rev. dated 07/25/2013 - ()

Most likely, previously carefully concealed information has finally begun to leak out to people, which is able to reveal to us the true organizers of that terrible war, the true goals that they set for themselves, and the true events that took place at that terrible and cruel time.

It seems to us that we know almost everything about the Great Patriotic War, because thousands of books have been written about it, hundreds of documentaries and feature films have been created, many paintings and poems have been written. But in reality, we only know what has long been emasculated and put on public display. There may also be some part of the truth, but not all.

You and I will now be convinced that we know very little even about the most important, as we were told, events of that War. I want to draw your attention to an article by Alexei Kungurov from Chelyabinsk called "On Mathematics and Historical Reality", which at one time was undeservedly ignored by all the world's media.

In this short article, he cited several facts that shatter the existing legend about the blockade of Leningrad. No, he does not deny that there were protracted and heavy battles, and there were a huge number of civilian casualties.

But he claims that there was no blockade of Leningrad (complete encirclement of the city), and provides convincing evidence for this assertion.

He draws his conclusions by analyzing publicly available, widely known information using logic and arithmetic. You can watch and listen in more detail about this in the recording of his Internet Conference "Managing history as a knowledge system" ...

In Leningrad at that time there were many oddities and incomprehensibility, which we will now voice, using many fragments from the named article by Alexei Kungurov.

Unfortunately, reasonable and well-founded explanations for what was happening at that time in Leningrad have not yet been found. Therefore, one has to hope that correctly formulated questions will help us find or calculate the correct answers.

In our additions to the materials of Alexei Kungurov, we will also use only publicly available and widely known information, repeatedly voiced and confirmed by photographs, maps and other documents.

So, let's go in order.

MYSTERY FIRST

Where did this term come from?

blockades it is the city of Leningrad in reality did not have. This sonorous term, most likely, was coined to transfer blame to the Germans for the mass casualties among the urban population. But there was no encirclement of the city of Leningrad in that War!

In the summer of 1941, according to the available public information, a certain, rather large area of ​​​​several thousand square kilometers, on which the city of Leningrad was and is now located, was cut off by German troops from the rest of the country. This happened at the end of August 1941:

“After stubborn battles, on August 30, the 39th motorized corps of the enemy captured the large Mga railway junction. The last railway connecting Leningrad with the country turned out to be cut ... "

MYSTERY TWO

Why were there so few shells?

A. Kungurov's article begins with an analysis of a written statement that 148,478 shells fell on the city during the blockade. Historians describe these events as follows:

“Leningraders lived in constant nervous tension, shelling followed one after another. From September 4 to November 30, 1941, the city was shelled 272 times for a total duration of 430 hours. Sometimes the population remained in bomb shelters for almost a day. On September 15, 1941, the shelling lasted 18 hours 32 meters, on September 17 - 18 hours 33 meters. In total, about 150 thousand shells were fired in Leningrad during the blockade ... "

Kungurov, through simple arithmetic calculations, shows that this figure is taken from the ceiling and may differ from reality by several orders of magnitude! One artillery battalion of 18 large-caliber guns for the mentioned 430 hours of shelling is capable of firing 232,000 shots!

But after all, the blockade, according to rooted data, lasted much longer than three weeks, and the enemy had several hundred times more guns. Therefore, the number of fallen shells, which the newspapers of that time wrote about, and then rewritten by everyone who wrote to us about the blockade, should have been several orders of magnitude higher if the blockade had taken place in the form to which we were all taught.

On the other hand, many photographs of besieged Leningrad show that destruction in the central part of the city was minimal! This is possible only if the enemy was not allowed to attack the city with artillery and aircraft.

However, judging by the maps, the enemy was only a few kilometers from the city, and the reasonable question of why the city and military factories were not completely reduced to ruins in a couple of weeks remains open.

MYSTERY THREE

Why was there no order?

