Hello dear!
Today is the day of military intelligence and I simply categorically could not pass by this holiday. I have 2 posts about military special forces: and. I planned to write about similar Russian units in a week, but if today is such a day, then even in an abbreviated form, it would be better to publish it today, since "a spoon is expensive for dinner." Of course, I understand perfectly well that army intelligence and army special forces are not synonymous at all, but, nevertheless, they have much more in common than different. So the post, it seems to me, will be quite on topic.
Where do we start? Of course, congratulations! I heartily congratulate all those involved - both honored veterans and active soldiers! Guys, you have a difficult, complex, maybe not always revered and low-paid, but very important and necessary job for the country. You are the eyes, hands, and sometimes the brain of the state. Patience to you, strength and courage! "There are only stars above us!"
The only way!
Army special forces of Russia, which naturally became the successor of the Special Forces of the Soviet Union. The special forces of the USSR, in my firm conviction, in terms of their training and selection of personnel, were, if not the best in the world in general, then definitely included in the 3 most-most. The entire army special forces of the USSR could be confidently divided into 4 groups. The first can be attributed to the special forces in the USSR Armed Forces. Each division (well, or almost each) had its own reconnaissance battalion (reconnaissance battalion). In the reconnaissance battalion, one of the companies was supposed to be engaged in deep reconnaissance. So in this company, one of the platoons was just spetsnaz. This is the intelligence elite of the entire division. But this is, so to speak, the grassroots, the first level of military intelligence. The second group is the Spetsnaz of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Special Forces of the GRU of the USSR Armed Forces. These parts are best known thanks to series and books, the first of which was the famous "Aquarium" by V. Suvorov - Rezun. The SpN GRU included 14 separate special-purpose brigades (OBrSpN) and 2 separate training regiments, that is, one of the structural units for each Military District. Well, plus 2 military institutions that trained officers of the army special forces: the 9th company of the Ryazan airborne school and the intelligence department of the Military Academy. Frunze. 
special forces of the GRU of the General Staff "beyond the river"
The third group is the Special Forces of the Navy (Special Forces of the Navy). The main resource is the 17th separate naval brigade of the Special Forces of the Black Sea Fleet, plus separate units in each of the fleets and flotillas, called reconnaissance points (RP). There was also a special group of naval saboteurs "Dolphin", but it was not subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, but to the GRU. Just like a special detachment of divers under the Vympel detachment, it carried out the orders of the leadership of the State Security Committee.
And finally, the 4th group, these are the so-called Interdepartmental units. For a certain time, for a certain task, a detachment was formed from fighters of various special forces, both army and KGB (Alpha, Vympel, Zenith, Omega) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. 
Special forces of the Navy (Spetsnaz of the Navy)
Naturally, with the collapse of a single state, collapsed, a single system of training and selection of neophytes, as well as a single material and technical base. Each of the states that emerged on the territory of the former Soviet Union was vitally interested in snatching its piece from the formerly most powerful army in the world, therefore, the Spetsnaz units and bases were distributed in accordance with the Belovezhskaya agreements. So, for example, the 10th separate battalion of Spetsnaz, based in the Crimea, was transformed into the 1st parachute regiment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the 5th brigade became part of the Armed Forces of Belarus, and the 15th, 459th special company and special purpose training regiment - Armed Forces of Uzbekistan. As the ancient Chinese said - "God forbid you live in an era of change." As a result of the long collapse of the armed forces, many soldiers and officers of the Spetsnaz were forced to leave the service, fleeing the total lack of money, uselessness and incomprehensibility of tasks. But fortunately, the army special forces survived and, as the practice of recent conflicts shows, is ready, as before, to act effectively and with lightning speed. 
One of the legends of the Russian Army Special Forces A. Lebed with a brother in arms in Poti, after a special operation
In the armed forces of the Russian Federation, at the moment, army special forces are divided into:
1. Spetsnaz GRU
2. Special Forces of the Ground Forces
3. Navy Special Forces
4. Marine Special Forces
Let's start with the Airborne Forces. Uncle Vasya's troops, as Russian paratroopers are often called (in honor of General V. Margelov), belong to a special type of troops - rapid response, designed to cover the enemy by air and conduct combat and sabotage operations in his rear. In other words, all formations of the Airborne Forces as part of the armed forces of the Russian Federation can, with some stretch, be called army special forces. Today, there are 4 divisions in the Airborne Forces:
98th Guards Svirskaya Red Banner Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class Airborne Division (Ivanovo)
106th Guards Tula Airborne Division (Tula)
76th Guards Chernigov Red Banner Airborne Assault Division (Pskov)
7th Guards Air Assault (Mountain) Division (Novorossiysk)
1st Brigade: 31st Separate Airborne Assault Brigade (Ulyanovsk) and one regiment: 45th Separate Guards Reconnaissance Order of Kutuzov Order of Alexander Nevsky Special Purpose Regiment of the Airborne Troops. (Kubinka). This very regiment is the elite of the elites within the Airborne Forces. Here, according to their training, his fighters can, without any doubt, be called the Army Special Forces of the Airborne Forces. 
chevron 45th Separate Guards Reconnaissance Order of Kutuzov Order of Alexander Nevsky Special Purpose Regiment of the Airborne Troops
The same thing as about the Airborne Forces can be said about the unit of the Marine Corps of Russia. The tasks set by the leadership, as well as the division of fighters and commanders, give the right to rank the marines, and the army special forces. As part of the Marine Corps 3 brigades
336th Separate Guards Bialystok Orders of Suvorov and Alexander Nevsky Marine Corps Brigade (Baltiysk)
810th Separate Marine Brigade (Sevastopol)
155th Separate Marine Brigade (Vladivostok)
2 shelves:
3rd Separate Twice Red Banner Krasnodar-Kharbin Marine Corps Regiment (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky)
61st Separate Kirkines Red Banner Marine Corps Regiment (Sputnik settlement)
And 2 battalions:
382nd Separate Marine Battalion (Temryuk)
727th Guards Separate Marine Corps Battalion (Astrakhan). The 382nd separate battalion of the Marine Corps (382 obmp) is tacitly considered the special forces of the Moscow Infantry. 
