In this lesson, you will become real travelers and visit the amazing and powerful ancient Athenian port called Piraeus. You will find out where it is located and what ships call at this port. In addition, you will learn about why the navarch (fleet commander) was so influential in ancient Greece, in particular in Athens. In addition, you will see how military and merchant ships are being built. The seaport is inextricably linked with trade, so in this lesson you will gain knowledge about what goods were imported into and exported from Athens. And, of course, this lesson will tell you about the visiting inhabitants of Athens - the meteks, and how they differed from ordinary citizens of the city and slaves, who were completely unfree and powerless.

background

Athens is not located on the seashore, but a few kilometers from it. Therefore, Athens was not originally a port city. The port at Athens appeared during, in the 5th century BC, during the reign of Themistocles. Thanks to the appearance of the port and the navy, the Athenians were able to defeat the Persians outnumbered.

Events

In Piraeus, both warships and merchant ships were stationed. Athens had a powerful navy, which numbered several hundred vessels. These included biremes(two rows of oars) (Fig. 2) and triremes(three rows of oars) (Fig. 3). Triremes were very mobile and light. Such ships helped the Greeks to win during the Salamis naval battle. About a hundred soldiers were placed on such a trireme, and there was still room for rowers.

Rice. 2. Ancient Greek bireme (warship) ()

Rice. 3. Ancient Greek trireme (warship) ()

In addition to military courts, there were also merchant ships(Fig. 4). They were large and voluminous, as merchant ships needed a large hold to carry as much cargo as possible.

Rice. 4. Ancient Greek merchant ship ()

The Athenians exported mainly wine, olive oil and honey to other cities in Greece.. In order to transport liquid goods, vessels were needed, which were called amphorae (Fig. 5). It was in Athenian amphoras that these goods traveled throughout Greece and even throughout the Mediterranean.

Rice. 5. Ancient Greek amphorae (vessels) ()

Among the merchants there was a man who watched what they took out of the city. Such people, in particular, made sure that merchants did not take out of Athens fig tree fruit(fig) (Fig. 6), since it was believed that this tree was given to the Greeks by the goddess Demeter, whom the Athenians once warmly sheltered. So the fruit of the fig tree was forbidden to be exported from Athens.

Rice. 6. Fig tree fruits (figs) ()

As for what was brought to Athens, it was bread, building stone and iron.. There was a law according to which the allies of Athens could not sell iron to anyone except Athens itself. This was done so that other Greek cities could not make weapons out of iron and attack Athens with it.

Meteki(from the Greek word “visitors”) are residents of other cities who came to Athens for permanent residence (Fig. 7). There were a lot of Meteks in Athens, but they did not have the rights of citizens.

Tags features:

were not considered citizens;

Couldn't own land;

Not elected to public office;

They were required to pay a special tax (the Athenians themselves did not pay any taxes).

The Greeks captured slaves on the far coasts of the Mediterranean and Black Seas.(Fig. 8). Often these were prisoners of war, but there were cases when Greek slave traders landed on the shore and captured children in order to later sell them as slaves in Greece.

Rice. 8. Slaves in Ancient Greece ()

Slaves brought to Piraeus were sent to Athens itself.

Greeks treated slaves badly. It was not allowed to kill slaves, but Athenian laws did not prohibit loading them with hard work and punishing them.. Therefore, a person who fell into slavery lost all hope of returning home and seeing his relatives. True, in Greece, in particular in Athens, there were cases when the owners gave their slaves freedom. Such former slaves, set free, were called freedmen.. But, as a rule, these were very old people who could no longer do normal work and whom the owners did not want to feed anymore. The slave, in fact, was kicked out of the house, and he was forced to end his life on the street, becoming a beggar.

The construction of military and merchant ships was carried out in the port of Piraeus. Such shipbuilding enterprises were called shipyards. At the same time, the Athenians built several ships, and the money for the construction was collected from the inhabitants of the city. The man who commanded the Greek fleet and oversaw the construction of ships was called navarch. He was a very influential person, as the fleet played a huge role in the life of ancient Greece. It was on the ships that the power and prosperity of the city of Athens was kept..

