Russian materialist philosopher, revolutionary democrat, encyclopedist, publicist and writer.

Was born July 12 (24), 1828 in Saratov in the family of a priest. Since childhood, Nikolai read a lot.

For several years, the future writer studied at the Saratov Theological Seminary, and in 1846 he entered the historical and philological department of the University in St. Petersburg. The formation of Chernyshevsky as a writer was strongly influenced by the French philosophers Charles Fourier and Henri de Saint-Simon.

Since 1850, the writer taught at the Saratov gymnasium, where he simultaneously preached revolutionary ideas. In 1853, he met his future wife, O. S. Vasilyeva. Since 1854, he was awarded the post of teacher in the Second Cadet Corps, but did not work there for long.

Chernyshevsky's literary career began in 1853. His notes began to appear in "domestic notes", as well as in "Saint Petersburg Vedomosti". From 1854 he published in Sovremennik and tried to use the magazine as a tribune for revolutionary democracy.

Since 1858, Chernyshevsky was the first editor of the Military Collection magazine. Together with Herzen and Ogarev, he stood at the origins of the populist movement, and also participated in the secret revolutionary circle "Land and Freedom". From the autumn of 1861 he was secretly watched by the police.

In June 1862 he was arrested on suspicion of compiling provocative proclamations. The case has been under investigation for over a year. During this time, Chernyshevsky not only waged a stubborn struggle with the commission of inquiry, but also worked on his novel What Is to Be Done (1863), which was later published in Sovremennik.

Since 1864, the writer was sentenced to hard labor. He was able to get to his native Saratov only in 1889.

1. Erich Maria Remarque

2. "Three comrades"

3. For grade 9

5. The work was written in 1936. In history, these years are preceding the Second World War. Russia has a new constitution. And in Germany, troops are being formed and hostilities are taking place. In addition, in the parliamentary elections in Germany, 99 percent of the votes were cast for official candidates from the Nazi Party.

6. The action of the work takes place in Germany around 1928. Field Marshal Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorf und von Hindenburg was in power.

7. Robert Lokamp Age 30 He is the lover of Patricia Holman. He has two true friends - Gottfried Lenz and Otto Kester. Robert often drinks and tries to forget what happened in the First World War, in which he participated.

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Otto Kester is also 30 years old. He is an amateur race car driver, he has a favorite car "Karl" He is also fond of boxing. Lenz is the same age, he was also their comrade at the front. He was an easygoing and positive person. Outwardly, he stood out in the crowd with a straw mop of hair. Pat is distinguished by female wisdom, tenderness of character and boundless desire to live, but, alas, she cannot do this, as she is ill with tuberculosis.

8. The book tells about the life of three comrades who found themselves together after the last war. They decide to create a car repair shop, in which they themselves work. One day Robert meets Pat and realizes that he is in love. Friends like Pat, as she somehow somehow unites them even more. We see several happy moments of lovers, their dreams and hopes. But everything collapses when Robert finds out that Patricia is sick. She needs money for treatment. At this time, Lenz dies. Kester rushes to the hospital where Pat is staying and gives Robert the money he got from selling his beloved Carl car. But nothing helps...

9. The book is unique, in it you can trace the state of the people in this period - between the First and Second World Wars. All of them are broken, used, but they just want to live, love and, if possible, have fun. But the consequences of the war do not allow to translate these desires into reality. After all, Patricia is sick and precisely because of a difficult childhood. And hopes are shattered. The characters remain lonely and unhappy. The book is really great and I really enjoyed it. Both the form of the story and the meaning embedded in it.

Updated: 2018-08-04

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The action takes place in Germany around 1928. Three former soldiers, comrades from the First World War - Robert Lokamp (Robbie), Otto Kester and Gottfried Lenz - have a small car repair shop in the town.

They usually earn money thanks to Inspector Barzig, an expert from the Phoenix Insurance Company, who delivers cars after accidents for a car repair shop. In their free time, three comrades drive an old car with a large body. For its modest appearance and the tremendous speed that the car develops, three friends nicknamed it "Karl" - "the ghost of the highway." In addition to repairs and driving, comrades like to drink with Ferdinand and Valentin in Alphonse's pub or the International cafe, where Robbie plays the piano.