The Germans had no order to occupy Leningrad. Kungurov writes very clearly about this as follows:

“Von Leib, commander of the Army of the North, was a competent and experienced commander. He had up to 40 divisions under his command (including tank divisions). The front in front of Leningrad was 70 km long. The density of troops reached the level of 2-5 km per division in the direction of the main attack. In such a situation, only historians who do not understand anything in military affairs can say that in these conditions he could not take the city.

We have repeatedly seen in feature films about the defense of Leningrad how German tankers enter the suburbs, crush and shoot trams. The front was broken, and there was no one ahead of them. In their memoirs, Von Leib and many other commanders of the German Army stated that they were forbidden to take the city, gave the order to withdraw from advantageous positions ... "

Isn't it true that the German troops behaved very strangely: instead of easily capturing the city and advancing further (we understand that the militias that we were shown in the movies are not capable of providing serious resistance to regular troops in principle), the invaders have been standing near Leningrad for almost 3 years, allegedly blocking all land approaches to it.

And taking into account the fact that most likely there were no or very few counterattacks from the defenders, then for the advancing German troops it was not a war, but a real sanatorium! It would be interesting to know the true reaction of the German command to this legend of the blockade.

MYSTERY FOUR

Why did the Kirov Plant work?

"It is known that The Kirov plant worked all the time of the blockade. The fact is also known - he was 3 (three !!!) kilometers from the front line. For people who did not serve in the army, I will say that a bullet from a Mosin rifle can fly at such a distance if you shoot in the right direction (I just keep quiet about larger-caliber artillery pieces).

Residents were evacuated from the area of ​​the Kirov Plant, but the plant continued to work under the very noses of the German command, and it was never destroyed (although one artillery lieutenant with a battery of not the largest caliber could cope with this task, with a correctly set task and a sufficient amount of ammunition) ... "

Do you understand what is written here? It is written here that the fierce enemy, who continuously fired cannons and bombed the surrounded city of Leningrad for 3 years, did not bother to destroy the Kirov plant that produced military equipment during this time, although this could have been done in one day!

How can this be explained? Either by the fact that the Germans did not know how to shoot at all, or by the fact that they did not have an order to destroy the enemy's factory, which is no less fantastic than the first assumption; either the German troops that were stationed near Leningrad, performed a different function while unknown to us...

To get an idea of ​​what a city truly treated with artillery and aircraft looks like, find military photos of Stalingrad, which was shelled not for 3 years, but for much less time...

Thus, it may be worth looking for the reasons for the mystery of the blockade of Leningrad in a slightly different plane than we are used to doing?

The offensive of the fascist troops on Leningrad, the capture of which the German command attached great strategic and political importance, began on July 10, 1941. In August, heavy fighting was already on the outskirts of the city. On August 30, German troops cut the railroads connecting Leningrad with the country. On September 8, 1941, the Nazi troops captured Shlisselburg and cut off Leningrad from the whole country from the land. An almost 900-day blockade of the city began, communication with which was maintained only through Lake Ladoga and by air.

Having failed in their attempts to break through the defenses of the Soviet troops inside the blockade ring, the Germans decided to starve the city out. According to all the calculations of the German command, Leningrad was to be wiped off the face of the earth, and the population of the city to die of hunger and cold. In an effort to implement this plan, the enemy carried out barbaric bombardments and artillery shelling of Leningrad: on September 8, the day the blockade began, the first massive bombardment of the city took place. About 200 fires broke out, one of them destroyed the Badaev food warehouses. In September-October, enemy aircraft made several raids a day. The purpose of the enemy was not only to interfere with the activities of important enterprises, but also to create panic among the population. To do this, during the hours of the beginning and end of the working day, especially intensive shelling was carried out. In total, during the blockade period, about 150 thousand shells were fired at the city and over 107 thousand incendiary and high-explosive bombs were dropped. Many died during shelling and bombing, many buildings were destroyed.

