Enter text in Russian letters:

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How will it be in Latin letters:

Why translate Russian letters into Latin?

Since Russia is not yet a very rich country in our country and most companies cannot afford to organize the distribution of free samples to advertise their product, at the moment most of the freebie offers come from abroad.

Since the most common language is English, the order forms for free samples are often in English.

Address information and full name of the recipient in such forms must be filled in Latin. Since both our postmen and those companies that distribute freebies will understand the Latin alphabet.

If you write in Russian, then there is a risk that the organizers of the action simply do not want to spend time translating and understanding what is written there.

If you write in English, then our postmen will not understand to whom and where to deliver.

The best option is to write the freebie delivery address and the full name of the freebie recipient in Latin.

Now the Internet is full of different translators, but most of them are either not convenient, or they need to be searched for a long time.

We offer to constantly use our free translator of Russian text into Latin.

When you order a freebie through forms written in English, then write the delivery address and full name in Latin.

Translate Russian text into Latin will allow our free, simple and convenient service. When we order samples from foreign sites, we always do this and it's a freebie, not always of course :-), but it comes. So the way is correct.

Writing Roman numerals using the keyboard is an interesting activity. Anyone can feel like a connoisseur of this calculus system.

Need to enter Roman numerals on your laptop but don't know how to do it? No problem! All you need to do is take a few minutes to read this article.

Roman numerals are rarely used today, mainly to indicate the centuries and serial numbers of various rulers, for example, the 18th century or Alexander II. You can also find Roman numerals on the dial of watches or in the designation of chapters in books. Often a large number of Roman numerals is found when writing essays. Then the ability to quickly insert them can save a lot of time.

Writing Roman numerals has been customary in Europe for two thousand years. Later, when in the Middle Ages, the Arabs decided to replace the number system with a simpler one. Over time, it spread throughout the world.

The Digital Era

Writing Roman numerals on a laptop or PC keyboard is quite simple, because all numbers in this number system correspond to Latin letters. So if you have an English alphabet keyboard, inserting Roman numerals is easy. In addition, you can write numbers in the Word, as well as put special codes. But first things first.

Standard Method

For roman numerals:

• Switch to English (for a computer, the keyboard shortcut is Ctrl + Shift, for a laptop Alt + Shift);
• Press the CapsLock key, since all Roman numerals are typed in capital Latin letters.

You can then try inserting the first number on a computer or laptop:

• 1 - Latin letter I;
• 2 - two letters II, 3 - respectively 3 letters;
• 5 - Latin letter V;
• 4 - combination IV (that is, 1 less than 5);
• 6 - formed in a similar way - VI (1 more than 5);
• 7 and 8 - 2 and 3 more than 5, that is, VII and VIII;
• 10 - Latin letter X;
• 9 and 11 - similar to the formation of the numbers 4 and 6, that is, IX and XI (1 less than ten, and 1 more than ten, respectively);
• 12 and 13 - XII and XIII;
• And so on: 14 - 19 - add to ten (X) the numbers received earlier;
• 20, 30 - two and three tens, respectively;
• 50 - Latin letter L;
• 40 and 60 - similar to the formation of 4 and 6 - XL and LX;
• 100 is the Latin letter C (remember that 100 is a centner, then the letter C (ce) will be easy to remember;
• 500 - Latin letter D;
• 1000 the letter M is a thousand.

If you need to dial a long number, like 177, then first do the calculation: 100+70+7. Type on the keyboard from a larger number. You get CLXXVII.

You can write in Roman numerals and birthday. For example, 07/23/1978. will look like XXIII.VII.MCMLXXVIII.

If you need to enter a long number, then sometimes the calculation can be difficult. A special Arabic-Roman number converter will help you here. Such online services using a laptop can be quickly found on the Internet.

ASCII codes

To enter Roman numerals on a laptop or PC, you can use special ASCII codes:

• Turn on Num Lock;
• Hold down the ALT key and type the appropriate combination of numbers on the secondary keyboard.

This method of typing Roman numerals on a computer may seem complicated, but in principle you will quickly get used to it if you use it constantly. Over time, you will be able to insert any Roman number literally automatically, since there are, in principle, few numbers to remember, these are:

• I - code 73;
• V - code 86;
• X - code 88;
• L - code 76;
• C - code 67;
• D - code 68;
• M - code 77.

