurovs, Balaovs, Gazdarovs, Gegkievs, Gibizovs, Gostiyevs, Dzusovs, Zigoevs, Kibizovs, Kornaevs, Magaevs, Mamukaevs, Okazovs, Sindirovs, Tukkaevs, Tsagolovs

Traditional Digor names

Astana, Avdan, Saukuy, Tsaray, Kermen, Tambi, Fatsbay, Basil, Galau, Digis, Huasdzau, Barag, Uruimag, Afsati, Akhsarbek, Dzala.

Digor estates

BADILYATA (Digor nobility) ADAMIKHATA (free community members - the main population) KUMAYAGTA (bastards, bull-born in a barn) KOSAGTA (serfs, slaves)

Digorsk settlements

  • City of Digora (Dig. Kiristong'u)
  • Plain Digor villages:
  • Ahsarisar
  • Dzagyepparz (Teqatiggu)
  • Kalukh
  • Mostizdah
  • Novoossetian (Musgæu)
  • New Urukh (Sheker)
  • Ozrek
  • Shinjikau
  • Toldzgun
  • Khaznidon
  • Mountain Digor villages: Akhsargin (Ækhsærgin), Akhsau (Ækhsæuæ), Galiat (Gæliatæ), Gular (Gulær), Vakats (Uækhyætsæ), Donifars, Dunta (Duntæ), Dzinaga (Dzinaga), Zadalesk (Zadæleskæ), Kalnakhta (Khalnækhtæ) , Kamat (Kamatæ), Kamunta (K'æmuntæ), Kumbulta (Kumbultæ), Kussu (Kussu), Lezgor (Lezgoræ), Mastinok (Mæstinokæ), Makhchesk (Mæhcheskæ), Moska (Moscow), Nara (Naræ), Nauaggau (Næuæggæu) , Odola, Stur-Digora (Ustur-Digoræ), Faraskat (Færæsk'ættæ), Fasnal (Fæsnæl), Hanaz (Khænæzæ), Khonsar

Notable Digorians

Revolutionaries

  • Avsaragov Mark Gavrilovich
  • Getoev Khadzhiomar Elbizdikoevich
  • Gibizov Debola Dabpoevich
  • Kesaev Nikolai (Kolka) Uruspievich
  • Takoev Simon Alievich
  • Togoev Danil Nikolaevich
  • Tsagolov Georgy Alexandrovich

Military

  • Abaev Akhsarbek Magometovich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Baituganov Mikhail Andreevich - lieutenant general
  • Bilaonov Pavel Semyonovich - Hero of the Soviet Union, lieutenant general
  • Bitsaev, Sergey Vladimirovich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Bicherakhov Georgy Fedorovich (1878-1920), organizer of the speech (1918) of the Cossacks of the Terek against Soviet power
  • Bicherakhov Lazar Fedorovich (1882-1952) major general of the Russian army, lieutenant general of the British army
  • Gatagov Soslanbek Bekirovich - Major General
  • Gatsolaev Victor Aslamurzaevich - lieutenant general
  • Dzusov Murat Danilovich - Major General
  • Edzaev Akhsarbek Alexandrovich - full cavalier of the Order of Glory
  • Kalaev Semyon Dzageevich - full cavalier of the Order of Glory
  • Kalitsov Soltan Getagazovich - lieutenant general
  • Kesaev Alexey Kirillovich - Major General
  • Kesaev Astan Nikolaevich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Kibizov Alexander Nikolaevich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Kibirov Georgy Alekseevich - colonel of the tsarist army, liquidated the abrek Zelimkhan
  • Makoev Alikhan Amurkhanovich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Medoev Igor Basherovich (1955) - Hero of Russia, Major General
  • Mindzaev Mikhail Mairanovich (1955) - Hero of Russia, lieutenant general
  • Seoev Alan Misirbievich - Major General
  • Togoev Nikolai Borisovich - Full Cavalier of the Order of Glory
  • Tuganov Ignatius (Aslanbek) Mikhailovich (1804-1868) - major general, first general from Ossetia
  • Tuganov Khambi Aslambekovich (1838-1917) - major general
  • Turgiev Zaurbek Dzambolatovich (1859-1915) lieutenant general
  • Khudalov Khariton Alekseevich - lieutenant general
  • Tsagolov Kim Makedonovich - major general, senior military adviser to the Soviet troops in Afghanistan