The autumn-winter of 1941-1942 is the most terrible time of the blockade. Early winter brought cold with it - heating, there was no hot water, and Leningraders began to burn furniture, books, and dismantled wooden buildings for firewood. The transport stopped. Thousands of people died from malnutrition and cold. But Leningraders continued to work - administrative offices, printing houses, polyclinics, kindergartens, theaters, a public library worked, scientists continued to work. 13-14-year-old teenagers worked, replacing their fathers who had gone to the front.

The struggle for Leningrad was fierce. A plan was developed that provided for measures to strengthen the defense of Leningrad, including anti-aircraft and anti-artillery. More than 4,100 pillboxes and bunkers were built on the territory of the city, 22,000 firing points were equipped in buildings, over 35 kilometers of barricades and anti-tank obstacles were installed on the streets. Three hundred thousand Leningraders participated in the detachments of the local air defense of the city. Day and night they kept their watch at enterprises, in the courtyards of houses, on roofs.

In the difficult conditions of the blockade, the working people of the city gave the front weapons, equipment, uniforms, and ammunition. From the population of the city, 10 divisions of the people's militia were formed, 7 of which became personnel.
(Military Encyclopedia. Chairman of the Main Editorial Commission S.B. Ivanov. Military Publishing. Moscow. In 8 volumes -2004. ISBN 5 - 203 01875 - 8)

In autumn, on Lake Ladoga, due to storms, the movement of ships was complicated, but tugboats with barges made their way around the ice fields until December 1941, some food was delivered by aircraft. Hard ice on Ladoga was not established for a long time, the norms for issuing bread were again reduced.

On November 22, the movement of vehicles along the ice road began. This highway was called "Road of Life". In January 1942, traffic on the winter road was already constant. The Germans bombed and shelled the road, but they failed to stop the movement.

In winter, the evacuation of the population began. The first to take out were women, children, the sick, the elderly. In total, about a million people were evacuated. In the spring of 1942, when it became a little easier, the people of Leningrad began to clean up the city. Bread rations have increased.

In the summer of 1942, a pipeline was laid along the bottom of Lake Ladoga to supply Leningrad with fuel, and in the fall, an energy cable.

Soviet troops repeatedly tried to break through the blockade ring, but achieved this only in January 1943. South of Lake Ladoga, a corridor 8-11 kilometers wide was formed. A 33-kilometer-long railway was built along the southern coast of Ladoga in 18 days and a crossing across the Neva was built. In February 1943, trains with food, raw materials, and ammunition went along it to Leningrad.

The memorial ensembles of the Piskarevsky cemetery and the Seraphim cemetery are dedicated to the memory of the victims of the blockade and the fallen participants in the defense of Leningrad, and the Green Belt of Glory was created around the city along the former blockade ring of the front.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

On January 27, the Russian Federation celebrates the Day of Military Glory of Russia - the Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad. The date is marked on the basis of the federal law "On the days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia" dated March 13, 1995.

The offensive of the Nazi troops on Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), the capture of which the German command attached great strategic and political importance, began on July 10, 1941.

In August, heavy fighting was already on the outskirts of the city. On August 30, German troops cut the railroads connecting Leningrad with the country. On September 8, the Nazis managed to block the city from land. According to Hitler's plan, Leningrad was to be wiped off the face of the earth. Having failed in their attempts to break through the defenses of the Soviet troops inside the blockade ring, the Germans decided to starve the city out. According to all the calculations of the German command, the population of Leningrad had to die of hunger and cold.

September 8, the day the blockade began, the first massive bombardment of Leningrad took place. About 200 fires broke out, one of them destroyed the Badaev food warehouses.

In September-October, enemy aircraft made several raids a day. The purpose of the enemy was not only to interfere with the activities of important enterprises, but also to create panic among the population. Especially intense shelling was carried out at the beginning and end of the working day. Many died during shelling and bombing, many buildings were destroyed.

The conviction that the enemy would not succeed in capturing Leningrad held back the pace of evacuation. More than two and a half million inhabitants, including 400,000 children, turned out to be in the besieged city. There were few food supplies, so food surrogates had to be used. Since the beginning of the introduction of the rationing system, the norms for issuing food to the population of Leningrad have been repeatedly reduced.

