Under a large tent of blue skies, what paths. In fact, there were two tsars in Russia, two Boyar Dumas, two systems of orders

"Rus" Ivan Nikitin

under a big tent
blue skies -
I see - the distance of the steppes
Turns green.

And on their edges
Above the dark clouds
Mountain chains stand
Giants.

Through the steppes to the sea
The rivers are rolling
And the paths lie
In all directions.

I look to the south
fields are mature,
That the reeds are thick
Quietly moving;

Meadow Ant
Carpet spreads,
Grapes in the orchards
Poured.

I look to the north
There, in the wilderness of the desert,
Snow, that white fluff,
Spinning fast;

Raises the chest
The sea is blue
And mountains of ice
Walks on the sea;

And the fire of heaven
bright glow
Illuminates the darkness
Impenetrable…

It's you, mine
sovereign Russia,
My motherland
Orthodox!

You are wide, Russia,
On the face of the earth
In royal beauty
Turned around!

Do you not have
Fields of pure
Where would I find revelry
Is the will bold?

Do you not have
About the treasury reserve,
For friends - tables,
Sword - an enemy?

Do you not have
heroic forces,
old saint,
Big feats?

In front of whom
Have you humiliated?
To whom on a rainy day
Did you bow low?

In their fields
Under the mounds
You put
Hordes of Tatars.

You are for life and death
Had a dispute with Lithuania
And gave a lesson
Lyakh proud.

And it was a long time ago
When from the West
Fitted you
Is the cloud dark?

Under her thunderstorm
The forests fell
mother earth cheese
hesitated

And ominous smoke
From burning villages
got up high
Black cloud!

But only the king called
His people to fight -
Suddenly from all over
Russia has risen.

Gathered the children
Old men and wives
Received guests
For a bloody feast.

And in the deaf steppes,
Under the snowdrifts
went to sleep
Guests forever.

Buried them
snow blizzards,
Storms of the north
Wept for them!

And now among
your cities
ant infested
Orthodox people.

On gray seas
From distant countries
To bow to you
The ships are coming.

And the fields are blooming
And the forests roar
And lie in the ground
Piles of gold.

And all over
white light
It's about you
Glory is loud.

And there is something for
Russia mighty,
love you
call mother,

Stand up for your honor
Against the enemy
For you in need
Lay down your head.

Analysis of Nikitin's poem "Rus"

Among the poets of the middle of the 19th century, who sang the beauty of their native land, Ivan Savvich Nikitin (1825 - 1861) stands out. He was born and raised in Voronezh, a small provincial town, therefore, better than many other writers, he knew the life of ordinary Russian people and observed the beauties of his native nature with his own eyes.

The poem "Rus", written by Ivan Savvich in 1851, is filled with admiration, pride and love for the inhabitants and expanses of the motherland. In character, it resembles an epic or a Russian folk song.

With folk melodies, the work "Rus" is related by a poetic composition. In such songs, there is often no pronounced rhyme, the unity of the lines in them is maintained with the help of meter and rhythm. There is also no rhyme in this poem, but a clear rhythm can be traced. There are 29 stanzas in total, each consisting of four lines. Each line has 5 syllables, the size can be defined as iambic. The last line most often consists of one word, and the stress in it falls on the third syllable.

In the first stanzas, the poet depicts the beauties of Russia. Like a kind owner, who carefully looks around his possessions, Ivan Savvich directs his thoughts to the farthest corners of the Motherland in order to convey to the readers all the charm and power of his native land. He mentions endless steppes, meadows, and dense forests. The poet's gaze reaches even the North with its snowy deserts.

Landscapes are rendered using various artistic techniques. To describe the sky, the author uses the metaphor "big tent", "fire of heaven" - a vivid image for the morning dawn, "bloody feast" - for battle. The poet does not hesitate to compare phenomena:
The fields are mature.
That the reeds are thick ...
Snow, that white fluff,
Spinning fast...

In addition to the richness of nature, the poet highly appreciates the extraordinary qualities of the people of Russia. Applying metonymy, that is, using the word "Rus" in the meaning of "Russian people", Ivan Savvich glorifies those virtues that make the homeland unique in his eyes.

Important for the poet is the steadfastness and courage of the population of Russian lands. He mentions the Tatar conquest, conflicts with Lithuania, from which Russia invariably emerged victorious. Ivan Savvich pays much attention to the Patriotic War of 1812, which is mentioned in the poem:
And it was a long time ago
When from the West
Fitted you
Is the cloud dark?

The poet highly appreciates the common religion, loyalty to the tsar, the generosity and breadth of the Russian soul, these qualities seem to the author so valuable that he is ready to defend the Motherland, even if it costs him his life. This poem can be considered a patriotic anthem, inspiring deeds in the name of the motherland.

