To ordinary people who are not familiar with translation activities, translation from one language to another does not seem like a whole science. They think that in order to translate, it is enough to know some language or even worse, it is enough to complete intensive courses, for example, in English, and you can safely start working with foreign partners. It is not surprising that the role of a translator is very often underestimated, or unrealistic demands are made on the translator: he must know everything and immediately and instantly issue a translation. Meanwhile, translation activity is a whole science. There are several types of translations, which are also divided depending on the subject. No wonder that Each species has its own requirements for a translator.
So, there are two main approaches to the classification of translation:
I. All translations can be shared depending on the original text, i.e. what style (genre) does it belong to
II. Depending on whether under what conditions the translation process takes place.
Now let's talk more about each approach.
I. According to the genre-stylistic classification, translations are: literary (art) and informative (special).
Literary translation is a translation of works of art (novels, plays, songs, poems, stories, etc.). When performing this translation, the translator must remember that he does not need to translate line by line, i.e. just pass on information. Its main goal is to convey that range of feelings and emotions, that aesthetic and artistic impact, which was originally conceived by the author. This type of translation is very difficult, because it requires from the translator not only an ideal knowledge of the language, but also a deep understanding of the translated work, as well as a literary gift (for example, poetry). Literary translation allows deviations from the original text, because the main thing here is not to convey the meaning, but emotions and aesthetics!
Example:
Original: I sit and talk to God and he just laughs at my plans…
Literal translation: I sit and talk with God, and he only laughs at my plans ...
Literary translation: I shared my plans with the creator, in response he only laughed ...
Informative translation is the translation of texts, the main purpose of which is to bring information / information to the addressee, and not in an emotional and aesthetic impact. This includes all materials related to business, scientific, household and socio-political activities. By the way, it is customary to refer to informative translation as translations of detective stories, essays, descriptions of travels and similar texts, which are distinguished by information content, and not aesthetic impact. This includes translations of: scientific and technical materials, newspaper and information, official business, patent, political and journalistic materials, etc.
It should be understood that in practice many texts combine the characteristics of artistic and informative texts, i.e. often there is no clear division. Some passages are informative, and some are artistic.
II. Depending on the conditions under which the translation process takes place, translation activities are divided for written translation and interpretation.
Written translation- this is when the translation is carried out in writing, i.e. it is fixed in the form of texts. This type of translation is convenient because the translator can return to individual sections of the text, make adjustments to it in the course of work, rethink individual paragraphs, etc. A classic example of such a translation: the translator receives the text and must present to the customer in writing the translation of this text into the required language.
Oral translation- this is a type of translation that is carried out orally, i.e. aurally. It is complicated by the fact that the translator has no right to make a mistake (the word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it) - everything must be translated correctly the first time. There are two types of translation here:
1) simultaneous translation– i.e. the interpreter translates almost simultaneously with the speaker (only 2-3 seconds behind). This type of interpreting is extremely complex and requires special technical equipment: interpreters sit in separate booths, listening to the speaker through headphones, while they themselves speak into a microphone. At the same time, simultaneous translation is carried out by at least two interpreters who replace each other every 20-30 minutes. Simultaneous interpreters are the highest cohort of professionals. It happens that simultaneous interpreters work without booths, sitting next to the receptor (i.e., for whom the translation is carried out). As a rule, this occurs at small business meetings. In this case, such a translation is called "whispering", because the interpreter literally whispers the translation in an undertone.
2) consecutive translation- the interpreter performs interpretation in the pauses of the speaker's speech, i.e. the speaker says a few sentences, falls silent and the interpreter translates everything that was said. The size of the translated segments of speech can vary greatly: the speaker can speak for a couple of minutes or more than 20-30 minutes. In the latter case, the interpreter makes written notes to help him reconstruct the entire speech, since such a large amount of information is difficult to keep in memory.
In practice, it happens that a translator needs to translate an audio clip (it is considered a written translation, because it is possible to stop or rewind the recording) or translate verbally from a sheet (this type of translation is considered oral, because the translator does not have the opportunity to return to the completed translation).
Written translation differs from oral translation in that no hard time limit. The translator can interrupt the translation process at any time, turn to dictionaries for help, consult with someone, or simply spend time thinking about the text to be translated. The translator has the opportunity to view the entire text, to catch the general meaning, to follow the logic of the narration. The "oralists" do not have such an opportunity - the text must be translated almost immediately, without the right to outside help. That is why an interpreter should be distinguished not only by a good knowledge of the language, but also by quick reaction, resourcefulness, and, of course, good diction. Interpreter has the right to adapt the translation: compress, shorten or, conversely, explain some parts of the translation, use facial expressions and gestures.