Athletes, coaches

  • Akoev Artur Vladimirovich - silver medalist of the Olympic Games in Barcelona, ​​world and European champion in weightlifting
  • Gatsalov Khadzhimurat Soltanovich - Olympic champion in freestyle wrestling
  • Dedegkaev Kazbek Isaevich - Honored Coach of Russia in freestyle wrestling, Master of Sports of the USSR
  • Dedegkaev Kazbek Magometovich - Honored Coach of Russia and the USSR in freestyle wrestling
  • Kardanov, Amiran Avdanovich - bronze medalist of the Olympic Games
  • Karaev Alan - seven-time world champion in Armwrestling, world and Russian champion in sumo
  • Kulchiev Boris Khasanovich, master of sports in freestyle wrestling, master of sports in mountaineering. One of the peaks of the Great Caucasian Range is named after Kulchiev.
  • Sabeev Aravat Sergeevich - bronze medalist of the Olympic Games
  • Tavitov Valery Danilovich - ZT of the RSFSR in freestyle wrestling, ZRFK RF, honorary worker of education of the Russian Federation.
  • Uruimagov Vladimir Borisovich - Honored Coach of Russia in Greco-Roman wrestling
  • Fadzaev Arsen Suleimanovich - two-time Olympic champion, six-time world champion in freestyle wrestling
  • Skodtaev Anatoly Aidarukovich - five-time world champion, two-time European champion, multiple champion of Russia in armwrestling
  • Khromaev Zurab (Zurik) Mairanovich - President of the Basketball Federation of Ukraine
  • Tsagaev Alan Konstantinovich - silver medalist of the Olympic Games
  • Khamitsaev Kazbek Borisovich - Honored climber of the Russian Federation and the world, conqueror of the highest mountain of the planet Everest
  • Hallaev Vyacheslav (Khabos) - Master of Sports of the USSR in freestyle wrestling, Honored Coach of Russia, international class referee.

Famous people

  • Dzagurov Grigory Alekseevich - Professor
  • Dzarasov Soltan Safarbievich - Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
  • Isaev Magomet Izmailovich - Russian linguist, specialist in Iranian studies, interlinguistics and ethnolinguistics, professor
  • Dzidzoev Valery Dudarovich - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of SOGU
  • Kokiev Georgy Alexandrovich - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor
  • Tsagolov Nikolai Alexandrovich - Doctor of Economics, Professor
  • Magometov Akhurbek Alikhanovich - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of SOGU, Academician, President of SOGU
  • Tokaev Nokh Khasanbievich - Doctor of Economics, Professor of SOGU
  • Kalabekov Artur Lazarevich - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of SOGU
  • Kulchiev Akhsarbek Agubeyevich - head. Department of Surgery, FPDO, Professor, MD
  • Dzagurova Galina Taimurazovna - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of SOGU
  • Dzagkoev Kazbek Soslanbekovich - doctor of sociological sciences, professor of SOGU
  • Khataev Erast (Eristau) Elkanovich - Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of SOGU
  • Tsoriev Ramazan Izrailovich - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of SOGU
  • Balikoev Totraz Magometovich - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of SOGU
  • Kizinov Felix Isaevich - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of State State Agrarian University
  • Koibaev Boris Georgievich - doctor of political sciences, professor of SOGU
  • Lolaev Totraz Petrovich - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of SOGU
  • Ekati Bella Petrovna - Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, SOSU
  • Khamikoev Felix Georgievich - candidate of pedagogical sciences, professor of SOGU
  • Khachirov Anzor Kansaovich - Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor of State State Agrarian University
  • Gabeev Vasily Nikolaevich - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of SOGU
  • Marzoev Arkadiy Inalovich - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of SOGU
  • Byasov Kazbek Kharitonovich - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of SOGU
  • Takazov Valery Dzantemirovich - Doctor of Philology, Professor
  • Takazov Harum Alikhanovich - Doctor of Philology, Professor of SOGU
  • Tavasiev Akhsar Mukhaevich - Doctor of Economics, Professor, Moscow
  • Tsugkiev Boris Georgievich - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, State State Agrarian University
  • Maliev Nokh Dagkaevich - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of SOGU

Laureates of the Stalin, State and Lenin Prizes

  • Akoev Inal Georgievich
  • Gutsunaev Vadim Konstantinovich
  • Dzardanov Andrey Borisovich
  • Zoloev Kim Karpoevich
  • Zoloev Tatarkan Magometovich
  • Medoev Georgy Tsaraevich

Digorians
digorænttæ

Number and range

Digorsky, Irafsky, Mozdoksky districts, Vladikavkaz, as well as KBR, Turkey
Russia, Russia

  • North Ossetia North Ossetia
  • Kabardino-Balkaria Kabardino-Balkaria

Turkey Turkey
Syria Syria

Language

Digor dialect of the Ossetian language

Religion

Islam, Orthodoxy

Racial type

Caucasians

Included in Related peoples

Digorians(Ossetian dig. digoræ, digorænttæ; singular - digoron, iron. dygur, dygurættæ; singular - dyguron) - a sub-ethnos of Ossetians, they speak the Digor dialect (as part of the Leninist linguistic policy, until 1937 it developed as a separate literary language) of the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of the Iron dialect rarely speak the Digor language and, without communication experience, understand it very little. Digorians, on the contrary, for the most part understand Ironic speech and partially own it, since Ironic is more common in Ossetia and in Soviet times was considered the only literary language of Ossetians, and therefore it was also taught to Digorians. According to the All-Russian Population Census of Russia in 2002, 607 people indicated themselves as Digorians, and according to the 2010 census, only 223 Digorians indicated their identity.

