103rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade- mobile brigade of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. Refers to the type of troops of the special operations forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. Year of formation - 1944 (as a division), 1993 - as a separate mobile brigade. Deployed to Frunze Avenue. The main task of the brigade is the training of units of the special operations forces of the Republic of Belarus.
History of the brigade
In August 1944, from the units and formations that arrived from the active army, as well as from the newly formed ones, three guards airborne corps were created as part of the airborne troops - the 37th, 38th and 39th, which in October of the same year were consolidated into the Separate Guards Airborne Army. It included nine guards airborne divisions - the 13th, 98th and 99th (37th VDK), 11th, 12th and 16th (38th VDK), 8th, 14th and 100th (39th VDK). But in this form, the army did not last long. In December 1944, it was decided to send airborne troops into battle in the most important sector as rifle divisions. The reorganization of the Airborne Forces began according to the states of rifle divisions. As a result, the combined arms 9th Guards Army was created as part of three corps (37th, 38th and 39th). Corps and divisions began to be called rifle, some divisions received new numbers.
On the basis of the order of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command No. 0047 dated 12/18/1944 and the order of the commander of the 37th Guards Rifle Svir Corps No. 0073 dated December 28, 1944, the 103rd Guards Rifle Division is formed on the basis of the 13th Guards Airborne Division.
On June 3, 1946, the 103rd Guards Rifle Division was reorganized into the 103rd Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class Airborne Division. Since 1946, the division has been stationed in Vitebsk.
In 1968, the 103rd Airborne Division took part in Operation Danube during the invasion of Czechoslovakia.
The division participated in the war in Afghanistan from the first (December 25, 1979) to the last (February 15, 1989) day.
In 1993, on the basis of the division's administration, the administration of the Mobile Forces of the Republic of Belarus was created. On the basis of the 317th infantry brigade - the 317th separate mobile brigade On the basis of the 350th infantry brigade - the 350th separate mobile brigade On the basis of the 357th infantry brigade - the 357th separate training mobile battalion. Artillery regiment - disbanded
In 1995, the Mobile Forces Directorate was transferred to the ground forces. In the same year, the 357th oumobb was disbanded.
In 2002, the 350th omobbr and the mobile forces department were disbanded. At the end of 2002, the banner of the 103rd airborne division was handed over to the 317th separate mobile brigade. From that moment on, it became known as the 103rd separate mobile brigade.
By the end of 2010, on the basis of the training ground of the 103rd Guards Separate Mobile Brigade "Losvido", it is planned to create a training center for training special operations forces. This center will ensure the implementation of measures to improve the special training of military personnel, the coordination of units of the SOF of the Armed Forces.
The Losvido training ground of military unit 52287 is located near the village of Mashkino Zaronovsky village council. Within a radius of 5 kilometers settlements - Bolshoye Losvido, Savchenki, Bliny, Zaronovo, Poloyniki, Ivanovo .
August 2, 2016 103rd Separate Guards Mobile Brigade was renamed to 103rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade.
Aviation scenes from the cult for paratroopers movie"In the zone of special attention" (1977) was filmed in Vitebsk at a military airfield Vitebsk-Northern , 3rd Guards Military Transport Aviation Division, based in Vitebsk in 1947-1996.
Gallery
Paratroopers at the airfield in Zhurzhevo. Frame from the film "In the zone of special attention" (1977)
Paratroopers at the airfield in Zhurzhevo. Frame from the film "In the zone of special attention" (1977)
Memorial to fallen soldiers in Afghanistan on the territory of the 103 mobile brigade.
Flag of the Airborne Forces 103 Guards. VDD. On this page you will learn the history of the Vitebsk paratroopers, as well as the fact that the famous division is now called the 103rd mobile brigade.
Characteristics
- 103 Guards. VDD
- 103 Guards. VDD
- Vitebsk
- military unit 07197
Flag of the Airborne Forces 103 Guards. VDD
Absolutely all formations of the Airborne Forces deserve great respect for their fortitude and ability to carry out tasks in the most difficult terrain and fierce enemy resistance. But among all the legendary units and divisions, there are those that can be talked about for a very long time and that paratroopers can be especially proud of belonging to. Without a doubt, 103 Guards. VDD from this number.
103rd Vitebsk division as part of the USSR Airborne Forces
In June 1946, an airborne division was formed in place of the 103rd Guards Division. The initial composition of the compound included: 39 Guards. pdp, 317 guards. pdp and 322 guards. pdp, as well as 15 guards. artillery regiment, supply and support units.
In the mid-50s, the 114th Airborne Division was disbanded, from which 350 Guards. airborne regiment and 357 guards. PDP are transferred to the Vitebsk division of the Airborne Forces. These regiments replace the disbanded 39th and 322nd Airborne Regiments.
The "Prague Spring" of 1968 was a test for the paratroopers. Fulfilling the task of the Soviet government and the command of the Airborne Forces, the soldiers of the 103rd division proved to be very worthy, not disgracing the colors of the Airborne Forces.
Afghanistan
The operation "Baikal-79", which became the first combat mission of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, largely fell on the shoulders of the 103rd Guards Division of the Airborne Forces. The operational plans of the division included 17 key objects that needed to be captured and held. The most famous for a wide range of those interested in the war in the DRA is the assault on the palace of Amin - the famous fortress of Taj Beck. Vadim Alekseevich Kirpichenko led the assault, and the Vitebsk paratroopers played the main role.
Perhaps, in all the Armed Forces of the USSR there was no other such division that participated in so many official and unofficial command operations. Every minute, units of the Vitebsk division: 350 infantry regiments, 357 infantry regiments, 317 infantry regiments were ready to leave their place of permanent deployment and head to any point in this mountainous and desert country. One could be sure of one thing - where our troops are, there is victory.