Autumn-winter 1941-1942 - the worst time of the blockade. Early winter brought cold with it - there was no heating, there was no hot water, and Leningraders began to burn furniture, books, and dismantled wooden buildings for firewood. The transport stopped. Thousands of people died from malnutrition and cold. But Leningraders continued to work - administrative offices, printing houses, polyclinics, kindergartens, theaters, a public library worked, scientists continued to work. 13-14-year-old teenagers worked, replacing their fathers who had gone to the front.

In the autumn on Ladoga, due to storms, the movement of ships was complicated, but tugboats with barges made their way around the ice fields until December 1941, some food was delivered by aircraft. Hard ice on Ladoga was not established for a long time, the norms for issuing bread were again reduced.

On November 22, the movement of vehicles along the ice road began. This transport highway was called "Road of Life". In January 1942, traffic on the winter road was already constant. The Germans bombed and shelled the road, but they failed to stop the movement.

By January 27, 1944, the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts broke the defenses of the 18th German army, defeated its main forces and advanced 60 km in depth. Seeing a real threat of encirclement, the Germans retreated. Krasnoye Selo, Pushkin, Pavlovsk were liberated from the enemy. January 27 was the day of the complete liberation of Leningrad from the blockade. On this day, fireworks were given in Leningrad.

The blockade of Leningrad lasted 900 days and became the bloodiest blockade in the history of mankind. The historical significance of the defense of Leningrad is enormous. Soviet soldiers, having stopped the enemy hordes near Leningrad, turned it into a powerful bastion of the entire Soviet-German front in the northwest. By holding down significant forces of the fascist troops for 900 days, Leningrad thereby provided significant assistance to the development of operations on all other sectors of the vast front. In the victories near Moscow and Stalingrad, near Kursk and on the Dnieper - a significant share of the defenders of Leningrad.

The motherland highly appreciated the feat of the defenders of the city. Over 350 thousand soldiers, officers and generals of the Leningrad Front were awarded orders and medals, 226 of them were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. The medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" was awarded to about 1.5 million people.

For courage, steadfastness and unprecedented heroism in the days of a difficult struggle against the Nazi invaders, the city of Leningrad was awarded the Order of Lenin on January 20, 1945, and on May 8, 1965 received the honorary title "Hero City".

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Hello to all lovers of facts and events. Today we will briefly tell you interesting facts about the blockade of Leningrad for children and adults. The defense of besieged Leningrad is one of the most tragic pages in our history and one of the most difficult events. The unprecedented feat of the inhabitants and defenders of this city will forever remain in the memory of the people. Let's briefly talk about some of the unusual facts related to those events.

The most severe winter

The most difficult time of the siege was the first winter. She was very stern. The temperature repeatedly dropped down to -32 °C. The frosts were lingering, the air remained cold in a row for many days. Also, due to a natural anomaly in the city, almost during the entire first winter, there was never a thaw usual for this area. Snow continued to lie for a long time, complicating the life of the townspeople. Even by April 1942, the average thickness of its cover reached 50 cm. The air temperature remained below zero almost until May.\

The blockade of Leningrad lasted 872 days

No one still can believe that our people held out for so long, and this is taking into account the fact that no one was ready for this, since at the beginning of the blockade there was not enough food and fuel to hold out normally. Many did not survive the hunger and cold, but Leningrad did not succumb. And in 872 he was completely liberated from the Nazis. During this time, 630 thousand Leningraders died.

Metronome - the beating heart of the city

For the timely notification of all residents of the city about shelling and bombing on the streets of Leningrad, the authorities installed 1,500 loudspeakers. The sound of the metronome has become a real symbol of the living city. The rapid record of the rhythm meant the approach of enemy aircraft and the imminent start of the bombardment.

The slow rhythm signaled the end of the alarm. The radio worked around the clock. By order of the leadership of the besieged city, residents were forbidden to turn off the radio. It was the main source of information. When the announcers stopped broadcasting the program, the metronome continued its countdown. This knock was called the heartbeat of the city.

