UDC 908, 379.85 M.V. Gudkovskikh SPORT TOURISM IN KHMAO - YUGRA Tyumen State University, 625003, Tyumen, st. Semakova, 10; e-mail: [email protected] The article considers the tourist opportunities for the development of tourism in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. The state of active sports tourism in the district is characterized in detail, examples of water and walking routes are given. The main distinguishing features of the tourist potential of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra are highlighted. Key words: tourism, sports active tourism, route, tourism in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has natural and socio-economic prerequisites for the development of tourism. However, Yugra tourism has never been a generally recognized tourist region. The territory of the Okrug does not have outstanding natural objects, however, Ugra has a serious potential and a large number of attractions for the development of many types of tourism, including sports. The number of foreign tourists who entered the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra in 2013 amounted to 15.6 thousand people. The total tourist flow amounted to 451.0 thousand people. The main regions for the arrival of tourists in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra were Moscow and the Moscow Region, St. Petersburg, as well as the regions of the Ural Federal District. According to the Department of Tourism of the Department of Natural Resources and the Non-Resource Sector of the Economy of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, the main flow of tourists comes to the Okrug for business purposes. The famous Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in Russia and beyond its borders is made, first of all, by the developed oil and gas complex. The Yugra land occupies a leading position among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of industrial production, electricity production, oil and gas production, the volume of investments in fixed capital and tax revenues to the budget system. Since 1960, oil production has been carried out on its territory. At the moment, more than 10 billion tons of oil have been produced in Yugra since the beginning of the development of the oil and gas province of Western Siberia. The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug produces about 7% of world oil and more than half of Russian oil. A distinctive feature of the region is the high income of the population. In 2013, according to Rosstat, the average monthly salary in the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug - Ugra was almost 50,000 rubles. According to this indicator, the district ranks second in the Urals Federal District after the neighbor Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and a high 6th place in Russia. The high material well-being of the region has a positive effect on the development of domestic tourism. On the territory of the district there are monuments of history and culture: museums, theaters, archaeological complexes, as well as modern infrastructure for lovers of cultural, educational, recreational and outdoor activities. Residents and guests of Ugra are offered 288 cultural and educational tours and excursion programs, of which 39 are ecological and ethnographic 1 directions. Tourist routes are developed taking into account visits to sights, museums and natural parks of the Autonomous Okrug. Khanty-Mansiysk is the center of event and business tourism. The main part of international and Russian business, scientific, cultural and sports events is held in the Okrug capital. These are the World and Russian Biathlon Championships, the World Cup and the stage of the Russian Chess Cup, the World Chess Olympiad, International competitions in overcoming obstacles (show jumping), the World Boxing Cup among oil countries, the International Festival of Cinematographic Debuts "Spirit of Fire", the World Congress of Finno -Ugric peoples, the International Ecological Action "To Save and Preserve" and others. International event events of the Autonomous Okrug - sports competitions, festivals and forums open Ugra to foreigners as a unique Siberian land. According to the Tourism Department of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, during the last Biathlon World Championship in 2011, the total number of tourists was 56,553 people. And the final stage of the Biathlon World Cup, held in March 2013 in Khanty-Mansiysk, was attended by more than 40 thousand people. On Yugra land there is a place for the development of ecological tourism. There are two state reserves in the district: "Yugansky" and "Malaya Sosva", four natural parks: "Kondinsky Lakes", "Numto", "Samarovskiy Chugas", "Siberian Ridges", along which ecological routes are conducted, for example, a weekend route along the Bolshoy Akh River, and a water route along the Kondinsky Lakes system. In addition, there are 11 protected areas in the Okrug, including 3 of federal significance. 7 natural monuments, and wetlands of international importance occupy a special place in the system of territorial protection of the Autonomous Okrug. All of them allow the development of ecological tourism. Special routes along ecological paths, organization of ecological and ethnographic expeditions enable tourists to get acquainted with the ecosystem of the region and its historical and cultural heritage. Resources for the development of cultural and educational tourism are represented by historical and cultural sights. In total, there are 35 museums and their branches on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, including 6 state ones: the State Art Museum, the Gallery-workshop of the artist G. S. Raisheva, House-Museum of the People's Artist of the USSR V.A. Igoshev, the Museum of Geology, Oil and Gas, the Museum of Nature and Man and the open-air ethnographic museum "Torum Maa". In Yugra, the Khanty, Mansi and Nenets still lead a traditional way of life. Tourists can see with their own eyes the way of life of the descendants of the ancient Ob Ugrians, having been on ethnographic tours. They are organized in the national settlements of the Nizhnevartovsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut, Berezovsky and Beloyarsky regions. The national holidays of the indigenous peoples of the Okrug, which are popular among tourists, are regularly held: the Day of the Reindeer Breeder, the Day of the Indigenous Peoples of the North "Crow's Day", the Day of the Fisherman, the Bear Holiday and others. 2 Classical sports tourism mainly attracts areas with mountainous terrain, but the vast territories of our country do not have such riches in the tourist sense. Due to the geographical conditions of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra is located on the world's largest plain. The West Siberian Plain occupies the 3rd place in the world in terms of area, being also the largest lowland with an absolute height of less than 200 m. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is located in the central part of the West Siberian Plain and includes its flattest sections. The highest is the territory of the Siberian Uvals with a height of 200-300 m within the district. However, the largest areas in terms of area are occupied by flat plains with phenomenal bogging and lakes. Despite the general opinion about the flatness of the relief of the region, the western parts of the district are quite diverse and represent the foothills and mountains of the Urals. The highest points of the district are Mount Narodnaya (1895 m) - the highest point of the Ural Mountains in the Subpolar Urals and Mount Pedy (1010 m) in the Northern Urals. The mountain range stretches along the entire western border of the district for 450 km and extends for a width of 45 km. At the moment, active sports tourism is in its infancy, there are only mentions of tourist travels, characteristics of objects and general tourist opportunities. Sustainable routes have not yet developed. There are emerging needs in the form of sports clubs of interest, for example, the Numi-Torum active recreation club in the city of Yugorsk. A significant sports active trip within the district was the tourist expedition "Necklace of Ugra", leader Kasatkin A.M. in 2011-2013 During this period, walking trips were made along the borders of the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug with visits to the most significant geographical objects. The travel itinerary included the city of Narodnaya (subpolar Urals), the city of Neroika, the Man-Pupu-Ner plateau, the Siberian Uvaly, the ancestral lands of the peoples of the north, and archaeological sites on the lake. Range tour and lake. Kintus, paleontological objects on the river. Taptymka and others. The Numi-Torum Ugra active recreation sports club regularly make water and hiking routes within the district. Water route along the river. Tapsuy - Vor-ya, laid in the Sovetsky district of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. Route thread: Yugorsk - Timkapaul village - r. Tapsuy - r. Thief-ya - Somyakhsospaul village - Agirish village - Yugorsk city. Route length: rafting - 160 km, motor boat - 100 km, car - 265 km. The duration of the trip is 10-11 days. Dates of the campaign: the beginning of June - the first decade of September. Rafting means: kayaks, catamarans. This route is characterized by 1 category of difficulty. Visiting the unique landscapes of the river valley. Tapsuy, family lands on the river. Tapsuy and in the village of Timpakaul, fishing and hunting in the tourist base "Nirvozh". 