Rice. 9. Ancient Greek shipyard ()

Bibliography

1. Vigasin A.A., Goder G.I., Sventsitskaya I.S. History of the Ancient World Grade 5. - M.: "Enlightenment", 2010.

2. Danilov D.D., Sizova E.V. General history. Ancient world history. Grade 5 - M.: Balass, 2013.

3. Dovatur A. I. Slavery in Attica VI-V centuries. BC e. - L .: Nauka, 1980.

4. History of Ancient Greece // Ed. IN AND. Kuzishchina. - M.: Higher school, 1996.

Homework

1. What ships did the Athenian fleet consist of and how did they differ from each other?

2. What goods did Athens trade with other cities and what did they import?

3. How did the ancient Greek slaves differ from the metecs? Which of them had better living conditions?

4. Why did the navarch in Ancient Greece have such a great influence?

1. Piraeus - the main seaport

The Greco-Persian wars, which ended in 449 BC, led to the enrichment of the Greek cities that participated in the war, and, first of all, Athens. The Persians were forbidden to withdraw their fleet to the Aegean Sea, and since the Greeks had no other rivals, maritime trade began to develop again. Attica became the center of Greek maritime trade, where goods were brought from all over the Aegean Sea.

By the middle of the 5th c. BC. Piraeus, located in the southwest of Attica, became the main seaport of the Athenian polis. Piraeus and Athens were connected by a road 5-6 km long, surrounded on both sides by defensive structures called "Long Walls", built in case of an unexpected attack. The city itself had a favorable geographical position. It was located on a small peninsula, connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus, which was defended by troops. All this provided Athens with protection from an unexpected attack both from land and from the sea.

There were three harbors in the port: two military and one commercial. Military harbors had narrow entrances, which were locked with stretched iron chains or ropes. From the land side, the military harbors were surrounded by walls, preventing not only the penetration of outsiders, but also protecting them from enemy spies. According to the laws of the Athens policy, only citizens, that is, people whose reliability was not in doubt, since their parents were also citizens, had the right to serve on warships. The port housed 400 warships called triremes. Each trireme had its own fixed place. The materials necessary for repairing ships were stored in the port warehouses: sails, ropes, oars, anchor chains. The poor people who came here from different regions of Attica worked tirelessly in the harbors. They performed the duties of rowers and sailors, worked in shipyards, participating in the repair of old ships and the construction of new ones. Often rich Athenians appeared in the harbors - farmers and merchants, each of whom, according to the laws of the Athenian policy, was obliged to build and equip a warship at his own expense.

2. The main selling commodity - slaves

The largest harbor of Piraeus became the center of trade. Ships arrived here from distant colonies, from Egypt and Carthage, as well as other regions of Africa. Fabrics and carpets, ivory, fish, grain and, of course, slaves were delivered to Piraeus. A merchant ship that arrived at the port was met by Athenian officials, whose duty it was to collect a duty from the merchant - a fee that allowed trading in Athens. Having completed a successful trade, the merchants bought local goods: olive oil, wine, handicrafts (clay vessels, statues, bracelets and silver goblets). Some merchants, seeing how briskly trade was going on, moved to Athens. Such merchants were called meteks, which in Greek means "migrant". Unlike Athenian citizens, the Meteki paid a special tax to the Athenian treasury, which gave them the right to reside in the city.

As a result of the development of trade, it was decided to build the city of Piraeus near the harbors. It was built under the direction of the Greek architect Hippodamus of Miletus. The plan of the city was considered very advanced for that time: the streets were wide and long and intersected at right angles. On the territory of the city there were taverns and inns where visitors could relax after a trip. Meteki owned their own houses. Residents and guests of the city had the opportunity to visit the theater, and they sold everything necessary for everyday life on the market square.