Written and oral translation also differ in that the "interpreter" is in contact with the one who carries out the speech and with those for whom this translation is carried out. A translator, as a rule, is a desk employee who does not get to know the source of the text and the addressee, i.e. here no interpersonal relationships.
Being able to communicate with the speaker and for whom the translation is intended has both positive and negative sides. From the pros: more interesting and dynamic work, new interesting and useful acquaintances, the environment can tell the translator what it is about, the experience of communicating with the speaker can also help in the work. Of the minuses: the speaker's speech can be illiterate, with an accent, fast, or vice versa monotonous. Feedback also allows something to be clarified, explained, however, this should not be abused.
(Department of English Philology №2)
1. The essence of translation as a type of communicative activity.
The history of the formation of translation studies
The first period - the period of antiquity (mainly interpretation)
The second - the period of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (exchange of religious knowledge; interpretation and translation)
The third is the period of enlightenment (creation of translation glossaries, mainly written translation)
Fourth - 19th century of industry and literature
Fifth - the 20th century, the heyday of translation activities, staff training, the emergence of translator training centers.
2. Interdisciplinary connections of translation studies as a scientific discipline.
Comparative linguistics delimits the levels of the language, establishes similarities and differences between the systems of two languages in the field of their sound structure, vocabulary and grammatical (syntactic) structure.
The TiPP deals with specific speech derivatives, therefore it does not consider units of different levels separately, but establishes the semantic commonality of two texts, regardless of the levels of the linguistic hierarchy.
Ethnolinguistics - studies the interaction of linguistic and ethnic factors in the process of the functioning of the language. Considers communication as an exchange of information between the resources of different ethnic groups (language communities) Translation is not only the contact of two languages, but also the contact of two cultures and ethnic groups (cultural translation)
Sociolinguistics - studies the interactions between language and the facts of social life in various areas depending on certain criteria (social status, corporate, age, gender, degree of proximity of communication, religious)
Linguistic geography - studies the territorial distribution and variability of various languages and their elements. In the process of translating the text, it is necessary to make the right choice of the variant of the translation language, taking into account the target audience.
Psycholinguistics - studies the interaction of linguistic and mental mechanisms. In the theory of translation, it gives an explanation of the internal organization of the translator's activity with an emphasis on the system of levels of the psychophysiological organization of translation mechanisms.
3. Types of translation activities.
The diversity of translation activities determines the distinction between three branches of the science of translation.
The general theory of translation studies the process of translation as a whole, regardless of the conditions for the implementation of translation, the genre of texts, contacting languages, and more. TO is engaged in the study of translation universals.
Private theory of translation - considers the specific features of translation activities associated with the specifics of the two contacting languages.
The special theory of translation deals with the scientific description of various types of translation, distinguished on the basis of a number of criteria:
Correlation between types of source language and target language
Genre specificity of stratification of texts.
1) According to the ratio of the types of the original language and the target language:
intralingual and interlingual.
diachronic (historical - translation into modern translation)
transposition (from one genre to another)
binary (translation from one natural language to another)
intersemiotic (from natural language to artificial)
traditional (human/manual translation)
machine translation
3) By the criterion of the translation unit
morphemic translation
word by word
phrase-by-phrase
paragraph-phrase
full text
4) On the basis of the primary / non-primary text of the original
direct/immediate
indirect/secondary (translation from translation)
reverse (experimental or educational translation of an already translated text into the source language)
5) By the stage of work on the text
working translation (a higher level in work on the original form)
translation - a sample (the text corresponds to the norm of the target language and is perceived as the original)
6) Based on the completeness and method of conveying the meaning of the original
full/full translation
incomplete
Abbreviated
Fragmentary
aspect
signal
annotating
abstract
7) According to the degree of professionalism of the performer
student translation
8) By genre
literary translation
scientific and technical translation
9) According to the form of presentation of the translation
written translation
written and oral translation (interpretation of a written text, carried out simultaneously with its reading, as a rule, without prior acquaintance with the original)
oral translation
Consistent
Synchronous
10) By the quality of the translation product
adequate
inadequate (free, literal)
There are two main classifications of types of translation:
- by the nature of the translated texts - connected with genre and stylistic features of the original
- by the nature of speech actions translator in the process of translation - linked to psycholinguistic features of speech actions in written and oral form.
