What is the difference between a verbal adjective and a participial. Participles and verbal adjectives

Which does not conjugate and denotes a sign by action (procedural sign). Therefore, the participle can be replaced by a turnover with the verb from which it is formed. For example, a built house is a house that is built.

Distinguish between the verbal adjective and the real participle of the present tense:
- there is a dependent word. For example: eyes shining (from what?) with joy - communion;
An adjective can be replaced by another adjective. For example: eyes shining (participle) with joy - brilliant (adjective) performances (brilliant performances - magnificent, spectacular, successful, excellent);
- terms are always adjectives (typewriter);
- the particle DOES NOT reduce the verb, so the word is used already in the role (inappropriate conditions - adjective).

Distinguish adjective and real participle of the past tense:
- communion on -SHII often turn into adjectives (the past year is an adjective);
- communion, which are formed from the stems of intransitive perfective verbs, acquire a qualitative meaning and become verbal adjectives. For example: extinct (from go out - intransitive perfect form, adjective) eyes, but extinct (participle) fire.

Distinguish between the verbal adjective and the passive participle of the present tense (in -MY):
- a word is an adjective if it is formed from a perfect form verb and from intransitive form verbs;
- a word is a participle if it is formed from an imperfective verb;
- if there is a dependent word in the instrumental case (subject), then the main part will be a participle. For example: unloved (adjective) toys, not loved (participle) by a child (subject) toys.

Distinguish adjective and passive past participle:
- if the word can be replaced by a verb without changing the essence of the phrase, and substitute the dependent word in the instrumental case, then this is a participle (refined reserves - to find reserves, refined (by whom?) Head reserves);
- if you can replace it with another adjective, apply degrees of comparison or from the word to -O, then this is an adjective (refined manners - noble manners, extremely refined manners, exquisitely);
- distinguish the adjective in a figurative sense (open (passive past participle with the suffix -T-) door - open (adjective) face).

Write with -Н- and -НН-:
-N- in adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, without a word (knitted cap);
-HH- in communion x, formed from imperfective verbs, with a dependent word (knitted cap);
-HH- in communion x, formed from perfective verbs (tied (tie) jacket);
-NN- in verbal adjectives formed from imperfective verbs in -OVA-, -EVA- (pickled (pickled) cucumbers).

Sources:

verbal adjectives are

To find participle among other parts of speech, it is necessary to know what distinguishes it from them. Firstly, this is a special form of the verb, denoting the sign of the subject by action. Secondly, it has the features of a verb and an adjective.

You will need

1. Words
2. Communions

Instruction

See what this word has. If these are real participles of the present tense, then you will meet -usch-, -yushch-, -ash-, -yashch. For example, issuing. If these are passive participles of the present tense, then these are the suffixes -em-, -im-. For example, released.

Correctly define the real participles of the past tense. They are characterized by suffixes –vsh-, -sh-. For example, reading, bringing. For passive past tenses, the characters are suffixes –nn-, -t-, -enn-. For example, drawn, offended, sung.

Sources:

"Modern Russian language", Beloshapkova V.A. 1989.

Communions and gerunds, as well as participial and adverbial phrases, perform different functions in a sentence, play different roles. They also have pronounced morphological differences.

Instruction

Participle(revolution) necessarily refers to the word being defined - a noun or pronoun, depends on it, changes in numbers, genders and, has a full and - some - a short form.
For example: a smiling person; us, the signatories of this document, ...
Other nominal parts of speech can also act as a defined word, if they are in the meaning of a noun.
For example: a tidy dining room; The “154th”, who asked for landing, ... (o). Unlike a participle, a participle is an invariable word form.
For example: lying without moving; froze standing in the wind.

Participle and definition functions - single or widespread, consistent or inconsistent, isolated or non-isolated.
For example: Those who calmed down silently and obediently dropped yellow ones.
Participles in short form are used only as a nominal part of a compound predicate.
For example: Hair is silvered with early gray hair. The participle and participle turnover act as different circumstances.
Pale, the dawn subsides (I. Nikitin).

Formal features that distinguish participles and gerunds, are suffixes.
In school classes, all information about suffixes is summarized in tables that are posted on. For convenience, they can be written out, for example, on the cover of a notebook.
Derivational suffixes of real participles: -usch-(-yusch-), -ashch-(-yashch); -vsh-, -sh-; passive: - om-(-em-), -im-; -enn-, -nn-, -t-.
Derivative suffixes of adverbs of the imperfect and perfect form: -a-, -ya-, -uchi-, -yuchi-, -in-, -lice-, -shi-.