Almost 10 years spent in Afghanistan gave the country many heroes. About 11 thousand paratroopers of the division were awarded combat medals and orders, 7 fighters and commanders were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Among the last paratroopers of the division left Afghanistan. Having deployed the Battle Banners, on February 5, 1989, he crossed the Soviet border of the 317th Guards. parachute regiment, February 7 - 357 Airborne Regiment and February 12 - 350 airborne troops. Until February 14, the airfield in Kabul was guarded by a consolidated formation based on the battalion 357 pdp.
103 separate mobile brigade - successor to the division
Since May 20, 1992, the 103rd Airborne Division (commander - Kalabukhov Grigory Andreevich) has been part of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. The command of the Belarusian Armed Forces made a decision to rebuild the structure of the army on a brigade basis. As a result, the Directorate of the Mobile Forces of the Republic of Belarus was created on the basis of the Division's Directorate (at the moment it has been transformed into the Directorate of the Special Operations Forces). The 317th infantry regiment was reorganized into the 317th mobile brigade, and the 350th airborne regiment into the 350th mobile brigade. 357 PDP, it was decided to transform into 357 battalion (separate training). The artillery regiment and other units were withdrawn from the division back in 1990-1991.
In 2002, the 317th mobile brigade received the Battle Banner of the 103rd Guards. VDD and gets the name 103 separate mobile brigade. To date, the 103rd Guards Separate Mobile Brigade is a well-trained unit that continues the traditions of its predecessor. The 103rd Vitebsk brigade is still ready to go into battle at any moment if the enemy crosses the borders of the Republic of Belarus.
According to the latest information, presumably in 2014-2015, the 103rd mobile brigade will leave Vitebsk, redeploying to another garrison on the territory of Belarus.
Over the years, many thousands of brave paratroopers have passed through the 103rd Airborne Division and its successor, showing what real warriors should be like.
The Great Patriotic War
The division was formed in 1946 as a result of the reorganization of the 103rd Guards. rifle division.
On December 18, 1944, on the basis of the order of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, the 103rd Guards Rifle Division began to form on the basis of the 13th Guards Airborne Division.
The formation of the division took place in the city of Bykhov, Mogilev Region, Byelorussian SSR. The division arrived here from its former location - the city of Teikovo, Ivanovo Region, RSFSR. Almost all of the division's officers had significant combat experience. Many of them landed behind German lines in September 1943 as part of the 3rd Guards Airborne Brigade, providing our troops with the crossing of the Dnieper.
By the beginning of January 1945, units of the division were fully equipped with personnel, weapons, military equipment (January 1, 1945 is considered to be the birthday of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division).
She participated in the fighting in the area of Lake Balaton during the Vienna Offensive.
On May 1, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 26, 1945 on awarding the division with the Orders of the Red Banner and Kutuzov of the 2nd degree was read to the personnel. 317th and 324th Guards Rifle Regiments divisions were awarded the orders of Alexander Nevsky, and 322nd Guards Rifle Regiment- Order of Kutuzov 2nd degree.
On May 12, units of the division entered the Czechoslovak city of Trebon, in the vicinity of which they camped, starting planned combat training. On this, the participation of the division in the battles against fascism was completed. During the entire period of hostilities, the division destroyed more than 10 thousand Nazis, captured about 6 thousand soldiers and officers.
For their heroism, 3521 servicemen of the division were awarded orders and medals, and five guardsmen were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
post-war period
By May 9, 1945, the division concentrated near the city of Szeged (Hungary), where it remained until the end of the year. By February 10, 1946, she arrived at the place of her new deployment in the Seltsy camp in the Ryazan Region.
On June 3, 1946, in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the division was reorganized into 103rd Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class Airborne and had the following composition:
- Divisional Command and Headquarters
- 317th Guards Order of Alexander Nevsky Airborne Regiment
- 322nd Guards Order of Kutuzov Airborne Regiment
- 39th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov 2nd Class Airborne Regiment
- 15th Guards Artillery Regiment
- 116th separate guards anti-tank artillery battalion
- 105th Separate Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion
- 572nd Separate Kielce Red Banner Self-Propelled Division
- separate guards training battalion
- 130th separate engineer battalion
- 112th separate guards reconnaissance company
- 13th Separate Guards Signal Company
- 274th transport autorote
- 245th field bakery
- 6th separate airborne support company
- 175th separate medical and sanitary company
On August 5, 1946, the personnel began combat training according to the plan of the Airborne Forces. Soon the division was redeployed to the city of Polotsk.
In 1955-1956, the 114th Guards Vienna Red Banner Airborne Division was disbanded, which was stationed near the Borovukha station of the Polotsk region. Two of its regiments - the 350th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov 3rd Class Parachute Regiment and the 357th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov 3rd Class Parachute Regiment - became part of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division. The 322nd Guards Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class Airborne Regiment and the 39th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov 2nd Class Airborne Regiment, which had previously been part of the 103rd Airborne Division, were also disbanded.
In accordance with the directive of the General Staff of January 21, 1955 No. org / 2/462396, in order to improve the organization of the Airborne Forces, by April 25, 1955, in the 103rd Guards. VDD left 2 regiments. The 322nd Guards was disbanded. pdp.
In connection with the transfer Guards Airborne Divisions to a new organizational structure and an increase in their numbers were formed as part of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division:
- 133rd separate anti-tank artillery battalion (numbering 165 people) - one of the battalions of the 1185th artillery regiment of the 11th Guards Airborne Division was used. The point of deployment is the city of Vitebsk.
- 50th Separate Aeronautical Detachment (numbering 73 people) - Aeronautical units of the regiments of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division were used. The point of deployment is the city of Vitebsk.