Genre-stylistic classification:
Artistic (literary) translation - translation of works of fiction; a type of translation activity, the main task of which is to generate a speech work on the TL that can have an artistic and aesthetic impact on the PR.
Informative (special) translation is the translation of texts, the main function of which is to communicate some information, and not to have an artistic and aesthetic impact on the reader.
Literary translation
The mountain tops were hidden in a gray waste of sky... (A. Cronin)
The mountain tops sank into the gray sky. (Translated by M. Abkina)
Subtypes of literary translation:
poetry translation,
translation of plays,
Translation of satirical works,
Translation of fiction,
Translation of lyrics, etc.
Subspecies of informative translation:
Materials of scientific, business, socio-political, domestic and other nature.
Translation of many detective stories, travelogues, essays and similar works where informational narrative predominates.
Psycholinguistic classification - takes into account the way of perception of the original and creation of the translated text, subdivides translation activities into written translation and interpretation.
Written translation - a type of translation in which speech works combined in an act of interlingual communication (the original and the translated text) appear in the translation process in the form of fixed texts that the translator can repeatedly refer to.
This enables the translator to re-perceive segments of the translated text, compare them with the corresponding segments of the translation, make any necessary changes to the translation text before presenting the translation to the Receptor, i.e. before the completion of the translation process.
Oral translation - this is a type of translation in which the original and its translation appear in the translation process in an unfixed form, which predetermines the one-time perception of segments of the original by the translator and the impossibility of subsequent comparison or correction of the translation after it has been completed.
In oral translation, the creation of the translation text can occur either in parallel with the perception of the original, or after the perception of the original is completed. Accordingly, two subspecies of oral translation are distinguished: simultaneous translation and consecutive translation.
Simultaneous translation - this is a method of oral translation, in which the interpreter, listening to the speech of the speaker, almost simultaneously (with a slight delay of -2-3 seconds) pronounces the translation.
A variety of simultaneous translation is the so-called. "whispering" when the interpreter is placed next to the Receptor and tells him the translation in an undertone with or without headphones and a microphone.
Consecutive translation - This is a method of oral translation in which the interpreter begins to translate after the speaker has stopped speaking, having finished the whole speech or some part of it. The size of the translated segment of speech can be different: from a single statement to a text of a significant volume, which the speaker spoke for 20-30 minutes or more.
A special type of use of written text in interpreting is the so-called. “Sight translation”, when an interpreter orally translates a written original for Receptors without regard to any oral presentations, i.e. not in the process of translating the speaker's speech.
Differences between interpretation and translation
Time factor.
Uneven segments of the original.
The nature of communication with participants in interlingual communication.
Language ratio
- "two-way translation" - change of languages during translation.
Speech compression - deliberate compression of the text in the process of translation.
The need for compression is determined by the fact that the conditions of oral (especially simultaneous) translation do not always allow transferring the content of the original as fully as in written translation.
The article discusses in detail 6 types of money transfers according to 3 classification systems.
You will learn:
- what is a money transfer;
- what types and forms of transfers exist;
- What is the difference;
- who is involved in the transfer of funds;
- what you need to arrange the transfer of money;
- how much does it cost to send money;
- how long does the transfer take.
What it is
Before proceeding to the classification, it is necessary to consider the concept and forms of money transfer.
Money transfer is the movement (movement) of funds from the sender to the recipient with the participation of the payment system operator (transfer operator).
Forms of translation differ in purpose:
- Payment for goods or services;
- Transfer between individuals (individuals and legal entities).
The transfer process itself is called a transaction. In order to understand the structure of a money transfer, it is necessary to consider its participants.
Members
The structure of any money transfer, regardless of form, consists of 3 participants:
- The sender of funds;
- Recipient of funds;
- Intermediary or transfer operator.
A sender is a natural or legal person who sends funds. The natural or legal person to whom the money is transferred is called the recipient.
Transfer operator - an organization that transfers money:
- Commercial Bank;
- Non-profit organization, with a license to transfer funds;
- Central bank;
- Mail;
- National or international money transfer system.