Obviously, this is a very time-consuming method, especially if you need to enter a lot of Roman numbers. But if you have no other options, then this method will be quite viable.

Word

The easiest way to enter Roman numerals using a laptop is to write them in Word or any other office application. Do the following:

• Press Ctrl+F9 keys;
• Parentheses ( );
• Type in brackets - (=required number\*ROMAN);
• Press the F9 key;
• The desired Roman numeral will appear.

This is an effective method when you are not sure how to type this or that number correctly, and there is no Internet access from a laptop. But he also has a drawback: you can only write in Word and similar office applications. If you need to enter Roman numerals in Photoshop, then this method will not work. Alternatively, you can type a number on the keyboard, copy it and paste it into the desired document, this is not so difficult to do.

The easiest way to write Roman numerals on a keyboard or laptop is to put Latin letters in the English layout. The method is suitable for any application. If you often use Roman numerals, then memorize them quickly. For those who are just starting to learn them, it is recommended to use a converter or a regular draft.

Writing Roman numbers digitally is only at first glance a difficult task. Given that their distribution is rather limited today, you can always spend a little time figuring out how to make the right input.

Let's say the user needs to create an Apple ID account. This process is simple, but sometimes there is a misunderstanding. For example, for a password, you need to enter a lowercase or uppercase letter, as required by the system. What does this mean?

In fact, everything is simple. Lowercase letters are those letters that are written in lower case. In other words, these are small letters: a, b, c, d, e, etc.

Capital letters are those letters that are written in upper case, that is, capital letters: A, B, C, D, E, etc.

If everything is clear with lowercase letters, then what about uppercase ones? Let's show an example on the iPhone keyboard. If you need one uppercase letter, press the arrow key once and select the desired letter, it will be written in uppercase, further letters in lowercase.

If you need to write several capital letters, click on the arrow twice, then all letters will be capital. To disable the function, click on the arrow again.

But what about the computer keyboard? To write a capital letter, press the Shift key. Here she is:

To write multiple capital letters, you can either press the Caps Lock key to make all letters capitalized, or hold down the Shift key.

A few tips for creating a password. They are simple, but it is worth sticking to them so that no one can find out your data.

• The length of the password should not be less than 8 characters, and preferably at least 12 characters.

• The password must contain numbers.

• The password must contain both lowercase and uppercase letters.

• Use different characters like #$%^ etc.

• Try to use different letters and numbers, not the same ones.

• Do not use dates that are relevant to you in your password. For example, you should not use the year of your birth.

• Do not, under any circumstances, tell your password to anyone.

• Change your password periodically—at least once every few months.

In the 5th century BC e. Latin language(self-name Lingua Latina) was one of the many Italic languages ​​spoken in central Italy. Latin was used in the area known as Latium (the modern name is Lazio), and Rome was one of the cities in this area. The earliest inscriptions in Latin date from the 6th century BC. BC e. and made using an alphabet based on the Etruscan script.

Gradually, the influence of Rome spread to other parts of Italy, and through them to Europe. Over time, the Roman Empire took over Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Throughout the empire, Latin began to be used as the language of law and authority, and, to an increasing extent, the language of everyday life. The Romans were literate, and many of them read the works of famous Latin authors.

Meanwhile, in the eastern Mediterranean, Greek remained the lingua franca, and educated Romans were bilingual. The earliest examples of Latin literature known to us are translations of Greek plays and Cato's agricultural manual into Latin, dating from 150 BC. e.

Classical Latin, which was used in the early works of Latin literature, differed in many ways from colloquial, so-called Vulgar Latin. However, some writers, including Cicero and Petronius, used Vulgar Latin in their writings. Over time, the spoken variants of the Latin language moved further and further away from the literary standard, and gradually italic/romance languages ​​(Spanish, Portuguese, etc.) appeared on their basis.

Even after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476, Latin continued to be used as a literary language in Western and Central Europe. A huge amount of medieval Latin literature of various styles appeared - from the scientific works of Irish and Anglo-Saxon writers to simple fairy tales and sermons intended for the general public.