The participle is a special verb form that has both the properties of a verb and an adjective. From the verb, the participle has aspect, transitivity, reflexivity and pledge, and from the adjective - change in cases, numbers and gender, as well as agreement with the noun. The participle, like an adjective, denotes a sign of an object.

Grammar signs of the sacrament

As a special form, it has some features of this part of speech. They are of a perfect and imperfect kind: “- prompted”, “to excite - worried”; returnable and irrevocable: “decided”, “falling asleep”; present and past tense: “thinking”, “running”.

Unlike a verb, the participle does not have a future tense form.

Denoting a sign of an object, the participle, like adjectives, grammatically depends on and agrees with it in gender, number and case. For example: “boiling stream - boiling stream - boiling stream - boiling streams; boiling lava, boiling milk."

Types and ways of forming participles

Lexical meaning - a sign of an object by action - consists of the grammatical features of this part of speech. For example: “singing birds” (those that sing now), “singing birds” (those that sang in the past), “discussed issue” (the one that someone is discussing now), “discussed issue” (the one that already discussed).

Accordingly, there are 4 forms of participles: real present and past tense, passive present and past tense.

The first group of participles (valid present tense) are formed from the basis of the present tense using the suffixes -usch- (-yushch-), -ashch- (-yashch-). The choice of suffix depends on the verb. For example: “cry-ut - cry-usch-y”, “kol-yut - kol-yushch-y” - I conjugation; “Let-at - let-ash-th”, “kle-yat - glue-box-th” - II conjugation.

Real participles in the past tense are formed from the infinitive by replacing the suffixes -т, -ти with the suffixes -вш-, -ш-. For example: “run-be-bezha-vsh-th”, “carry-ti - carry-sh-th”.

Present passive participles are formed from present tense verbs using the suffixes -em- (I conjugation) and -im- (II conjugation): “lele-em - lele-em-th”, “stor-im - store -im-th."

Passive past participles are formed from the stem of the indefinite form of the verb with the suffix -nn-, if the verbs end in -at, -et. Verbs in -it receive the suffix -enn-, as well as verbs in -ti, -ch, and verbs ending in -ot, -ut-, -yt- receive the suffix -t-. For example: “write - write-nn-th”, “capture - capture-en-th”, “save - save-en-th”, “forget - forget-t-th”.

Short participles, as well as short adjectives, are in the sentence the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate.

Passive participles have a short form with truncated: -a, -o, -s. For example: "sent, sent-a, sent-o, sent-s."

You will need

Text with participles and adjectives;
Knowledge of the rules for the formation of participles;
Knowledge of similarities and differences in both parts of speech;
Knowledge of the formations of adjective adjectives;
Knowledge of exceptions to the rules.

Instruction

A part of speech denoting a property, belonging or attribute of another part of speech - a noun, but is not associated with it by any process. The adjective is a part of speech dependent on the noun, therefore it inherits all its features. This means that it has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter, numbers: singular and plural, and also changes according to the noun to which it refers. The adjective answers the question "what?" or "whose?"

"Oil paint" (R.p.)

"Buttered Pancake" (Tv.p.)
4. Also, the participle can have a short form like an adjective. For example: “made” (from “made”) - participle, “bright” from “bright”.
5. As members of the sentence, the participle and the adjective are.

Differences between participles and adjectives
Now, using an example, consider participles from adjectives that characterize the presence of (participles) signs of a verb:
1. Perfect view - “running”, “running” - imperfect view.
2. Return form - "rotating", "rotating" - non-returning form.
3. Time - “running” (present time), “running” (past time).
4. Real or passive meaning tearing a shirt, a shirt being torn.
5. Transitivity: a reading person reading a book.
Exist in adjectives formed from participles. They are called verbal adjectives or adjectives formed adjectively.

Such adjectives are formed for the following reasons:
The emergence of a new meaning for the subject of action, for example, “driving force”;

The occurrence of a figurative meaning in a word that is participle, for example, "brilliant performance";

If the participle denoted the destination to perform some action and became a constant accompanying word for a noun, for example, "condensed milk." Please note that in this example, even the spelling of the word changes, because in the case of a participle, it would be correct to write "condensed";

If the participle is the ability of an object to be subjected to some kind of influence, for example, "an indeclinable adjective."