Robbie befriends local prostitutes Lili, Rosa, Kiki the transvestite, and hermit widower Stefan Grigoleit, chairman of the Cattlemen's Union. Not far from the International, Lokamp rents a small apartment in a building near a cemetery. The mistress of the house, Frau Zalewski, loves Robert, and Frida, the maid, is at enmity with him.

Robert or Robbie, as he is commonly known, met a charming girl from a wealthy family, Patricia Holman (Pat). Although Robbie and Pat came from different backgrounds, they developed an affectionate relationship. The novel depicts the development of their love against the background of the economic and political crisis in pre-war Germany.

Issues

The novel continues the theme of the "lost generation". People who have gone through the fear of war cannot escape the ghosts of the past. War memories constantly torment the protagonist. Hungry childhood caused the illness of his beloved. But it was the military fraternity that rallied the three comrades Robert Lokamp, ​​Otto Koester and Gottfried Lenz. And they are ready for anything for the sake of friendship. Despite the death that literally permeates the novel, he talks about the desire for life.

Robert Lokamp (Robbie) is the main character, it is on his behalf that the author leads the story. Co-owner of the Avrema auto repair shop, loves strong alcoholic drinks, and above all, rum.
Otto Kester is a friend of Robert since the war, the founder and co-owner of Avrem, an amateur race car driver. Calm and balanced in nature.
Gottfried Lenz - comrade of Robert Lokamp since the war, co-owner of Avrem. Hot, cheerful, sensual, for which he is often called "the last romantic." Tall and thin with a mop of straw hair on his head.
Patricia Holman (Pat) is a slender, thin girl with silky brown hair and long fingers. She came from an impoverished aristocratic family.
Ferdinand Grau is a plump artist who paints the dead to order and loves to philosophize.
Valentin Gauser is Robbie's comrade since the war. He was especially worried about her, because he was very much afraid for his own life. After returning from the front, he undertook to celebrate life and enjoy every minute of it - to drink away all his huge inheritance.
Alphonse is the owner of a pub and a great friend of Lenz. Likes fights and choral music. A strong, calm person with small eyes.
Selected quotes "Walking graveyard steaks" - the final phrase of a drunken Robbie during a quarrel with a fat passer-by.
Modesty and conscientiousness are rewarded only in novels.
“Only a fool wins in life, a wise man sees too many obstacles and loses confidence until he has time to start something.” - Ferdinand Grau.
“We all live with illusions and debts ... Illusions are from the past, and debts are at the expense of the future,” Gottfried Lenz and Ferdinand Grau.
“A woman should not tell a man that she loves him. Let her shining, happy eyes speak for it,” Robbie.
Love is born in a person, but never ends in it.
Happiness is the most uncertain and costly thing in the world.
To be able to forget is the motto of today, and endless reflections, really, are useless!
It is sometimes necessary to deviate from principles, otherwise they do not bring joy.
Human life lasts a very long time for one love.
Morality is an invention of mankind, but not a conclusion from life experience.
"It's better to die when you want to live than to live to the point that you want to die" - Pat.
"If you want to live, it means that there is something that you love" - ​​Pat.

The novel has been acclaimed by critics the most humane classic. Few of the authors could so accurately show the character of the actors and play on their contrast. In the novel, a person is shown from the other side, when he is at the bottom of despair. Erich Maria Remarque began writing the novel Three Comrades in 1932. The author was a former front-line soldier and later became an ardent pacifist.

In contact with

The fate of the work

The book was written by Remarque as a saga about his generation. Remarque "Three Comrades" summary appeared in German only after the Second World War, that is, a decade later. Few people can imagine the emotional state of the writer, who finished the work only in 1936.

In your homeland the author has become a pariah, it was made so by the German fascists. The Nazis raided while watching a film based on the work of the classic, and the circulation of his books was banned. The book almost immediately acquired the status of a world bestseller, but Remarque's book was banned at home. The novel has an intriguing and life-affirming plot that has shaped the new German spirituality.