You are wide, Russia, on the face of the earth
Unfolded in royal beauty!
Do you not have heroic powers,
Antiquity saint, high-profile feats?
And there is something for that, mighty Russia,
love you, call you mother,
Stand for your honor against the enemy,
For you in need lay down your head!

National Unity Day celebrated in Russia
November 4 is the date of the end of the Time of Troubles and liberation from the Polish invaders in 1612.

Boris Godunov

Boris Godunov

False Dmitry 1

False Dmitry 1

Vasily Shuisky

Vasily Shuisky

In the summer of 1610, a group of boyars and nobles forced
V. I. Shuisky to abdicate and take the veil as a monk. Power passed into the hands of the Seven Boyars.
In 1611, the former Russian Tsar Vasily Shuisky was brought captive to Poland to King Sigismund. Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky died in a foreign land on September 12, 1612.
Not wanting to re-elect a tsar from the boyars and seeking to reconcile with the Poles, the Seven Boyars offered to call the son of the Polish king Sigismund III, Prince Vladislav, to the Russian throne.

False Dmitry II - impostor pretended to be a king

False Dmitry II - impostor . In 1607, False Dmitry II appeared in Starodub-Seversky and pretended to be a king Dmitry Ioannovich (son of Ivan the Terrible), allegedly happily saved during the Moscow uprising of 1606.
He received support from the Poles and the Russian boyars. In May 1608, False Dmitry II defeated the troops of V. Shuisky.
Unable to occupy the capital, he camped in the village of Tushino near Moscow, for which he received the nickname " Tushinsky thief ".
In 1609, he lost the support of the Poles and was forced to flee to Kaluga, where he was killed.

The country has established dual power .

The country has established dual power .
In fact, there were two tsars in Russia, two Boyar Dumas, two systems of orders.
AT Tushino The "thieves' thought" was ruled by the boyars Romanovs, Saltykovs, Trubetskoys. Was in Tushino and his own patriarch - Filaret.
Boyars for selfish purposes passed from Vasily Shuisky to an impostor and back; such boyars were called "flights".

Kuzma Minin, a seller of meat and fish, a zemstvo headman, was considered in Nizhny Novgorod a "beloved person" for his honesty and "wise sense."
According to Minin's advice, people donated "the third money", i.e. third of the property.
People chose Prince D.M. Pozharsky as their leader, who was treated for wounds on his estate.
Nizhny Novgorod was soon joined by other cities, raised by the district charter.
For almost a year, Russian people gathered forces, and finally, in July 1612, the militia of Minin and Pozharsky marched on Moscow.
In April 1612, a huge militia was already standing in Yaroslavl with Prince Pozharsky and Minin at the head.

The battle for the capital was stubborn and bloody. With an oath "Let's die for Holy Russia!" the militia fought bravely.
All hearts, all souls, all thoughts, all desires of the Russian people were united in this cry. However, the outcome of the battle remained unclear.
But then Minin selected 300 excellent soldiers and boldly rushed with them to the enemy from behind - into the very thick of the Poles.
Such an unexpected attack confused the Polish army, its ranks were upset, and the Russians took advantage of this disorder. In August, a decisive victory was won over the Poles, and in October Moscow was cleared of the invaders.

It seemed that Russia no longer existed, culture, and way of life, and morality, and law would go into oblivion.
Love for Russia turned out to be stronger than hatred for the feudal lords.
The call to unite came from the bottom of society.
Forgetting insults, people of different social strata stood in one line: the merchants, the peasantry, the nobility, the clergy, the Cossacks.
It was the militia that decided the fate of the Russian state.
It was a demonstration of the will to independence,
love for the motherland, the ability to self-organize,
when there is no central authority, when people who are alien to Russia are on the throne.

Mikhail Fedorovich

Mikhail Fedorovich
Romanov

selflessly come to her defense.

This will be repeated many times in Russian history. Ordinary Russian people, who realized that the country is threatened by a mortal enemy, selflessly come to her defense.
Example: The feat of the Kostroma peasant forever serves as a symbol of loyalty to the Motherland Ivan Susanin who sacrificed his own life in the fight against the Polish interventionists, who led the enemies into the deep forest, into the swamp (1613). According to legend, in this way he saved Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, who was then elected to the kingdom, who was then living in Kostroma.
1812. People's militia - patriots of Smolensk, Borodino. Tarutino.
A mass partisan movement that made the stay of the French in Russia unbearable. The militia, which pursued the enemy, made it possible to save the main forces of the Russian army.

1941 again showed that the militia is an amazing, unique manifestation of the Russian soul, the fact of readiness to sacrifice for the sake of their homeland. Volunteers won time to deploy a cadre army.
THEM ALL were united by the thought:
Who if not us?
Behind us is the Motherland!

Without understanding, awareness, education feelings of sovereignty, patriotism
in each of us
is our Fatherland can't really become GREAT POWER.
THE FUTURE OF THE COUNTRY IS FOR YOU, TODAY'S SCHOOLCHILDREN.