3 A water-pedestrian route passing through the territory of the Berezovsky district of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, allowing you to climb the highest peak of the Urals, Narodnaya, and rafting along the fastest river in the Subpolar Urals - Narod. Route route: Berezovo village - Saranpaul village - the mouth of the Kedras-Yu river - the Tanki tract - Sobakolai mountain - the Narodnaya river - Osenevka (the former camp of reindeer herders 2 km lower than the mouth of the Panyche-shor stream) - the city of Bolshoi Chender - through manual Nameless - geological base "Central People" - br. Karpish-Shor - lake. Blue - manual Karpish-Shor - Osenevka - rafting of the river. Folk - r. Manya - r. Khulga - r. Lyapin - s. Saranpaul - Berezovo settlement. Route length: on foot - 107 km, rafting - 176 km. Duration - 14-15 days. Dates of the campaign - July - September; Rafting facilities: tourist catamarans; Difficulty category - 2.3 river with shivers and rapids. Active recreation club "Numi-Torum" organizes and conducts active travel in the eastern districts of the district. Water route Vategan from the origins to the village. Povkhovsky. The route is characterized by the 2nd category of difficulty, it involves walking through swamps and blockages on the river. Route thread: Surgut city - Noyabrsk city - Nankpyokh river - rafting on the river. Vatyogan - pos. Povkh - Langepas. Route length: on foot - 37 km, rafting - 155 km. Duration - 12 -13 days. The dates for the trip are the end of May - the beginning of September. Rafting means: tourist kayaks. Unique landscapes of the Siberian Ridges, observation of the border of the transition of the tundra zone into the taiga, thermokarst lakes, white moss forests. A visit to Eduard Aivased's ancestral lands with a varied nature of farming: fishing, deer breeding, gathering wild plants, fishing and hunting. Water route along the river. Amputa of the first category of complexity, located in the Nizhnevartovsk region of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. On the river there are ancestral lands and camps, with a preliminary agreement with the indigenous population, it is possible to organize long-term programs of stay in these places. Thread of the route: Raduzhny - a bridge over the river. Khaplynutyay at the lake. Loku something - r. Khaphlynutyai - r. Amputa - r. Agan - the village of Varyogan - the city of Rainbow. Route length: rafting - 120 km. Duration - 9-10 days. Rafting means: tourist kayaks. Hiking routes: ski route to the top of Neroika in the Berezovsky district of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. Route thread: with. Saranpaul - Ust-Puiva base - Neroika base - Shchekurinsky pass - Patok lake - per. Ozerny - Ozerny stream - Manya river - Devil's Ridge-iz - lane. between the western and eastern Kultmetners - the ski resort "Polya Valley" - with. Saranpaul. 4 The developed routes of the Ugra sports club of active recreation "Numi-Torum" in the inner districts of the district do not differ in high categories of complexity. Water routes were carried out along the Nizhnevartovsk (Sosninsky Egan river), Kondinsky (Evra river) and Khanty-Mansiysk districts (Talymka river). The main attractions on the routes were the taiga landscapes with the Siberian beaver settlement zone, old-timer Russian settlements, and the ancestral lands of the Khanty and Mansi peoples. Fishing, hunting and collecting wild plants. The Federation of Sports Tourism of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra regularly organizes and conducts competitions in sports tourism at distances and on routes, and also trains the national teams of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra in sports tourism and their participation in Russian competitions. In comfortable ski travel of sports tourism, in the perception of the tourist, the first place is the technical equipment of the base and the presence of a developed tourist infrastructure. There are 7 ski resorts in the Autonomous Okrug: two in Khanty-Mansiysk, Nizhnevartovsk, Surgut; Raduzhny, ski resorts in Nyagan and Pyt-Yakh. The ski complex "Khvoyny Urman" in Khanty-Mansiysk consists of a chairlift and a ski slope. The chairlift with a length of 1050 meters is an example of the Italian equipment of the Leitner company. From a height of 135 meters you can admire the spruce and cedar forest, the ski center and the ski slope. Its length is 630 meters, its width is 100 meters, and the height difference is 135 meters. The ski complex also includes 15 km of cross-country skiing and walking trails. "Khvoyny Urman" also includes an unsupported towing cable car (Baby-lift), a snowmaking system for making artificial snow, tracks for parallel disciplines, a training slope, a tubing track, as well as sports equipment rentals. The chairlift operates not only in winter, but also in summer, so city tourists have the opportunity to take a sightseeing tour with a view of the biathlon center, picturesque areas of the city and the floodplain of the Ob and Irtysh rivers. At the moment, 146 tourist enterprises are registered in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, of which 14 are tour operators included in the federal register of tour operators. Of these, 10 tour operators and travel agents specialize in domestic tourism. The main components of the tourist potential of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra are: 1 Event tourism center of the Tyumen region with annual spectacular sports competitions in biathlon and other sports. 2 Center for business tourism in the oil and gas industry. 3 Unique geographical position at the confluence of two great Siberian rivers, forming the longest water artery in Russia (the Ob with the Irtysh). 4 Hunting and fishing resources of the patrimonial lands of the northern peoples. 5 The original culture of the peoples of the Khanty and Mansi. Ethnographic tourism. 5 6 Modern appearance of northern cities. 7 Developed network of hotels, catering establishments, transport. 8 Flat terrain. 9 Forests and vegetation. 10 Landscapes of the Northern and Subpolar Urals. 11 Historical events associated with the names of Yermak, Prince Samar, Decembrists, exiles. References 1 Bakulin VV, Kozin VV. Geography of the Tyumen region / Textbook - Middle-Ural. book. publishing house, 1996. – 240 s. 2 Zyryanov A.I., Myshlyavtseva S.E., Boldyreva Z.V., Vorobieva A.S., Dmitrenko L.Yu. Trends in the development of types of tourism in the Perm region. // Geographic Bulletin No. 3 (22), 2012, pp. 96-100. 3 Website "Tourism in Ugra" URL: http://www.tourism.admhmao.ru (accessed 07.10.2014) Maria V. Gudkovskih SPORT TOURISM IN KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG-UGRA The article presents the tourism opportunities of tourism development in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra. In detail characterized conditions of the active sports tourism in the region, review examples of the water and walking the routes. Provide the main distinctive features of the tourist potential of KHMAO-Yugra. Ke y words: tourism, sports and active tourism, trip, route, tourism in KHMAO-Yugra. Maria V. Gudkovskih, Assistant of Department of Geography and Ecology , Tyumen State University, 10 Semakova, Tyumen, Russia, 625003; [email protected] 6
Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below
Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
Similar Documents
Geographical position, natural recreational resources, tourist potential of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Development of medical and health tourism in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The most popular sanatoriums and hotels, the medical services they offer.
abstract, added 03/30/2013
The history of the development and formation of the physical culture and sports movement in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The concept of sports tourism, its varieties and criteria for assigning categories. The procedure for organizing tourist and sports competitions in Khanty-Mansiysk.
test, added 09/18/2009
Features of ecological tourism, its forms. The impact of ecotourism on nature. Specially protected areas. Tourist and historical and cultural potential of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Prospects and ways of development of ecological tourism in Yugra.
term paper, added 03/14/2014
Essence, classifications, world experience and the current state of event tourism in Russia. The main directions and prospects for the development of tourist recreation in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Management in the field of socio-cultural service of the region.
term paper, added 06/24/2015
Directions of tourism of the unique natural complex Yugra. Conditions for the development of ethnographic and ethnic tourism. The northern part of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, located in the permafrost zone. Warm hospitality in a cold land.
presentation, added 11/24/2013
Scientific and information essay on the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug: general overview, natural and climatic conditions, history of development. Description of the tourist route "Earth Yugorskaya". Features of creativity of the main representatives of the Mansi culture.
term paper, added 11/01/2013
General assessment of extreme tourism. The main features of the development of extreme tourism in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Water types of extreme tourism: diving, wakeboarding, windsurfing. Stages of development of a snowmobile extreme tour.
thesis, added 07/12/2012
The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has significant recreational resources, which are expressed in the presence of various landscapes, from plains to mid-mountain relief (in the Subpolar Urals - with alpine features). The main tourist and recreational zones for the development of ecological tourism in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra are represented by the Western and Northern zones.
There are two state reserves here: Yugansky and Malaya Sosva, four natural parks: Siberian Uvaly, Kondinsky Lakes, Samarovsky Chugas, Numto, three federal nature reserves: Verkhne-Kondinsky, Vaspuholsky, Elizarovsky and four - of district significance: Sorumsky, Untorsky, "Vogulka", Berezovsky.