Classification and types of money transfers
There are 3 main classifications of money transfers according to:
- Geography of funds movement
- internal
- external
- Having an account
- with account opening
- without opening an account
- Destination
- targeted
- unaddressed
External
External - these are transfers abroad.
They are characterized by the fact that they can be produced in foreign or national currencies.
- In the first case, national money is exchanged for the currency of the country to which they are transferred.
- In the second, the recipient himself exchanges the currency sent to him for the one he is going to use. For citizens of Central Asian countries whose residents work in Russia, external transfers are the main source of income.
Internal
With domestic money stays inside the country and does not go abroad. In some cases, for example, when establishing a single economic space on the territory of several countries, a transfer to another country is considered internal.
Video: Online is fast and economical
With account opening
To carry out this type of transaction, you need to open a current account with a bank or other credit institution and give an instruction to the bank (as a transfer operator) for the transaction. Opening an account is convenient if the transfer of funds occurs regularly (parents send money to a teenage student in another city).
A more convenient way for the same type of transfer is for the sender and recipient to use the same bank's debit or credit cards. From the card, the sender transfers money to the recipient's card without commission and with a minimum delay. The recipient will withdraw money from any ATM in the network.
The largest banks offer the option of two debit cards with different current accounts, but the same card account. In this case, the owner of the main card replenishes the additional current account to which another card is attached.
Without opening an account
Four translation options are available:
- by arbitrary details;
- under agreements with the organization;
- using one of the money transfer systems;
- by postal transfer.
Arbitrary transfer is available for individuals in any bank. To make it, you need to indicate the bank details and full name of the recipient of the transfer and indicate the amount to be transferred in the Application in the form of the bank transferring money. The bank will take commission according to the tariffs.
Transfer under contracts - payment for goods or services: legal, housing and communal services, cellular communications. If the bank (payment operator) has an agreement with a company whose services are paid for, then it will not charge a commission, or will charge a minimum.
Postal transfers (CyberMoney and Forsage) from Russian Post are available throughout the Russian Federation and CIS countries. In order to use the money transfer by mail, you need to take a passport to the post office (for non-residents of the Russian Federation - a migration visa), fill out the mail order form 112ef. The recipient must have a passport (migration visa) with him.
The essence of the work of money transfer systems is to deliver money to any part of the world where there is an appropriate service point, like at the post office. Some systems (Unistream, Contact) enter into agreements with legal entities so that the client pays for services (mobile communications, loans, utilities) of organizations using transfer systems.
Funds transfer terminals are located in banks or in places of quick public access (near the metro, in large supermarkets). They have a working mode: until 6 - 8 pm, with lunch and days off - this must be taken into account when sending funds. Like mail, such organizations charge a commission for transfers from the sender.
The peculiarity of transfers using such systems is that after the transfer, the money is available for receipt by an individual either at one specific point of issue, or at all at once.
Address
This is a type of transfer in which money is sent to a specific receiving and departure point.
The item is selected by the sender before sending the funds and is indicated in the transfer application. It is convenient if the recipient does not often change his position, and at any time he will come for the money.
Unaddressed
As well as address is available only between individuals. Money after sending becomes available for withdrawal at any point of service of the corresponding transfer system.
It is convenient if the recipient is on a business trip or on vacation abroad, often gets mixed up.
Commission terms and conditions
Which type of translation should you choose and in what situation?
In order to understand this, you need to know:
- commission charged by the operator for the type of transfer you need;
- how long does the money go from the sender to the recipient;
- where the recipient can pick up the money.
The type of bank transfer, considered on the example of Sberbank of Russia, as the most popular bank in the territory of the Russian Federation, postal transfer - the Forsage system, transfer using the transfer system - Western Union.
Bank
Sberbank of Russia provides translation services:
- on the territory of the Russian Federation;
- abroad;
- non-cash funds;
- cash;
- between your accounts.