On March 4, 1955, the Directive of the General Staff was issued, on streamlining the numbering of military units. According to it, on April 30, 1955, the serial number of 572nd separate self-propelled artillery battalion 103rd Guards. vdd on 62nd.
December 29, 1958 on the basis of the order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 0228 7 individual military transport aviation squadrons (ovtae) An-2 VTA aircraft (100 people each) were transferred to the Airborne Forces. According to this order, on January 6, 1959, by the Directive of the Commander of the Airborne Forces in the 103rd Guards. vdd transferred 210th Separate Military Transport Aviation Squadron (210th ovtae) .
From August 21 to October 20, 1968, the 103rd Guards. the airborne division, by order of the government, was on the territory of Czechoslovakia and participated in the armed suppression of the Prague Spring.
Participation in major military exercises
103rd Guards. VDD participated in the following major exercises:
Participation in the Afghan war
Combat activities of the division
On December 25, 1979, units of the division crossed the Soviet-Afghan border by air and became part of the Limited Contingent of Soviet Forces in Afghanistan.
Throughout the entire period of stay on Afghan soil, the division took an active part in military operations of various scales.
For the successful completion of assigned combat missions in the Republic of Afghanistan, the 103rd division was awarded the highest state award of the USSR, the Order of Lenin.
The first combat mission assigned to the 103rd division was Operation Baikal-79 to capture important facilities in Kabul. The operation plan provided for the capture of 17 key facilities in the Afghan capital. Among them are the buildings of ministries, headquarters, a prison for political prisoners, a radio center and a television center, a post office and a telegraph. At the same time, it was planned to block the headquarters, military units and formations of the Armed Forces of the DRA located in the Afghan capital by paratroopers and units of the 108th motorized rifle division arriving in Kabul.
Parts of the division were among the last to leave Afghanistan. February 7, 1989 crossed the State border of the USSR: 317th Guards Airborne Regiment - February 5, Division Command, 357th Guards Airborne Regiment and 1179th Artillery Regiment. The 350th Guards Airborne Regiment was withdrawn on February 12, 1989.
The grouping under the command of the guard Lieutenant Colonel V. M. Voitko, which was based on a reinforced 3rd Airborne Battalion 357th regiment (guard commander Major Boltikov V.V.), from the end of January to February 14, she was guarding the Kabul airport.
In early March 1989, the entire personnel of the division returned to their former location in the Byelorussian SSR.
Awards for participation in the Afghan war
During the Afghan war, 11 thousand officers, ensigns, soldiers and sergeants who served in the division were awarded orders and medals:
On the battle banner of the division, the Order of Lenin was added to the orders of the Red Banner and Kutuzov 2nd degree in 1980.
Heroes of the Soviet Union 103rd Guards Airborne Division
For courage and heroism shown in providing international assistance to the Republic of Afghanistan, by Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the following servicemen of the 103rd Guards were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. vdd:
Composition of the 103rd Guards. vdd
- Division management
- 317th Guards Airborne Regiment
- 357th Guards Airborne Regiment
- 1179th Guards Red Banner Artillery Regiment
- 62nd separate tank battalion
- 742nd Separate Guards Communications Battalion
- 105th Separate Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion
- 20th separate repair battalion
- 130th Separate Guards Engineer Battalion
- 1388th Separate Logistics Battalion
- 115th separate medical and sanitary battalion
- 80th Separate Guards Reconnaissance Company
Note :
- Due to the need to strengthen parts of the division 62nd separate self-propelled artillery battalion which was armed with obsolete self-propelled artillery mounts ASU-85, in 1985 it was reorganized into 62nd separate tank battalion and received the T-55AM tanks. With the withdrawal of troops, this military unit was disbanded.
- Since 1982, in the line regiments of the division, all BMD-1s have been replaced with more protected and powerful weapons BMP-2s, which have a large motor resource
- As unnecessary, all regiments were disbanded airborne support companies
- The 609th separate airborne support battalion was not introduced to Afghanistan in December 1979
Division in the period after the withdrawal from Afghanistan and before the collapse of the USSR
Business trip to Transcaucasia
In January 1990, due to the difficult situation in Transcaucasia, from the Soviet army they were reassigned to the Border Troops of the KGB of the USSR 103rd Guards Airborne Division and the 75th Motor Rifle Division. The combat mission of these formations was to strengthen the detachments of the border troops guarding the State border of the USSR with Iran and Turkey. The formations were subordinated to the KGB PV of the USSR from January 4, 1990 to August 28, 1991. .
At the same time, from the 103rd Guards. vdd were excluded 1179th artillery regiment of the division, and .
It should be noted that the reassignment of the division to another department caused ambiguous assessments in the leadership of the USSR Armed Forces:
I must say that the 103rd division is one of the most honored in the airborne troops. It has a glorious history dating back to the times of the Great Patriotic War. Never and nowhere did the division drop its dignity even in the post-war period. Glorious fighting traditions steadfastly lived in it. This is probably why in December 1979 the division c. among the first to enter Afghanistan and among the last to leave it in February 1989. The officers and soldiers of the division clearly fulfilled their duty to the Motherland. During these nine years, the division fought almost continuously. Hundreds and thousands of its servicemen were awarded government awards, more than ten people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, including generals: A. E. Slyusar, P. S. Grachev, Lieutenant Colonel A. N. Siluyanov. It was a normal, cool airborne division, which does not put a finger in its mouth. At the end of the war in Afghanistan, the division returned to its native Vitebsk, in fact, to nothing. In almost ten years, a lot of water has flowed under the bridge. The barracks housing stock was transferred to other parts. The landfills were looted and seriously dilapidated. The division was met on its native side by a picture reminiscent, in the apt expression of General D.S. Sukhorukov, "an old village cemetery with rickety crosses." An impenetrable wall of social problems stood before the division (just out of combat). There were "smart heads" who, using the growing tension in society, proposed a non-standard move - to transfer the division to the State Security Committee. No division - no problem. And ... they handed it over, creating a situation where the division was no longer "VED", but also not "KGB". That is, no one needs it at all. "You ate two rabbits, I ate none, but on average one each." Combat officers have been turned into clowns. Green caps, green shoulder straps, blue vests, symbols on caps, shoulder straps and chest - paratrooper. Among the people, such a wild mixture of forms was aptly dubbed the “conductor”.