Three comrades

The book is about love, friendship, courage. The book teaches how to adequately withstand the blows of fate and live on. The novel is written about Remarque's generation. It begins with events that took place on the morning of Robert Lokamp's thirtieth birthday. The first chapter has t the main role in the whole work. It tells about the character of the characters, here the reader gets acquainted with the main characters of the work. Robert comes to an auto shop where he works as a mechanic before his day job.

1. Robert has known his colleagues since childhood.

1. His friend is the enterprising strong man Otto Kester.
2. And the second friend is the artistic and sincere person Gottfried Lenz.

The first friend began his career as a pilot, later he became a racer. Otto is the most unpredictable of his friends, he's an excellent driver, and he's a professional car mechanic. The second friend has always been the soul of the company, he jokes a lot. Gottfried is sociable, enjoys the attention of women. He also has many friends among the bartenders. Robert Lokamp has a business streak, so he often negotiates. They have been together since childhood, grew up together, studied and fought together. And now they work together. They have a strong friendship that men have:

1. They are frank with each other.
2. Are benevolent.
3. They help each other in difficult situations.
4. Self-respect reigns between them.

Robert's birthday

Robert delved into himself and began to remember his own life. He sinks into deep thought. He sees a cleaner, an elderly Frau Stoss, who thinks that there is no one in the room and sips from a bottle of rum, which the mechanics have not finished drinking. It's Robert's birthday today, so he doesn't rebuke the woman, but pours her another glass. When the woman, after congratulating Robert, leaves, sad memories come over him. Further, his life is presented in a certain chronology:

Friendship between Robert and his friends

Thanks to the war and the revolution, the main character was left alone. The novel does not mention if Robert has any relatives, but friends have replaced them. They work together in a car repair shop, spend their leisure time together, help each other financially and morally, and run their simple business together. When gloomy memories of war and death began to surface in their memory, they crushed them by drinking alcoholic beverages.

They had ex-soldier syndrome when the ghosts of dead comrades come in a dream and there is no strength to forget all the horror experienced ... The author described this state based on his own experience. Here is a description of the entire generation of Germans, who after the war were unclaimed by society. But not all people succumbed to the general despair, among them were the three friends Lokamp, ​​Lenz and Kester. They succeeded:

1. Repair cars.
2. Bought a Cadillac and repaired it for sale.
3. For the sake of interest, they turned an old wreck into a sports coupe that had a powerful sports engine.

Episode on the way

Robbie celebrates his birthday, and Gottfried gives him an "amulet against evil rock", which he got from the granddaughter of the Inca leader. Otto gives him 6 bottles of rum. They planned a picnic in the evening, but there was a work day ahead. On the way to the picnic, friends have fun. They play on the contrast of the appearance of the car and its filling. Friends call the car Carl.

This evening next to them drove a heaped Buick, his driver decided to brag about the capabilities of the car to his girlfriend and overtakes Carl several times. But after that, three comrades overtake Buick, leaving him far behind. The Buick driver caught up with his comrades near a roadside cafe where they planned to sit. Binding, the driver of the Buick, introduces his companion, Patricia Holman, to his comrades. They unconditionally liked the pretty, mysterious and silent girl. At the end of the feast, Robert takes the phone from the girl, supposedly to make sure that she arrived home safely.

Pension Frau Zalewski

In this chapter, Remarque describes the mini-hotel and its inhabitants. This building was typical of those times, where people survived with the last of their strength. This building was inhabited by Robert and his neighbors, who were not happy in their personal lives. Among the neighbors are the following heroes:

These people ended up in a boarding house because of the war and the revolution. In his apartment, Robert wakes up the next day and goes to have breakfast at the International Cafe. As a result, the man decides to call Patricia Holman.

Two dates with Patricia

Robert has had little contact with girls before, so he is shy and clumsy. The conversation with Patricia did not work out in any way, so the man drinks for courage. When Robbie realized that he was drunk, he returned to his home. Gottfried Lenz gives Rob good advice to send the girl a bouquet of roses. Pat accepted the flowers and Robert asked her out a second time. A young man teaches Patricia how to drive on Carla. During a date, young people felt attracted to each other. In the evening they visit a bar where they meet Gottfried and together they go to have fun in an amusement park.