One of the most popular goods both in Athens and throughout Greece were slaves. Slaves were foreigners taken prisoner or bought by the inhabitants of the colonies from the local population, as well as sailors from ships captured by pirates. Slave labor was used in the household, in craft workshops, in harvesting and in silver mines. Slaves were priced according to their age, skill, and physical health. So, for example, a donkey driver cost 140 silver coins, called drachmas. A slave for work in the mines 180 drachmas, a jeweler - 360 drachmas. It is also known that a bull cost 50 drachmas, and a pig - 3 drachmas. At the same time, the Athenian family spent half a drachma a day on food.

3. Lesson summary

Let's summarize the lesson:

1) in the 5th century. BC. The Athenian state has become the center of international maritime trade;

2) the city of Piraeus became the main port of Attica, where goods from many countries were brought;

3) slaves became the most popular commodity.

The file "It's interesting!" is attached to the lesson. and the test file. You can download files at any time convenient for you.

Used sources:

http://znaika.ru/catalog/5-class/istoriya/V-gavanyakh-afinskogo-porta-Pirey

The theme of the lesson is "In the harbors of the Athenian port of Piraeus."

Lesson type: combined

Methods: frontal work, work in pairs, individual work, peer review, differentiated homework.

Goals:

show the role of Athens in the history of ancient Greece, find out how the inhabitants of the Athenian port of Piraeus lived, identify what the categories of the population were; consider the living conditions of slaves in Athens, identify the sources of slavery;

Continue the formation of the ability to work with a textbook, a map with additional material and ICT, find historical errors, analyze sources; to form skills and abilities to draw conclusions; develop memory and historical imagination, logical thinking.

To educate students in a culture of behavior in the classroom, a culture of communication; to instill a sense of respect for the history and culture of other countries.

Concepts: Athenian citizens, shipyard, duty, settlers, freedmen

Equipment:one. Computer, 2. Projector, 3. Presentation "In the harbors of the Athenian port of Piraeus", 4. Interactive whiteboard or screen, 5. Textbook

"History of the Ancient World" for grade 5 (authors - A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya), 6. Printed workbooks.

During the classes:

I. Organizing time.

Look into each other's eyes, smile. Give your neighbor a good mood. So, let's start the lesson.

II. Checking homework.

Frontal conversation on questions in the form of a quiz. The results are displayed in the evaluation sheet:

You have an evaluation sheet in front of you. In the case of the correct answer to the question asked in the homework column, you put yourself a +. Those who score 1-2 pluses receive a mark of "3". Those who score 3-4 plus get a score of "4", and those who score 5 or more get a score of "5".

So let's transgress.

1. What was the name of the king, under whom Persia tried to subjugate the cities of Hellas? ( DariusI )

2. Which Greek cities refused to submit to the power of the Persian king? ( Athens and Sparta)

3. In what year did the Persian troops land in Greece? ( in 490 BC)

4. Where did the battle between the Persians and the Greeks take place ( Marathon)

5. Who commanded the Athenian army? ( Miltiades)

6. Who persuaded the Athenians to build a strong navy? ( Themistocles)

7. In what year did the Battle of Thermopylae take place? ( in 480 BC)

8. Who commanded the Spartans in this battle ? (King Leonid)

9. Where did the naval battle of the Greek and Persian fleets take place?

(off the island of Salamis)

10. Who won the Greco-Persian wars? ( Greeks)

III. Preparing to learn new material

1. Reporting the topic of the lesson by the teacher

In the 5th century BC. Piraeus became the main port of the Athenian state (Slide #1)

2. Setting the goals of the lesson by students

What do you want to know about this topic?

(Outline: 1. Why did Piraeus become the main port? 2. Who lived in Piraeus? 3. What did the inhabitants of Piraeus do? 4. The slave trade.) (Slide #2)

3. Assignment for the lesson.

In ancient Greece, Athens was called the "Sea Country".

Pick up the facts that prove this characteristic (Slide number 3)

IV. Learning new material

A) Port of Piraeus.

The teacher's story about the location and protection of the road from Athens to Piraeus (Slide number 4)

In the 5th century BC. Piraeus became the main port of the Athenian state. It was located 5-6 kilometers from Athens. On both sides of the road leading from Athens to Piraeus, Long Walls were built in case of war. Piraeus had two military and one trading harbor.

Work in pairs

B) in military harbors.