Participation of units of the 103rd Guards. airborne division in the re-formation of the 105th Guards. vdd
March-April 1991 1179th Guards. up, 609th Separate Airborne Support Battalion and 105th Separate Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion were redeployed to Fergana of the Uzbek SSR to be included in the 105th Guards Airborne Division of the second formation, which was also supposed to include in its composition the 387th separate training paratrooper regiment, the 35th and 56th separate guards airborne assault brigades.
Division after the collapse of the USSR
On May 20, 1992, by directive of the Minister of Defense of the Republic of Belarus No. 5/0251, the 103rd Guards Airborne Division of the Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Order of Kutuzov was included in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.
In 1993, on the basis of the management of the 103rd Guards. vdd was created Department of the Mobile Forces of the Republic of Belarus whose successor at this historical stage is the Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.
- 317th Guards. pdp - 317th separate mobile brigade
- 350th Guards. pdp - 350th separate mobile brigade
- 357th Guards. pdp - 357th separate training mobile battalion
At the end of 2002 317th separate mobile brigade The flag of the Armed Forces of Belarus was handed over 103rd Guards. vdd. From that moment on, it bears the name 103rd separate mobile brigade(belor. 103rd Guards Special Mobile Brigade)
August 2, 2016 103rd Separate Guards Mobile Brigade was renamed to 103rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade.
List of commanders
| Rank | Name | years | |
|---|---|---|---|
| guard colonel | Stepanov, Sergei Prokhorovich | 1944–1945 | |
| Major General of the Guard | Bochkov, Fyodor Fyodorovich | 1945–1948 | |
|
Major General of the Guard | Denisenko, Mikhail Ivanovich | 1948–1949 |
| guard colonel | Kozlov, Viktor Georgievich | 1949–1952 | |
| Major General of the Guard | Popov, Illarion Grigorievich | 1952–1956 | |
| Major General of the Guard | Aglitsky, Mikhail Pavlovich | 1956–1959 | |
| guard colonel | Shkrudnev, Dmitry Grigorievich | 1959–1961 | |
| guard colonel | Kobzar, Ivan Vasilievich | 1961–1964 | |
| Major General of the Guard | Kashnikov, Mikhail I. | 1964–1968 | |
| Major General of the Guard | Yatsenko, Alexander I. | 1968–1974 | |
| Major General of the Guard | Makarov, Nikolai Arsenievich | 1974–1976 | |
| Major General of the Guard | Ryabchenko, Ivan Fyodorovich | 1976–1981 | |
|
Major General of the Guard | Slyusar, Albert Evdokimovich | 1981–1984 |
| Major General of the Guard | Yarygin, Yurantin Vasilievich | 1984–1985 | |
|
Major General of the Guard | Grachev, Pavel Sergeevich | 1985–1988 |
| Major General of the Guard | Bocharov, Evgeny Mikhailovich | 1988–1991 | |
| guard colonel | Kalabukhov, Grigory Andreevich | 1991–1992 |
Personalii who served in the 103rd Guards. vdd
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An excerpt characterizing the 103rd Guards Airborne Division
But the calm sea suddenly rises. It seems to diplomats that they, their disagreements, are the cause of this new onslaught of forces; they expect war between their sovereigns; their position seems insurmountable. But the wave they feel rising is not coming from where they are waiting for it. The same wave rises, from the same starting point of movement - Paris. The last splash of movement from the west is being made; a splash that should solve the seemingly insoluble diplomatic difficulties and put an end to the militant movement of this period.The man who devastated France, alone, without a conspiracy, without soldiers, comes to France. Every watchman can take it; but, by a strange chance, not only does no one take it, but everyone greets with delight that person who was cursed a day ago and will be cursed in a month.
This person is also needed to justify the last cumulative action.
The action has been completed. The last part has been played. The actor is ordered to undress and wash off the antimony and rouge: he will no longer be needed.
And several years pass in that this man, alone on his island, plays a miserable comedy in front of himself, petty intrigues and lies, justifying his deeds, when this justification is no longer needed, and shows the whole world what it was what people took for strength when an invisible hand led them.
The steward, having finished the drama and undressed the actor, showed him to us.
“Look what you believed! There he is! Do you see now that it was not he but I who moved you?
But, blinded by the force of the movement, people did not understand this for a long time.
Still greater consistency and necessity is the life of Alexander I, the person who stood at the head of the countermovement from east to west.
What is needed for that person who, overshadowing others, would be at the head of this movement from east to west?
What is needed is a sense of justice, participation in the affairs of Europe, but remote, not obscured by petty interests; the predominance of moral heights over associates - the sovereigns of that time; a meek and attractive personality is needed; need a personal insult against Napoleon. And all this is in Alexander I; all this was prepared by the countless so-called accidents of his entire past life: both his upbringing, and liberal undertakings, and the advisers around him, and Austerlitz, and Tilsit, and Erfurt.
During a people's war, this person is inactive, since it is not needed. But as soon as the need for a common European war arises, this person at the moment appears in his place and, uniting the European peoples, leads them to the goal.