One and a half million evacuees

During the entire blockade, almost 1.5 million people were evacuated to the rear. This is about half of the population of Leningrad. There were three major waves of evacuations. Approximately 400 thousand children were taken to the rear during the first stage of the evacuation before the siege began, but many were then forced to return back, as the Nazis occupied these places in the Leningrad Region, where they took refuge. After the blockade ring was closed, the evacuation continued through Lake Ladoga.

Who besieged the city

In addition to the directly German units and troops that carried out the main actions against the Soviet troops, other military formations from other countries also fought on the side of the Nazis. On the north side, the city was blocked by Finnish troops. Also at the front were Italian formations.

They served torpedo boats operating against our troops on Lake Ladoga. However, the Italian sailors did not differ in particular efficiency. In addition, the Blue Division, formed from the Spanish phalangists, also fought in this direction. Spain was not officially at war with the Soviet Union, and there were only volunteer units at the front on its side.

Cats that saved the city from rodents

Almost all domestic animals were eaten by a resident of besieged Leningrad already in the first blockade winter. Due to the lack of cats, rats have bred terribly. Food supplies were under threat. Then it was decided to get cats from other regions of the country. In 1943, four carriages arrived from Yaroslavl. They were filled with smoky-colored cats - they are considered the best rat-catchers. The cats were distributed to the inhabitants and after a short time the rats were defeated.

125 grams of bread

It was this minimum ration that children, employees and dependents received during the most difficult period of the siege. The share of the workers accounted for 250 grams of bread, 300 grams were given to members of the fire brigades who put out fires and bombs - “lighters”, students of schools. 500 grams were received by fighters at the forefront of defense.

Blockade bread consisted largely of cake, malt, bran, rye and oatmeal. It was very dark, almost black in color and strongly bitter. Its nutritional properties were not enough for any adult. People could not last long on such a diet and died en masse from exhaustion.

Losses during the blockade

There is no exact data on the dead, however, it is believed that at least 630 thousand people died. According to some estimates, the death toll reaches 1.5 million. The greatest losses occurred in the first blockade winter. During this period alone, more than a quarter of a million people died from hunger, disease and other causes. Statistically, women are more resilient than men. The proportion of the male population in the total number of deaths is 67%, and women 37%.

pipeline under water

It is known that in order to supply the city with fuel, a steel pipeline was laid along the bottom of the lake. In the most difficult conditions, with constant shelling and bombing, in just a month and a half, more than 20 km of pipes were installed at a depth of 13 meters, through which oil products were then pumped to supply fuel to the city and the troops defending it.

"Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony"

The famous "Leningrad" symphony was first performed, contrary to popular belief, not in the city under siege, but in Kuibyshev, where Shostakovich lived in the evacuation in March 1942 ... In Leningrad itself, residents were able to hear it in August. The Philharmonic was filled with people. At the same time, the music was broadcast on the radio and loudspeakers so that everyone could hear it. The symphony could be heard by both our troops and the fascists besieging the city.

The problem with tobacco

In addition to problems with food shortages, there was an acute shortage of tobacco and shag. During production, a variety of fillers began to be added to tobacco for volume - hops, tobacco dust. But even this could not completely solve the problem. It was decided to use maple leaves for these purposes - they were best suited for this. Fallen leaves were collected by schoolchildren who collected more than 80 tons of them. This helped to make the necessary stocks of ersatz tobacco.

The zoo survived the siege of Leningrad

It was a tough time. Leningraders literally died of hunger and cold, there was no one to wait for help from. People could not really take care even of themselves, and naturally, they were not up to the animals, which at that time were waiting for their fate in the Leningrad Zoo.

But even in this difficult time, there were people who were able to save the unfortunate animals and prevent them from dying. Shells exploded in the street every now and then, the water supply and electricity were turned off, there was nothing to feed and water the animals. Zoo workers quickly began transporting the animals. Some of them were transported to Kazan, and some to the territory of Belarus.