Work with the text of the textbook. First the group answers the question: What was in the military harbors and how they were protected. (Slide number 5)

An entry in the workbook of the concept of a citizen

Citizens by law were considered native Athenians, in whom both parents - both father and mother - were citizens.

Second the group works with the text of the textbook and answers the question: What did poor citizens do in military harbors?

Third the group works with the text of the textbook and answers the question: What did rich citizens do in the harbors?

C) in a trading harbor.

Many ships from different countries and cities arrived in the most extensive of the harbors of Piraeus. (Slide number 6). Pupils make up a story according to the drawing of the textbook.

Answer the questions:

What do you see in the picture?

What professions are in the port?

Work in groups with the text of the textbook . First the group answers the question: 1. What kind of goods were brought to Piraeus and from where? Second the group answers the question: 2. What did they buy in the port for sale? (Slide number 7)

Third the group answers the question: 3. How did the settlers differ from the citizens?

D) Sale of slaves. The teacher's story about the sale and labor of slaves. Writing in a notebook

In Piraeus, as in other Greek cities, people were trafficked. They were sold like animals in special markets. They sold foreigners taken prisoner, bought overseas or captured by pirates. The children of slaves also became slaves.

Wealthy Athenians bought slaves for the home: to clean the house, take care of children, and work on the house.

The owners of craft workshops also willingly bought slaves. They did the hardest and dirtiest work. For example, to carry coal, to inflate furs in the forge, to knead clay.

Wealthy farmers also bought slaves. They were instructed to collect olives, crush grapes with a press or feet, and cultivate arable land.

But the most difficult conditions were in the silver mines in the south of Attica. They worked deep underground, suffering from a lack of light air. The whole day from early morning and late evening, thousands of slaves mined precious ore.

The law forbade the killing of a slave. But otherwise it belonged to its owner, was his thing. A slave could not manage his labor, have a family, change his place of residence. In captivity, the slave often lost his name, received a nickname for the name of the tribe where he was from: Scythian, Thracian, Persian.

Sometimes slaves were set free for faithful service and good work. These slaves were called freedmen. Often, talented craftsmen - shoemakers, builders, artists - who paid a large ransom, became freedmen.

D) Analysis of a historical document. (Slide number 8) Students read the text and answer the questions:

How did the earnings of free Athenians compare with the prices of slaves?

Guess why not all Athenians could afford to have a slave?

D). (Slide number 9) Slide work. Having studied the content of the slide, the students answer the question: Who else, apart from slaves, was not a full citizen of Athens?

And now let's call what we learned new in the lesson?

Answer to the assignment for the lesson

Have we studied the life of the Athenian port of Piraeus? Is it true that Athens is "Sea shit" 1-2 minutes

1. Athens had the largest military fleet.

2. The Athenians carried on extensive maritime trade with many countries and Greek colonies.

V. Consolidation of the studied material for students

The work of students in a printed notebook. Tasks 37. 4-5 minutes. Students' answers 1-2 minutes.

VI. Checking the assimilation of knowledge and skills.

Before you leaflets with tasks to test knowledge. In tasks 1-3 and 6-7 you need to choose 1 correct answer from the options provided. In questions 4 and 5 you need to fill in the missing words or phrases. 1 minute to complete the task.

Pair check. Check your friend's work with the correct answer code.

Grading system: "5" - 7 correct answers;

"4" - 6-5 correct answers;

"3" - 4 correct answers.

Put the received assessment from the assessment sheet in the column Checking the assimilation of knowledge.

And now we will display your average mark for the work in the lesson. Add up all three of your grades and divide by three. Round the resulting figure to integers.

Record your grade in your diary.

VII. Homework

If you got a grade of "3", then study paragraph 33 and answer the questions of the paragraph.

If you got a score of "4" or "5", then write a story about the life of Piraeus on behalf of an Athenian citizen or a foreign merchant.

VIII. Reflection

A few days ago, the Olympic Games in Sochi ended. Let's feel like part of it. You each have three medals on the table. If you felt great at the lesson, attach a gold (yellow) medal to the board. If you felt good at the lesson, attach a silver (white) medal to the board. If you felt satisfactorily in the lesson, attach a bronze (orange) medal to the board.