  • 1 History of the Digorians
  • 2 Digor dialect
    • 2.1 Comparative features of dialects and dialects of the Digor dialect
  • 3 Culture
  • 4 Notable Digorians
    • 4.1 Laureates of the Stalin, State and Lenin Prizes
    • 4.2 Heroes of Socialist Labor, Heroes of Labor of the Russian Federation, full holders of the Order of Labor Glory
  • 5 Interesting Facts
  • 6 Links
  • 7 Notes

History of the Digorians

In the “Armenian Geography” (7th century), among the tribal names, the ethnonym Ashdigor is found - it is generally believed that this is a mention of the Digorians. On this and other (in particular, linguistic) grounds, it is assumed that the dialectal division in the Proto-Ossetian language occurred quite early, in pre-Mongol times. The Digorians have preserved legends about the invasion of the Caucasus by Timur (Zadaleski nana and Temur Alsakh) at the beginning of the 15th century.

Digorians make up the bulk of the population of Digoria - the western part of North Ossetia (Digorsky and Irafsky districts of the republic) and Ossetians living in Kabardino-Balkaria (the village of Ozrek, Urukh, St. Urukh, etc.). At the beginning of the 19th century, a number of Digor families from the foothill villages of Ket and Didinata moved to the territory of the modern Mozdok region. Here, on the right bank of the Terek, two large settlements of Digorians arose - Chernoyarsk (Dzæræshte, 1805) and Novo-Ossetian (Musgæu, 1809)

Unlike the rest of Ossetia, which joined the Russian Empire in 1774, Digoria became part of the Russian Empire in 1781.

In the first half of the 19th century, the Digorians professed both Islam and Christianity. The Russian government, seeking to separate Christians and Muslims, resettled the Digorians on the plain, and in 1852 Free-Mohammedan and Free-Christian were formed. Mozdok Digorians from the villages of Chernoyarskaya and Novo-Ossetinskaya were also Christians. A considerable number of Muslim Digorians in the second half of the 19th century moved to Turkey, where they settled compactly near the city of Kars (the villages of Sarykamysh and Hamamli)

Now most of the Digorians of the Irafsky region and those living in Kabardino-Balkaria profess Islam, in the Digorsky region mainly Christians live. The influence of Ossetian traditional beliefs is significant both among nominal Muslims and nominal Christians.

Digor dialect

Compared to Iron, the Digor dialect retains more archaic features of a common ancestor language. In other words, in a number of phenomena of phonetics and morphology, the Digor and Iron dialects can be considered as two successive stages in the development of the same language.

The founder of Digor literature is the first Digor poet Blaska Gurzhibekov (1868-1905). Besides Gurzhibekov, such writers as Georgy Maliev, Sozur Bagraev, Kazbek Kazbekov, Andrey Guluev, Taze Besaev, Yehya Khidirov, Taimuraz Tetsoev, Kazbek Tamaev, Zamadin Tseov and others wrote their works in Digor.

Writing in the Digor dialect existed (in parallel with writing in the Iron variant of the language) from the very appearance of Ossetian writing on a Russian graphic basis, that is, from the middle of the 19th century. However, gradually the proportion of writing in Iron, which was the basis of the Ossetian literary language, increased, which at times led to an almost complete cessation of the printing of Digor texts.

From the time of the establishment of Soviet power until 1937, Digor was considered a separate language, textbooks and other publications were published. However, in 1937, the Digor alphabet was declared "counter-revolutionary", and the Digor language was again recognized as a dialect of the Ossetian language, and the advanced Digor intelligentsia was subjected to repression.

Today, there is a rich literary tradition in the Digor dialect, newspapers (“Digoræ”, “Digori habærttæ”, “Iræf”) and a literary magazine (“Iræf”) are published, a voluminous Digorian-Russian dictionary has been published, as well as an explanatory dictionary of mathematical terms authored by Skodtaev K. B. Collections of Digorian writers are regularly published, various literary competitions and evenings are held. Digorsky State Drama Theatre. News programs in Digor are broadcast on radio and television. Some subjects are taught in the Digor dialect in elementary grades in schools with a predominance of the Digor population. It is planned to open in SOGU named after. K. L. Khetagurov Digorsky Department of Philology.