You can distinguish a participle from an adjective in a fairly simple way. Try inserting a word in the sentence after the intended participle or adjective that makes sense for it. For example, in the sentence "We saw birds flying", you can insert the appropriate word "in the sky". "We saw birds flying across the sky." The word "flying" in this case is a participle.
In the sentence “She approached us with a flying gait”, we cannot insert a suitable word for the word “flying”, because it is an adjective and is directly dependent on the noun "gait"

The second way to distinguish an adjective from a participle is rather difficult, because based on knowledge of the formation of participles and adjectives. In most cases, participles have a double "n" in the suffix, unlike adjectives, but there are exceptions to both of these rules that you need to know.

Types and ways of forming participles

Accordingly, there are 4 forms of participles: real present and past tense, passive present and past tense.

Present passive participles are formed from present tense verbs using the suffixes -em- (I conjugation) and -im- (II conjugation): “lele-em - lele-em-th”, “stor-im - store -im-th."

Short participles, as well as short adjectives, are in the sentence the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate.

Passive participles have a short form with truncated: -a, -o, -s. For example: "sent, sent-a, sent-o, sent-s."

Very often in Russian participles turn into adjectives (they are called verbal adjectives).

Moreover, if these are passive participles of the past tense, then it must be borne in mind that when they turn into adjectives, their spelling changes. Choice nn or n often depends on what part of speech the verbal word is: participle or adjective. Conversely, if it is known how much n in a verb ( nn or n), you can determine what part of speech it is.

Signs by which you can determine the part of speech (verbal adjective or participle):

1) Verbal adjectives are formed only from imperfective verbs: boiled milk from boiling, burnt cork from burning.

But there are a number of verbal adjective-exceptions: done, cutesy, seen, desired, swaggered, chased, cursed, slow, sacred, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, counted, wakeful eye.

If the form is formed from a perfective verb, then this is a participle: a solved problem from solve, abandoned things from throwing away. Exceptions: smart, named - with one n.

2) For verbal adjectives no prefixes: fried cutlet, confused answer. If the prefix non- is added to the adjective, then it remains an adjective and is written with one n: slaked lime - quicklime; ironed linen - unironed linen.

Participles can have prefixes: fried meat, tangled traces.

3) For verbal adjectives no dependent words: dried mushrooms, sauerkraut. Participles can have dependent words: dried in the sun mushrooms, pickled for the winter cabbage.

4) Verbal words on -ovanny, -evanny- adjectives, they are always written with two n (pressed, uprooted).

adjectives forged, chewed, are written with one n, since -ov and -ev enter the root, which we are convinced of by analyzing the words by composition.

Hence, if we are considering a form formed from a verb that does not have a prefix or dependent word, then before deciding whether it is a participle or an adjective, one should determine the kind of verb from which this form is formed.

It is useful to compare the mixed forms:

oil(paints) is an adjective derived from the noun oil with the suffix -yang;

oily(pancake) is a verbal adjective derived from the verb to oil; greasy (apron) - participle formed from the verb to grease.

AT short adjectives is preserved as much n as it was in full, and short passive participles always written with one n.

Exercises for training:

1. Turn adjectives into participles by adding dependent words or prefixes.

Soaked apples, salted fish, a wounded bird, a quilted jacket, a confused answer.

2. Turn participles into adjectives.

Sauerkraut in a barrel, a whitewashed ceiling, melted butter, a paved street, an overloaded car, potatoes fried in oil.

3. Form verbal adjectives or participles from these verbs, pick up nouns for them.

Praise, decide, mow, deprive, let go, captivate, sharpen, weave.

4. Turn adjectives into participles, and participles into adjectives:

a sawn log is sawn sugar, a forged sword is chained.

Woven tablecloth, knitted scarf, etched wolf, darned sleeve, untrodden path.

5. Form full and short participles from adjectives, pick up nouns for them: broken line - broken pencil, broken toy.

Frozen fish, boiled egg, seeded herbs, muddled story, unironed shirt.

6. Explain the spelling H and HH.

a) Path cleared, boots cleaned, boots cleaned today, potatoes not peeled, shoes not cleaned.

b) Painted floors, painted walls, unpainted tables, whitewashed windows, painted shelves.

c) A dinner party, a summoned student, an uninvited guest, guests invited to dinner.

7. Insert H or HH.

1) On the walls hung bunches of dry ... herbs, bundles of wrinkled ... roots and kitchen utensils (K. Paustovsky).

2) The patch ... the cabbies with tin ... numbers rattled in the eyes (K. Paustovsky).

3) Our brigade entered a brooch ... th by inhabitants, ruined ... th and half-burnt ... turkish village (V. Garshin).