Russian Marines
The special forces of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation consists of 3 separate assault brigades
11th separate airborne assault brigade (Ulan-Ude)
56th Separate Guards Airborne Assault Order of the Patriotic War Don Cossack Brigade (Kamyshin)
83rd separate airborne assault brigade (Ussuriysk)
And the Special Forces of the Navy consists of 2 large structural units - naval reconnaissance points, which are under the joint control of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy and the 8th Directorate (former 14th) of the GRU of the General Staff and special detachments to combat underwater sabotage forces and means (abbreviated as OOB PDSS).
Naval reconnaissance points 4, one for each fleet:
Northern Fleet: 420th naval reconnaissance point (Polyarny);
Pacific: 42nd naval reconnaissance point (Russian Island);
Chernomorsky: 431st naval reconnaissance point (Tuapse);
Baltic: 561st naval reconnaissance point (Sailing settlement)
Detachments to combat submarine sabotage forces and means were created near the bases of nuclear submarines, as well as large fleet formations. There are currently 8 of them:
160th OOB PDSS (Vidyaevo, Northern Fleet);
269th OOB PDSS (Gadzhiyevo, Northern Fleet);
313 OOB PDSS (settlement Sputnik, Northern Fleet);
311th OOB PDSS (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Pacific Fleet)
313th OOB PDSS (Baltiysk, Baltic Fleet);
473rd OOB PDSS (Kronstadt, Baltic Fleet);
102nd OOB PDSS (Sevastopol, Black Sea Fleet)
159th OOB PDSS (Pavlovsk, Pacific Fleet) 
Submarine base in Vidyaevo
Well, the most famous army special forces are, without a doubt, the GRU Spetsnaz. Supervises the army special forces within the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff 8 department (former 14). Before the 2009 reform, the GRU had approximately 14 brigades and two training regiments. At the moment, there are 5 brigades and one battalion left:
- 2nd separate GRU special-purpose brigade (Promezhitsy village, Poskovskaya region, Leningrad Military District) consisting of: brigade department, 70th separate detachment of Special Forces, 177th separate detachment of Special Forces, 329th separate detachment of Special Forces, 700- th separate detachment of Special Forces, school of junior specialists, detachment of special radio communications, logistics company (MTO).
- 10th separate brigade of the GRU special purpose (settlement of Molkino, Krasnodar Territory, North Caucasian Military District) consisting of: brigade control, 85th separate detachment of Special Forces, 95th separate detachment of Special Forces, 104th separate detachment of Special Forces, 551st separate detachment of Special Forces, 107th separate detachment of Special Forces, 4th separate training battalion, MTO company. 
badges of the GRU special forces and the GRU of the General Staff of the Russian Federation
16th Separate GRU Special Forces Brigade (Tambov, Moscow Military District): Brigade Directorate, 273rd Separate Special Forces Detachment, 370th Separate Special Forces Detachment, 379th Separate Special Forces Detachment, 664th Separate Special Forces Detachment, 669 th separate detachment of Special Forces, MTO company.
- 22nd separate guards brigade of the GRU special purpose (settlement of Stepnoy, Rostov region, North Caucasian Military District) consisting of: brigade control, 108th separate detachment of Special Forces, 173rd separate detachment of Special Forces, 305th separate detachment of Special Forces , 411th separate detachment of Special Forces, 56th separate training detachment of Special Forces, MTO company.
- 24th separate special forces brigade of the GRU (Irkutsk, Siberian Military District): brigade department, 281st separate detachment of Special Forces, 641st separate detachment of Special Forces, separate detachment of Special Forces, detachment of special radio communications, separate company of special mining, company of logistics .
And
- 216th Separate GRU Special Purpose Battalion (Moscow, Moscow Military District).
In addition, the 100th separate reconnaissance brigade and the 25th special-purpose regiment are being formed.
Once again - Happy Holidays!
On November 13, 1918, the first radio intelligence unit was created as part of the Registration Department - a receiving and control station in Serpukhov, its head was Kh. Ivanov. And in the 30s. radio intelligence gained independence - its units were withdrawn from communications units and transferred to the Intelligence Department of the Red Army Headquarters, where they organized a radio intelligence department.
Special Purpose Units - perform the tasks of radio and electronic intelligenceOn November 13, 1918, the first radio intelligence unit was created as part of the Registration Department - a receiving and control station in Serpukhov, its head was Kh. Ivanov. And in the 30s. radio intelligence gained independence - its units were withdrawn from communications units and transferred to the Intelligence Department of the Red Army Headquarters, where they organized a radio intelligence department. He led separate special-purpose divisions (ORD OSNAZ), which during the Great Patriotic War became the main organizational unit of radio intelligence.
It is known that just before the start of the war, an order was received to staff 16 OSNAZ radio divisions. In November 1942, the field departments of the special service and the OSNAZ radio station were accepted into the internal troops from the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Red Army. They were reorganized into separate divisions of the special services, the central and separate radio stations of the NKVD troops. They were entrusted with the tasks of reconnaissance of the air, the implementation of radio interception, encrypted radio correspondence, preliminary processing of this data from radio networks and individual radio points.
After the end of the war, the field of activity of radio intelligence increased significantly - they began to conduct it not only from land, but also from the sea and air. When M. Zakharov was the head of the GRU, the OSNAZ radio divisions were united into larger structures. And under S. Shtemenko, the GRU began to carry out active research work to find ways to access sources using the VHF and microwave bands. In addition, under him, a nuclear explosions intelligence service appeared in the GRU, it was headed by A. Ustimenko.
In 1954, a special surveillance department of the 2nd department of the GRU was created; on the basis of the OSNAZ radio divisions, radio engineering detachments subordinate to it were formed. In May 1955, the radio intelligence department of the GRU was reorganized into the 6th Directorate of the GRU. In 1957, the General Staff issued a directive on the transfer of the GRU Special Surveillance Department with 4 subordinate radio engineering detachments to the 6th Directorate of the Ministry of Defense.
However, radio intelligence began to be used most fully from the beginning of the 60s, when P. Ivashutin was appointed head of the GRU. With his direct participation, large-scale comprehensive programs for the development of promising areas of radio intelligence - land, sea, air and space were implemented. Among those who supervised these works, one can name P. Kostin, V. Kostryukov, E. Kolokov, P. Shmyrev and others.
Before the collapse of the USSR, OSNAZ detachments were subordinate to the 1st radio intelligence department of the 6th GRU directorate. This department led the so-called OSNAZ units that were part of the military districts and groups of Soviet troops in Hungary, the GDR, Poland and Czechoslovakia. Under the leadership of the radio intelligence department, OSNAZ performed the functions of intercepting messages from the communication networks of foreign countries - objects of radio intelligence surveillance by the GRU.