The Constitution of the RNO-A essentially recognizes both dialects of the Ossetian language as the state languages ​​of the republic, in Art. 15 says:

1. The official languages ​​of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania are Ossetian and Russian. 2. The Ossetian language (Iron and Digor dialects) is the basis of the national identity of the Ossetian people. Preservation and development of the Ossetian language are the most important tasks of the state authorities of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Comparative features of dialects and dialects of the Digor dialect

Normal spelling of the Iron variant of the literary Ossetian language Normal spelling of the most archaic Digor variant of the literary Ossetian language Gornodigorsky dialect Starodvalsky (Dvalsky) dialect(until the 19th century) Kudaro-Java (Novodvalsky) dialect(continuation of Old Valian) Alagir dialect(since the 20th century it has been superseded by Kurtato-Tagauri) Urstual dialect and Chisansky (Xansky) dialect Kurtato-Tagauri dialect Tual dialect(until the 20th century) Translation
salam Salan Salan salam salam Shalam salam Shalam salam Hey
Kusynts Kosuntsæ Kosuncæ Kusinch Kusinch Kushynts Kusynts Kushyns Kusynts (They work
Chyzdzhi tsæstytæ Kizgi tsæstitæ Kizgi honors Kyzgy hæstytæ Chyzdzhi shæstytæ Chyzdzhi tsæshtytæ Chyzdzhi tsæstytæ Chyzhdzhi sæshtytæ Chyzdzhi sæstytæ girl eyes
Dzæbæh y Dzæbæh uo Jæbæh wo Jæbæh y Jæbæh y Dzæbæh y Dzæbæh y Zæbæh y Zæbæh y Good
Tsu Tso Cho Chu Chu/Shu Tsu Tsu Su Su go
Huytsau Hutsau Huchau Huychau Huyshau Huytsau Huytsau Huysau Huysau God
Dzurynts Dzoruntsæ Joruncha Djurynch Zhurynch Dzurynts Dzurynts Zuryns Zurynts (They say
Tsybyr Tsubur Kibir Kybyr Chybyr/Shybyr Tsybyr Tsybyr Sybyr Sybyr Short

culture

  • State North Ossetian Digorsky Drama Theater - in Vladikavkaz
  • Ensemble of song and dance "Kaft" - Digora,
  • Statue of Jesus Christ with his hands open (Similar to a statue in Rio de Janeiro) at the entrance to the city of Digora,
  • Newspaper "Digoræ",
  • "Iraf" newspaper,
  • Life of the "Irafsky district",
  • Museum in Zadalesk,
  • Museum of local lore of the city of Digora,
  • Monument to the Kermenists in the city of Digora,

Notable Digorians

Laureates of the Stalin, State and Lenin Prizes

  • Akoev Inal Georgievich
  • Gutsunaev Vadim Konstantinovich
  • Dzardanov Andrey Borisovich
  • Zoloev Kim Karpovich
  • Zoloev Tatarkan Magometovich
  • Medoev Georgy Tsaraevich
  • Tavasiev Soslanbek Dafaevich
  • Takoev Zandar Afsimaikhovich
  • Khabiev Mukharbek Dzabegovich
  • Khutiev Alexander Petrovich

Heroes of Socialist Labor, Heroes of Labor of the Russian Federation, full cavaliers of the Order of Labor Glory

  • Bolloeva Poli
  • Gergiev Valery Abisalovich
  • Khadaev Akhurbek
  • Tolasov Boris Konstantinovich
  • In the works of oral folk art of the Digorians "Temur Alsakh" and "Zadæleski Nana", it is said about the campaign of Timur (Tamerlane) to the Caucasus at the end of the XIV century.

Links

  • M. I. Isaev, Digor dialect of the Ossetian language

Notes

  1. Overview of Ossetian sub-ethnonyms and versions of their origin
  2. Abaev V. A., Ossetian language and folklore, vol. 1, M. - L., 1949. Cit. by ed.: Isaev M.I., Digorsky dialect of the Ossetian language. Phonetics. Morphology, "Science", M., 1966
  3. Journal "Revolution and Nationalities", 1937, No. 5, p. 81-82
  4. The electronic version of this dictionary is available for the ABBYY Lingvo shell
  5. Latest news releases on the website of the State TV and Radio Company "Alania"
  6. Full text of the RNO-A constitution

Digortsy Information About

Digortsy
Modern self-name digoron, digorænttæ
Number and range
Language Digor dialect of the Ossetian language
Religion Orthodoxy, Islam, traditional beliefs
Included in Ossetians
Related peoples Irons

Digorians make up the bulk of the population of Digoria - the western part of North Ossetia (Digorsky and Irafsky districts of the republic) and Ossetians living in Kabardino-Balkaria (village Ozrek, Urukh, St. Urukh, etc.). At the beginning of the 19th century, a number of Digor families from the foothill villages of Ket and Didinata moved to the territory of the modern Mozdok region. Here, on the right bank of the Terek, two large settlements of Digorians arose - Chernoyarsk (Dzæræshte, 1805) and Novo-Ossetian (Musgæu, 1809)

Unlike the rest of Ossetia, which joined the Russian Empire in 1774, Digoria became part of the Russian Empire in 1781.