4) On large tables without tablecloths, several wooden ... more beautiful ... and golden ... bowls with liquid millet ... slurry were placed (V. Garshin).

5) At this strange hour of light and fog ... oh autumn ... her night was running late ... the park seemed sad and mysterious ... like an abandoned ... cemetery (A. Kuprin).

6) The walls turned yellow, painted ... with oil ... with paint, captured ... with dirty ... fingers (K. Paustovsky).

7) They were overtaken by a man in a moat ... coat and a straw ... hat (A.N. Tolstoy).

8) On an empty ... th street, a strange figure of fright ... th man appeared (A. N. Tolstoy).

9) The palaces looked at the Neva of the execution ... with empty ... windows (A.N. Tolstoy).

10) He was lying in someone's sheepskin coat, surrounded by a whole crowd of people (A. Kuprin).

11) The army was melting like brooches ... tin soldiers thrown into the oven (A.N. Tolstoy).

12) The walls are whitewashed ... with lime, and painted from below ... with brown oil ... with paint (A. Kuprin).

Source:

pack-me.ru - "The transition of participles into adjectives."

Additional sources:

rosental.virtbox.ru - § 52 "Spelling Н and НН in participles and verbal adjectives" in the "Handbook of Spelling and Style", ed. D.E. Rosenthal (1997);
traktat.com - "Spelling H and HH in participles and verbal adjectives";
hi-edu.ru - "Н and НН in participles and verbal adjectives".

Additional to the site:

Both forms of participles and verbal adjectives can be formed from the same verb. If suffixes of different sound (letter) composition are used to form participles and adjectives, it is not difficult to distinguish them: from the verb burn with a suffix -box- participle is formed burning, and with the help of the suffix -yuch-- adjective combustible. If both participles and adjectives are formed using suffixes that have the same sound (letter) composition (for example, -enn- or -them-) are more difficult to distinguish.

However, there are differences between participles and adjectives in this case.

1. Participles denote a temporary attribute of an object associated with its participation (active or passive) in an action, and adjectives denote a permanent attribute of an object (for example, “arising as a result of an action”, “capable of participating in an action”), cf .:

She was raised with strict rules (=She was raised with strict rules.) - participle;

She was educated (=She was educated).

2. Word in full form with suffix - n-(-nn-), -en-(-enn)- is a verbal adjective if it is formed from the verb NE and has no dependent words, and is a participle if it is formed from the verb NE and / or has dependent words, cf .:

unmowed meadows(adjective),

not mowed oblique meadows(participle, because there is a dependent word),

mown meadows(participle, because CB).

3. Since the passive participles of the present tense can only be in transitive verbs of the NSV, words with suffixes - im-, -em- are adjectives if they are formed from the verb CB or intransitive verb:

waterproof boots get wet in the meaning of "pass water" is intransitive),

invincible army(adjective because verb win SW).

Morphological analysis of the sacrament

There are several ways to morphologically parse participles, depending on whether the participle is considered a form of a verb or an independent part of speech.

Parsing the participle as a form of the verb, it is logical to describe all the signs related specifically to the participle as inconstant; thus, in non-permanent signs, the following should be indicated: in the form of participle, present / past tense, active / passive voice, full / short form (for passive), gender, number, case (for complete).

However, in all school textbooks, including those that describe the participle as a special form of the verb (complex 3, previous editions of complex 1), the parsing scheme of the participle is given, corresponding to the understanding of the participle as an independent part of speech. If we consider the participle as an independent part of speech, then the real and passive participles of the present and past tense will be separate words, and not forms of the same word. So, reading, reading, readable and read will be recognized as 4 independent words. Based on this logic, the following scheme for parsing the participle is proposed:

1. Communion. Initial form - I. p. husband. kind of unit numbers.

2. Morphological features:

a) permanent:

recurrence,

real / passive,

b) inconstant: in the form of a participle

Full / short (only for passive),

Genus (in singular),

Case (for full).

3. Syntactic role in the sentence.

It is this scheme proposed in complex 3; in complex 1, the scheme is similar, minus the sign of recurrence. In complex 2, for some reason, the full / short form is also included in the category of permanent features.

Let's bring sample parsing participles as a form of the verb and as an independent part of speech.

A revolving glass door with brass steamer rails pushed him into a large pink marble vestibule. An information desk was located in a grounded elevator. A laughing woman's face peeked out from there.

(I. Ilf and E. Petrov).