They don’t argue with history, They live with history, It unites One state for feat and work, When one people, When it moves forward with great power. He defeats the enemy, Uniting in battle, And frees Russia, And sacrifices himself. To the glory of those heroes We live by one destiny, Today is Unity Day We celebrate with you!

What is the name of the public holiday, which was first celebrated in Russia on November 4, 2005?
National Unity Day
Under what name did the beginning of the 17th century go down in history?
Time of Troubles
About whom the historian V.O. Klyuchevsky said: “He was only baked in a Polish oven, and fermented in Moscow”
False Dmitry the First
What is the name of the army, created on a voluntary basis?
Civil uprising
For the first time in the history of Russia, this tsar was elected to the throne by the Zemsky Sobor.
Mikhail Romanov

The man whose appearance on the historical stage in 1608 served as the creation of DUALITY: “For almost two years, Russia had two capitals, two tsars, two Patriarchs”
False Dmitry II "Tushinsky Thief"
In memory of the expulsion of the Polish-Lithuanian-Swedish invaders from our land, three churches were built. One of them was erected with the money of D. Pozharsky at the corner of Red Square and Nikolskaya Street. What is the name of this temple?
Kazan Cathedral
Each holiday has its own symbolism. Suggest what can become a symbol of the holiday of national unity (emblem, motto, coat of arms, image)

Ivan Savvich Nikitin (1824-1861) - Russian poet.

Nikitin's poem about Russia

under a big tent
blue skies -
I see - the distance of the steppes
Turns green.

And on their edges
Above the dark clouds
Mountain chains stand
Giants.

Through the steppes to the sea
The rivers are rolling
And the paths lie
In all directions.

I look to the south
fields are mature,
That the reeds are thick
Quietly moving;

Meadow Ant
Carpet spreads,
Grapes in the orchards
Poured.

I look to the north
There, in the wilderness of the desert,
Snow, that white fluff,
Spinning fast;

Raises the chest
The sea is blue
And mountains of ice
Walks on the sea;

And the fire of heaven
bright glow
Illuminates the darkness
Impenetrable...

It's you, mine
sovereign Russia,
My motherland
Orthodox!

You are wide, Russia,
On the face of the earth
In royal beauty
Turned around!

Do you not have
Fields of pure
Where would I find revelry
Is the will bold?

Do you not have
About the treasury reserve,
For friends - tables,
Sword - an enemy?

Do you not have
heroic forces,
old saint,
Big feats?

In front of whom
Have you humiliated?
To whom on a rainy day
Did you bow low?

In their fields
Under the mounds
You put
Hordes of Tatars.

You are for life and death
Had a dispute with Lithuania
And gave a lesson
Lyakh proud.

And it was a long time ago
When from the West
Fitted you
Is the cloud dark?

Under her thunderstorm
The forests fell
mother earth cheese
hesitated

And ominous smoke
From burning villages
got up high
Black cloud!

But only the king called
His people to fight -
Suddenly from all over
Russia has risen.

Gathered the children
Old men and wives
Received guests
For a bloody feast.

And in the deaf steppes,
Under the snowdrifts
went to sleep
Guests forever.

Buried them
snow blizzards,
Storms of the north
Wept for them!

And now among
your cities
ant infested
Orthodox people.

On gray seas
From distant countries
To bow to you
The ships are coming.

And the fields are blooming
And the forests roar
And lie in the ground
Piles of gold.

And all over
white light
It's about you
Glory is loud.

And there is something for
Russia mighty,
love you
call mother,

Stand up for your honor
Against the enemy
For you in need
Lay down your head!
1851

Ivan Savvich Nikitin (1824-1861) - Russian poet.
The earliest surviving poems date back to 1849, many of them imitative in nature. He made his debut in print with the poem "Rus", written in 1851, but published in the "Voronezh Gubernskie Vedomosti" only on November 21, 1853, that is, after the start of the Crimean War. The patriotic pathos of the poem made it very topical. In the future, Nikitin's poems were published in the magazines Moskvityanin, Domestic Notes and other publications. The first separate collection (1856) included poems on a variety of topics, from religious to social. The collection has received mixed reviews. The second collection of poems was published in 1859. The prose "Diary of a seminarian" was published in the "Voronezh Conversation for 1861" (1861).
Nikitin is considered the master of the Russian poetic landscape and Koltsov's successor. The main themes in Nikitin's poetry are native nature, hard work and the hopeless life of the peasants, the suffering of the urban poor, protest against the unfair arrangement of life. Basically, he, being courageously restrained and cautious, apparently, in the most intimate, deeply hidden, hid his human suffering behind a sense of beauty in nature. The more piercing nature sounded in him, and he in it, the deeper it all sank into the soul of the reader.
Dmitry Kovalev