The goal has been reached. After the last war of 1815, Alexander is at the pinnacle of possible human power. How does he use it?
Alexander I, appeaser of Europe, a man who from a young age strove only for the good of his peoples, the first instigator of liberal innovations in his fatherland, now that he seems to have the greatest power and therefore the opportunity to do the good of his peoples, while Napoleon in exile makes childish and false plans about how he would make mankind happy if he had power, Alexander I, having fulfilled his calling and feeling the hand of God on himself, suddenly recognizes the insignificance of this imaginary power, turns away from it, transfers it into the hands of those despised by him and contemptible people and only says:
“Not to us, not to us, but to your name!” I am a human too, just like you; leave me to live like a man and think about my soul and about God.
Just as the sun and each atom of the ether are a ball, complete in itself, and at the same time only an atom of the whole inaccessible to man in terms of the immensity of the whole, so each person carries his own goals in himself and meanwhile wears them in order to serve common goals inaccessible to man. .
A bee sitting on a flower stung the child. And the child is afraid of bees and says that the purpose of the bee is to sting people. The poet admires the bee, clinging to the cup of the flower, and says that the purpose of the bee is to absorb the aroma of flowers into itself. The beekeeper, noticing that the bee collects flower dust and brings it to the hive, says that the purpose of the bee is to collect honey. Another beekeeper, having studied the life of the swarm more closely, says that the bee collects dust for feeding young bees and breeding the queen, that its purpose is to procreate. The botanist notices that, flying with the dust of a dioecious flower to the pistil, the bee fertilizes it, and the botanist sees the purpose of the bee in this. Another, observing the migration of plants, sees that the bee contributes to this migration, and this new observer can say that this is the purpose of the bee. But the ultimate goal of the bee is not exhausted by either one or the other, or the third goal that the human mind is able to discover. The higher the human mind rises in discovering these goals, the more obvious for it is the inaccessibility of the final goal.
Man can only observe the correspondence between the life of a bee and other phenomena of life. The same with the goals of historical persons and peoples.
The wedding of Natasha, who married Bezukhov in 13, was the last joyful event in the old Rostov family. In the same year, Count Ilya Andreevich died, and, as always happens, the old family fell apart with his death.
The events of the last year: the fire of Moscow and the flight from it, the death of Prince Andrei and the despair of Natasha, the death of Petya, the grief of the countess - all this, like blow after blow, fell on the head of the old count. He did not seem to understand and felt himself unable to understand the significance of all these events and, morally bending his old head, as if he expected and asked for new blows that would finish him off. He seemed now frightened and confused, then unnaturally lively and enterprising.
Natasha's wedding temporarily occupied him with its outer side. He ordered lunches and dinners and, apparently, wanted to appear cheerful; but his joy was not communicated, as before, but, on the contrary, aroused compassion in people who knew and loved him.
After Pierre and his wife left, he calmed down and began to complain of longing. A few days later he fell ill and went to bed. From the first days of his illness, despite the consolations of the doctors, he realized that he could not get up. The countess, without undressing, spent two weeks in an armchair at his head. Every time she gave him medicine, he silently kissed her hand, sobbing. On the last day, weeping, he asked for forgiveness from his wife and in absentia from his son for the ruin of the estate - the main guilt that he felt for himself. Having taken communion and having received special blessings, he died quietly, and the next day a crowd of acquaintances who had come to pay their last debt to the deceased filled the Rostovs' rented apartment. All these acquaintances, who had dined and danced with him so many times, laughed at him so many times, now all with the same feeling of inner reproach and tenderness, as if justifying themselves before someone, said: Human. You won’t meet such people today ... And who doesn’t have their weaknesses? .. ”
It was at a time when the count's affairs were so confused that it was impossible to imagine how it would all end if another year continued, he suddenly died.
Nicholas was with the Russian troops in Paris when the news of his father's death came to him. He immediately resigned and, without waiting for it, took a vacation and came to Moscow. The state of money affairs a month after the death of the count was completely outlined, surprising everyone with the enormity of the amount of various small debts, the existence of which no one suspected. There were twice as many debts as estates.
Relatives and friends advised Nicholas to abandon the inheritance. But Nikolai saw in the refusal of the inheritance an expression of reproach to the memory of his father, sacred to him, and therefore did not want to hear about the refusal and accepted the inheritance with the obligation to pay debts.
Creditors, who had been silent for so long, being bound during the life of the count by that indefinite but powerful influence that his licentious kindness had on them, suddenly all filed for recovery. There was, as always happens, a competition to see who would get it first, and those very people who, like Mitenka and others, had non-monetary bills of exchange—gifts—now became the most exacting creditors. Nikolai was given neither time nor rest, and those who, apparently, felt sorry for the old man who was responsible for their loss (if there were losses), now ruthlessly attacked the apparently innocent young heir in front of them, who voluntarily took upon himself the payment.
None of the turnovers proposed by Nikolai succeeded; the estate was sold under the hammer at half price, and half of the debts still remained unpaid. Nikolai took the thirty thousand offered to him by his son-in-law Bezukhov to pay that part of the debts that he recognized as monetary, real debts. And in order not to be put in a hole for the remaining debts, which the creditors threatened him with, he again entered the service.
It was impossible to go to the army, where he was in the first vacancy of a regimental commander, because the mother now held on to her son, as to the last bait of life; and therefore, despite his unwillingness to remain in Moscow in the circle of people who knew him before, despite his disgust for the civil service, he took a place in the civil service in Moscow and, having taken off his favorite uniform, settled with his mother and Sonya in a small apartment, on Sivtsev Vrazhka.