Natural parks have accumulated some experience in organizing ecological and scientific tourism, equipped with ecological trails, various fascinating routes, ecological programs and tours, ecological and ethnographic expeditions that allow to fully explore the ecosystem of the Autonomous Okrug and get acquainted with the sights of historical and cultural heritage.
Tourist companies of the Autonomous Okrug, when developing excursion routes, include in their programs the most interesting and informative natural objects of the Autonomous Okrug.
The total number of tourists visiting natural parks in 2009 amounted to 12.5 thousand people, which is 52% less than in 2010 (19.0 thousand people), and 70% less than in 2011. (21.3 thousand people). With the creation and improvement of conditions for the development of ecological tourism in the promising territories of the Autonomous Okrug (including the development of new attractive routes and infrastructure), this direction of tourism can provide an additional influx of tourists of over 30,000 people a year. For the development of ecotourism, it is necessary to create legal and economic conditions for tourism companies to develop tourism infrastructure in natural parks and other specially protected natural areas in Berezovsky, Sovetsky, Kondinsky, Beloyarsky, Khanty-Mansiysk and Nizhnevartovsky districts.
The historical and cultural potential of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is an important competitive advantage of the tourism industry of the Autonomous Okrug. Travels for cultural and educational purposes account for about 19% of the internal flow. In 2009, 74.6 thousand people visited the Autonomous Okrug for such purposes, which is 3.5% less than in 2010 (72.0 thousand people), and 1.8% more than in 2011 ( 76.0 thousand people)
The museum expositions of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra are able to provide a full-fledged attractive excursion program for guests and residents of the Autonomous Okrug.
In total, 36 museums and their branches operate on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, including 4 state ones: the State Art Museum, the Museum of Geology, Oil and Gas, the Museum of Nature and Man and the open-air ethnographic museum "Torum Maa".
Indigenous peoples of the North (Khanty, Mansi and Nenets) have been living on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra for three millennia, in many ways, it is the original culture of the indigenous peoples of the North, rites and rituals, ethnic musical folklore, traditional crafts and crafts that form prospects for the development of ethnographic tourism in the Autonomous Okrug.
However, the current situation in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in the field of tourism shows that the implemented set of state measures to develop tourism infrastructure (provision of grants from the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra) does not have a decisive influence on a positive change in the situation.
It is necessary to increase this state support for the development of infrastructure for various types of tourism, along with information support for domestic and inbound tourism, as well as improving the quality of services provided.
For the development of ecological tourism in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, there are the necessary recreational resources: more than 2000 rivers, more than 800 plant species, 42 fish species, more than 50 mammal species, etc.
With the correct formation, adaptation and functioning of the model for the development of ecological tourism in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the following result should be expected:
Sustainable use of natural resources;
Ensuring the conservation of natural and cultural diversity;
Increasing the level of environmental education of visitors;
Saving costs for environmental protection measures;
Support for the local economy through the tax base of attracting enterprises;
Participation of the local population in the development of tourism and their receipt of financial and other benefits from this activity.
Due to the underdeveloped tourism infrastructure, tourism business is constrained. However, with the development of the road network, the accessibility of wild corners of nature will increase, their appearance will inevitably change. The attractiveness of such places for ecological tours will decrease. This process is well known to countries with developed mass tourism. It is necessary to think over in advance a possible, and, most importantly, sufficient network of communications (highways, roads, trails) and service complexes. To preserve the wild look of nature as much as possible (including the feeling of inaccessibility of its remote corners), but at the same time give the opportunity to enjoy this wildness.
Introduction
In Russia, there are many regions whose cultural and tourism potential has not yet been fully appreciated and not fully disclosed. One of these regions, of course, is Yugra, or the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is located in the middle part of Russia. It occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain. In the north, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the northwest - on the Republic of Komi, in the southwest - on the Sverdlovsk Region, in the south - on the Tobolsk and Uvatsky districts of the Tyumen Region, in the southeast and east - on the Tomsk Region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is known throughout the world, primarily as an oil and gas producing region. However, recently the Ugra authorities have been making a lot of efforts to break this stereotype and promote themselves as a tourist destination as well. There are many objective preconditions for such advancement. The Okrug has huge natural reserves that contribute to the development of sports and recreational recreation; Ugra is a most interesting region in terms of archeology, anthropology and ethnography, and it can become a true center for the development of ethnographic tourism. This determines the relevance of the work.
The purpose of the work is to study the potential of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug as a territory for the potential development of ethnographic tourism in Russia.
Work tasks:
) present a scientific and informational essay about the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug;
) give a description of the tourist ethnographic route "Yugorskaya Land".
1. Scientific and information essay about Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
a) The peculiarity of the district
The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO) is located in the middle part of Russia. It occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain. In the north, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the northwest - on the Republic of Komi, in the southwest on the Sverdlovsk Region, in the south - on the Tobolsk and Uvatsky districts of the Tyumen Region, in the southeast and east - on the Tomsk Region and Krasnoyarsk Territory (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Location of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug on the map of Russia
The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is one of the most interesting territories in Russia. The historical name of this territory is Yugra. The area of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is 534.8 thousand square meters. km.
The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug today is a region with a rapidly growing population. As of January 1, 2005, the permanent population of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra was 1469.0 thousand people and increased by 12.5 thousand people compared to 2003. Due to the rapid development of the oil and gas industry over the past thirty years, the population of the district has increased by more than 1 million people. 1156.8 thousand people (78.7% of the total population) live in 16 cities of the Okrug. Population density - 2.7 people. per 1 sq. km. Urban population (including urban-type settlements) - 1334.9 thousand people.
The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was formed on December 10, 1930 by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee as the Ostyako-Vogulsky National Okrug with a center in the village. Samarovo. It included 6 districts: Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Laryaksky, Samarovsky, Surgutsky, Shuryshkarsky. January 17, 1934 the district was included in the Ob-Irtysh region, December 7, 1934 - in the Omsk region. On July 4, 1937, the Shuryshkarsky district was transferred to the Yamalo-Nenets national district. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of October 23, 1940, the Ostyako-Vogulsky National Okrug was renamed Khanty-Mansiysk. August 14, 1944 he became part of the newly formed Tyumen region.
In accordance with the Constitution of the USSR, adopted on October 7, 1977, the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug received the status of an autonomous region and became known as the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, the district became an equal subject of the Russian Federation. In 2003, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was renamed the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.
b) Natural environment
The relief of the KhMAO territory is represented by a combination of plains, foothills and mountains. Elevated plains (150-301 m), low-lying (100-150 m), as well as lowlands (less than 100 m) stand out. In the floodplains of the Ob and Irtysh, the absolute heights are 10-50 m. The Ural part of the district is characterized by a mid-mountain relief. The length of the mountainous region is 450 km with a width of 30-45 km. Maximum heights: Narodnaya, 1894 m (Polar Urals) and Pedy, 1010 m (Northern Urals).
The climate in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is sharply continental. The average temperature in January is from -18 to -24 degrees Celsius, the average temperature in July is from +15.7 to +18.4 degrees. The annual amount of precipitation in the district is from 400 to 550 mm. The height of the snow cover is from 50 to 80 cm. In July, the maximum precipitation falls, about 15% of the annual amount.
The river network of KhMAO is formed by the Ob and Irtysh rivers, 12 of their tributaries (Northern Sosva, Konda, Vakh, Yugan, Kazym, Pim, Tromyegan, Agan, B. Salym, Lyapin, Lyamin, Nazim), as well as many small rivers. The total number of rivers in the district is about 30 thousand.
There are about 290 thousand lakes with an area of more than 1 ha in the Okrug. The category of large ones (over 100 sq. km) includes Kondinsky Sor, Leushinsky Tuman, Vandemtor and Tromemtor.
