From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| building | |
Residential building Pleshcheev |
|
House in 2015 |
|
| The country | Russia |
| City | Moscow |
House of Pleshcheev- landmark building in Moscow.
Geographic location
Story
In the second half of the 18th century, stone chambers were erected on this site.
At the beginning of the 20th century, an extension was made to the mansion in the form of a tenement house. During construction, the front staircase was removed.
Architecture
During its time, the appearance of the building has not changed much.
Classicism style. Decorated with balconies.
To the left of the mansion are paired columns.
Three-storey.
Write a review on the article "Pleshcheev's House"
Literature
This mansion was listed by the Russian architect Matvey Fedorovich Kazakov in the book "Album of Particular Buildings of the City of Moscow". Here he brought the best, in his opinion, buildings in Moscow, built from the 18th century to the 19th century.
Notes
An excerpt characterizing the Pleshcheev House
On dirait que l "humanite a oublie les lois de son divin Sauveur, Qui prechait l" amour et le pardon des offenses, et qu "elle fait consister son plus grand merite dans l" art de s "entretuer."Adieu, chere et bonne amie, que notre divin Sauveur et Sa tres Sainte Mere vous aient en Leur sainte et puissante garde. Marie."
[Dear and priceless friend. Your letter of the 13th brought me great joy. You still love me, my poetic Julia. The separation, of which you speak so many evil things, apparently did not have its usual influence on you. You complain about separation, what should I say if I dared - I, deprived of all those who are dear to me? Ah, if we did not have a religion to console us, life would be very sad. Why do you attribute a stern look to me when you speak of your inclination towards a young man? In this regard, I am only strict with myself. I understand these feelings in others, and if I cannot approve of them, having never experienced them, then I do not condemn them. It only seems to me that Christian love, love for one's neighbor, love for one's enemies, is more worthy, sweeter and better than those feelings that the beautiful eyes of a young man can inspire in a young girl, poetic and loving, like you.
The news of the death of Count Bezukhov reached us before your letter, and my father was very touched by it. He says that this was the penultimate representative of the great age, and that now it is his turn, but that he will do everything in his power to make this turn come as late as possible. Deliver us God from this misfortune.
I cannot share your opinion about Pierre, whom I knew as a child. It seemed to me that he always had a wonderful heart, and this is the quality that I most appreciate in people. As for his inheritance and the role that Prince Vasily played in this, this is very sad for both. Ah, dear friend, the words of our Divine Savior, that it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God—these words are terribly true. I feel sorry for Prince Vasily and even more for Pierre. So young to be burdened with such a huge fortune - how many temptations he will have to go through! If someone asked me what I want more than anything in the world, I want to be poorer than the poorest of the poor. Thank you a thousand times, dear friend, for the book you are sending me and which makes so much noise with you. However, since you tell me that among many good things in it there are those that the weak human mind cannot comprehend, it seems to me superfluous to engage in incomprehensible reading, which, for this very reason, could not bring any benefit. I have never been able to understand the passion that some people have, to confuse their thoughts, addicted to mystical books, which only arouse doubts in their minds, irritate their imagination and give them a character of exaggeration, completely contrary to Christian simplicity.
Registration number
Category of historical and cultural significance
federal significance
Object type
Monument
Basic typology
Monument of urban planning and architecture
Creation date information
Object address (location)
Moscow, Novaya Basmannaya st., 12, building 2a
Name, date and number of the decision of the state authority on putting the facility under state protection
Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On supplementing and partially amending the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of August 30, 1960 No. 1327 "On the further improvement of the protection of cultural monuments in the RSFSR" No. 624 of 04.12.1974
Description of the subject of protection
Pleshcheev's residential building is a three-story stone building. It has a square shape and is located along the red line of Novaya Basmannaya Street. The building was built in 1797 according to the design of the architect M.F. Kazakov as the main residential building in the possession of the director of the Orphanage Georg Heinrich Gogel. The architectural and artistic design of the facades of the building was made in the spirit of classicism. The composition of the main façade, oriented towards Novaya Basmannaya Street, was symmetrical. Its central part was highlighted by a risalit with a false four-pilaster portico completed with a triangular pediment. Stucco decoration was placed in the tympanum of the pediment. In the portico, at the level of the second floor, there was an open balcony with an artistic metal fence. The façade surface was smoothly plastered, window openings were decorated with framed platbands. On the lower floor of the building, the layout and some details of a smaller two-story house from the third quarter of the 18th century were preserved. The side façade has recently been restored to its early classical architecture with a crowning triglyph frieze. Around 1799, the building passed to S.I. Pleshcheev, with whose name the house is depicted in the Albums of M.F. Kazakov. The drawings were signed by A. Ivanov, close to the circle of I.V. Egotova (lived on the same street, on the corner of Babushkin lane). In 1877, under the owner S.D. Shiryaev building has undergone a number of changes. The main facade of the building was partially redone. The balcony at the level of the second floor, as well as the stucco decoration in the pediment tympanum, were eliminated. The lower part of the façade at the level of the first floor was finished in the form of shallow rustication. Sandriks appeared above the windows of the second floor, and panels appeared under the windows. At the same time, a three-story stone extension was erected on the south side of the building, and a two-story stone extension on the south-western side. In the same period, the interior space was re-planned. In 1905, a four-story stone residential building was built on the south side of the building in question. In this regard, the three-story extension, made in 1877, was demolished, and in its place a new four-story stone volume appeared, connecting the main house with the new building. Pleshcheev's house is a fine example of a classicist urban mansion. Its compact cubic volume with a strictly organized classical facade, placed on the red line of a very narrow section, looks impressive and monumental. The house was symmetrically flanked by two gates with paired columns on pylons (the western gate was false and subsequently disappeared). The remarkable processing of the interiors, known from the drawing by A. Ivanov, has not been preserved. The building has completely preserved the volume-spatial composition and architectural and artistic design of the facades, which had developed by 1877.