During the XV century. Latin began to lose its dominant position and the title of the main language of science and religion in Europe. To a large extent, it has been replaced by written versions of local European languages, many of which are derived from or influenced by Latin.

Modern Latin was used by the Roman Catholic Church until the middle of the 20th century, and today, to some extent, continues to exist, especially in the Vatican, where it is recognized as one of the official languages. Latin terminology is actively used by biologists, paleontologists and other scientists to name species and preparations, as well as doctors and lawyers.

Latin alphabet

The Romans used only 23 letters to write in Latin:

There were no lowercase letters in Latin. The letters I and V could be used as consonants and vowels. The letters K, X, Y and Z were only used to write words of Greek origin.

The letters J, U and W were added to the alphabet later for writing in languages ​​other than Latin.

The letter J is a variant of I and was first introduced into use by Pierre de la Ramais in the 16th century.

The letter U is a variant of V. In Latin, the sound /u/ was denoted by the letter v, for example IVLIVS (Julius).

W was originally a doubled v (vv) and was first used by Old English scribes in the 7th century, although the runic letter Wynn (Ƿ) was more commonly used to represent the /w/ sound. After the Norman Conquest, the letter W became more popular and by 1300 completely replaced the letter Wynn.

Reconstructed phonetic transcription of Classical Latin

Vowels and diphthongs

Consonants

Notes

• Vowel length was not displayed in writing, although modern redactions of classical texts use the macron (ā) to indicate long vowels.
• The pronunciation of short vowels in mid-position is different: E [ɛ], O [ɔ], I [ɪ] and V [ʊ].

Phonetic transcription of Church Latin

Vowels

diphthongs

Consonants

Notes

• Double vowels are pronounced separately
• C = [ʧ] before ae, oe, e, i or y, and [k] in any other positions
• G = [ʤ] before ae, oe, e, i or y, and [g] in any other positions
• H is not pronounced except in words mihi and nihil where the /k/ sound is pronounced
• S = [z] between vowels
• SC = [ʃ] before ae, oe, e, i or y, and in any other positions
• TI = before a vowel a and after all letters except s, t, or x, and in any other positions
• U = [w] after q
• V = [v] at the beginning of a syllable
• Z = at the beginning of a word before vowels, and before consonants or at the end of a word.

A long time ago, the Latin spoken by the Romans left an indestructible mark. We are talking about all European languages, which are divided into Romance and Germanic. As for the Slavic peoples, a fundamentally new script was developed specifically for them, in which echoes of Europe and the Balkans were traced. So, the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, which we still use today, became the main alphabets among the Slavic-European peoples.

Origin of languages

The origins by which one can calculate the birth of a particular language are very vague. Until now, ancient linguistics and etymology constitute one of the greatest difficulties for researchers. However, Cyrillic and Latin are some exceptions, since the origin of these alphabets is more or less clear.

Latin

Let's start with the language that was spoken in ancient Rome, and which today, although dead, is widely used in medicine, history and philology. The prototype of Latin was the Etruscan unwritten language, which existed mainly in oral form and was used among the tribes of the same name inhabiting the center of modern Italy.

The new Roman civilization systematized all the dialects and developments of their ancestors, forming a full-fledged Latin alphabet. It consisted of 21 letters: A B C D E F H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Z . After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Latin spread widely throughout Europe and assimilated with various tribal dialects (Celtic, Welsh, Gothic, etc.).

This is how the languages ​​of the Romance-Germanic group appeared - French, Italian, German, English and many others. Today, a single alphabet is used to write them, consisting of 26 letters.

Old Church Slavonic

For the Slavic peoples, Latin was alien and unacceptable. But given the fact that some lands were subject to papal authority, while others adopted Orthodox Christianity, it was necessary to teach people the Holy Word. The Greek brothers Cyril and Methodius created an alphabet of 43 letters, which became understandable to the Slavic people.

It was named after the older brother Cyril, and it became the basis for the new Old Church Slavonic language. Later, the number of letters decreased, and the language itself spread over very large areas. Of course, it has undergone changes due to various dialects, and as a result, it has broken up into many independent languages. This alphabet became the basis for Eastern European writings, South European and Russian.