The soil cover is very diverse. A podzolic soil-forming process develops in riverine drained areas. On watersheds with low surface and ground runoff, semi-hydromorphic soils predominate, which are usually replaced by bog soils in the central part. On rocks of heavy mechanical composition, gleyozems and gley-podzolic soils are found, on sandy and sandy loamy rocks - illuvial-ferruginous, illuvial-ferruginous-humus and illuvial-humus podzols. For the floodplain The Ob is characterized by a complex combination of alluvial, soddy, meadow and marsh soils. In the mountainous part, tundra, coarse-humus, fragmentary and mountainous primitive organogenic-rubbly soils are common.
Vegetation is represented by communities of forests, swamps, meadows, reservoirs, and mountain tundra. The forest cover of the district is 52.1%. The zone of middle taiga dominates. It is represented by dark coniferous, light coniferous, small-leaved and mixed forests. They grow spruce, cedar, larch, fir, pine. Meadow vegetation is confined to floodplains and lowlands. All in. lichen communities used as reindeer pastures are common in areas. Forests and swamps are rich in fruit and food types of vegetation: cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, currants, cloudberries, raspberries, wild roses, bird cherry, mountain ash.
The fauna of the district is made up of fox, arctic fox, squirrel, sable, marten, ermine, weasel, polecat, mink, weasel, otter, hare, mole, chipmunk, wild reindeer, elk, etc. Bird: geese, goose, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, partridges, ducks, sandpipers. 42 species of fish live in the reservoirs, including highly valuable commercial ones - sturgeon, sterlet, nelma, muksun, whitefish (shokur), cheese peled, whitefish (pyzhyan), Sosvinskaya herring (tugun).
The main minerals are oil and gas. The largest oil and gas fields are Samotlor, Fedorovskoye, Mamontovskoye, and Priobskoye. Alluvial gold, vein quartz and collection raw materials are mined in the district. Deposits of brown and black coal have been discovered. Deposits of iron ores, copper, zinc, lead, niobium, tantalum, manifestations of bauxites, etc. have been discovered. Deposits of decorative stone, brick-and-claydite clays, building sands are being prepared for development. Within the Urals on the territory of the district, rocks have been identified that have high filtration and sorption properties. These include zeolite-containing rocks, volcanic formations, etc. Among other things, operational reserves of mineral (iodine-bromine) waters have been explored and approved in the KhMAO.
c) Historical path
The first evidence of the conquest of Yugra by the Russians dates back to the 12th-13th centuries. In the annals, this time is marked by frequent trips of Novgorodians to Ugra to collect tribute - furs of sables, ermines, arctic foxes and squirrels.
The legendary campaigns of Yermak had a huge influence on the process of joining Yugra to the Muscovite state. Having defeated Khan Kuchum and occupied Isker, the capital of the Siberian Khanate, Yermak sent a small detachment of Cossacks down the Irtysh at the end of the winter of 1583. The detachment led by the Pentecostal Bogdan Bryazga (according to other sources - Ataman Nikita Pan), having passed through the lands of the Konda-Pelymsky Voguls, approached the "walls" of the Samarovo town. Caught by a sudden attack by the Cossacks, the Ostyaks retreated. The prince of the Belogorsk principality, Samar, was also killed. A little later, after the death of Yermak, in the autumn of 1585, the Cossacks, under the leadership of the governor Ivan Mansurov, founded the first Russian fortified settlement, the Ob town, at the mouth of the Irtysh on the right bank of the Ob River. Thus, the Mansi and Khanty lands of Yugra became part of the Russian state.
The Yugra towns that appeared in the Ob North began to serve as a place of trade. In the most busy areas, special stations for changing horses - "pits" arose. In 1637, two pits were built - Demyansky and Samarovsky. On the basis of the latter, over time, the city of Khanty-Mansiysk grew up, which today has become the center of the KhMAO.
d) The uniqueness of culture and art
Today, on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, 4705 objects of cultural heritage are under state protection. All of them are unique, and some are truly unique. These are, in particular, Kazymsky (Yuilsky) prison, Emder Settlement and Barsova Gora.
Archaeological and ethnographic complex Kazymsky (Yuilsky) prison(Fig. 2) is located in the lower reaches of the river. Won-Voshyugan left tributary of the river. Kazym, downstream of the river. Kazym from the modern village of Yuilsk. Rice. 2. Kazymsky (Yuilsky) prison Sources of the 18th century testify to the existence of a prison on Kazym. So, in 1748, the Berezovskaya voivodship office reported to higher authorities about the number of quartered Cossacks “at the maintenance of prisons for the protection of yasash Ostyaks from thieves’ Samoyeds” and noted, in particular, that there were four Cossacks in Kazymsky prison. Actually, this document allowed historians to establish the authenticity of the existence on Kazym not of an abstract stronghold, but of a very specific prison. In 2008 G.P. Vedmid conducted comprehensive topographic and archaeological surveys, during which it turned out that the Kazymsky (Yuilsky) prison is an object consisting of at least three components: a fortified Russian settlement - the Kazymsky prison settlement; the ancient Khanty (Nenets) settlement - the settlement of Yuilsky town; operating today, especially revered among the local indigenous population of the Khanty - the sanctuary of Voshn Aki. This allowed scientists to conclude that the monument is valuable both from the point of view of historical, scientific, and from the standpoint of its further popularization and use. In particular, graphic and natural reconstructions in order to organize educational tourism. Another unique historical and architectural monument on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is Settlement Emderlocated in the vicinity of the city of Nyagan. At one time, Emder was a real principality, the borders of which adjoined the left bank of the Ob, in particular, the basin of the Endyr river and the Endyr channel. From the south and west, Emder bordered on the Kondinsky principality. The Principality of Emder lost its independence by the end of the 16th century. In historical sources, the Principality of Emder is mentioned in connection with the campaigns of the detachments of Yermak and the governor Ivan Mansurov. But in addition to written (documentary) sources, there are oral sources - folk legends, legends and epics glorifying the military and love exploits of the brave princes of Emder. Today, archaeological excavations are being carried out on the territory of the Emder settlement. Already carried out surveys have shown that the settlement is distinguished by skillfully made defensive structures, developed infrastructure for foundry, blacksmithing, and bone carving. This place is especially interesting because here you can see with your own eyes the storehouses, stoves, sacrificial places of the Khanty and Mansi, take part in the Crow and Bear holidays, admire pagan dances, and try fresh venison. In winter, reindeer sled and snowmobile safaris are held on the territory of the complex. But the most important thing that is available here is getting to know the living carriers of the unique cultures of the Khanty and Mansi. A unique archaeological site located on the territory of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is also Barsova mountain. This most valuable object of cultural heritage is located 8-15 km west of the city of Surgut and is a unique archaeological complex not only in Western Siberia, but also in the Russian Federation as a whole. In fact, the archaeological sites of Barsovaya Gora are a “layer cake” containing diverse information on the settlement of the middle Ob region over the course of seven millennia. The earliest archaeological sites date back to the Neolithic era, traces of all later eras are also clearly visible, including archaeological sites of the 18th-19th centuries and even ethnographic monuments of the early 20th century (settlements, sanctuaries, traces of hunting traps). Currently, a museum-reserve is being created on Barsovaya Gora. In addition to these major monuments of history and archeology, there are many others on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. As the researchers note, the heritage of the Yugra land is represented mainly by archaeological and ethno-cultural objects; out of 4,000 registered objects, archaeological monuments make up 94%, memorial sites - 3%, historical monuments - 2%, architectural - 1%. These circumstances determine the specifics of the development of historical, cultural and ethnographic tourism in the district. A special object of cultural heritage of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is the original traditional culture of the Khanty and Mansi - semi-sedentary hunters and fishermen, who from time immemorial were engaged in reindeer breeding in the north, and cattle breeding in the south. e) Features of modern life The specificity of the Okrug's economy is associated with the discovery of the richest oil and gas fields here. In the sectoral structure of industrial production, the oil and gas industry accounts for 89.4%, the electric power industry - 5.5%, mechanical engineering and metalworking - 2.4%, gas processing - 1.6%, logging and woodworking - 0.24%, production of building materials - 0 .24%, food - 0.17%, oil refining - 0.1%. The Okrug is the main oil and gas region of Russia and one of the largest oil-producing regions in the world, belongs to the donor regions of Russia and leads in a number of key economic indicators: I place - in terms of industrial production; I place - in oil production; I place - for the production of electricity; II place - in gas production; 2nd place - by volume investment in fixed assets. The natural conditions of the district are not conducive to the development of agriculture. Therefore, most of the agricultural and food products are imported from other regions of Russia. . Description of the tourist route "Yugorskaya Land"