In the first half of the 19th century, the Digorians professed both Islam and Christianity. The Russian government, seeking to separate Christians and Muslims, resettled the Digorians on the plain, and in 1852 Free-Christian and Free-Mohammedan settlements were formed. The Mozdok Digorians from the villages of Chernoyarskaya and Novo-Ossetinskaya are also Christians. A considerable number of Muslim Digorians in the second half of the 19th century moved to Turkey, where they settled compactly near the city of Kars (the villages of Sarykamysh and Hamamli)

Now most of the Digorians of the Irafsky region and those living in Kabardino-Balkaria profess Islam, in the Digorsky region mainly Christians live. The influence of Ossetian traditional beliefs is significant both among nominal Muslims and nominal Christians.

Related videos

Digor dialect

Writing in the Digor dialect existed (in parallel with writing in the Iron dialect) from the very appearance of Ossetian writing on a Russian graphic basis, that is, from the middle of the 19th century. However, gradually the proportion of writing in Iron, which was the basis of the Ossetian literary language, increased, which at times led to an almost complete cessation of the printing of Digor texts.

From the time of the establishment of Soviet power until 1937, Digor was considered a separate language, textbooks and other publications were published. However, in 1937 the Digor alphabet was declared "counter-revolutionary", and the Digor language was again recognized as a dialect of the Ossetian language, and the advanced Digor intelligentsia was subjected to repression.

culture

  • Monument to the poet Blashka Gurjibekov in Vladikavkaz and Digor.
  • State North Ossetian Digorsky Drama Theater - in Vladikavkaz,
  • Drama folk theater of regional significance in the city of Digora,
  • Ensemble of song and dance "Kaft", Digoræ,
  • Statue of Jesus Christ opening his arms (similar to the statue in Rio de Janeiro) at the entrance to the city of Digoræ,
  • Walk of Fame in Digoræ.
  • Park of Culture and Leisure named after the conductor of the Mariinsky Theater (St. Petersburg) Valery Gergiev in Digoræ.
  • Newspaper "Digori habærttæ" ("News of Digoria", Digorskaya regional newspaper)
  • Newspaper "Digoræ" (republican newspaper)
  • Newspaper "Iræf" (Iraf regional newspaper)
  • Life of the "Irafsky district",
  • Journal "Iræf" (literary journal of the Union of Writers of North Ossetia-Alania)
  • Museum in the village of Zadalesk, Irafsky district
  • Museum of local lore G.A. Tsagolov Digoræ,
  • In with. Dur-Dur, Digorsky District Museum of the People's Artist of Ossetia M. Tuganov (Affiliate of the Local History Museum of North Ossetia-Alania), Vladikavkaz
  • In the village of Karman-Sindzikau, Digorsky district, the work of the People's Artist of Ossetia Soslanbek Edziev is exhibited.
  • The monument to Salavat Yulaev, the national hero of Bashkiria, an associate of E. Pugachev, was erected by Soslanbek Tavasiev.
  • Murat Dzotsoev, a native of the city of Digora, was awarded the Order of Glory in 1956 during the Hungarian events.
  • In the city of Digor, streets are named after the Heroes of the Soviet Union who showed courage and heroism on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War: Astana Kesaeva, Alexander Kibizov, Akhsarbek Abaev, Sergey Bitsaev, Pavel Bilaonov, Alexander Batyshev.
  • In the city of Voronezh, a street is named after Lazar Dzotov ("Street of Lieutenant Dzotov")
  • In the city of Digor, a street was named after Sergei Chikhaviev, an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, who tragically died in 1994 in the line of duty.
  • In the city of Krasnoyarsk, a secondary school and a street were named after the hero of the civil war, Khadzhumar Getoev, a native of the village of Surkh-Digora, and a bust was erected.
  • Monument to Kermenist revolutionaries, heroes of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars in Digoræ,
  • In the city of Vladikavkaz, streets are named after the Kermenist revolutionaries: Georgy Tsagolov, Debol Gibizov, Andrey Gostiyev, Kolk Kesaev, Danel Togoev
  • In the city of Vladikavkaz, a street is named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Astana Nikolaevich Kesaev (the captain of the submarine "Malyutka").