The lesson is over, thank you all for your work.

Used Books

Arslanova O.V. Lesson developments on the history of the ancient world. - M.: VAKO, 2005.

History of the ancient world: a textbook for grade 5 educational institutions / A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder. - M.: Enlightenment, 2009.

In today's lesson, you will get acquainted with the Athenian port of Piraeus, which the Athenians themselves called the “mouth of Athens”.

background

Athens is not located on the seashore, but a few kilometers from it. Therefore, Athens was not originally a port city. The port at Athens appeared during, in the 5th century BC, during the reign of Themistocles. Thanks to the appearance of the port and the navy, the Athenians were able to defeat the Persians outnumbered.

Events

Citizens by law were considered native Athenians, in whom both parents - both father and mother - were citizens. In the harbors there were many poor citizens who came here to earn money. These were rowers and sailors, workers at the shipyards, where they repaired old and built new ships. From day to day here they knocked with axes, impregnated the bottoms of the triremes with resin, plugged the cracks formed in the voyage.

In the harbors one could also see a rich man, for example, a landowner or a merchant. He came to perform an honorable but ruinous duty. According to Athenian laws, the richest citizens had to equip a warship at their own expense.

Many ships from different countries and cities arrived in the most extensive of the harbors of Piraeus. Linen and papyrus were brought from Egypt, ivory from other regions of Africa, grain, salted fish and slaves from the Black Sea colonies (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. In the trading harbor of Piraeus ()

Hungry for news, the Athenians rushed to the newly arrived merchant with the question: "What's new?" Learned about the prices of bread and other goods. With their mouths open, they listened to stories about distant lands, about encounters with pirates and sea monsters.

Before unloading the ship, the merchant who brought the goods paid a fee for the right to trade in Athens. The money went to the treasury of the Athenian state. Toll collectors were citizens chosen by lot for this position.

Merchants brought across the sea products of Athenian artisans: magnificent clay vessels, marble statues, silver bracelets, earrings, goblets. Wine and olive oil were exported in large quantities, which were bought from the farmers of Attica. This led to the fact that farmers sowed less bread than before, but grew grapes and olives in large quantities. Now they were not in danger of ruin.

Among the merchants there were many settlers from other cities who permanently lived in Athens. The settlers spoke Greek, dressed the same as the rest of the Athenians, worshiped the same gods, but had to pay a tax to the treasury for the mere right to live in the Athenian state. Citizens of such tax did not pay.

In Piraeus, as in other cities of Hellas, people were traded like cattle. They sold foreigners taken prisoner, bought overseas or captured by pirates (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Labor of slaves ()

Wealthy Athenians bought slaves for the home: sweeping, caring for children, baking bread, weaving. Slaves were willingly acquired by the owners of the workshops. In the smithy, for example, a slave was forced to carry coal, fan the fire with bellows in a blazing furnace, and beat the hot metal with a heavy hammer. Wealthy farmers also bought one or two slaves. They were instructed to pick olives, crush grapes with their feet and press.

The most terrible fate awaited those who fell into the silver mines in the south of Attica. Deep underground, suffering from a lack of air and light, thousands of slaves mined precious ore.

The laws of Athens forbade the killing of a slave. But otherwise, they did not recognize human rights for him: a slave could not dispose of his labor, have a family, or change his place of residence. In captivity, the slave often lost his name and received a nickname for the name of the tribe to which he belonged: Scythian, Thracian, Persian.

Sometimes slave owners set them free. Such people were called freedmen. They could be devoted servants, for example, a nanny who raised the master's children. Freedmen became talented craftsmen who paid the ransom - shoemakers, builders, artists who decorated pottery with drawings.

Athens became the largest center of crafts and trade.

Bibliography

1. A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. Ancient world history. Grade 5 - M .: Education, 2006.
2. Nemirovsky A.I. A book to read on the history of the ancient world. - M.: Enlightenment, 1991.