There is an opinion that in Soviet times, almost all the offspring of "people's leaders" served in OSNAZ units. We publish an excerpt from an article by our partner Belorusskaya Delovaya Gazeta:
“... The statements of some military men that hazing is ineradicable, because it is rooted in a “citizen”, in OSNAZ, to put it mildly, were devoid of any meaning. Here, this hazing, even in its rampant, which fell on the 70-80s, was not. There was only a certain tradition of dividing into "spirits", "fighters", "scoops" and "grandfathers". And the days were still counting down. Things never went beyond these innocent pranks, and even those were carefully hidden from the officers. Of course, as in any human community, sometimes small conflicts arose between the soldiers. Fights, drinking and other violations of discipline were stopped in the bud. And if someone had a bruise under the eye, then no more than once every two or three years. And this, I dare to assure you as a former employee of this very unit, was a real state of emergency. Dismissal - every weekend. On Friday evening, black Volgas drove up and took overgrown kids to eat homemade pies.
Operational duty with listening to enemy frequencies should be discussed separately. Imagine a large hall where about three dozen powerful radios and about fifteen tape recorders are located in two rows. For each post, where two or three soldiers are on duty in turn, there are two radio receivers and one tape recorder. The officers are located in the "aquarium" (glass room) and look after all this economy from the outside.
What do soldiers do on duty? Of course, they listen to the frequencies in order to catch the negotiations of some NATO aircraft with the ground or the broadcast of the NATO headquarters station in Brussels. But this is in the first six months. Then the “enemy voices” became the main object of observation: Seva Novgorodtsev, the radio station “Freedom” and the abyss of various musical channels of the “decaying West”. A huge antenna field, located right outside the duty room window, made it possible to “catch by the tail” almost any wave. The first and second "categories" of military personnel in those years "dragged" mainly from "heavy metal".
Listening to music and especially "enemy voices" was strictly prohibited, but it was not possible to keep track of this. While the officer was leaving the "aquarium", while getting to the post in order to check the soldier, he had already managed to change the frequency ten times. By the way, one of the reasons why the “golden youth” was taken to OSNAZ, I think, was precisely the opportunity to listen to everything that your heart desires. The children of ministers and party leaders were the most persistent guys in this regard. They felt quite at ease under socialism and, of course, did not succumb to hostile propaganda.
"Rumourers" in OSNAZ are those who are sitting on the interception of enemy radio stations operating on the Morse Code. These posts were filled mainly by conscripts of the third and fourth "categories of importance." It seems to a person from the outside that learning Morse code is quite difficult. All these dots, dashes - is it possible to catch an unimaginable number of their combinations. It is possible, and the army has long had an effective system for their assimilation. This system is based on melodic and associative perception of surrounding sounds. For example, the letter "a" sounds: "ay-daa", and the number "4" - "chet-ve-re-ti-kaa". Sometimes a stream of dots and dashes is transformed into an unthinkably confusing phrase, which only real "hearers" are able to understand.
"Microphones" are those who catch the conversation of the pilots of NATO aircraft, which is no longer in Morse code, but in ordinary English. These posts were in the most privileged position, and mainly recruits of the first and second "categories" fell here. By the way, in 1988, when Gorbachev began the mass disarmament of the Soviet Army, the "microphones" that interact with the air defense system were transferred to combat duty. This measure was dictated by the increased interest of NATO reconnaissance aircraft in the territory of the USSR. In 1988, one of the "microphones" even managed to intercept the conversation of a similar aircraft, requesting permission from the command to enter the airspace of the Soviet Union. The insolent man was immediately located and handed over to the air defense system for inspection, and the valiant "microphone" received a nominal watch as a gift from the command.
"BP", as well as "rumors", were recruited from the third and fourth "categories" of conscripts. The difference was that those who could not master the Morse code became "Bepashniks". "BP" are "trills" of various encrypted sounds, like those that we hear while sending a fax. No special skills were required in mastering this military profession, and therefore, among the hierarchy of radio interceptors, she occupied the very last place.
"Sugar" service was at direction finders. Bearing points were located not only in the part we are describing, but also throughout the vast territory of the former USSR. These are small divisions of 10-20 people with a quiet homely atmosphere inside. They were located somewhere in the field and were actually controlled only by lieutenants, who treated the soldiers as if they were brothers. Almost all "categories" of conscripts fell into direction finders. But there was one feature. The OSNAZ command often sent soldiers prone to violating military discipline to distant points, and therefore no one particularly sought to go there, assuming that complete chaos reigns there. Only years later, when the direction finders met with their former colleagues, it suddenly became clear that the far point was not even bad at all ... ”.
The formation of the group on the cruiser began when a new staff of cruiser control was introduced. The group was small in terms of staffing: 13 people, including 4 officers (group commander and 3 operators), 1 midshipman (team foreman), 8 foremen and sailors of military service. For the first time in the history of OSNAZ ship groups, officers were included in the composition - operators, whose daily functions and duties were not defined either in the Ship Charter or in any of the governing documents. The special functions of the group as a whole were defined and strictly regulated by the orders of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy and the Commander of the Fleet. The second similar group at the same time was formed in the Pacific Fleet at the Admiral Sinyavin KRU. Subsequently, OSNAZ groups with a similar staff were organized on Project 1143 aircraft-carrying cruisers ("Kyiv" and "Minsk").
Organizationally, the group was included in the 1st communications division BCh-4, and since 1979, in connection with the formation of the combat control unit (BC-7), the group became part of the reconnaissance and electronic warfare division. The residential cockpit, which housed the l / s of the group, was No. 1. No special privileged conditions were created for the group on the ship.
The personnel of the group strictly observed the rules of security measures and the preservation of confidential information that was not subject to public disclosure. The combat posts of the group were located - one between officer cabins No. 9 (headquarters) and No. 11 (commander of BCh-4) in the starboard officer corridor on the forecastle ("senior officer's corridor"), this was the post BP-29, and the second (BP-30 ) on the 6th platform of the foremast.