Patricia Holman

Patricia is a very charming young girl, she always had a lot of admirers around her. But, unexpectedly for herself, she falls in love with a simple auto mechanic. She wants happiness, but her body is stricken with tuberculosis. Previously, she had already been treated for this disease and she got better. She believes that she is still young and will be able to overcome her illness. When the girl was convinced of her feelings for Robert, she invited him home.

Patricia smart, educated and lonely. She was born to wealthy parents, from whom she inherited beautiful furniture. She rents two rooms in a house that once belonged to her parents. But Pat wants to make a living on her own and is looking for a job as a record salesman.

In the 1920s, the crisis in Germany escalated and the income from the workshop began to bring less money. But friends did not fall into despair. They rented a taxi and worked on it. They then raced the Carl. He, driven by racer Otto, takes first place.

Love Robert and Pat

Pat has a crush on Robbie and shows him her favorite places in town. In the theater they meet her friend, Broiler, and he invites them to a restaurant. Pat loves to dance, but Robert doesn't know how to do it. Then the girl dances with Broiler. Robert is jealous of his beloved and gets drunk heavily. The situation is getting heated perhaps a quarrel should occur between young lovers.

But the couple reconciled:

1. Robert didn't say goodbye to Pat at the restaurant. The broiler takes them home and drops Robert off at the bar, where he gets heavily drunk.
2. When Robbie returns home, near the door he sees a frozen Pat, who was waiting for him.
3. He warms his beloved with a cup of tea, and they spend time together until the evening.

The sickness returns to Pat

Pat's illness soon makes itself felt. But this does not portend anything. Robert was able to fulfill his old dream - he profitably sold the refurbished Cadillac. Robbie brags about the check to his friends. Now that he has received his share, he will be able to go on vacation to the sea with Pat for 2 weeks. But the unforeseen happened at sea - Pat developed a throat bleeding. Robbie informs Kester about this and he brings her doctor Jaffe to the sick girl on Carl. The doctor treats Patricia for a few days and she gets better.

Robert is always next to his beloved. She really likes him gift - Irish Terrier puppy. He became for her a joy and an outlet. But the doctors strongly recommend taking the sick girl to a mountain sanatorium, where there are seriously ill patients. Among the sick, Robbie meets a female patient who looks at him with calm courage. And he understands what he wants to tell Jaffe, who himself lost his wife: very often people with serious illnesses live longer than healthy people.

Workshop sale

Meanwhile, hard times are coming in Germany: hyperinflation has begun in the country and orders stop. But friends found a way out: when they drove through the race track on Carl, they noticed a crashed Citroen. They were able to beat off his repair from competitors. To repair the car, expensive parts had to be bought, but the profit had to justify the costs. But things didn't go so well. The owner of the car went bankrupt and the car had to be sold under the hammer. To cover the debts, friends sold the workshop.

Death of Lenz

At that time not harmless rallies were held in Germany, which got carried away by Gottfried Lenz. At one of the rallies, Robbie and Otto find their friend, and trying to calm him down, they lead him to the car. But Lenz fires on a Nazi fighter and is killed on the spot. Otto and Robbie want to avenge a friend by combing the city. But they were ahead of the bartender Alphonse.

Patricia's death

Robert learns by phone that his lover is on bed rest. Otto, who immediately realized something was wrong, takes his friend to the hospital on Karl. They watch the sunset with Patricia.

Friends know that he is the last in her life. Patricia's life ends an hour before dawn. In the morning, Lokamp receives a considerable amount of money from Crester. A friend sold Carl to raise money for a funeral.

One of the strongest moments of the novel is the description of the inner world of Robert, who realized that the girl next to him was already dead.

At night, Robbie does not leave Patricia, who has a throat bleeding. But Patricia is doomed... And then Robert utters beautiful words: “Then the morning came, and she was no longer there ...”.