a) Overview map of the area
Main points of the route - direction of movement b) Brief information about the route and its points Tour "Land Yugorskaya" - cognitive, ethnographic. Type - internal. Age of tourists - adults. Duration - 3 days / 2 nights. The main points of the route are: Khanty-Mansiysk, Nefteyugansk and Surgut. 1. Khanty-Mansiysk Khanty-Mansiysk is a city with an amazing history. It is believed that he has three dates of birth: the first is 1637 (the formation of the Samarovsky Pit), the second is 1931 (the beginning of the construction of the district center of Ostyako-Vogulsk), the third is 1950 (the formation of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk by merging the village of Ostyako-Vogulsk and the village of Samarovo). Officially, the date of birth of the city was approved recently. Decided: to produce the chronology of the city from 1637, from the moment the first settlement, Samarovsky Yam, was founded on the territory of the modern city. The architecture of Khanty-Mansiysk is reminiscent of the harsh nature of the North. Many buildings appear to be made of ice. Among them is the Theater and Concert Complex, which gives the impression of a huge ice figure. On the other hand, there are many buildings in a variety of architectural styles - from classicism to neoclassicism. The baroque church of the 18th century has been restored. Scattered throughout the city is the Samarovsky Chugas park, which is a dense green massif. In the center of the city lies the park named after B. Losev, or as it is also called Victory Park. It is interesting with a birch grove starting at the main entrance. In Khanty-Mansiysk there is a house-museum of the People's Artist of the USSR V.A. Igoshev. From the 1950s to the 1990s, the main theme of his work was the North in all its diversity. Here are exhibited paintings depicting the life and traditions of the northern peoples, as well as the majestic nature of this region. Gallery-workshop of the artist G.S. Raisheva takes tourists into the world of modern symbolism. The north in Raishev's image looks simple and alluring. At the same time, the artist conveys all the mystery and originality of the region. The main objects of display during the sightseeing tour of Khanty-Mansiysk: 1)Memorial in Victory Park, dedicated to the soldiers of the district who died during the Great Patriotic War. The memorial was opened in Khanty-Mansiysk on the eve of the 55th anniversary. It is located in the very center of Victory Park. Once upon a time, in the distant 1930s, the fathers and grandfathers of the present-day Khanty-Mansiysk people “destroyed” a public garden, planted white-trunked birch trees, and named the garden to them. A.S. Pushkin. And in April 1970, the Council of Reserve Officers decided to lay here a monument to fellow countrymen who did not return from the war. The renovated memorial, dressed in marble and granite, has become more beautiful and majestic. Busts of the Heroes of the Soviet Union are located along the Glory Alley. On them are the names of the famous countrymen of the modern inhabitants of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. 2)Monument to P.I. Loparev, the hero of the Civil War (Comintern St. - Komsomolskaya). 4)Monument to those who died during the Stalinist repressions (Mira street). 5)Monument to students and teachers of the Pedagogical School who died during the Great Patriotic War (territory of the Pedagogical College). 6)Monument to the workers of the fish factory who died during the Great Patriotic War (the territory of the fish factory). 7)The building of the district center of traditional folk culture and leisure activities (K. Marx St., 11). 8)The building of SPTU-43 (Lenin St., 51). 9)House of P.I. Lopareva (Kirov St., 38). A visit to Khanty-Mansiysk includes a visit to the Torum Maa ethnographic park-museum, which was founded on October 30, 1987 on the initiative of the famous Ugric poets and writers Yuvan Shestalov and Yeremey Aipin. "Torum Maa" is an open-air museum recreating the estate of the Khanty people. Based on residential, utility and religious buildings located on the territory of the museum, one can get a visual representation of all the richness and originality of the spiritual culture and way of life of the Ob-Ugric peoples, who owned the secrets of harmonious coexistence with the harsh climate and wild nature. The exposition of the museum is represented by three thematic complexes: "Summer camp of the Khanty r. Agana" (summer house, household and hunting storehouses, shed-smoking shed, bread oven, maternity hospital, fireplace), "Winter settlement of the northern Mansi" (winter house, economic and hunting storehouses, outbuildings for keeping livestock), "Sanctuary of the Ob Ugrians" (consecrated storehouse - ura, seven sacred idols depicting heroes - otyrs in the author's performance of the artist G.S. Raishev). Today the museum "Torum Maa" is the center of folk festivals: bear games, crow festivals, performances of folklore ensembles. 2. Nefteyugansk The city of Nefteyugansk is located 250 km east of Khanty-Mansiysk, within the Sredneobskaya lowland, on the Ob and its Yuganskaya Ob. The city arose from the village of Ust-Balyk, and got its name from its location at the confluence of the river. Balyk in the channel Yuganskaya Ob. The growth of the village began in the 1960s after the discovery in 1961 and the development of the Ust-Balyk oil field. In 1964, it was transformed into an urban-type settlement, and since 1967 it received the status of a city with the name Nefteyugansk. Over the past decades, the city has developed as the main base for oil production in the Middle Ob region. Today Nefteyugansk is the center of a large oil-producing region with a developed industrial base, a network of transport, public utilities, trade, cultural and consumer services. The main enterprise that determines the city's economy is OAO Yuganskneftegaz, whose activities cover the territory of three regions: the cities of Nefteyugansk and Pyt-Yakh, as well as the Nefteyugansk region. The main objects of display during the sightseeing tour of Nefteyugansk: 1)
Well R-62- a monument to the initial years of the development of the oil wealth of the Yugansk land. The R-62 well is the first oil gusher, which opened a new page in the history of the development of this territory. The drilling of the R-62 well was completed in September 1961. The team of foreman Lagutin built the well. No one could confidently say whether the oil would be or the horizons would be water-bearing, but the 22nd Congress of the CPSU was about to begin, and everyone wanted to make a real gift by this day - to discover an oil field. On October 10, tests began on the R-62. Round-the-clock communication was established with the drilling rig. A few hours later, a dispatch came: “Water with an oil film was received at the facility ...”. Then another message comes: "The well is being blown by the compressor." A few minutes later, a message from Ust-Balyk: “The well is gushing with oil, visually the flow rate is 300 tons…”. Thus, a gift to the congress was made. 2)
"Piglet” is the name of the place often used in Nefteyugansk in the zone of the coastal part of the city, where the first landing of geologists and builders landed in 1961. Here, on the high bank of the Yuganskaya Ob, on a small patch of solid land surrounded by taiga and swamps, the only place suitable for construction, the assembly of houses began on the first street of the village. In the early 1960s, the residential, administrative and commercial center of the village was located on the "patch". Today, the Piglet territory has changed a lot. The cultural center "Ob" and the building of the registry office are located in this area. On the embankment, a place has been allocated for the construction of the historical and architectural complex "Museum of the Ob River", dedicated to the history of the formation of the city of Nefteyugansk and the development of the oil and gas complex. 3)
Stela "Youth" -sculptural personification of the youth of the city, installed in honor of the fifth anniversary of the city of Nefteyugansk in 1973. The stele is a granite girl with a bowl in her hands. Located near the house of culture "Youth". 4)