Table. Transfers within Russia
| Type of bank transfer | Where | Transfer term | Commission | Where to translate | Where to get money |
| Between your accounts | To your city | instantly | 0% | Sberbank branch, ATM or network terminal, Sberbank online or mobile application | At a branch of Sberbank or at an ATM of the network |
| To another city | |||||
| From card to card | To your city | Instantly | 0% | ATM terminal, branch of Sberbank | |
| To another city | 1% | ATM, terminal, branch of Sberbank | ATM, terminal, branch of Sberbank | ||
| From account to card | To your city | 1-2 working days | 0% | Branch of Sberbank, Sberbank online | ATM, terminal, branch of Sberbank |
| To another city | |||||
| From card to account / from account to account | To your city | 1-2 working days | 0% | Sberbank Online | Sberbank branch |
| To another city | Branch of Sberbank | ||||
| Cash to cash | To your city | From 10 minutes to 2 working days | 1,75 | Branch of Sberbank | Branch of Sberbank |
| To another city | |||||
| Cash to account or card | To your city | 1 business day | Sberbank branch | ATM, terminal, savings bank branch. | |
| To another city |
Table. Transfers abroad
| Translation type | In what currency is the money transferred | Transfer term | Commission | Where to translate | Where to get | Restrictions |
| Cash to cash | Rubles | 2 business days | 2% min. 50 rub. Max. 2000 rub. | Sberbank branch | Up to $5,000 equivalent | |
| Foreign currency | 1% min. $15 Max. $200 | 5000 USD | ||||
| From account to account / from card to card | Rubles | 2 business days | 2% min. 50 rub. Max. 2000 rub. | Branch of Sberbank | The possibility of receiving is specified in the beneficiary's bank | No restrictions, but a document confirming the purpose of the payment is required |
| Foreign currency | 1% min. $15 Max. $200 |
Postal money orders in Russia are represented by the Forsage system. The name alludes to speed.
Types of transfers available within Fast & Furious:
- targeted;
- unaddressed;
- abroad;
- across Russia.
The transfer can be made if the sender's post offices support the afterburner system. .
The commission depends on the amount of the transfer. An international transfer can only be made to an outlet that supports Fast & Furious. .
Terms of international payments may vary depending on the destination: a complete list of terms of transfers.
Table. Translations of Fast & Furious
| Type of transfer | Amount (in rubles) | Transfer term | Commission (in rubles) |
| Address | Up to 3 thousand | No more than 1 hour | 150 |
| From 3 thousand to 7.5 thousand | 300 | ||
| From 7.5 thousand to 150 thousand | 1.7% of the transferred amount, not more than 2 thousand rubles | ||
| Unaddressed | Up to 3 thousand | Day | 99 |
| From 3 to 150 thousand. | 1.2% of the transferred amount, but not less than 149 and not more than 1 thousand rubles. | ||
| International | Up to 150 thousand | No more than 1 hour | 1.8% of the transferred amount, but not less than 149 |
Through the money transfer system
Western Union is one of the oldest money transfer systems in existence. Unlike Fast & Furious, Western Union money transfers reach: China, South Korea, the USA and any other country of near and far abroad. There is only one condition - the presence of a point for sending / receiving payments from Western Union.
The recipient comes to any Western Union branch, provides a passport and a unique code, and fills out an application for receiving money and leaves with a money parcel.
The terms of the transfer in any direction in the system are a few minutes, the transfer is stored for a month. Commission for transfers depends on the destination: China is more expensive than Moldova.
Table. Western Union transfers
| Shipping amount (in rubles) | Destination country | Commission (in rubles) |
| From 100 to 7.5 thousand | · Ukraine; · Belarus; · Georgia; · Kyrgyzstan; · Uzbekistan; · Kazakhstan; · Moldova; · Azerbaijan; · Turkmenistan. | 150 |
| More than 7.5 thousand | 2% of the transferred amount | |
| From 100 rubles to 25 thousand. | China (China); · Mongolia; · Taiwan; · Vietnam; · Hong Kong; | 250 |
| From 25 to 50 thousand | 500 | |
| 50 to 75 thousand | 800 | |
| More than 75 thousand | 1000 | |
| From 100 rubles to 2.5 thousand. | non-CIS countries except: China (China); · Mongolia; · Taiwan; · Vietnam; · Hong Kong; | 250 |
| From 2.5 to 5 thousand. | 500 | |
| From 5 to 10 thousand | 750 | |
| 10 to 15 thousand | 1000 | |
| 15 to 20 thousand | 1250 | |
| From 20 to 25 thousand | 1500 | |
| 25 to 30 thousand | 1778 | |
| 30 to 40 thousand | 2028 | |
| 40 to 50 thousand | 2278 | |
| 50 to 60 thousand | 2528 | |
| 60 to 75 thousand | 3028 | |
| From 100 rubles to 2.5 thousand. | Turkey | 250 |
| From 2.5 to 5 thousand. | 500 | |
| From 5 to 100 thousand | 1.5% of the transferred amount | |
| 100 thousand or more | 1% of the transferred amount | |
| From 100 rubles to 2.5 thousand. | · Czech Republic Estonia Israel | 250 |
| From 2.5 to 5 thousand. | 500 | |
| From 5 to 50 thousand | 2% of the transferred amount | |
| From 50 to 100 thousand | 1.5% of the transferred amount | |
| More than 100 thousand | 1% of the transferred amount |
From the article, you learned about 6 types of money transfers:
- Addressed and non-addressed;
- Domestic and international;
- With or without opening an account.