Of the technical means, the posts were equipped with regular communication radio receivers in the LW, MW, HF and VHF bands, a T-60 teletype for receiving start-stop signals, M-64 tape recorders and a HF radio direction finder "Vizir". The antenna economy was its own, not connected with the BCH-4 posts. The antenna switch was located in the post room. The personnel were trained and independently selected the antennas necessary for effective operation. Above all ship antennas on the foremast was the antenna frame of the Vizir radio direction finder.
The first commander of the group in the summer of 1970 was appointed after the school, Lieutenant Pyotr Loboda, thanks to whom combat posts were technically competently equipped with special equipment and conditions were created for keeping combat watches. However, he remained commander for a short time, after the return of the cruiser from Severomorsk, he was removed from his post for some politically unseemly motives and transferred to serve in the training detachment named after. Admiral Oktyabrsky.
a group of officers and midshipmen BCh-4 1972, Petr Loboda, far right
Art. Lieutenant V.Leonov
Lieutenants A. Lisafin, V. Katzin and O. Gavrilenko after leaving Toulon in 1975
captain 3rd rank O. Gavrilenko with subordinates in Messina 1976
The first operators in the group in the summer of 1971 were graduates of the school, lieutenants Gavrilenko O.V., Kolpakov Yu.V. and Leonov V.M. The operators, having no direct subordination of the personnel, were actively used by the cruiser command as watch officers at anchor, heads of garrison patrols. In addition, according to V.M. Plus, on an incredible scale, elementary theft from the officer's galley was observed by sailors-year-olds. To restore order, operators, like visible loafers, were appointed on duty for the safety of cutlets and chicken legs. By the way, the problem was positively solved. Kolpakov Yura showed special integrity in this mission. On the occasion of the inappropriate and inefficient use of himself as a security guard for cutlets, Vladimir Leonov complained during his internship to the head of fleet intelligence, Rear Admiral Khurs Ivan Kuzmich, who, laughing to tears, made a strong-willed decision to send Leonov to combat service on the EM "Flaming".
Name list of the group for the period of service in the seventies
(compiled from memory) is presented in the following table:
| Full Name | Years of service | |
| Group commanders | Loboda Petr Leonov Vladimir Mikhailovich Kattsin Vladimir Mikhailovich Cherniavsky Yuvanen Dmitry |
1970-1972 1972-1977 1977-1979 1980-1981 1981- |
| Operators | Leonov Vladimir Mikhailovich Gavrilenko Oleg Vasilievich Kolpakov Yuri Abramtsev Valery Lisafin Alexander Ivanovich Kattsin Vladimir Mikhailovich Shpak Alexander Pavlovich Velichko Pokrovsky |
1971-1972 1971-1976 1971-1972 1973-1974 1973-1976 1974-1977 1977-1978 1980- 1980-1981 |
| Team Chief | Kononchuk Alexander Ivanovich Drizhak Yuri Ivanovich |
1974- 1975- |
| Radiotelegraphers | Kononchuk Alexander Ivanovich Sokolov Nikolay Gatsyuk Oleg Chugai Petr Vladimirovich two Popov Vladimir Nikolaevich (both of the same call, both full namesakes, both of the same VUS, distinguished their only places of conscription - one from Yalta, the second from Kyrgyzstan, so they were called: "Popov Yalta" and "Popov Kirghiz") Pazinich Alexander Vasilievich Lysikov Vilen Yurievich Zhukov Valery Alexandrovich Shelin Nikolay Nikolaevich Krivoruchenko Oleg Nikolaevich Voloshchuk Taras Valerievich Shutov Gennady Petrovich Biryukov Nikolai Anatolievich Vavilov Igor Mikhailovich Prishchak Ivan Vasilievich Kishishev Lebedev Dmitry Borisovich Patrikeev Viktor Mikhailovich Sirenko |
1971-1974 1972-1975 1972-1975 1972-1975 1973-1976 1973-1976 |
In the pictures - the foreman of the team A. Kononchuk, the staffers N. Sokolov, O. Gatsyuk, together with friends of the BC-4 radio relayers - Ambartsumyan, Oganyan, Kurdanin. In Messina in 1976 - I. Vavilov, N. Biryukov, I. Prishchak and others.
No one except the commander of the ship had the right to enter the premises of the combat posts of the group. In 1974, there was a case when, at one of the shipboard damage control exercises, the senior assistant commander, at that time captain 2nd rank Shakun A.M. tried to enter the premises of post No. 29 with a check. On his way, not afraid, stood the commander of the group Leonov V.M. and did not miss it, explaining the requirements of the orders of the Commander-in-Chief and the Commander of the Black Sea Fleet on the mode of combat posts of the group. The reaction of the first mate was indescribable ... he convulsively swallowed air, stamped his feet, swaying on straight legs from side to side and back and forth, and lamented loudly: “... well, lieutenants, well, canaries, well -y, I’ll check you up and teach you to love the first mate, you are still gray, like a fireman’s pants ... etc. ” They fulfilled their “promises”, at the subsequent shipboard exercise, when working out measures to eliminate the consequences of the use of chemical weapons, specialists of the chemical service organized a “chemical attack” through the included supply ventilation at post No. 29, gas was launched. Fortunately, everything worked out, no one was hurt, the personnel managed to jump out of the room. I do not know how to evaluate these actions of the obstinate first mate. Think like ill-considered and immature.
In the future, the first mate did not make any attempts to visit the posts of the group, and the personnel did not provoke him for any checks. I also do not remember cases when officers or sailors of other ship units entered the post. The special activity of the group always began with the entry of the ship into combat service. While at the base, in order not to lose their qualifications, the personnel of the group were involved in internships in the reconnaissance units of the fleet. When KRU "Zhdanov" was in long-term repairs, the group was sent to combat services on other ships of the fleet:
- in 1972 Leonov V.M. with a group he served in combat service on the flagship of the 150 OBRK squadron destroyer "Flaming" with the brigade commander captain 1st rank Ushakov A.P. on board,
- in 1974, Abramtsev Valery with part of the group during the Cyprus crisis was transferred from the cruiser to the EM "Flaming"
- in 1977 Katzin V.M. with the group carried out eight-month combat service on the Active SKR with the headquarters of the 70th brigade on board with the brigade commander captain 1st rank Galantsev,
- in 1978 and 1979 Katzin V.M. with a group went to combat service on the Admiral Golovko RKR with the headquarters of the 150th brigade on board with the brigade commander captain 1st rank Korneichuk V.A.,
There was a peculiar ritual of opening special watches when the ship entered combat service, which consisted in reading out the order of the Black Sea Fleet Headquarters to the ship for reconnaissance by the group commander, issuing personal tasks to deployed combat posts, personnel were distributed by shifts and by posts. In the group, the continuity of generations was very clearly traced, mentoring was necessarily established over the youth, which allowed young sailors to be prepared for independent watchkeeping in the shortest possible time.