Parsing the participle as a form of the verb:

spinning- verb, beginning the form twirl;

fast. signs: non-transitional, return, NSV, II ref. (excl.);

synth. role: definition.

grounded- verb, beginning the form ground;

fast. signs: transitional, non-returning, NE, II ref.;

non-post. signs: in the form of a sacrament, suffer., past. time, full form, male kind, unit numbers, P. p.;

synth. role: definition.

laughing- verb, beginning the form laugh;

fast. signs: non-transition, return, NSV, I ref;

non-post. signs: in the form of a participle, really, present. time, female kind, unit numbers, I. p.;

synth. role: definition.

Parsing the participle as an independent part of speech:

spinning- prich., early. the form revolving;

fast. signs: return, NSV, actual, present time;

synth. role: definition.

grounded- prich., early. the form grounded;

fast. signs: non-returning, SV, passive, past. time;

non-post. signs: in full. uniform, husband. kind, unit number, P. p.;

synth. role: definition.

laughing- prich., early. the form laughing;

fast. signs: return, NSV, valid, present. time;

non-post. signs: in wives. kind, unit number, I. p.;

synth. role: definition.

gerund

Like the participle, the participle can be considered as an independent part of speech (complex 2 and the latest editions of complex 1) or as a special form of the verb (complex 3 and previous editions of complex 1). We proceed from the understanding of the participle as a verb form.

gerund is a special form of the verb that has the following features:

1. Indicates an additional action, answers questions doing what? or having done what?

2-3. It has the grammatical features of a verb and an adverb.

The features of the verb include the form ( reading- NSV, having read- SW), transitivity ( while reading a book- transitional, sitting on a chair- intransitive) and recurrence ( washing- irrevocable, washing your face- return). In addition, the gerund participle is characterized by the same control as the rest of the verb forms: reading / reading / reading / reading a book, but book reading.

Adverbial signs of gerunds include invariability (germs do not have morphological signs of inclination, time, person, gender, number, characteristic of conjugated forms of the verb, and do not decline, unlike participles); the syntactic function of the gerund is a circumstance; in a sentence, the participle depends on the verb.

Imperfect participles answer the question doing what? and denote an action simultaneous with another action (for example, with the one indicated by the predicate): Standing on a stool, he took out books from the top shelf..

The gerunds NSV are formed from the verbs NSV from the stem of the present tense with the help of a formative suffix -and I).

At the verb be the gerund is formed with the suffix - teach from the basis of the future tense: bud-learn. The same suffix is used to form stylistically colored variant forms of gerunds in some other verbs: game-i - game-yuchi.

Imperfect participles are not present in all NSV verbs; so, gerunds NSV are not formed:

From verbs to -whose: bake - * baking (oven);

From verbs to -nut: wither - *wilting,;

From some sibilant verbs in the present tense stem: write, write - *writing, lick - *licking(but adverb lying down);

From verbs with the stem of the present tense, consisting only of consonants, and derivatives from them: drink, drink (pj-ut) -*drunk.

At the verb give the gerund is formed from a special stem: Giving (come on).

Perfect participles answer the question having done what? and denote the action that preceded the action of the main verb: Standing on a stool, he took out a book from the top shelf..

The gerunds SV are formed from the verbs SV from the stem of the past tense with the help of suffixes

-in from verbs with stem to vowel: done-in,

-lice from reflexive verbs with a stem to a vowel (or obsolete, stylistically non-neutral gerunds like seeing, glancing etc.): mind-lice,

-shea from verbs with a stem to a consonant: baked-shi.

Some verbs have variant forms of the gerund participle SV: one is formed according to the scheme described above, the other - by adding the suffix - and I) to the basis of the future tense: frown-lice-s - frown-I-s.

Verbs read, gain do not have gerunds formed in the standard way, instead of which gerunds are used read, find, formed from the basis of the simple future tense with the help of the suffix - I.

Two aspect verbs may have two gerunds formed according to the rules for the formation of gerunds NSV and CB, for example:

promise: promise-i- NSV, promise-in- SW,

marry: Zhenya - NSV, marry-in- ST.

The participle must indicate the action of the object (person) that is called the subject, and this object (person) must be the subject of two actions - named in the predicate and in the participle. If these requirements are not met, incorrect sentences like

*Leaving the house gave me a headache(the gerund and the conjugated form of the verb denote the actions of different subjects).

*Lost, the puppy was soon found by the owners(the noun in the subject is the subject of the action, called the gerund, and the object of the action, called the predicate).