Modern international writing systems

Today, for the exchange of information at the international level, even in Eastern countries, Cyrillic and Latin are used. These are two universal alphabets that have a similar structure and symbols, and they are also able to replace each other. But it is worth noting that each of them has its own advantages.

Undoubtedly, the Latin alphabet is more common on the globe. With its help, many Chinese and Japanese words are recorded, it is widely used in bank documents (even in Russia) to record personal data. But any linguist will tell you for sure that the Cyrillic alphabet is a much richer and more convenient alphabet due to the fact that its symbols convey a wider range of sounds.

"Alphabet" reforms

Replacing the Cyrillic alphabet with the Latin alphabet is a very important issue that has repeatedly arisen in many Slavic states. For the first time, the Latin letter replaced the Slavic in the Commonwealth and the Principality of Lithuania. Until now, Lithuania and Poland, despite the Slavic roots of their languages, use the Latin alphabet.

The translation from Cyrillic to Latin also affected the South European countries. For example, Romania, which used the Cyrillic alphabet, adopted the Latin alphabet in the 19th century. The same was done in Montenegro, Serbia and the Czech Republic.

What has Russia gone through?

On the territory of our state, the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets fought for a place under the sun more than once. Undoubtedly, Cyrillic writing was native to a Russian person, but repeated attempts to catholize the country meant abandoning it and introducing the Latin alphabet as the basis of written speech.

The first to abandon the Slavic alphabet was Peter the Great. He even carried out a language reform, throwing out many letters from the alphabet and replacing some of them with European ones. But later he abandoned this idea, returning everything to its place.

The second attempt to Latinize Russian society took place after the revolution. At that time, Lenin carried out a unification reform. European units of measurement were adopted, there was a transition to the European calendar, and it was assumed that the language would be translated.

Linguists have done a tremendous job of changing all Russian sources that were written in Cyrillic. But Stalin, who soon came to power, realized that the idea was devoid of common sense, and returned everything to normal.

Latin and Cyrillic: the difference

It is impossible not to notice that these two alphabets are incredibly similar to each other. They even contain exactly the same letters: A, B, E, K, M, H, O, R, C, T, U, X. But as it was rightly noted above, the functionality of the Cyrillic alphabet is much wider. Due to such letters as “Ш” or “Ш”, for example, a sound is transmitted, which is written in Latin using two, three, or four characters.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the letters "C" and "K", which in our letter are strictly distinguished by sound. And in groups, their transcription depends on the leading vowel. Well, and most importantly, how the Latin alphabet differs from the Cyrillic alphabet is that each sound corresponds to its letter.

The combination of letters in a word does not affect their sound, doubling of consonants is pronounced clearly, there are no mute vowels and mute syllables.

The idea of ​​translating all languages ​​into Latin writing has been repeatedly put forward. The letter Z was dropped from the alphabet in 312 BC. e. (later restored). In the Middle Ages, the Scandinavian and English alphabets used the runic letter þ (name: thorn) for the th sound (as in modern English the), but this later fell into disuse. At about the same time, but only in northern Europe, the digraph VV, which arose in the 11th century and was used in writing the Germanic languages, began to be considered a separate letter.

The oldest discovered Latin inscriptions date back to the 7th century BC. e. The direction of writing in archaic inscriptions could be either left to right or right to left. According to one hypothesis, the Latin language borrowed the alphabetic letter from Greek directly, according to another version, the Etruscan alphabet turned out to be a kind of intermediary in this.

The letters Θ, Φ and Ψ were not used to write words, but were used as signs for the numbers 100, 1000 and 50. Subsequently, these functions were transferred to the letters C, M and L, respectively (see Roman Numerals). The Latin writing of epigraphic monuments is also called monumental, square, or lapidary.

Latin alphabet

Epigraphists sometimes single out another type of Latin writing - actuarial, used for documents (acts). A special type of Latin writing arose in the 3rd century in North Africa - the so-called uncial (that is, "hooked") writing. This alphabet is the same as the modern English alphabet. During the Middle Ages, in Latin writing, frequently used prefixes, suffixes, and even word roots were shortened with the help of ligatures and special characters, some of which are still used today.

what are the latin letters

Most artificial languages ​​are based on the Latin alphabet, in particular, Esperanto, Interlingua, Ido and others. For example, sometimes in the Russian text Japanese names are written in Latin, although there are generally accepted rules for transliteration into the Cyrillic alphabet for the Japanese language.