With the acceptance on board the headquarters of the 5th squadron, the officers of the group began to carry out daily duty at the headquarters of the squadron's reconnaissance. In those years, the head of intelligence of the squadron was the most experienced scout captain 1st rank Miloserdov G., and his deputy captain 2nd rank Sleptsov. During this period, the group was reinforced by additional personnel of the OSNAZ headquarters group, which, along with the ship group, carried special watches.
When the ship passed the narrowness of the ship's timetable, the officers of the group were painted on the PKZD optical instruments and carried out visual reconnaissance.
When calling at foreign ports, by order of the chief of staff of the 5th squadron, the watch at the posts of the group was temporarily closed. For all the years of my service on the cruiser, the group and the ship as a whole have always received only excellent marks for conducting reconnaissance in combat services. Particularly memorable were the episodes of the ship performing the tasks of the ship for direct tracking of the multi-purpose aircraft carrier "America" and, in general, tracking the air strike group in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Thanks to the information obtained by the group, tracking was carried out continuously without loss of contact. During that period, the most intense days were for the officers and personnel of the group. The group commander Vladimir Leonov, without sleep and rest, processed the information obtained by the posts, prepared and presented to the squadron command schemes for practicing tactical techniques by carrier-based aircraft and ships of the aircraft carrier group, building orders when working out various special tasks and degrees of readiness, compiled reports and reports. Due to the high intensity of work of personnel in combat services, shifts at combat posts were carried out continuously according to a 2-shift schedule, which did not allow even a full sleep. The group commander Leonov V. addressed personally to A.M. Shakun and asked to allow the personnel to rest in the daytime, but was refused. It was necessary to illegally place sailors in cabins for sleep or hide them in the cockpit between mattresses.
Difficulties in the work of the group, oddly enough, were introduced by our colleagues in the combat part of communications. The fact is that the operation of the ship's radio transmitters created huge interference with the operation of radio receivers, the frequency harmonics of the transmitters clogged the inputs of the radio receivers, we called this effect "sewing of radio transmitters." These effects could also be heard during broadcast broadcasts over the ship.
The overall assessment of the ship for combat services was formed, including from the assessments for reconnaissance activities.
With all the appearance of the well-being of the special activities of the group in operational terms, the organizational side of the service on the cruiser was rather difficult. This situation always happens when the special results of the group's work were not advertised and were not available to a wide range of people, and, for example, the cleaning of the chief mate's latrine was always in sight.
In the picture - senior lieutenant Trofimov, sailor Prishchak and foreman 2nd article Biryukov in the city patrol.
Officers of the group received special punishments from the chief mate for poor-quality tidying up of selected objects: the corridor of the chief mate, including his latrine and the flagship corridor. On one of the days a record was set - the officers of the group received 13 reprimands. The only advantage of being close to the flagship was friendly relations with the commander's cook, who periodically cooked us fried potatoes as a snack.
There were other "tacks" of the officers of the group. So during the period of factory repairs in 1977, Lieutenant Shpak Alexander Pavlovich served as an operator in the group, who, according to the yoga program, stood on his head in the cabin for an hour a day, motivating this by detente, the ship’s political officer E. Belousov caught him doing this. Shakun A.M. there was a convincing argument to commemorate this circumstance as Leonov V.'s inability to lead the group.
However, despite the negative aspects, according to the results of military services in 1974-1976. group commander Leonov V.M. in 1976 he was presented and awarded the Order "For Service to the Motherland in the USSR Armed Forces" 3rd degree.
Me for the excellent performance of the tasks of military services, as well as for the exemplary performance of official duties, commander Shakun A.M. in 1979 he presented for awarding the order of the same name, for which he is very grateful. But the submission was “stuck” at the headquarters of the brigade, was not signed by the head of the political department, captain 1st rank V.P. . The personnel of the group were encouraged by short-term home leave, some sailors and foremen went on vacation several times for their service.
The OSNAZ ship group was in good standing with the command of the intelligence department of the Black Sea Fleet. During the assessment of special activities, as well as during the competitions held by the OSNAZ Center among the personnel of ship groups, our group took only the first places among the OSNAZ groups of the fleet.
In the pictures - the commander of the group Art. Lieutenant Katzin accompanies I. Prishchak on board the Active Investigative Committee, 1977. On a business trip to the TFR "Active" - Osmalovsky, D. Lebedev, I. Vavilov, N. Biryukov, I. Prishchak, Ozerny, Art. Lieutenant V. Kattsin with his subordinate Patrikeyev on board the Active RC in Tunisia 1977, I. Vavilov and N. Biryukov are also there, the New Year is coming soon - with "Christmas trees" - V. Zhukov, Taras Voloshchuk, O. Krivoruchenko.
Sometimes it was necessary to solve unusual tasks, such as providing materials to foreign news agencies, representatives of the special propaganda department of the political department of the fleet who were on board, as well as political workers on the Active Investigative Committee with a tape recording in 1977 of the text of the new constitution, which was broadcast by broadcast radio stations in the HF band. But these were exceptions to the rule.
Captain 2nd Rank V. M. Katzin
The article uses photographs of "Zhdanovites" - V. Arapova (2), N. Biryukov (6), V. Bushuev (2), A. Kononchuk, V. Kattsin (4), V. Leonov (2), A. Melnik , I. Prishchak, Vit. Kostrichenko from Sevastopol (2), Benj Gluk, V. Rezvushkin and the Internet.
At the beginning of 1952, the head of intelligence, in one of his appeals to the Minister of the Navy and the head of the MGSH of the Navy, wrote:
"one. Create ... VR reconnaissance and sabotage units, giving them the name of separate naval reconnaissance divisions (OMRD).
Formation is carried out in the following sequences:
. At the Black Sea Fleet and 4th Navy - in 1953
On the Northern Fleet, 5 and 8 Navy - in 1954
At the 7th Navy and KF - in 1955.
In June 1953, the GRU of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces decided to form seven special-purpose marine reconnaissance points (MRP SpN). The first of them - the 6th MCI Special Forces - began to be created in September of the same year in the Kruglaya Bay of Sevastopol.