Naturally, not all animals were saved, and some predators had to be shot with their own hands, since if they were somehow released from the cages, they would pose a threat to the inhabitants. Nevertheless, this feat will never be forgotten.

Be sure to watch this documentary video. After watching it, you will not remain indifferent.

Shame with a song

A rather popular video blogger, Milena Chizhova, was recording a song about sussi-pussy and her teenage relationship, and for some reason inserted the line “Between us is the blockade of Leningrad.” This act so outraged Internet users that they immediately began disliking the blogger.

After she realized what a stupid thing she had done, she immediately deleted the video from everywhere. Nevertheless, the original version is still circulating on the net, and you can listen to its excerpt.

For today, these are all interesting facts about the blockade of Leningrad for children and not only. We tried to talk about them briefly, but it's not so easy. Of course, there are many more of them, because this period left an important historical mark on our country. The heroic deeds will never be forgotten.

We are waiting for you again on our portal.

German troops launched a powerful offensive, and on August 30, 1941, the city was in a vice. On September 8, the Germans blocked the Moscow-Leningrad railway, took Shlisselburg and surrounded Leningrad from land. Bloody battles began on the Pulkovo Heights and the southern outskirts of the city. On September 9, G.K. arrived in Leningrad. Zhukov. Removing Voroshilov from command, he canceled all preparations for the surrender of the city.

It was ordered to defend Leningrad to the last man. Fearing heavy losses during the assault, he ordered a long-term siege to begin, saying: “This city must be starved to death. Cut off all the supply routes so that the mouse cannot slip through there. Bomb mercilessly, and then the city will collapse like an overripe fruit.”

Began constant bombing and shelling. Heavy siege artillery was brought up, the Nazis began methodically destroying the city. During the blockade, the Germans dropped 100,000 bombs and 150,000 shells on Leningrad.

The civilian population found itself in a particularly tragic situation. By the time of the complete blockade, only a small part of the inhabitants (less than 500 thousand people) had been evacuated to the rear. There are 2.5 million citizens left in the city, including 400,000 children.

The first blockade winter was the most difficult. The Germans managed to bomb the food warehouses, leaving Leningrad without supplies.

Bread was delivered only by aircraft or by road laid on the ice of Lake Ladoga. Under constant bombing and shelling, drivers, despite huge losses, delivered only a small amount of necessary products along the Road of Life.

Hunger was approaching with terrible inexorability. Since November 20, the daily norm of bread for workers was only 250 g, and for employees, dependents and children - half as much. According to the blockade survivors, this ration of bread was a small raw piece, consisting of bran and a small part of flour.

Residents began to eat everything that could drown out the feeling of hunger. To top it off, the city water supply system failed, and water had to be taken from the Neva and canals.

The winter of 1941 was unusually severe. The lack of heating was a monstrous ordeal for the inhabitants.

Despite the difficult situation, the inhabitants of the city participated in its defense. People worked at enterprises, produced ammunition, repaired military equipment.

At the end of December, the grain ration became twice as large - by this time a significant part of the population had died. The famine took on unprecedented proportions. Cases of cannibalism began. Many residents, weakened, fell and died on the streets. In the spring of 1942, after the snow melted, 13,000 corpses were found in the city.

Particularly difficult was the situation of children left without parents. Exhausted, they lay in cold apartments, barely moving. Horror from the endured hardships froze in their faces. Many of them did not see hot food or even boiling water for 10-15 days.

At the same time, city leaders and everyone assigned to the Smolny canteen, as well as NKVD officers, received normal food. Airplanes delivered delicacies for senior management. During the blockade, a bakery for the nomenklatura continued to operate.

During the blockade, 642,000 people died of starvation. However, there is an opinion that in fact the losses are higher - up to 850 thousand people.

On January 24, 1944, the forces of the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts launched an offensive, as a result of which the blockade was completely lifted.

By that time, 560 thousand inhabitants remained alive in the city - 5 times less than at the beginning of the blockade.

The most bloody and heroic siege in the history of mankind continued for 872 days.