Pronunciation of Latin letters

The Latin alphabet is used throughout the world to romanize languages ​​that use non-Latin alphabets in order to facilitate communication. Most languages ​​with non-Latin alphabets have official Latin-based transliteration rules.

Attempts to use the Latin alphabet in records in Russian were noted as early as the 1680s - 1690s. The modern Latin alphabet, which is the basis of the writing of Germanic, Romance and many other languages, consists of 26 letters. Letters are called differently in different languages.

The Latin alphabet comes from the Etruscan alphabet, based, in turn, on one of the variants of the Western (South Italic) Greek alphabet. In a number of countries, auxiliary writing in Latin is standardized and children study it at school (in Japan, China). On the other hand, in texts in the non-Latin alphabet, foreign names are often left in Latin due to the lack of a generally accepted and easily recognizable spelling in their system.

In Russian, the Cyrillic font is used for writing, it is also used by some other Slavic peoples, such as Bulgarians and Serbs. But, more than half of European languages ​​use the Latin alphabet for writing.

Where Latin letters and numbers are currently used

But both language and writing are always the result of centuries-old work of the people. Nomadic tribes, and the warring parties, there was no need for writing. Probably, it was in some of these moments of calm that the ancient Phoenicians thought about how to graphically display the necessary information.

Latin language (Latin)

But the Greek civilization fell, under the onslaught of the Roman conquerors, who received the alphabet and writing as trophies. Many of these fonts are still used for decorative purposes. This is how the evolution of writing took place, introducing new signs, styles, ways of writing. Many people ask the question: “What are the Latin letters?” In fact, everything is extremely simple. In fact, the Latin alphabet is the alphabetic characters of modern English. The only difference is in pronunciation.

You don't have to look far for an example, just take out your foreign passport and look into it. Under the surname written in Russian, you will definitely see its Latin version. Speaking of the Latin alphabet, it is difficult not to mention the influence of the Greek language, as it made a huge contribution to the formation of the modern Latin spelling.

All the words written in it are read not only from right to left and vice versa, but, most interestingly, you can read the characters diagonally. Very often, when submitting documents such as visas, you are required to indicate your personal data using only the Latin alphabet, the letters of which should correspond as closely as possible to Russian.

The letter C was used to represent the sounds [k] and [g]; in 234 BC e. a separate letter G was created by adding a transverse dash to C. This standard 26-letter alphabet is fixed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as the "basic Latin alphabet".

The keyboards of absolutely all modern laptops and computers are extremely multifunctional. However, due to attempts to save space, almost all keys perform completely different functions and print letters of different alphabets, for this it is necessary to switch the keyboard layout.

You can switch to the Latin font and back to the Cyrillic alphabet by simultaneously pressing the "Alt + Shift" or "Ctrl + Shift" keys, or by using the "Window + Space" keys (depending on the system settings).

If typing is done in capital letters, you need to press the "Caps Lock" key, after which typing will continue in capital letters. To type several uppercase letters in a row, you need to press the "Shift" key.

Switch between lowercase and uppercase letters

While entering text, you periodically have to change the case of letters. Use the Caps Lock key to switch between lowercase (small) and uppercase (capital, large) letters. If the capital letters input mode is enabled, then the signal lamp of the same name is lit in the upper right corner of the keyboard and capital characters are entered. Pressing the Caps Lock key switches to lowercase mode. The signal light goes out and lower case letters are entered.

To temporarily switch between cases, when you need, for example, to enter only one uppercase letter at the beginning of a sentence, you should use another method. Temporary switching is carried out by simultaneously pressing the left or right Shift key and the character key. If the keyboard is configured to operate in uppercase mode, then the described method results in a temporary switch to lowercase mode. Conversely, if the keyboard is set to lowercase mode, it temporarily switches to uppercase mode. Holding down the Shift key allows you to enter an arbitrary number of letters in a different case. However, to enter a large number of letters, it is better to use constant switching using the CapsLock key.