Stele of the first Ust-Balyk oil- a monument on the right side of the Yuganskaya Ob River. The stele is dedicated to a significant event, when the first Ust-Balyk oil was produced on May 26, 1964. In shape, the stele is a white-painted thin metal pipe directed to the sky, which, at an eight-meter height, is divided into three feathers. The shape of the stele symbolizes an oil gusher. 5)
Monument to the "Warrior-Liberator"- a monument erected in the center of the city in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. 6)
Monument to Ermak Timofeevich. It is a marble stele with the inscription: "To the Ataman of the Siberian Cossack army Ermak Timofeevich from grateful descendants - Cossacks and Orthodox parishioners of Nefteyugansk." The monument was erected on the territory of the Holy Spirit Orthodox Church in tribute to the memory of the development and annexation of the Siberian land to the Russian State. The ethnographic nature of the tour implies a walking tour in Punxi Yurts- a complex of traditional economic and residential buildings, commercial and religious objects of the Yugan Khanty group, located near Lake Bolshoye Kayukovo. In the vicinity of the lake, several families live today, leading a traditional economy and preserving the national way of life. Several archaeological sites are also located in the lake area. The most interesting of them is Kayukovo 2, a Neolithic settlement (fortified settlement). The charred remains of wooden structures are well preserved in the cultural layer of the site, which makes it possible to reconstruct this object with maximum reliability. Today it is almost the only definite settlement of the Stone Age in Western Siberia. The study of this monument will provide important information on the history of the settlement of the Ob North. Currently, work is underway on a project to preserve traditional buildings and create an exposition of the ethnographic settlement of the Yugan Khanty in the vicinity of Lake Bolshoye Kayukovo. 3. Surgut and Surgut region Surgut district is the largest in the Khanty-Mansiysk district in terms of population and industrial production. Its area is 105 thousand square kilometers. The administrative center of the district is the city of Surgut, one of the first Russian cities in Siberia. Founded in 1594 on the site of an Ostyak fortress. The city got its name from the nearby channel of the Obi Surguntl-Mukhet, where the word "mukhet" means "channel", and the first part of the hydronym is the Khanty personal name Surgut. In the 17-18 centuries. Surgut was one of the centers of Russian colonization of Western Siberia. From the end of the 18th century became a county town, and later - a village. In 1804-1867. faded away so much that it lost the status of the city. However, since 1868, the second stage of the development of Surgut begins, it again becomes a city. In 1926, there was an outflow of the population from the city, and due to the small number, it was again transformed into a village. With the opening in the 1950s and 60s. rich in oil and gas deposits, Surgut once again began to grow rapidly and since 1965 it has again been considered a city. Surgut is the center of the Surgut district of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. A large number of archaeological sites have been discovered on its territory; remains of ancient fortresses, settlements, burial places. The most famous is the complex of monuments in the tract Barsova Gora, which is 30 kilometers west of Surgut. Objects of sightseeing in Surgut: ) An architectural monument - "The House of Merchant Klepikov". The house was built at the end of the 19th century. It is a merchant's estate. The restorers returned the house to its historical layout, recreated the door and window openings in their original form, 70% of the unique wooden carving. The museum has an exposition, which includes more than 300 household items of the Siberian merchants. ) Monument to the founders of the city of Surgut ) Monument to A.S. Pushkin ) Memorial of Glory ) Small sculptural forms at the Stroitel GKDTS ) Sculptural composition "Pegasus" The ethnographic nature of the tour also includes a visit to the archaeological site "Bars Mountain"located near Surgut. Many archaeological monuments have been found here, from the Stone Age to modern times, incl. the remains of 60 settlements, a series of unfortified settlements, about 2000 dwellings, 5 burial grounds, as well as the sanctuaries of the ancient Khanty. On the territory of the monument, tourists will be able to get acquainted with the architecture of the northern peoples: a storehouse as a characteristic national element of construction; clay oven and other objects of historical and cultural heritage. c) Entertaining local history Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is a land with a rich history. He is known and glorified by many cultural figures - natives of the district, among which, in particular, Yuvan Shestalov and Yeremey Aipin. Yuvan Nikolaevich Shestalov(Fig. 3) - the same age as the Mansi written language, one of the most prominent representatives of this amazing people, a famous Mansi poet and prose writer. Rice. 3. Yu.N. Shestalov Mansi Tourist Autonomous Okrug Yuvan Shestalov was the first in the history of his people to turn to the richest treasures of ancient Mansi tales, legends and songs. Before him, none of the writers tried to process, introduce them into modern verse. Shestalov set himself the goal of breathing “the soul of life” into the ancient legends, to make sure that in a modern poem they do not look like frozen museum ethnographic exhibits, so that legends and songs, without losing their ancient, gray-haired history, sound modern, helping the knowledge of being, knowledge of the moral, philosophical, social problems of our time. Currently, Yu. Shestalov lives in St. Petersburg, since 1991 he has been publishing the Sterkh magazine. The vocation of the magazine, as conceived by the creator, is to bring together all the peoples of the Finno-Ugric group, showing the originality of each. Another no less famous native of KhMAO - Eremey Danilovich Aipin.(Fig. 4). Born in the family of a Khanty hunter on June 27, 1948 in the village of Varyegan, Surgut (Nizhnevartovsk) district of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Rice. 4. E.D. Aipin Published in the magazines "October", "Neva", "Youth", "Ural", "Siberian Lights"; in the newspapers Literary Russia, Moscow News, etc. Some of his stories have been translated into English, Hungarian, Spanish, and Japanese. The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is the historical place of residence of the Mansi people. Brief Mansi phrasebook: Os Yomas Ulum! - Goodbye! Pussyn Yomassyg Vos Oly! - Everything is fine! Kantlyn Manyl Poyten - Sorry! A-A - Yes.ti - No. Yomasyakweg Tepyalen! - Bon appetit! Pumasipa! - Thanks! Nan Mansi Latnyl Potyrtegyn? - Do you speak Mansi? Encyclopedia of life Mansi: The National costume:traditional Mansi women's clothing is represented by a dress, a swinging satin or cloth robe, and a fur coat. The national men's costume is made up of a shirt, trousers, deaf clothing with a hood made of cloth or deer skins (malitsa, goose). Kitchen:traditional Mansi dishes were prepared from dried, dried, fried at the stake, frozen fish and meat. Settlements and dwellings:Mansi led a semi-sedentary lifestyle, moving in different seasons of the year from one fishing area to another. The settlements were permanent (winter) and seasonal (at the fishing grounds). Traditional dwellings in summer are conical birch bark tents or quadrangular huts made of poles covered with birch bark, in winter - rectangular log houses, for reindeer breeders - covered with tent skins. The dwelling was heated and illuminated by a chuval - an open hearth made of poles coated with clay. For baking bread, clay ovens were built far from the dwellings. Mansi traditions Occupations and trades:Mansi's traditional occupations are hunting. On the Ob and in the lower reaches of the Northern Syusva, in the upper reaches of the Lozva, Lyapin and Northern Sosva, reindeer breeding is widespread. It was borrowed from the Nenets in the XIII-XIV centuries. Some Mansi groups have developed agriculture and cattle breeding, as well as poultry breeding. Mansi traveled by boat (sometimes with birch bark tops), skis, sleds (in dog and reindeer sleds), and in some areas - on sledges or special horse sleds. Mansi families:families were large (from several married couples) and small (from one couple). The form of marriage is mainly patrilocal, when the wife left for the husband's group. Phenomena of surviving matrilocality also persisted (for some time a husband could live in his wife's family). Holidays and rituals of the Mansi: The most famous festival among the Mansi, as well as among the Khanty, is the bear holiday. Many modern celebrations are timed to coincide with the dates of the Orthodox calendar. Of the spring holidays, the most significant is Urine Hotel Ekva - Crow's Day, celebrated on the Annunciation (April 7). It is believed that on this day the crow brings spring, acts as the patroness of women and children. This holiday is associated with the desire for the reproduction of life, the well-being of the family, especially children. In late May - early June, Mansi celebrate the days of fishermen, hold competitions on boats, kindle a fire, sacrifices, joint meals, shamanistic rituals in order to find out at what time the fish will appear and in what places it is better to catch it. Mansi autumn