Natasha and Pierre lived at that time in St. Petersburg, having no clear idea about the situation of Nicholas. Nikolai, having borrowed money from his son-in-law, tried to hide his plight from him. Nikolai's situation was especially bad because with his one thousand two hundred rubles of salary he not only had to support himself, Sonya and his mother, but he had to support his mother so that she did not notice that they were poor. The countess could not understand the possibilities of life without the conditions of luxury familiar to her from childhood, and incessantly, not realizing how difficult it was for her son, she demanded either a carriage, which they did not have, to send for a friend, or expensive food for herself and wine for son, then money to make a surprise gift to Natasha, Sonya and the same Nikolai.
Sonya ran the household, looked after her aunt, read aloud to her, endured her whims and secret dislikes, and helped Nikolai hide from the old countess the state of need in which they were. Nikolai felt indebted to Sonya for everything she did for his mother, admired her patience and devotion, but tried to move away from her.
In his soul, he seemed to reproach her for being too perfect, and for the fact that there was nothing to reproach her for. It had everything for which people are valued; but it wasn't enough to make him love her. And he felt that the more he appreciated, the less he loved her. He took her at her word, in her letter, with which she gave him freedom, and now behaved with her as if everything that had been between them had long been forgotten and in no case could be repeated.
Nikolai's situation got worse and worse. The idea of saving from your salary turned out to be a dream. He not only did not put off, but, satisfying the requirements of his mother, he owed on trifles. There was no way out of his position. The thought of marrying a wealthy heiress, who was offered to him by his relatives, was disgusting to him. Another way out of his situation - the death of his mother - never occurred to him. He wanted nothing, hoped for nothing; and in the very depths of his soul he experienced a gloomy and austere pleasure in the meek transfer of his position. He tried to avoid former acquaintances with their condolences and offers of insulting help, avoided all distraction and entertainment, even at home he did nothing but lay out cards with his mother, silently walk around the room and smoke pipe after pipe. It was as if he diligently observed in himself that gloomy mood of spirit, in which alone he felt himself able to endure his position.
At the beginning of winter, Princess Marya arrived in Moscow. From city rumors, she learned about the position of the Rostovs and how “the son sacrificed himself for his mother,” as they said in the city.
“I didn’t expect anything else from him,” Princess Mary said to herself, feeling a joyful confirmation of her love for him. Remembering her friendly and almost family relations with the whole family, she considered it her duty to go to them. But, recalling her relationship with Nikolai in Voronezh, she was afraid of this. Having made a great effort on herself, however, a few weeks after her arrival in the city, she came to the Rostovs.
Nikolai was the first to meet her, since the only way to get to the countess was through his room. At the first glance at her, instead of expressing the joy that Princess Marya expected to see on him, Nikolai's face took on an expression of coldness, dryness and pride that the princess had never seen before. Nikolai asked about her health, took her to her mother and, after sitting for about five minutes, left the room.
When the princess left the countess, Nikolai again met her and especially solemnly and dryly escorted her to the hall. He made no reply to her remarks about the health of the Countess. “What do you care? Leave me alone,” his eyes said.
- And what's going on? What does she need? I can't stand these ladies and all these courtesies! - he said aloud in front of Sonya, apparently unable to restrain his annoyance after the princess's carriage drove away from the house.
“Oh, how can you say that, Nicolas! - said Sonya, barely hiding her joy. She is so kind and maman loves her so much.
Nikolai did not answer anything and would like not to talk more about the princess at all. But since her visit, the old countess had spoken of her several times every day.
The countess praised her, demanded that her son go to her, expressed a desire to see her more often, but at the same time she always became out of sorts when she talked about her.
Nikolai tried to remain silent when his mother spoke of the princess, but his silence irritated the countess.
“She is a very worthy and beautiful girl,” she said, “and you should go to her. All the same, you will see someone; otherwise you are bored, I think, with us.
- Yes, I do not want at all, mother.
“I wanted to see it, but now I don’t want to.” I really don't understand you, my dear. Either you're bored, or you suddenly don't want to see anyone.
- I didn't say I was bored.
“Well, you said yourself that you don’t even want to see her. She is a very worthy girl, and you have always liked her; and now suddenly some reasons. Everything is hidden from me.
- Not at all, mother.
- If I asked you to do something unpleasant, otherwise I ask you to go and pay a visit. It seems that courtesy also requires ... I asked you and now I no longer interfere when you have secrets from your mother.
Yes, I'll go if you want.
- I don't care; I wish for you.
Nikolai sighed, biting his mustache, and laid out the cards, trying to divert his mother's attention to another subject.
On the next, on the third and on the fourth day the same conversation was repeated.
After her visit to the Rostovs and that unexpected, cold reception given to her by Nikolai, Princess Marya admitted to herself that she was right in not wanting to go first to the Rostovs.
“I didn’t expect anything else,” she said to herself, calling on her pride to help. “I don’t care about him, and I just wanted to see the old woman who was always kind to me and to whom I owe a lot.”
But she could not be comforted by these considerations: a feeling akin to remorse tormented her when she recalled her visit. Despite the fact that she had firmly resolved not to go to the Rostovs again and forget all this, she felt constantly in an indefinite position. And when she asked herself what it was that tormented her, she had to admit that it was her relationship with Rostov. His cold, courteous tone did not follow from his feelings for her (she knew this), but this tone covered up something. This is something she needed to explain; and until then she felt that she could not be at peace.
In the middle of winter, she was sitting in the classroom, following the lessons of her nephew, when they came to report to her about the arrival of Rostov. With a firm resolve not to betray her secret and not to show her embarrassment, she invited m lle Bourienne and went with her into the living room.
At the first glance at Nikolai's face, she saw that he had come only to fulfill the duty of courtesy, and she decided to hold fast in the very tone in which he would address her.