Separate naval reconnaissance points (OMRP, at first they were called Separate Marine Reconnaissance Divisions) of light divers-reconnaissance saboteurs (combat swimmers) of Special Reconnaissance, designed to conduct operations of particular importance.
Note:
In March 1946, the Baltic Fleet was divided into the Northern (SBF) and Southern (YUBF) fleets, from January 1947 they are called, respectively, 8 Navy and 4 Navy. At the same time, the Pacific Fleet was divided into 5 Navy (UTOF) and 7 Navy (STOF).
On April 23, 1953, the 5th and 7th Navy were merged into the Pacific Fleet. On December 24, 1955, the 8th and 4th Navy were merged into the Baltic Fleet.
Each of the Fleets has one such unit - MCI - a naval reconnaissance point, respectively:
The 7th MCI of the Northern Fleet (began to be formed after a delay according to the directive of the General Staff of the Navy dated November 26, 1957, numbering 122 people based in Novaya Titovka off the coast of Titovka Bay), was disbanded in April 1960. The MCI was re-formed in 1986 as the 420th MCI.
4th MCI of the Baltic Fleet (plan at the time of the division of the fleet one per fleet), on October 15, 1954, by the directive of the General Staff of the Navy, the states of the MCI of the Black Sea Fleet of the 4th Navy (Southern Navy) are opened, 561st MCI - the village of Sailing District .Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region (somewhere it was mentioned about the 457th MCI (erroneously)). At the end of the 90s, there were from 15 to 25 fighters in the "Sailing" detachments of conscripts. Constant readiness - three groups of 6 people each. In the group 1 officer, 1 midshipman, 4 s / s sailors. The smallest - 3 squad. Now (at the beginning of the 2000s) not detachments, but companies. 5 mouths. 1st guard company.
6th MCI of the Black Sea Fleet, b. Round (Sevastopol). The staff was opened by directive of the General Staff of the Navy on June 24, 1953, with a staff of 73 people. In 1961, the 6th MCI was transferred to Pervomaisky (Battery) Island.
Then there was a series of renaming / re-formation: from 1968 to 1999 - the 17th Special Forces Special Forces, in 1990 it was renamed the 1464th Separate Special Forces RP. After the collapse in 1992, he moved to Ukraine (7th separate special forces brigade, 73rd naval special operations center of the Ukrainian Navy). Since September 2004 she was transferred to the shore in the city of Ochakov.
5th MCI of the Pacific Fleet (during the division of the fleet one per fleet) - according to the directive of the General Staff of the Navy dated March 18, 1955, the Maly Uliss Bay, near Vladivostok, was determined as the location of the unit, but there were no premises there. The commander of the point, captain of the second rank, Kovalenko Petr Prokopyevich, informs the leadership about this, and the point repeatedly changes its location. Only in early December, the personnel of the MRP are relocated to the place of their permanent deployment on Russky Island (Kholuai Bay, then renamed Djigit Bay). For 1991, at least it was called the 42nd MCI (it had the same name during the 1st Chechen War. In wartime, according to some sources, it deploys to the 42nd Special Forces.
8th MCI of the Caspian Flotilla (since 1969 - Baku). After the aggravation of the situation in Baku, in 1990 he was transferred to the Leningrad region near Priozersk (former Vladimirovskaya), and after the MCI of the Black Sea Fleet left its composition, it was redeployed to Novorossiysk (Tuapse) and became part of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia as the 431st MCI .
There are also groups of reconnaissance departments of the Baltic, Northern, Black Sea or Pacific fleets.
The numerical composition is approximately the size of a battalion (several companies and support units). In wartime, the MRP bases provide for the deployment of obrSpN (at one time the USSR had these brigades in peacetime as well).
Organization of the MRP of the Black Sea Fleet of the formation of 1953 (73 people):
MRP Commander Black Sea Fleet
Doctor
Deputy commander for training and combat unit
o Educational part
Study rooms
Weapons and subversion
photo lab
LP-training and sea practice
Watercraft
Deputy commander for political affairs
Economic and financial part
Secret part
LV Scout Squad Leader
o Team Leader
o Team leader * 3 (3 LP scout squads each)
Detachment commander LV-Radio operators
o Team Leader
o Group leader * 2 (3 units of LV radio operators each)
In 1958-1959, the staff of the MCI Pacific Fleet, Baltic Fleet and Black Sea Fleet were increased. Since that time, all MRPs consisted of three detachments and support units:
squad VR * 2
detachment of VR radiotelegraphers (RT) and radiometrists (RM)
According to their combat organization, they were divided into two detachments:
Reconnaissance and sabotage - from two RDGs (12 people)
Reconnaissance detachment - from ten WG (6 people)
In December 1958, a new MCI structure was proposed (more close to combat):
Squad VR
Detachment BP-RM
Detachment VR-RT
The combat structure of two units was preserved. It was planned to switch to the new organization from 1961. But reforms and cuts broke out. The MCI remained in the old states, and the MCI SF was disbanded in April 1960. But this decision was not final: at the end of 1960, a new reduction in the total number of BP followed.
In 1963, the total number of special units of the VR is about 300 people (a reserve of about 700 people is needed).
Each MRP has two units:
First detachment - Reconnaissance and sabotage
The second detachment - radio and electronic intelligence
In 1967, PSD service groups were introduced into the staff of the MCI.
By the directive of the General Staff of the Navy dated July 3, 1964, a separate group of VR in the amount of 8 people was formed at the agent point of the MRP KF. In June 1966 the group moved to the city of Ochakov. Only in 1969 was the MRP KF created.
The initial number of personnel of points in the fleets is about 90 personnel, the Caspian point is about 50 people (in my opinion, such data are also given in the Cold War). The staff number is 124 people.
MCI staff (56 swimmers, 124 people):
1st detachment - destruction of enemy coastal facilities
2nd detachment - reconnaissance
3rd detachment - underwater mining of enemy objects and ships
technical staff
In official documents, a fighter of the Special Forces of the Navy is called a “reconnaissance diver”.
A separate brigade of the Special Forces - peacetime staff - 412 people. The number of special forces brigades at the time of the collapse of the USSR was 16, incl. 2 marine.
Information for blurring (no comments):
Based on the book by A.M. Chikin "Sea Devils" The author is a reserve officer, from 1976 to 2000 he served in the Black Sea Fleet.