holidays are associated with hunting, especially with the beginning of fur hunting, first of all, Pokrov (October 14). Among the reindeer herders, Ilyin's Day (August 2), which coincides with the end of the molting of deer, is most revered. Myths and legends of the Mansi: The mythological picture divides the Mansi world into three tiers. On the upper tier is Torum, the personification of the sky, the root cause of goodness. On the middle tier - the earth people live. The lower tier is the underground world of dark and evil forces. Mansi folklore: The folklore of the Mansi people is very extensive and diverse. A significant part of it is made up of legends and traditions. One of them is presented below. Mansi legend A long time ago, when deer were not friends with people, when the Khanty and Mansi did not travel, did not fly, but walked through forests and swamps, they got food for themselves and the wise ancient old people used to say: ”, - at the top of the Naydennaya river there was a camp of the ancient Mansi. Everyone in the camp had children, only the spirits did not send children to one family. For a long time, the husband and wife asked the spirits to send them a child. And so, when their life went to old age, like day to evening, their daughter was born. Parents began to think about what to name her. I would choose a name that would bring her happiness, ”the mother thought aloud. - Call it a party, or what? However, the evening is a time for rest, sleep, no matter how our daughter grows up lazy and sleepy. Don't be afraid, mother, - said the father. - Morning dawns in the evening. Let's call it the Supper, maybe the daughter will see in her life the light of the morning dawn from the evening. You, father, hit fairy tales, ”the mother objected. Our fairy tales are also born at bright fires in the evening, - answered the father. - And after fairy tales, beautiful dreams are dreamed, strength is added in the arms and legs, the shoulders become strong, the back bends less to the ground. Let the Party be for people an evening fairy tale with a hot living fire in the heart, let it warm people's hearts with its warmth. The mother agreed. I took my baby and carried it to the fire to show it to everyone. The wise old woman looked at the girl for the longest time, and then said: My people, this girl is not like the children I have seen. On her face, as in the sky, two dawns converge - evening and morning. It will bring a lot of joy to all of us. Mansi, delighted with the words of the wise woman, perked up, began to sing and dance around the fire. Only Compolen - the Swamp Spirit got angry, ran through the swamps and forests with a wild cry and squeal. He flew into the trees - the trees broke and with a groan fell dead to the ground. The birds got scared and scattered in different directions. The animals ran away to different urmans1, the fish lay down on the bottom of the river. Everyone was scared away by Compolen - the Swamp Spirit: he could not stand it when people rejoiced. The fire went out - the joy of the people went out. It became hard to live. Mansi walked from morning to evening through the forests and urmans, looking for the beast, but found little. Vecherina had already grown up, she began to go hunting, but the hunt was still poor and unsuccessful. Once Party was returning from hunting and stumbled upon a small, weak deer in the forest. He lay with his legs outstretched and his head thrown back, like a broken twig in a drought. Vecherina realized that the deer's mother had died somewhere. The girl took it and carried it home. She walked for a long time, she was very tired. It was hard to go with a live load, but joyfully. Goes and whispers: Live, baby, live. I'll bring it home - I'll drink the fish soup, and you'll get better. The ear replaced milk for the deer, he began to rise to his feet and eat juicy grass. And when he was fully grown, Vecherina began to take him to the best feeding places. She grazes the whole day, and in the evening she makes a smoker, sits herself on a stump, and the oleshek settles down at her feet. The party sings soft lullabies to him. Smoky smoke repels mosquitoes, an affectionate song evokes a dream. The deer closes its eyes. And Vecherina strokes the bumps on his head with a warm palm and sings about that. What her older mother, the Earth, taught her, and that the younger mother, shaking her, sang: Hush, Little Baby, Do not Say a Word, I sing a quiet song. Sleep, dear little one, Gain strength. Legs will be strong The horns will also grow. Like pines, branchy, Like the sun, radiant: Lower your eyelashes You will have a dream You go through the forest to people - You carry the sun on your feet. Let the horns grow Not from evil, but from good. Already the fawn was fast asleep, and the Party sang and sang. The birches half-asleep sang along with her, the golden pines quietly played along. Only restless aspen leaves trembled and quietly whispered to each other: Oh, the evil Spirit Compolen would not have heard these songs. Owl overheard their whisper and sang loudly: Boo Boo Boo! Do not be afraid of the villain: the swallows plugged his ears, caulked the earth. Oleshek sleeps, the earth sleeps, and the clouds have long laid down on the dark sides. The wind dozed off in the forest under the trees. Only the breezes over the deer, over the Party quietly fly - they listen to the song. Then they took the breezes in their palms a quiet song and the smoke from the smoker and carried it through the forests, distributed it to the animals. And the animals were drawn to the smoker and the Party. The deer came first, followed by the moose. The bear came, turned his nose to the smoker. For many days Vecherina at the smoker received animals, guarded them from mosquitoes and sang songs to them. Oleshek was already strong, cheered up, he ran with deer and elks, frolicked, butted heads - he tried his strength. How long, how short it lasted, only that time has passed. They fed the fawn, gave water to drink, washed the rains, whitened the snow, and the winds taught courage. He became an adult, strong, handsome. He did not walk in the herd, but floated in a white pure cloud. Now he not only came to the smokehouse himself in the evenings, but also brought many friends. And Vecherina spent whole days gathering dry stumps and tree mushrooms, laying out many smokestacks, lulling everyone to sleep with a quiet, heartfelt song. Summer passed, autumn came, white snowflake mosquitoes swirled. Vesperina's heart grew cold. I thought: her deer friends would leave her. To whom will she sing lullabies? The smart White Deer understood her, approached her, touched her hands and cheeks with warm lips, as if saying: “We will be with you, my sister, just call.” The party was delighted, thanked the White Deer, then put on a harness embroidered with patterns, decorated the horns with bright ribbons, sat on light sleds, took a carved polecat (a long pole that is controlled by deer) in her hands. The White Deer pushed off the ground with its light strong legs and soared high into the sky. And he swam across the sky like a bird soaring, lightly touching the sky with branches of decorated horns, - stripes in the sky from deer horns swayed. Vecherina extended her hand, touched them - and the stripes came to life, sparkled, flashed with bright living colors of the northern lights. The iridescent multicolor of colors embraced the icy Mansi land, penetrated into the huts through small windows covered with frosted Mansi bubbles instead of glass, lit up the dark corners of the low huts, and lit up the faces of the Mansi yearning for light with joy. It overwhelmed their hearts with joy and called them under the colored sky, into the crackling frost. The Mansi ran out into the street, saw Vesperina and her White Deer under the rainbow sky. And they slowly floated under the blazing stripes, lightly touching them, like the strings of an ancient sankvaltap (stringed musical instrument), giving birth to colored music. Music flooded over the sky, rolled down to the ground and delighted the Mansi. Since those long, long time ago, on frosty nights, when the northern sky lights up with multi-colored radiance, the Mansi have a holiday: they go out into the street to dance, and the Party is invisibly spinning with them. Bibliography
1. Barsova Gora: 110 years of archaeological research. Surgut, 2002. 2. Gorshkov S.V., Popov N.N. On the question of the beginning of the archaeological study of Barsova Gora // Barsova Gora: 110 years of archaeological research / ed. AND I. Trufanova, Yu.P. Chemyakin. Surgut, 2002. Pearl of the Ob: Surgut region. Surgut, 1996 Kokosov N.M. Khanty-Mansiysk national district: (Essay on nature and economy). - Sverdlovsk, 1956. Leonov S. Heritage of Yugra // Our heritage. 2007. No. 83-84. pp. 31-33. Morozov V.V., Shatunov N.V. Archaeological heritage of the Surgut region: to the history of scientific research // Barsova Gora: 110 years of archaeological research / ed. AND I. Trufanova, Yu.P. Chemyakin. Surgut, 2002. Peoples of Siberia: Ethnographer. feature article. M.; L., 1956. Pokazaniev F.Ya. The city is ancient, the city is glorious. Surgut, 1994. Polyakov S. A country called the North // First of September. 2000. No. 10. Regions of Russia. Main Characteristics of the Subjects of the Russian Federation: Statistical Collection. M.: Goskomstat of Russia, 2003.