This classic mansion on Novaya Basmannaya Street was built in the 1790s on the basis of small stone chambers that appeared here in the third quarter of the 18th century.
The three-story house was built by order of the new owner of the estate - Grigory Grigoryevich Gogel, director of the Moscow Orphanage.
Gogel, a Frenchman by origin, entered the Russian service in 1775, and soon accepted Russian citizenship. In 1780 he was appointed chief director of the Educational House in Moscow. In 1796, for his services, he was elevated to the nobility, but was soon removed from his post for financial abuses in the management of the Orphanage. Later, Empress Maria Fedorovna, the wife of Paul I, who was appointed head of the Orphanages, forgave him.
After the death of Gogel in 1799, his estate on Novaya Basmannaya passed to the real state councilor Sergei Ivanovich Pleshcheev, who came from an old noble family.
He was close to Emperor Paul I, was in his service even when Paul was Tsarevich. He enjoyed the favor of the Grand Duchess, the future Empress Maria Feodorovna, and corresponded with her. He made a career as a naval officer, rose to the rank of vice admiral; participated in many expeditions, accompanied Tsarevich Pavel on his journey to "foreign lands" in 1781-1782.
Being sent to Constantinople, he surveyed and described the Dardanelles and the Black Sea coast near Sinop and Trebizond. He was known as a writer - he owns one of the first geographical descriptions of Russia - "Review of the Russian Empire in its current newly arranged state", published in 1787. He also published notes about his journey to Syria, “to memorable places within Jerusalem” and a description of the journey of Their Imperial Highnesses Pavel Petrovich and Maria Feodorovna, made in 1781-1782. Translated from English notes about the journey of the English Lord Baltimur from Constantinople to London.
Pleshcheev was close to the Freemasons, was on friendly terms with Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov.
In 1798, Pleshcheev fell into disgrace and was dismissed from service. He moved to Moscow and settled in the estate he bought on Basmannaya. In Moscow, he lived until the end of the reign of Paul I. Despite the disgrace, the emperor honored him with the Order of John of Jerusalem (Maltese Cross).
Pleshcheev's house is depicted in the Albums of Particular Buildings of the City of Moscow, where architect Matvey Fedorovich Kazakov included the best Moscow buildings of the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries.
The appearance of the house has survived to our time almost unchanged - its strict classical facade has lost its balcony, the windows of the third floor have been scattered and the stucco decoration of the facades has been somewhat changed. At the beginning of the 20th century, when an extension was added to the back of the apartment building, the front staircase was dismantled. To the left of the house, the original pylons of the gate, decorated with paired columns, have been preserved.
One day in 2014, Liza, Danila and Misha and I went for a walk around the center. By chance, being near the house 12 on Novaya Basmannaya, we noticed some kind of excavation near the wall of the building and, of course, looked into it. From the excavation it was possible to get into a very small basement room, from where a narrow passage led to a larger room, with a vaulted ceiling of brick and a base of white stone. The picture was complemented by a huge network of cobwebs that occupied the entire interior of the vaulted room - probably no one has entered here for at least several years. In appearance, it looked like a small cave or underground grotto right in the center of the city. In addition, the web reminded, but the room looked much older - due to the white stone base of the walls and some "shapelessness" of the vault. Brick underground structures of the late 19th and early 20th centuries usually look more unified, so the basement could be quite old.
From the entrance it was not possible to see if there were passages from the room anywhere further. In order to see it, it was necessary to go inside and at least partially rip off the web, but I decided to first go back for a camera and capture this beauty in its untouched state. It must be assumed that the excavation did not arise by chance, and in the future the builders planned to somehow use this room, so in any case the web would have been removed in the near future. In the end, no passages were found anywhere else, but to the right and left of the entrance there were two niches, laid with more modern brick. There was also an opening in the vault, closed with a modern concrete slab. Then I took a few photos, but I did not write about this basement, but only mentioned it in. However, as time passed, I thought that the history of the structure would be quite interesting, and besides, that excavation had long since disappeared. The building itself, called Pleshcheev's house, was erected at the end of the 18th century, on the basis of stone chambers of an earlier construction. It is likely that the basement we discovered is a fragment of these chambers. You can find information that the house has survived to this day almost unchanged, but on pastvu.com there was a photo no earlier than the end of the 1970s:
1. The house has certainly not changed since the late 1970s, except that the window of the small extension on the right is now boarded up.
2. The web inside the basement, resembling the large-scale structure of the universe or the neural network of the brain.
3. There are no passages from the building itself to this basement, but there is an opening in the vault, covered with a slab - perhaps it was a collapse. On the right you can see one of the niches laid with bricks.
4. View in the opposite direction.
5. The second niche is visible on the left.
6. And one more photo.