In 1970, the GRU General Staff created its own division of underwater saboteurs. It is intended to perform tasks of particular importance, usually outside the borders of the state. Its unofficial name is "Dolphin". In peacetime, many of the special forces will receive high government awards of the USSR, but will also suffer losses. Before the collapse of the reconnaissance and sabotage center, which trained combat swimmers for the special forces "Dolphin" was located on Lake Balkhash (Kazakhstan). The cadets mastered a number of disciplines in Poti and Sevastopol. This unit is also mentioned in D. Miller's book "Commandos".
1991 A special unit of combat swimmers was formed to guard the state dacha of the President of the USSR Gorbachev in Foros.
During the 1970s, centers for the training of both fighting animals, dolphins and sea lions, were deployed in the fleets of the Soviet Navy.
In the area of Lake Balkhash (now Kazakhstan) there was a Navy test site for testing weapons systems.
Conducting any operation of combat swimmers is impossible without the help of special scientific units and information support. Most often, the technical support units were on board the "research" ships of the USSR Academy of Sciences, rescue service ships, or in the secret compartments of huge floating fish canning plants. They provided the saboteurs with accurate information about the hydrographic conditions in the landing area, often carried out sound-underwater communication with them, provided them with hydroacoustic beacons, carried out covert transfers and boarding.
There was the 316th training detachment of the Navy (sometimes referred to as the 315th) in the city of Kyiv. Disbanded in 1993. It included a school of technicians (trained midshipmen for naval equipment units), a school of junior specialists (which was called ShM (A) S - it had nothing to do with aviation, they trained junior specialists for naval equipment units) and the 3rd training company of special forces of the Navy (they trained fighters for parts of the Special Forces of the fleets, some graduates fell into parts of the PDSS).
Extract from the Treaty on the Division of the Black Sea Fleet
Parts of the Ukrainian Navy
o Reconnaissance targets
108 radio squad - Brovary
316 training detachment - Kiev
1464 reconnaissance point special. destination with a radio center - Ochakov
160 reconnaissance point - Odessa
o Electronic warfare facilities
323 complex technical control unit - Novoozernoe settlement (Donuzlav)
Parts of the Russian Black Sea Fleet
o Reconnaissance targets
130 RER Center
530 Information Center
37 separate special communication center
3 radio squad
o Crew basing facilities
102 PDSS detachment
The history of the Central Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ of the Navy Intelligence has not yet been written. For various reasons. Over the 50 years of its existence, so many great things have been done, based on the results of the work of the entire team, at different times, I can say with responsibility, so many very important decisions that you can’t say briefly. However, history is just made by people. Without claiming to write a HISTORY, I want to make my contribution, to tell about two "ordinary" representatives, modestly but responsibly fulfilling their tasks. That is why the title of our essay "On the history of the TsVRO OSNAZ of the Intelligence of the Navy." I hope there will be successors, the history will be replenished with the fates of other worthy military personnel, famous and "ordinary".
Pavel Borisovich Zatulyviter, after graduating from the Leningrad Nakhimov Naval School in 1985, entered the Kaliningrad Higher Naval School at the faculty of radio communications for special purposes. In the rank of "lieutenant" he was assigned to the Central Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ of the Intelligence of the Navy, i.e. according to the profile of the received specialty. However, he served for a short time and in the "dashing 1990s", when there was a massive layoff, he was in reserve. Currently, he is engaged in commerce with his older brother.
Father. Zatulyviter Boris Fedorovich. Born May 01, 1935.
In the Navy since 1955. He graduated from the School of Junior Specialists of the Navy in 1956. Sent to serve in the Central Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ Intelligence of the Navy (now defunct). Radiotelegrapher, senior radiotelegrapher, commander of the radiotelegrapher department of the Reception Center of the detachment. Since 1959, he has been a senior instructor at the Reception Center of the detachment. Military master. Excellent student of the Navy. midshipman. Discharged from the ranks of the Navy in the reserve in 1987. He died of heart disease in 2003.
Midshipman ZATULYVITER Boris Fedorovich.
Looking ahead, I will say that electronic intelligence (REI) relatively recently celebrated its centenary, the creation of which was laid in the Russian fleet by Vice Admiral S.O. Makarov back in 1904 during the Russo-Japanese War. To commemorate this event, a special anniversary badge "100 years of military electronic intelligence" was issued, which was awarded to military personnel who served in its ranks, with the issuance of a corresponding certificate.
In order to explain some of the conditions of service of a military radio intelligence officer of that period, I will cite as an example an excerpt from my memoirs "My Roads in the Seas."
“I served in the Central Marine Radio Detachment OSNAZ of the Navy Intelligence for almost five years from the end of 1961 to the middle of 1966. By the time I arrived at the new duty station, as I understand it, the detachment was temporarily located in the eastern region of the near Moscow region, remarkable for its natural beauty, south of Lake Bisserovo, not far from the Kupavna railway station. I remember that a huge dacha area with a runway for light aircraft, owned by one of the first Heroes of the Soviet Union, Major General of Aviation M.V. Vodopyanov (1899-1980), adjoined the western part of this lake. Sometimes he personally came to the commander of the Detachment, asking for help, to give him a car, tractor or bulldozer to work in the country, which, of course, was never refused.
The Detachment then had at its disposal several one-story barrack-type wooden buildings. Personnel were housed in two barracks. The living conditions for the sailors were, frankly, far from comfortable: tight quarters, bunk iron beds, narrow passages between them, lack of fresh air did not provide, in my opinion, a good and proper rest for radio telegraph sailors carrying complex and tense round-the-clock shifts. .
In the foreground, the commander of an excellent group of the Reception Center, Lieutenant Commander O.M. Kusenko. In the depth of the picture: on the left - the barracks where the headquarters of the Detachment and the Information Center were located; in the middle part of the picture in the background - the first technical building of the Reception Center; on the right is the club building. Kupavna. 1960
Kusenko Oleg Mikhailovich Born March 27, 1931. In the Navy since 1950. Graduated from: Leningrad Naval School of the Border Troops in 1954, Special courses for officers in 1957 and special courses at the Naval Academy in 1971. Since 1954, he served in the Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ of the KBF Intelligence. Since 1960 - in the Central Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ of the Intelligence of the Navy. Since 1964 - in various positions from assistant head of department to senior officer of the Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Navy. Member of several long sea voyages. Captain 1st rank. Discharged from the ranks of the Navy in the reserve in 1983. Passed away in 2007.