1. W-st.ru ()
2. Greece-info.ru ()
3. Rabpower.ru ()

Homework

1. Where is Piraeus located?
2. What groups divided the population of the Athenian policy?
3. What rights did citizens and migrants have?
4. Where was slave labor used?

In today's lesson, you will get acquainted with the Athenian port of Piraeus, which the Athenians themselves called the “mouth of Athens”.

background

Athens is not located on the seashore, but a few kilometers from it. Therefore, Athens was not originally a port city. The port at Athens appeared during, in the 5th century BC, during the reign of Themistocles. Thanks to the appearance of the port and the navy, the Athenians were able to defeat the Persians outnumbered.

Events

Citizens by law were considered native Athenians, in whom both parents - both father and mother - were citizens. In the harbors there were many poor citizens who came here to earn money. These were rowers and sailors, workers at the shipyards, where they repaired old and built new ships. From day to day here they knocked with axes, impregnated the bottoms of the triremes with resin, plugged the cracks formed in the voyage.

In the harbors one could also see a rich man, for example, a landowner or a merchant. He came to perform an honorable but ruinous duty. According to Athenian laws, the richest citizens had to equip a warship at their own expense.

Many ships from different countries and cities arrived in the most extensive of the harbors of Piraeus. Linen and papyrus were brought from Egypt, ivory from other regions of Africa, grain, salted fish and slaves from the Black Sea colonies (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. In the trading harbor of Piraeus ()

Hungry for news, the Athenians rushed to the newly arrived merchant with the question: "What's new?" Learned about the prices of bread and other goods. With their mouths open, they listened to stories about distant lands, about encounters with pirates and sea monsters.

Before unloading the ship, the merchant who brought the goods paid a fee for the right to trade in Athens. The money went to the treasury of the Athenian state. Toll collectors were citizens chosen by lot for this position.

Merchants brought across the sea products of Athenian artisans: magnificent clay vessels, marble statues, silver bracelets, earrings, goblets. Wine and olive oil were exported in large quantities, which were bought from the farmers of Attica. This led to the fact that farmers sowed less bread than before, but grew grapes and olives in large quantities. Now they were not in danger of ruin.

Among the merchants there were many settlers from other cities who permanently lived in Athens. The settlers spoke Greek, dressed the same as the rest of the Athenians, worshiped the same gods, but had to pay a tax to the treasury for the mere right to live in the Athenian state. Citizens of such tax did not pay.

In Piraeus, as in other cities of Hellas, people were traded like cattle. They sold foreigners taken prisoner, bought overseas or captured by pirates (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Labor of slaves ()

Wealthy Athenians bought slaves for the home: sweeping, caring for children, baking bread, weaving. Slaves were willingly acquired by the owners of the workshops. In the smithy, for example, a slave was forced to carry coal, fan the fire with bellows in a blazing furnace, and beat the hot metal with a heavy hammer. Wealthy farmers also bought one or two slaves. They were instructed to pick olives, crush grapes with their feet and press.

The most terrible fate awaited those who fell into the silver mines in the south of Attica. Deep underground, suffering from a lack of air and light, thousands of slaves mined precious ore.

The laws of Athens forbade the killing of a slave. But otherwise, they did not recognize human rights for him: a slave could not dispose of his labor, have a family, or change his place of residence. In captivity, the slave often lost his name and received a nickname for the name of the tribe to which he belonged: Scythian, Thracian, Persian.

Sometimes slave owners set them free. Such people were called freedmen. They could be devoted servants, for example, a nanny who raised the master's children. Freedmen became talented craftsmen who paid the ransom - shoemakers, builders, artists who decorated pottery with drawings.

Athens became the largest center of crafts and trade.

Bibliography

1. A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. Ancient world history. Grade 5 - M .: Education, 2006.
2. Nemirovsky A.I. A book to read on the history of the ancient world. - M.: Enlightenment, 1991.

1. W-st.ru ()
2. Greece-info.ru ()
3. Rabpower.ru ()

Homework

1. Where is Piraeus located?
2. What groups divided the population of the Athenian policy?
3. What rights did citizens and migrants have?
4. Where was slave labor used?