Examples of their mixing in three types of translations are given:
- Banking;
- postal;
- Through the payment system.
The conditions and options for each type are considered:
- Banking on the example of Sberbank transfers;
- Postal on the example of the Forsage system of the Russian Post;
- Through the payment system on the example of Western Union.
Sample documents required to be filled in when transferring funds are available via the links, information on tariffs and terms of transfers is in the tables.
Money transfers are a financial service that is in high demand among individuals. With its help, you can send money to another person, regardless of his location.
Plus, this way people can avoid the hassle of carrying large amounts of cash. After all, it is much cheaper and safer to send funds through a money transfer system than to carry them yourself or hire collectors.
There are many types of money transfers in the world today. Often, even in one bank, a client can be offered several systems at once to choose from. They differ from each other not only in the size of the commission, but also in such parameters as the speed of enrollment, the territory of action, the procedures for sending and enrolling.
In banking practice, the following classification of transfers is used:
- international - with their help you can send money from one country to another;
- national - operate only on the territory of one state;
- intrabank - you can receive money only in the financial institution through which the transfer was sent;
- cash - do not provide for the opening of a special account;
- non-cash - carried out only with the help of a bank account;
- currency - provide for the transfer of monetary units of other states (dollars, euros, etc.).
It should be noted that the monopoly of banks in the money transfer market is gradually disappearing. You can already send money through social networks, as well as using electronic wallets.
What do you need to send money
The initiator of the money transfer is the individual sender. In order to send money, he must provide the bank with a certain package of documents, which depends on his citizenship:
- Russians will need a passport or any other identification document (foreign passport, "military", etc.);
- foreigners need to bring a "native" passport or other document that is recognized in the Russian Federation, an identity document, a migration card, a document for the right to reside in the Russian Federation;
- a stateless person must apply for a residence permit in Russia and a document for the right to reside in the Russian Federation.
Transfer restrictions
To better understand what restrictions apply when sending money, you must first consider such concepts as a resident and a non-resident.
So, the first one is a citizen who lives and works in the state, pays taxes to the budget.
The second is an individual who operates in the territory of one country, but is registered and lives in another.
In accordance with domestic legislation, non-residents can transfer, without opening an account, both rubles and foreign currency within Russia and abroad without restrictions.
Residents, and these are in most cases our compatriots, can send no more than the ruble equivalent of 5,000 dollars in one day outside of Russia without opening an account.
Popular money transfer systems
The leaders in the number of transactions in the world are Western Union and MoneyGram.
Western Union
The main office of the company is located in the USA in Englewood (Colorado). The advantage of the system is a very extensive network of points of issue of transfers, which are located in more than 200 countries of the world. It is also convenient that you can send money using Western Union not only abroad, but also within the same country.
You can send money using the WU system in the following ways:
- online from www.westernunion.com;
- in the WU department;
- in the divisions of the Russian Post;
- using Internet banking (the service works only in Avangard and Uralsib banks);
- cash at the bank;
- through the Yandex.Money e-wallet.
The transaction fee depends on many factors, the main of which are: sending method, transfer amount, country of destination. A large number of points of issue of transfers contributes to the growth of popularity of Western Union in many countries of the world.
moneygram
It is the second most popular money transfer system in the world. Its central office is located in the USA, Dallas (Texas). Points of issue of money for Moneygram are present in more than 200 countries around the world. You can send money using it only in a bank branch.
The amount of the commission depends on the standard parameters: the amount and currency of the transaction, the country of destination.
It is also worth considering that sending more than $10,000 to Moneygram will not work.
Russian money transfer systems
On a national scale, the most popular systems are the following:
gold Crown
One of the largest transfer systems in Russia was established in 2003. Its participants are more than 550 banks, which are located not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also in the CIS countries, near and far abroad. In total, the system has about 60,000 service points in 36 countries.