Conclusion

What happened to Robert after the loss of his beloved friend and lover? Will circumstances break him? The author does not directly answer this question, the reader himself must figure out what happened to the main character. Robert was not left alone, his faithful friend and comrade Otto Kester is still with him. They have known each other for a long time and been through a lot of hardships together.. Usually after that people become closer.

In the novel, it was repeatedly described that friends can work together and make the right decisions. Therefore, the reader can be sure that if luck turns up with friends, they will not miss it. The retelling of the book does not convey the full depth of the novel, so everyone should read it!

"Three Comrades" tells about the friendship of three friends who, in the post-war years, show all their dedication in order to preserve it. The feeling of mutual help and support for each other is very well described by the author of "Three Comrades" (summary), where, despite any obstacles in life, friends do not despair and are ready to support not only each other, but also those who need their help.

Robert Lokamp, ​​Otto Kester and Gottfried Lenz have been inseparable friends since their school days. Together they also passed. After graduation, they decide to open their own auto repair shop. Even if the salary is small, it was enough to live on. Memories of the past war sometimes did not leave friends, and often they remembered the dead comrades.

The proud property of friends was the car they purchased, which they called "Karl". Sometimes, rolling along the roads, they had fun on it, periodically overtaking other cars. In one of these "distillations" they meet Patricia Holman, who later becomes part of their company. Soon her friends called her Pat for short. Robert took a liking to Patricia and took her out to dinner from time to time. Although he somehow lacked the courage to start a conversation, but spending time in a bar, he gained courage with the help of alcohol. Robert shows affection to Patricia all the time, such as teaching her how to drive. In this regard, Robert was helped by his friends, sending her flowers on his behalf. When they go to the amusement park, they win all kinds of prizes there, surrounding themselves with a crowd of fans.

Soon, Kester, a master of auto racing, signs up to participate in races where the Nutcracker was the main competitor of "Karl". After painstaking work, the car was ready for the race and everyone was waiting for victory. And she was. For some time, their company gained popularity after the victory. Robert and Patricia gradually became close to each other, meeting frequently and secluding each other.

Due to the lack of a permanent income, friends decide to buy a taxi at an auction and take turns earning money on it. While working as a taxi driver, Robert meets Gustav. Later, Robert visits Patricia's apartment for the first time. In a conversation, she told Robert about her past and that she was alone in this world.

A little later, Robert profitably sold the refurbished Cadillac. His friends were very happy with this deal. After that, Robert and Patricia go on vacation to the sea. There, lying on the beach, Robert remembers his colleagues, with whom he also spent time on the seashore. During one of the evening walks in the car, Patricia becomes ill, and the next day she started bleeding. Friends find Dr. Jaffe, who undertakes to treat her.

So that Patricia does not get bored during her illness, Robert brings her a puppy - a gift from his friend Gustav. Working as a taxi does not bring any profit and Gustav invites Robert to go to the races, where he wins. "Karl" began to prepare for races again in order to earn even more money.

The cold season has come. Jaffe asks Robert to immediately send Patricia to the mountains, where his friend will take care of her. They stayed there for a week. Soon, due to debts, friends have to sell their auto repair shop. Soon, Robert also learns that Patricia's condition is deteriorating and he gets drunk with grief. But Kester comes to the rescue and helps him calm down.

Lenz goes to the demonstration. Robert and Kester go looking for him. At the rally there was the usual fascist propaganda, where promises rained down on people. Friends find Lenz, but when they leave, they shoot at him and he dies. Kester rushes to find the killer. But soon the killer was punished. Then a telegram was received from Patricia asking her to come as soon as possible. On their "Karl" Robert and Kester came to Patricia. The doctor began to comfort them, talking about the miraculous recovery of patients, but for friends such consolations were familiar.

Patricia knows she doesn't have long, but she tries to hide it from her friends. Friends have yet to say anything about the murder of Lentz. Soon Kester leaves and after a while sends money. Robert realizes that "Karl" is sold. Robert's despair knew no bounds. Robert spends more time with Patricia, allowing her to enjoy moments of happiness in the short remaining time. But every day she was getting weaker. She died soon after.

This is how Remarque presented the plot “Three Comrades” (summary), where he left an excellent standard of friendship and mutual assistance for generations.