In Khanty-Mansiysk, the Tourism Week was successfully held under the motto "To see Yugra - to fall in love with Russia!", where tourism products for every taste were presented. The central events were the forum "Tourism in the northern regions. Promotion and development. Experience of the regions", the event tourism fair Russian open Event Expo and the exhibition-fair "UgraTour".
“Yugra is hosting the IV All-Russian open fair of event tourism Russian open Event Expo for the first time,” said the greeting of the Minister of Culture of Russia Vladimir Medinsky. “This representative forum, actively supported by the Ministry of Culture for four years, is held outside Moscow for the first time.”
“It is significant that such a representative forum is being held in Khanty-Mansiysk,” said Kirill Kruzhalin, a member of the Presidium of the Russian Union of Tourism Industry, Kirill Kruzhalin. modern principles of public-private partnership".
453 specialists and eight thousand visitors took part in the events of the Tourism Week. In the III All-Russian competition in the field of event tourism, out of 30 prizes, half were taken by representatives of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - seven first, four second and four third. In particular, in the nomination "Leader of Event Tourism" Ugra took first place, and the city of Surgut was recognized as the "Capital of Event Tourism".
Among the notable events were the festival of historical modeling and ethnic music "Mangazeya move", the traditional holiday "Day of the Reindeer Breeder" in the village of Kazym, Beloyarsky District, the International Chess Tournament. A. Karpova.
The XIV Tourist Exhibition-Fair "UgraTour 2015" was a great success, the main goal of which is to reveal the tourist and recreational potential of the district, to demonstrate, promote and sell regional tourism products. The exhibition clearly demonstrated the attractiveness and potential of the vast tourist resources of the region, contributed to the expansion of interregional and international relations: 69 agreements were concluded, 38 of them commercial.
At the forum "Leaders of the tourism industry of Yugra" the winners of the competition of the same name were honored. Numerous business meetings, master classes, performances and tastings of national dishes were held.
"In any region there are some points of attraction that can be developed as tourist attractions. And there are many such points in Khanty-Mansiysk. Ecological tourism can develop there, and industrial tourism, that is, including all kinds of deposits.
Plus, ethnographic tourism is very developed in Khanty-Mansiysk, because small nationalities still live there, who have their own unique culture, which is not represented anywhere else in the world. It would be useful for the development of this culture, including the development of local customs, all kinds of rituals, etc. And if you make the right product out of this, then it would be very interesting for tourists. Moreover, the transport accessibility there is very good," Alexander Bandurin, Vice-Rector for Research at the Moscow State Institute of Tourism Industry named after Yu. A. Senkevich, told Pravda.Ru.
The expert noted that event tourism is also developed in Ugra, various forums, festivals, sports events are regularly held there.
“Against the background of the fact that the region has already gained some fame in the world, it is now useful to develop additional types of tourism, which can really become much more widespread,” Alexander Bandurin emphasized. “Event tourism is still associated with some specific events, and they take place at very specific intervals of time.
And if we talk about regular tourism, when tourists constantly stay, then it seems to me that it would be interesting to develop such areas as ecotourism, ethno-tourism and industrial tourism, taking into account all sorts of nuances associated with mining."
The comprehensive development of tourism is facilitated by the state program "Development of Culture and Tourism in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra for 2014-2020", the Concept for the Development of Domestic and Inbound Tourism in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the law "On Tourism of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra". They define the main tasks of the state policy for the integrated, systemic development of the tourism industry, provide for effective economic implementation mechanisms, create conditions for the implementation of investment projects, and introduce new high-quality services for guests and the local population.
Three tourist and recreational zones have been identified. Vostochnaya is perfect for ethnographic, cultural, educational, river tourism and organizing tours to oil fields. Active routes have been formed in the northern zone: on foot, on bicycles, on boats and catamarans, on ATVs and on helicopters.
On the territory of the Subpolar Urals, it is planned to create a natural park "Maninskiy". The western zone is promising for ecological, ethnographic, event, sports, health-improving and cultural-educational types of tourism.
Ugra tour operators have developed and are implementing more than 300 tourist programs and routes of various kinds: from fishing and hunting to religious and from extreme to gastronomic, for every taste and color. Ecological travels are becoming more and more popular and attractive; on the vast land of Yugra, there are almost limitless opportunities for this. There are 24 specially protected natural areas with a total area of almost three million hectares.
Natural parks organize local history programs on ecological trails, allowing you to study in detail the flora and fauna of Yugra, objects of historical and cultural heritage: the Deep Sabun summer tour, the Big Ah weekend tour, the In the Forest Land route ...
In October, the ecological-tourist Rope Park on Trees and the Defensive Settlement of the Iron Age were opened near the scientific station of the Kondinsky Lakes natural park.
The village of Berezovo, included in the list of historical settlements in Russia, is associated with the names of Alexander Menshikov, the boyars Dolgoruky and Leon Trotsky. In a small town - more than 40 monuments of history and culture. At the confluence of the Ob and the Irtysh, there is the first floating chapel-lighthouse in Russia, which won first place in the festival-competition "Divo of Russia" and was recognized as the "Magic Place of Russia". The cultural and tourist complex "Archeopark" in Khanty-Mansiysk is a unique park of life-size bronze sculptures of the inhabitants of the Stone Age.
The ethnographic open-air museum "Torum Maa" in the nature reserve "Samarovskiy Chugas" presents an exposition: the summer camp of the Khanty of the Agan River, the winter settlement of the northern Mansi, the sanctuary of the Ob Ugrians.
There is a growing interest in the history of the development of Siberia and the largest oil fields. Oil tours "Star Trek Pioneers", "On the Big Yugan", "Europe beyond the Urals", "At the origins of big oil", "Ancient and new traditions of the oil region", to the first gas well "R-1", the legendary lake Samotlor and other historical industrial sites.
At the end of summer, the Adventure Expedition "Trail of pioneers. Manaraga" took place, dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the formation of the Autonomous Okrug and the memory of pioneer geologists. The route passed through the territory of Yugra and the Komi Republic. The expedition members on quad bikes and jeeps drove through the iconic places of the Subpolar Urals, visited the mysterious Pyramid Mountain and the legendary Manaraga.
The Museum of the Natural Park "Samarovsky Chugas" has just opened its doors after the repair. There is an exhibition "Samarovo on Ilyin's Day" based on the book by Khrisanf Loparev "Samarovo, a village in the Tobolsk province and district: a chronicle, memories and materials about the past". The exposition recreates the way of life of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
“The Yugra government considers the development of tourism a promising direction,” said Natalia Komarova, Governor of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. “We plan to significantly increase the flow of tourists through the active development of sports, cultural and business tourism.
Last year, a trial tour took place with climbing Mount Narodnaya, which is located on the territory of Yugra and is the highest point in the Ural Mountains, one hundred participants of different age groups with different levels of sports and tourist training. Now this route is a formed tourist product. Ugra has beautiful rivers and wonderful taiga. Hunting and fishing, picking berries and mushrooms is a great pleasure. Nature rewards our land with luxurious and varied gifts.
The cultural and trade traditions of indigenous peoples are preserved. It is an exciting and interesting world filled with myths and legends. Traveling around Ugra is both psychological and ethnographic tourism. This area can give a good result for the economy and become a source of its growth.
The industry has very good opportunities to create interesting jobs for the people of Yugra, including representatives of the indigenous peoples of the North. Tourism gives them the opportunity to lead a traditional way of life and management. This resource makes our opportunities absolutely unique, we are exclusive here, and this is especially appreciated all over the world."
Catalogs of tourist offers, including "Sources of Yugra", are posted on the thematic site - www.tourism.admhmao.ru, in the section "Tourism in Ugra".
Taiga, Ural, Ob, vast expanses of virgin nature… severe, but beautiful and generous. Such are the wonders of the Yugra land. And many more of its places are waiting for their pioneers, romantics - discoverers of miracles.