Plan:

    Introduction
  • 1 History of the Digorians
  • 2 Digor dialect
  • 3 Main Digor surnames
  • 4 Traditional Digor names
  • 5 Digor estates
  • 6 Digorsk settlements
  • 7 Notable Digorians
    • 7.1 Revolutionaries
    • 7.2 Military
    • 7.3 Athletes, coaches
    • 7.4 Scholars
    • 7.5 Writers
    • 7.6 Painters and sculptors
    • 7.7 Musicians, singers, actors
    • 7.8 Businessmen
    • Notes

Introduction

Digorians(Oset. dygur, dig. digoron, digorænttæ, digoræ) - an ethnographic group of Ossetians, they speak the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language (as part of the Leninist linguistic policy, until 1937 it developed as a separate literary language) of the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of the Iron dialect do not speak the Digor language and hardly understand it. Digorians, on the contrary, for the most part understand the Iron language and partially know it, since until recently the Iron dialect was completely taught in schools as a native language. According to the All-Russian census of the population of Russia in 2002, 607 people identified themselves as Digorians.


1. History of the Digorians

In the “Armenian Geography” (7th century), among the tribal names, there is an ethnonym ashdigor- It is generally accepted that this is a mention of the Digorians. On this and other (in particular, linguistic) grounds, it is assumed that the dialectal division in the Proto-Ossetian language occurred quite early, in pre-Mongol times. The Digorians have preserved legends about the invasion of Timur into the Caucasus at the beginning of the 15th century (Zadæleski nana and Temur Alsakh).

Digorians make up the bulk of the population of Digoria - the western part of North Ossetia (Digorsky and Irafsky districts of the republic) and Ossetians living in Kabardino-Balkaria (the village of Ozrek, Urukh, St. Urukh, etc.). At the beginning of the 19th century, a number of Digor families from the foothill villages of Ket and Didinatæ moved to the territory of the modern Mozdok region. Here, on the right bank of the Terek, two large settlements of Digorians arose - Chernoyarskoye (Dzæræshte, 1805) and Novo-Osetinovskoye (Musigæu, 1809). These settlers later entered the Terek Cossack troops. Unlike the rest of Ossetia, which joined the Russian Empire in 1774, Digoria became part of Russia only in 1827 along with Balkaria [ ] . In the first half of the 19th century, the Digorians predominantly professed Islam [ source? ] . But then, under the pressure of the tsarist authorities, the positions of Christianity are strengthened and some Digorians accept Christianity. In 1852, the division of the Digorians into Christians and Muslims took place, when the villages of Free-Christian and Free-Mohammedan were founded. A considerable number of Muslim Digorians in the second half of the 19th century moved to Turkey, where they settled compactly near the city of Kars (the villages of Sarykamysh and Hamamli). Now the majority of the believing Digorians of the Irafsky region and those living in Kabardino-Balkaria profess Islam, while Christians predominate in the Digorsky region. Despite Christianization and Islamization, the bulk of the Digorians adhere to traditional beliefs, especially in the highlands. The Digorians were among the first to support Soviet power in the North Caucasus, creating in the summer of 1917 the revolutionary party "Kermen". Then they took an active part in the August events in Vladikavkaz, when in August 1918 the counter-revolutionary forces of the Terek tried to capture Vladikavkaz. In 1919, when the White Army completely occupied North Ossetia, the Digorians remained loyal to the Soviet regime to the end. At the end of January 1919, the inhabitants of the village. Khristianovsky (now the city of Digora) spent three days surrounded by the troops of A. Shkuro. From May to August 1919, the Digor partisans and the remnants of the XI Red Army, led by Danel Togoev, defended the Digor Gorge from the White Guards and local counter-revolutionary forces for 100 days. When the ammunition ran out, the whites only then entered the gorge. The Digor partisans left through the mountain passes to Menshevik Georgia. In 1921, the Digor partisans again crossed the mountain passes into Georgia. This time, in order to liberate the working Georgian people of the Racha district from the Mensheviks. Subsequently, the Digor partisans were awarded a red banner with the inscription: "To the glorious detachment of the Revolutionary Digoria from the Workers and Peasants of Georgia." From January 1921 to April 1922, a separate Digorsky district existed in the Gorskaya ASSR. The territorial dispute between him and the Vladikavkaz district was resolved by the merger of both districts in 1922. During the Great Patriotic War, several thousand Digorians went to defend their homeland. Of these, 6 became heroes of the Soviet Union, 6 - generals, 3 - full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, 1 - cavalier of the Order of the Legion of Honor of the USA (1945). Of the five families, seven brothers went to war (Ataevs, Kobegkaevs, Marzoevs, Khadaevs, Tseboevs). 6 Temirov brothers did not return from the war, and from the families of Tokaev, Turgiev, Byasov, Baloev, Seoev, Dzoblaev, Takhokhov, Vazagov, 5 brothers died.