They talked about the health of the countess, about mutual acquaintances, about the latest news of the war, and when the ten minutes required by decency had passed, after which the guest could get up, Nikolai got up, saying goodbye.
The princess, with the help of m lle Bourienne, endured the conversation very well; but at the very last minute, while he was getting up, she was so tired of talking about what she didn’t care about, and the thought of why she alone was given so few joys in life, so occupied her that she in a fit of absent-mindedness, fixing her radiant eyes forward, she sat motionless, not noticing that he had risen.
Nikolai looked at her and, wanting to pretend that he did not notice her absent-mindedness, said a few words to m lle Bourienne and again looked at the princess. She sat just as motionless, and her tender face expressed suffering. He suddenly felt sorry for her and vaguely imagined that perhaps he was the cause of the sadness that was expressed on her face. He wanted to help her, to say something pleasant to her; but he couldn't think of anything to say to her.
“Goodbye, princess,” he said. She recovered, blushed, and sighed heavily.
“Oh, my fault,” she said, as if waking up. “You are already on your way, Count; well, goodbye! And the Countess' pillow?
“Wait, I'll bring it now,” said m lle Bourienne and left the room.
Both were silent, occasionally looking at each other.
“Yes, princess,” Nikolai finally said, smiling sadly, “it seems recently, but how much water has flowed under the bridge since we first met in Bogucharovo. How we all seemed to be in misfortune - and I would give dearly to turn back this time ... but you won’t turn back.
The princess looked intently into his eyes with her radiant gaze when he said this. She seemed to be trying to understand the secret meaning of his words, which would explain to her his feeling for her.
“Yes, yes,” she said, “but you have nothing to regret about the past, count. As I understand your life now, you will always remember it with pleasure, because the selflessness that you live now ...
“I do not accept your praise,” he interrupted her hastily, “on the contrary, I constantly reproach myself; but this is a completely uninteresting and sad conversation.
And again his eyes took on their former dry and cold expression. But the princess already saw in him again the same person whom she knew and loved, and now spoke only with this person.
“I thought you'd let me tell you this,” she said. “We have become so close to you ... and to your family, and I thought that you would not consider my participation inappropriate; but I was wrong,” she said. Her voice suddenly trembled. “I don’t know why,” she continued, recovering herself, “you were different before and ...
- There are a thousand reasons why (he put special emphasis on the word why). Thank you, princess,” he said quietly. - Sometimes it's hard.
“So that's why! That's why! - said an inner voice in the soul of Princess Mary. - No, I'm not the only one with this cheerful, kind and open look, I fell in love with more than one beautiful appearance in him; I guessed his noble, firm, self-sacrificing soul, she said to herself. “Yes, he is poor now, and I am rich ... Yes, only from this ... Yes, if it were not for this ...” And, remembering his former tenderness and now looking at his kind and sad face, she suddenly understood the reason for his coldness.
“Why, Count, why?” she suddenly almost cried out involuntarily, moving towards him. Why, tell me? You must say. - He was silent. “I don’t know why, Count,” she went on. - But it's hard for me, I ... I'll admit it to you. For some reason you want to deprive me of my former friendship. And it hurts me. She had tears in her eyes and in her voice. - I have had so little happiness in my life that any loss is hard for me ... Excuse me, goodbye. She suddenly burst into tears and left the room.
- Princess! wait, for God's sake, he cried, trying to stop her. - Princess!
She looked back. For several seconds they silently looked into each other's eyes, and the distant, the impossible suddenly became close, possible, and inevitable.
……
In the autumn of 1814, Nikolai married Princess Marya and with his wife, mother and Sonya moved to Lysy Gory to live.
At the age of three, without selling his wife's estate, he paid the remaining debts and, having received a small inheritance after the deceased cousin, he also paid the debt to Pierre.
Three years later, by 1820, Nikolai arranged his money affairs in such a way that he bought a small estate near the Bald Mountains and negotiated the purchase of his father's Otradnoye, which was his favorite dream.
Having begun to manage out of necessity, he soon became so addicted to housekeeping that it became his favorite and almost exclusive occupation. Nikolai was a simple master, did not like innovations, especially English ones, which were then in vogue, laughed at theoretical writings about the economy, did not like factories, expensive industries, sowing expensive grains, and in general did not deal separately with any part of the economy. He always had only one estate before his eyes, and not some separate part of it. In the estate, the main object was not nitrogen and oxygen, which are in the soil and air, not a special plow and ground, but that main tool through which both nitrogen and oxygen, and land, and the plow act - that is, the peasant worker. When Nikolai took up the household and began to delve into its various parts, the peasant especially attracted his attention; the muzhik seemed to him not only a tool, but also a goal and a judge. At first he peered at the peasant, trying to understand what he needed, what he considered bad and good, and only pretended to give orders and orders, in essence, he only learned from the peasants and techniques, and speeches, and judgments about what is good and which is stupid. And only when he understood the tastes and aspirations of the muzhik, did he learn to speak in his speech and understand the secret meaning of his speech, when he felt himself related to him, only then did he begin to boldly manage him, that is, to fulfill in relation to the muzhiks that very office, the fulfillment of which was required of him. And Nikolai's economy brought the most brilliant results.
Russia
Belarus
103rd Guards Airborne Division(abbr. 103 Guards. vdd) - airborne unit, which was part of the Airborne Forces of the USSR and Russia and, for a short time, was part of the Armed Forces of Belarus. The division was formed in 1946 as a result of the reorganization of the 103rd Guards. rifle division. In 1993, the division was reorganized into a brigade.