The great importance of the system is evidenced by the fact that in 2013 it was included in the register of socially significant payment systems in Russia.
According to the international credit rating service S&P Global Ratings, it is the leader in the money transfer market in the CIS, and ranks third in the world in terms of the volume of transferred funds.
You can send money through the Golden Crown system:
- in divisions of financial institutions;
- in communication stores (for example, Svyaznoy);
- in the offices of system partners;
- online - using a mobile application or through a web interface www.koronapay.com
In addition, with the help of the Golden Crown, you can transfer money between payment cards, as well as repay loans from any bank in the Russian Federation.
CONTACT
One of the first transfer systems in Russia was created in 1999. Its partners are more than 900 Russian and international financial institutions. With this system, you can send money in the following ways:
- online via www.contact-sys.com;
- in cash from the point of transfer;
- from an account in any bank in Russia, EU, USA, Hong Kong and other countries;
- using a mobile phone;
- through terminals;
- using Internet banking, financial institutions partners of the Contact system;
- via Qiwi wallet.
Blizko
Another system that is on the list of socially significant. It was established in 2006 by Svyaz-bank. With its help, you can send money within the Russian Federation, as well as to other countries only in the three most popular currencies: rubles, dollars, euros. The system network consists of 36,000 points, including all divisions of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Russian Post.
It is worth considering that you can send money only at bank branches and post offices. Blizko also makes transfers between payment cards and from mobile numbers (Beeline, MegaFon, MTS).
hummingbird
is one of the youngest systems in Russia. It was established in 2013 by the flagship of the banking system - Sberbank. With its help, you can send money only within Sberbank, including within its divisions that are located abroad.
The system works only with three standard currencies: national, dollars and euros. The amount of transfers is limited:
- ruble equivalent of 5 thousand dollars for residents;
- ruble equivalent of 10 thousand dollars for non-residents.
It is possible to make a transfer only at Sberbank branches.
Unistream money transfers
It was established in 2001 by the bank of the same name. In February 2015, it received the status of nationally significant. Its partners are more than 450 financial institutions from around the world, and the number of points of issue of money reaches 333.5 thousand.
You can send money using Unistream:
- from the official website https://online.unistream.ru/ using a payment card of any Russian bank;
- in any subdivision of the system agent.
Unistream has a restriction - you can not send more than 100 thousand rubles. Regarding currencies, you can transfer in any monetary unit.
Money transfers Leader
It was established in April 2003. This money transfer network is present in 132 countries, cooperates with more than 500 financial institutions and has about 130,000 points of issue. With its help, you can make transfers only in three main currencies: national, dollars and euros.
You can send a transfer in the Leader system:
- in the partner's department;
- online from the official website https://leadermt.ru;
- using Leader terminals (more than 4.5 thousand pieces);
- using the Leader Digital mobile app.
The Leader system also replenishes payment cards, accepts utility payments and pays for services of state institutions, monthly payments on loans.
Money transfer system in social networks
Significant competition to standard banking products is beginning to come from money transfers, which are carried out by companies that have not previously positioned themselves in the market with the provision of financial services. We are talking about sending money using social networks.
For example, VKontakte started making money transfers in September 2016. carried out by VTB24 Bank.
With the help of payment cards issued by banks in Russia or Kazakhstan, you can send a transfer to a card of any bank from 17 countries of the world. However, it is worth considering that the amount of one transfer is limited to an amount from 100 to 75 thousand rubles, while you cannot send more than 150 thousand rubles per day and no more than 600 thousand rubles per month. The service is paid and depends on the tariffs of the issuing bank and the type of payment card.
What to choose
You can send money transfers using any payment system, there are enough of them today. However, which one is better to use depends on many factors: the transfer fee, the speed of receipt, the complexity of sending, the list of currencies, the availability of pickup points, and current restrictions. All this must be taken into account when choosing a translation system.
Also, do not forget that money transfers within Russia are highly competitive with payments between bank cards. After all, their replenishment is essentially a similar operation, which also allows another person to receive the necessary amount of money, regardless of his location.
Moreover, sometimes making a card and paying a commission for services is much cheaper than regularly using money transfers.
Well, there is no need to discount the rapidly gaining popularity of electronic wallets and transfer systems through social networks, which can attract a significant part of banking customers.
Alexander Babin