2. Digor dialect

Compared to Iron, the Digor dialect retains more archaic features of a common ancestor language. As the well-known Iranian scholar V. I. Abaev pointed out, the Digor dialect “in the field of phonetics and partly morphology reflects the norms that are transitional from ancient Iranian to modern Iron. In other words, in a number of phenomena of phonetics and morphology, the Digor and Iron dialects can be considered as two successive stages in the development of the same language.

The founder of Digor literature is the first Digor poet Blashka Gurzhibekov (1868-1905). In addition to Gurzhibekov, such writers as Georgy Maliev, Sozur Bagraev, Kazbek Kazbekov, Andrey Guluev, Taze Besaev, Yehya Khidirov, Taimuraz Tetsoev, Kazbek Tamaev and others wrote their works in Digor .

Writing in the Digor dialect existed (in parallel with writing in the Iron variant of the language) from the very appearance of Ossetian writing on a Russian graphic basis, that is, from the middle of the 19th century. However, gradually the proportion of writing in Iron, which was the basis of the Ossetian literary language, increased, which at times led to an almost complete cessation of the printing of Digor texts.

From the time of the establishment of Soviet power until 1937, Digor was considered a separate language, a special alphabet was developed for it, textbooks and other publications were published. However, in 1937 the Digor alphabet was declared "counter-revolutionary", and the Digor language was again recognized as a dialect of the Ossetian language, and the advanced Digor intelligentsia was subjected to repression.

Today, there is a rich literary tradition in the Digor dialect, newspapers (“Digoræ”, “Digori habarttæ”, “Iræf”) and a literary magazine (“Iræf”) are published, a voluminous Digorian-Russian dictionary has been published. Collections of Digorian writers are regularly published, various literary competitions and evenings are held. The Digorsky Drama Theatre. Radio and television broadcast news programs in Digor. Some subjects are taught in the Digor dialect in elementary grades in schools with a predominance of the Digor population. It is planned to open in SOGU named after. K. L. Khetagurov Digorsky Department of Philology.

The Constitution of the RNO-A essentially recognizes both dialects of the Ossetian language as the state languages ​​of the republic, in Art. 15 says:

1. The official languages ​​of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania are Ossetian and Russian. 2. The Ossetian language (Iron and Digor dialects) is the basis of the national identity of the Ossetian people. The preservation and development of the Ossetian language are the most important tasks of the state authorities of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania .

3. Main Digor surnames

Kabaloevs, Tsagolovs, Kardanovs, Zoloevs, Tsarikaevs, Malievs, Tsorievs, Makoevs, Balikoevs, Kibizovs, Dzagurovs, Dedegkaevs, Tsallaevs, Khadaevs, Sabanovs, Sarakaevs, Tsakoevs, Dzoblaevs, Kambolovs, Gobeevs, Gabeevs, Budaevs, Khamitsaevs, Khamikoevs, Tavasievs, Ataevs, Akoevs, Albegonovs, Tokaevs

4. Traditional Digor names

Astan, Avdan, Saukuy, Tsaray, Kermen, Tambi, Fatsbay, Basil, Galau, Digis, Huasdzau, Barag,

5. Digor estates

  • Badeliata
  • Tsargasata
  • rider
  • Hehezta
  • Kumiyagta
  • Cusagonta

6. Digorsk settlements

  • City of Digora (Dig. Kiristongæu)
  • Plain Digor villages: Akhsarisar, Vinogradnoye, Dur-Dur, Dzagyepparz (Tekatiguæu), Kalukh, Kora, Lesken, Mostizdakh, Novoossetian (Musgæu), New Urukh (Seker), Ozrek, Sindzikau, Surkh-Digora, Toldzgun, Ursdon, Khaznidon, Chernoyarskaya (Dzæræshte), Chikola
  • Mountain Digor villages: Akhsargin (Ækhsærgin), Akhsau (Ækhsæuæ), Galiat (Gæliatæ), Gular (Gulær), Vakats (Uækhjætsæ), Donifars (Donifars), Dunta (Duntæ), Dzinaga (Dzinaga), Zadalesk (Zadæleskæ), Kalnakhta (Khalnæhtæ), Kamat (K'amatæ), Kamunta (K'æmuntæ), Kumbulta (Kumbultæ), Kussu (Kussu), Lezgor (Lezgoræ), Mastinok (Mæstinokæ), Makhchesk (Mækhcheskæ), Moska (Moscow), Nara (Naræ), Nauaggau (Næuæggæu), Odola (Odola), Stur-Digora (Ustur-Digoræ), Faraskat (Færæskjættæ), Fasnal (Fæsnæl), Hanaz (Khænæzæ), Khonsar (Khonsar)
  • Digor villages in Turkey: Poyrazli [ source not specified 47 days] (Poyrazlı), Hamamli (Hamamlı Köyü)