A gerund can name an additional action related to the main member of a one-part sentence, as well as to other members of the sentence expressed by the infinitive, participle or other participle. The sentence is constructed correctly if the additional and main action have the same subject. For example: When crossing the street, you should look around.

In Russian, the participle can turn into a verbal adjective due to the weakening of the properties of the verb. In other words, communion gradually loses its temporary properties and acquires permanent qualities. Accordingly, this changes the spelling "nn" in participles and verbal adjectives. It is important to know that doubled is written in participles " nn", in addition to the words: smart, named, and in adjectives - one "n" except for the words: unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, desired and others.

Properties of parts of speech

In order to distinguish between a passive participle and a verbal adjective, you need to know their properties. Participle and adjective properties:

The adjective is characterized by two more features:

It can be included in a number of homogeneous members (well-mannered and shy).
It can have a figurative meaning (lost sight).

Participle and verbal adjective

The participle has its own specific affixes used for formation. For example, the chlorine component is not a participle, because the verb "chlorine compound" does not exist, unexpected is not a participle due to the fact that the word "unexpected" does not exist in the language.

To distinguish between these two categories, you need:

Thus, if the word corresponds to at least one of the above items, it is a participle, which means you need to write " nn"; if the word does not correspond to any item, then these are verbal adjectives (" n" and " nn" in which cases to write, we have already found out), you need to write one letter. If it is necessary to determine the partial affiliation of the written word with two letters, it will be a participle, with one - no.

Dependence on semantic meaning

As for the suffixes of the analyzed parts of speech, the spelling of verbal adjectives should be noted. For example, words like oil pancakes and oil paint. Here we distinguish between participles and adjectives not according to the rule, but according to the meaning. In the first phrase, this is a verbal adjective derived from the verb "oil", and in the second - an adjective derived from the noun "oil". And in the phrase, for example, "butter pancakes in the morning" oily- participle. In other words, when the word is used in the sense of "made of oil or running on oil" - the suffix -yang is written in it. If in the meaning "soaked in oil", then the suffix is -en.

The word wounded has two spellings. For example, in the sentence "Remaining wounded, he has already begun to prepare for the campaign" in the word wounded - doubled "nn", although there is no prefix and there is no dependent word, it is formed from the imperfective form of the verb "injure", the word does not end in -wounded, -wounded. doubled "nn" is explained by the fact that the word carries a verbal meaning, that is, it denotes a temporary sign and is a participle. A verbal adjective does not denote an action and answers the question: which? which?

Short and long forms

Having one or two "n" in a word depends on the form: full or short. So, in short adjectives, so many are written "n", how many in total. And in short participles, only one is always written "n". The girl was spoiled(spoiled - a short adjective, denotes a constant sign). The boys must have been spoiled by life(spoiled - participle, denotes a temporary sign).

Suffixes of verbal adjectives have their own characteristics. It should be added that in some combinations of repeated words, such as: patched-patched, washed-washed, despite the presence of the prefix re- in the second part of the combinations, one is written. Combinations have the meaning of the degree of quality and are adjectives.

Changing the lexical meaning

In cases where the participle becomes an adjective, its lexical meaning may change. For example, the participle "forgiven" in the phrase "forgiven person" means "a person who was forgiven", but the adjective forgiven in the phrase "forgiveness Sunday" takes on a different meaning and means the name of the day of the week before the big Orthodox fast.

Compound verbal adjectives "n" and "nn" type: lightly salted, smooth-bleached, freshly dyed, are written with one "n". But: g bleached, freshly painted, lightly salted written with double "n", since the second part of these words is formed from verbs with prefixes.

Noun suffixes

Nouns formed from passive participles and from verbal adjectives can also be written with one "n", and with two "nn". It all depends on the basis of the word from which it is formed. For example, henchman- from an adjective set, but the producing verb is put in the perfect form, so we write with two "nn". Ice cream- from communion " ice cream", but since the generating base freeze(what to do?) - imperfect form, then we write one "n". The same applies to the spelling of derivative adverbs.

Transition of a participle into an adjective

If the participle becomes an adjective, then it takes on its features:

It forms a simple comparative degree ( surprised, surprised).

It can be combined with the words less and more ( less surprised).

He has synonyms and antonyms from adjectives ( upbeat mood, i.e funny- synonym, sad- antonym).

Portal for the student. Self-training

Grammar signs of the sacrament

Types and ways of forming participles

Types and ways of forming participles

Properties of parts of speech

Participle and verbal adjective

Dependence on semantic meaning

Short and long forms

Changing the lexical meaning

Noun suffixes

Transition of a participle into an adjective

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