History of formation
In accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of June 3, 1946, the 103rd Guards Rifle Division was reorganized into the 103rd Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov, 2nd degree, airborne as part of: Division Directorate, 317th Guards Order of Alexander Nevsky Parachute Division Airborne Regiment, 322nd Guards Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class Parachute Regiment, 39th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov 2nd Class Parachute Regiment, 15th Guards Artillery Regiment, units and support units. On August 5, 1946, the personnel began combat training according to the plan of the Airborne Forces. Soon the division was redeployed to the city of Polotsk.
Combat connection path
Major military exercises and plans for the use of the connection in the event of the outbreak of the Third World War
In 1970, the division participated in the "Brotherhood in Arms" exercises that were held in the GDR; in 1972 she took part in the exercises "Shield-72"; in 1975, the guardsmen of the division were the first in the Airborne Forces of the USSR to make parachute jumps from high-speed aircraft An-22 and Il-76; the division also took part in the exercises "Spring-75" and "Vanguard-76". In February 1978, the Berezina combined arms exercise took place on the territory of Belarus, in which the 103rd Guards Airborne Division also took part. For the first time, paratroopers in full force with equipment and weapons landed from Il-76 aircraft. The actions of the paratroopers during the exercises were highly appreciated by the highest Soviet military command.
Compound
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The division was formed as follows:
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| 103rd Guards. vdd in afghanistan at Wikimedia Commons |
In accordance with the directive of the General Staff of January 21, 1955 No. org / 2/462396, in order to improve the organization of the Airborne Forces, two regiments remained in the 103rd Guards Airborne Division by April 25, 1955, it was then that the 322nd Guards Airborne Division was disbanded. pdp. In connection with the transfer of the guards airborne divisions to a new organization and an increase in their numbers, the following were formed as part of the 103rd guards airborne division: the 133rd separate anti-tank artillery division (numbering 165 people), one of the divisions 1185- 1st Artillery Regiment of the 11th Guards Airborne Division. Deployment point the city of Vitebsk; The 50th separate aeronautical detachment (numbering 73 people), aeronautical units of the regiments of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division were used. The point of deployment is the city of Vitebsk. .
By the directive of the General Staff of March 4, 1955, in order to streamline the numbering of military units, from April 30, 1955, the number was changed - the 572nd separate self-propelled artillery battalion of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division to the 62nd separate self-propelled artillery battalion. Based on the order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR dated December 29, 1958 No. 0228, seven separate military transport aviation squadrons of An-2 aircraft of the military transport aviation of the Air Force (100 people each) were transferred to the Airborne Forces. By the directive of the Commander of the Airborne Forces dated January 6, 1959, separate military transport aviation squadrons were transferred to the airborne divisions, the 210th separate military transport aviation squadron was transferred to the 103rd Guards Airborne Division.
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| Ceremony of awarding officers on the parade ground | On top of one of the Afghan mountains | The column goes along the mountainous Afghan road |
List of commanders
| Rank | Name | years |
|---|---|---|
| guard colonel | Stepanov, Sergei Prokhorovich | 1944–1945 |
| Major General of the Guard | Bochkov, Fyodor Fyodorovich | 1945–1948 |
| Major General of the Guard | Denisenko, Mikhail Ivanovich | 1948–1949 |
| guard colonel | Kozlov, Viktor Georgievich | 1949–1952 |
| Major General of the Guard | Popov, Illarion Grigorievich | 1952–1956 |
| Major General of the Guard | Aglitsky, Mikhail Pavlovich | 1956–1959 |
| guard colonel | Shkrudnev, Dmitry Grigorievich | 1959–1961 |
| guard colonel | Kobzar, Ivan Vasilievich | 1961–1964 |
| Major General of the Guard | Kashnikov, Mikhail I. | 1964–1968 |
| guard colonel | Yatsenko, Alexander I. | 1968–1974 |
| Major General of the Guard | Makarov, Nikolai Arsenievich | 1974–1976 |
| Major General of the Guard | Ryabchenko, Ivan Fyodorovich | 1976–1981 |
| Major General of the Guard | Slyusar, Albert Evdokimovich | 1981–1984 |
| Major General of the Guard | Yarygin, Yurantin Vasilievich | 1984–1985 |
| Major General of the Guard | Grachev, Pavel Sergeevich | 1985–1988 |
| Major General of the Guard | Bocharov, Evgeny Mikhailovich | 1988–1991 |
| guard colonel | Kalabukhov, Grigory Andreevich | 1991–1992 |
After the collapse of the USSR
Personnel of the 103rd Guards Separate Mobile Brigade during a demonstration performance
On May 20, 1992, by directive of the Minister of Defense of the Republic of Belarus No. 5/0251, the 103rd Guards Airborne Division of the Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Order of Kutuzov was included in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. In 1993, on the basis of the management of the 103rd Guards. Airborne Forces Department of the Mobile Forces of the Republic of Belarus was created. On the basis of the 317th Guards. pdp - 317th separate mobile brigade. Based on the 350th Guards. pdp - 350th separate mobile brigade. On the basis of the 357th Guards. pdp - 357th separate training mobile battalion. The 1179th artillery regiment of the division was disbanded. At the end of 2002, the 317th Separate Mobile Brigade of the Armed Forces of Belarus was given the battle flag of the 103rd Guards. vdd. From that moment on, it bears the name 103rd separate mobile brigade(belor. 103rd Guards Special Mobile Brigade).
Notable military personnel
- Kirpichenko, Vadim Alekseevich - lieutenant general, first deputy head of the First Main Directorate of the KGB (intelligence). As part of the 103rd Guards. sd as a foreman participated in the battles near Lake Balaton in 1945.
see also
- Mobile forces of the Republic of Belarus
Notes
Literature
Links
| Russian Airborne Troops | ||
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Brigades withdrawn from the Airborne Forces: 11th Separate Airborne 27th Guards Separate Motorized Rifle | |