Most likely, the command of the Naval Intelligence already then had the problem of finding, creating a more suitable, more convenient and specially equipped location for the Central Detachment. Captain 1st rank S.A. Arutyunov also began to implement and implement this most difficult organizational, construction and operational task.
Captain 1st rank S.A. Arutyunov, commander of the Central Detachment.
Arutyunov Semyon Arsentievich. Born April 14, 1913. He graduated from the Military Medical School of Communications in 1927 and the Naval Academy in 1955. Commander of the BCH-4 destroyer "Grozny" since 1937 of the Baltic Fleet, and then the Northern Fleet. Member of the Great Patriotic War. From 1940 to 1945 he served in the Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ Intelligence of the Northern Fleet as chief of staff and commander of the Detachment. For the successful completion of combat missions during the war, the Radio Detachment was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. From 1945 to 1955 - in the Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Navy. Since 1955 - Head of the Central Marine Radio Squad OSNAZ. A prominent service specialist, an excellent organizer and educator. He was awarded many military orders and medals. Discharged from the ranks of the Navy in the reserve in 1968. Died March 13, 1988.
I was assigned to the Reception Center, the main mining unit of the Central Detachment, to the position of Assistant Chief of the Situation Group, corresponding to the rank of "senior lieutenant" and remained in it for three years. At first, I was quite satisfied with this situation, and somehow I did not think about the future.
It so happened that at the combat posts of the Reception Center I had to deal with the organization and control of the interception of automatic types of transmissions, through which, until a certain time, a huge amount of open information passed. But then a moment came when in these radio networks and radio directions all transmissions began to be carried out in encrypted form. The technical improvement of the emitted signal by introducing some kind of code delays or symbolic parcels made it impossible to read the intercepted text. This turned out to be a powerful unexpected “pill” of disappointment and indignation for us. There was a need to “split” this automatic encryption as soon as possible. I can firmly state that the bright minds of analysts, mathematicians, radio engineers, programmers and many other specialists of various professions were involved in solving this important and technically complex problem. I do not know for certain how the case ended, but I can assume that some hopes soon appeared for successful progress in opening this intricate system.
I, of course, had to deal with other aspects of the work of radiotelegraphers at other combat posts. Most of the foremen and sailors became real aces in their profession, achieving incredible quality of radio interception. If you remember in more detail and more thoroughly, then every day brought its own new, interesting, memorable.
At the same time, to be honest, it is simply psychologically and emotionally unbearable to sit in extreme tension for a four-hour shift, when unbearable ethereal noise, crackling, howling, squeaking is constantly hitting your ears, you can go crazy. We even had such cases, albeit isolated ones, when individual sailors had to be demobilized ahead of schedule for medical reasons due to psychological instability.
The main goal of the entire unit is high-quality combat watch keeping. Keeping a watch in other words, as a combat one, cannot be called, because each watch radiotelegraph operator had an invisible, as they say now, virtual contact with potential opponents, with all the ensuing consequences. All daily tasks: organizational, everyday, political and educational, training and a number of other equally important ones were aimed at the strict fulfillment of the main goal.
Head of the Reception Center of the Detachment, Captain of the 2nd rank O.S. Kapustin.
Kapustin Oleg Sergeevich. Born January 22, 1927. Since 1945 in the Navy. He graduated from VVMU communications in 1950. He served in the Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ of the Pacific Fleet Intelligence until 1956, and then in the Central Naval Radio Detachment of the Intelligence of the Navy and other parts of the central subordination of the Navy. In 1978, he was transferred from the ranks of the Navy to the reserve. From 1978 to 2000 - an employee of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Lives in Kyiv
In this main thing, of course, everyone was united. Each member of our team, from an officer to a sailor, performing his specific duties, due to the characteristics of his personal and professional qualities, made a feasible contribution to the common cause.
Remembering those years and evaluating the results of the multifaceted work performed, we must pay tribute to the efforts and initiative of the entire military team of the Detachment, personally to the commander, Captain 1st Rank S.A. Arutyunov, engineering and logistics services, almost all officers, midshipmen, foremen, sailors and civilian personnel.
With the consent of the author of the poem, Yevgeny Kirillovich Nikitin, a veteran of the Central Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ of the Navy Intelligence, a captain of the 1st rank, a poet, a journalist, I want to give its full text, which, in the opinion of a large team currently serving in the Detachment and veterans of radio intelligence, in essence , is an The anthem of our radio scouts.
We used lamp radios
And satellites from space heights
To collect reliable information,
Supplying her native navy.
We give an accurate assessment of the situation.
Without unnecessary words and pink embellishments.
We are radio intelligence veterans.
And the Motherland hopes for us.
We know that in the seas and oceans,
Far and near our shores,
In the fog of political deceit
There are still quite a few enemies hiding.
We do not spare nerve cells,
Everything, doing it with honor and mind.
We are radio intelligence veterans.
We can not be broken forever and no one.
In simple cases and complex situations
We will be remembered for many, many years.
How do we remember those old walkie-talkies,
When the Internet has been around for a long time.
If the roots are alive, the branches will not wither.
And the children will soon stand with us in a row.
We are radio intelligence veterans.
Our paternal home is the Marine Radio Squad.
The Radio Museum published a book by V.I. Shapkina Red ears. Soviet professional tube radios 1945-1970 Story. Radio engineering. Catalog. Moscow; Aviko Press, 2003, 160 p. Circulation exclusive - 999 copies. All copies are numbered by the author manually.
The book "Red Ears" is an artistic museum and collection edition that has no analogues in the world. Most of the materials are open, carefully guarded so far, secrets of the Soviet era. The book contains unique and never before published documentary materials and testimonies of participants in the events.
The publication contains all professional serial communication, radio intelligence and radio monitoring radio receivers of the Soviet Army, Navy, Air Force, GRU General Staff of the Moscow Region, KGB of the USSR, as well as broadcast broadcasting receivers. In addition to information, the book includes more than 100 original never published photographs of both Soviet and foreign Lend-Lease and captured radios of that time.
The book is the result of 11 years of painstaking work of the author and will take its rightful place in the personal library of anyone who is somehow connected with or interested in radio.
Veryuzhsky Nikolai Alexandrovich, veteran of the Central Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ of the Navy Intelligence, captain of the 1st rank, retired.
To be continued.