7. Famous Digorians

7.1. Revolutionaries

  • Avsaragov Mark Gavrilovich
  • Takoev Simon Alievich
  • Togoev Danil Nikolaevich
  • Tsagolov Georgy Alexandrovich

7.2. Military

  • Abaev Akhsarbek Magometovich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Baituganov Mikhail Andreevich - lieutenant general
  • Bilaonov Pavel Semyonovich - Hero of the Soviet Union, lieutenant general
  • Bitsaev Sergey Vladimirovich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Bicherakhov Lazar Fedorovich (1882-1952) major general of the Russian army, lieutenant general of the British army
  • Gatagov Soslanbek Bekirovich - Major General
  • Gatsolaev Victor Aslamurzaevich - lieutenant general
  • Dzusov Murat Danilovich - Major General
  • Edzaev Akhsarbek Alexandrovich - full cavalier of the Order of Glory
  • Kalaev Semyon Dzageevich - full cavalier of the Order of Glory
  • Kalitsov Soltan Getagazovich - lieutenant general
  • Kesaev Alexey Kirillovich - Major General
  • Kesaev Astan Nikolaevich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Kibizov Alexander Nikolaevich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Kibirov Georgy Alekseevich - colonel of the tsarist army, liquidated the abrek Zelimkhan
  • Makoev Alikhan Amurkhanovich - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Medoev Igor Basherovich (1955) - Hero of Russia, Major General
  • Mindzaev Mikhail Mairanovich (1955) - Hero of Russia, Lieutenant General
  • Seoev Alan Misirbievich - Major General
  • Togoev Nikolai Borisovich - Full Cavalier of the Order of Glory
  • Tuganov Ignatius (Aslanbek) Mikhailovich (1804-1868) - major general, first general from Ossetia
  • Tuganov Khambi Aslambekovich (1838-1917) - major general
  • Turgiev Zaurbek Dzambolatovich (1859-1915) lieutenant general
  • Khudalov Khariton Alekseevich - lieutenant general
  • Tsagolov Kim Makedonovich - Major General

7.3. Athletes, coaches

  • Akoev Artur Vladimirovich - silver medalist of the Olympic Games
  • Gatsalov Khadzhimurat Soltanovich - Olympic champion in freestyle wrestling
  • Dedegkaev Kazbek Isaevich - Honored Coach of Russia in freestyle wrestling
  • Dedegkaev Kazbek Magometovich - Honored Coach of Russia and the USSR in freestyle wrestling
  • Kardanov Amiran Avdanovich - bronze medalist of the Olympic Games
  • Karaev Alan -
  • Sabeev Aravat Sergeevich - bronze medalist of the Olympic Games
  • Uruimagov Vladimir Borisovich - Honored Coach of Russia in Greco-Roman wrestling
  • Fadzaev Arsen Suleimanovich - two-time Olympic champion
  • Khromaev Zurab Mairanovich - President of the Basketball Federation of Ukraine
  • Tsagaev Alan Konstantinovich - silver medalist of the Olympic Games

7.4. Scientists

  • Dzagurov Grigory Alekseevich - Professor
  • Dzarasov Soltan Safarbievich - Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
  • Isaev Magomet Izmailovich -
  • Dzidzoev Valery Dudarovich - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor
  • Kokiev Georgy Alexandrovich - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor
  • Tsagolov Nikolai Alexandrovich - Doctor of Economics, Professor

7.5. Writers

  • Avsaragov Boris Sergeevich
  • Bagraev Sozur Kurmanovich
  • Gurzhibekov Vasily Ivanovich
  • Kazbekov Kazbek Timofeevich
  • Kibirov Timur Yurievich
  • Maliev Georgy Gadoevich
  • Uruimagova Yezetkhan Alimarzaevna - the first female writer from the peoples of the Caucasus who wrote a novel in Russian
  • Tsagolov Vasily Makedonovich
  • Tsagolov Georgy Mikhailovich

7.6. Painters and sculptors

  • Gadaev Lazar Tazeevich
  • Soskiev Vladimir Borisovich
  • Tavasiev Soslanbek Dafaevich - the author of the monument to Salavat Yulaev in Ufa
  • Toguzaev Igor Eseevich
  • Tuganov Makharbek Safarovich
  • Tsagolov Vasily Vladimirovich

7.7. Musicians, singers, actors

  • Aguzarova Zhanna Khasanovna
  • Gergiev Valery Abisalovich
  • Gokinati Tamara Grigorievna
  • Tsallati Vadim Ramazanovich
  • Tsarikati Felix Viktorovich

7.8. businessmen

  • Bagraev Nikolay Georgievich
  • Bolloev Taimuraz Kazbekovich
  • Gokoev Kazbek Kermenovich
  • Kagermazov Alan Aslanbekovich
  • Tsagolov Alexander Georgievich

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