Quiz #1:

1 The Cossacks, under the leadership of Andrey Dubensky, set up the Krasny Yar prison in almost one month. It was ready by August 19, 1628. And to protect against attack, “ditches were dug near the prison ..”, and “garlic” was installed along the bottom of the ditch. What is "garlic"?

Correct answer: The Russian name "garlic" is a distorted derivative of the word "chastik", which means a fence of rows of pointed stakes. Modern analogues of garlic (also referred to as "hedgehogs") are used as an anti-vehicle barrier - to puncture tires.

2 In 1957, in Krasnoyarsk, at the Yenisei factory, they began to produce a musical instrument, which was called the Yenisei. Name it.

Correct answer: Pianos were produced in Krasnoyarsk until 1997, it was the only enterprise in the regional center that produced keyboard musical instruments. Then for some time furniture was produced here, and since 2005 the production was closed. Now a residential complex is being built on the site of the factory on Dudinskaya Street.

3 She worked at the Krasnoyarsk Museum of Local Lore, collecting folklore. In 1937 she published the collection Tales of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in 1940 - Tales of Our Territory. Say her name.

Correct answer: Maria Vasilievna Krasnozhenova (1871–1942), graduate and later teacher of the Krasnoyarsk women's gymnasium, ethnographer, folklorist, local historian, employee of the Krasnoyarsk Museum of Local Lore. In 2014, her book "Life of the Great Siberian Highway" was published, which contains the memories of the inhabitants of the Yenisei province.

4 This enterprise in Krasnoyarsk was founded in the middle of the last century. At first, artificial flowers were made here, then papier-mâché toys, and now it is the only enterprise from the Urals to the Far East that produces Christmas tree decorations. What is it called and where is it located?

Correct answer: Now Biryusinka is one of the leading enterprises in the industry, which produces soft-stuffed toys, carnival costumes for children and adults, PVC plastisol toys, glass Christmas tree decorations and toy packaging for New Year's gifts. "Biryusinka" continues the traditions of folk art that originated at the beginning of the 20th century.

5 In September 1955, a boat with the State Commission set off upstream from the river station in Krasnoyarsk. The commission liked the high rocky shores near the small village of Shumikha. Since that time, the place has become famous. What is here?

Correct answer: Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station is the "visiting card" of the region. The station was built on the Yenisei River in 1955-1972. In terms of installed capacity (6,000 MW), it ranks second in Russia and is among the ten largest hydroelectric power plants in the world.

6 Often, villages in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (and not only) are named after their founders. Vasilievka, Ivanovka, Bochkarevka, Bogdanovka, Vanino and others. Three villages in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are named after women - Tatyanovka, Olgino, Maryevka.

Correct answer: Three villages in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are named after the three daughters of the last Tsar of Russia Nicholas II - Tatyanovka, Olgino, Maryevka.

7 There is a riddle in "Ergaki" near the Lake of Mountain Spirits. Experts cannot explain the appearance of a perfectly flat sloping surface by ordinary tectonic processes or the result of rock weathering. This rock is also called the rock of the Brothers, as if they joined hands. What is it called?

Correct answer: Ergaki is a very “compact” area, you can get around it in a few days. And some of the natural attractions have become iconic for these places. It is they who form the unique image of Ergakov and are the “centers of attraction” for tens of thousands of tourists. Among them is the rock formation Brothers (the second name is Parabola).

8 The hero of an Evenki tale went fishing, left his wife, children and a herd of deer. He returned to the camp, his wife was crying: "The enemies have stolen all the deer." The husband says: “Oh, how you scared me. I thought you lost.... What could a woman lose and why was this item so expensive?

Correct answer: In ancient times, Evenk families especially valued those items that could not be made on their own. One of these items was a needle. It cost a lot and was alone. If they lost it, then there was nothing to sew clothes on, and the whole family could die from the cold.

9 This photo paper factory was evacuated to Krasnoyarsk from Leningrad in October 1941. This is how it looked during the Great Patriotic War. Now only the name of this factory has been preserved; a shopping center is located in the factory buildings. Name it.

Correct answer: In June 1942, the installation of the second stage equipment was completed at the factory, and photographic paper began to be produced here. In 1945, the production of X-ray film was mastered here. And since 1952, they completely switched to photographic paper. The plant was called "Quantum", now this name has passed to the shopping center.

10 Photo taken in 1941. The train with the evacuated plant goes to Siberia, to Krasnoyarsk. On which shore were the evacuated factories located?

Photo: from the funds of the children's library of Kassil

Correct answer: The equipment of the evacuated factories was unloaded as close as possible to the railway, there were more suitable sites on the right bank, it was there that even before the war they planned to build the first thermal power plant. Most of the factories were located on the right bank, although there was no automobile bridge across the Yenisei at that time, there was only one, a railway one.

11 The northernmost forest in the world is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is noteworthy that it consists of one tree species. Where is it located and what breed does it consist of?

Correct answer: The northernmost forest in the world is a branch of the Ary-Mas Taimyr Reserve. It consists of Daurian larch.

12 What places in the Krasnoyarsk Territory should a traveler visit in order to get closer to the center of the Earth?

Correct answer: To get closer to the center of the Earth, you need to visit the northernmost point of the edge, and to move away from it, you need to visit the southernmost point. The fact is that the polar radius of the Earth is 22 km shorter than the equatorial one.

13 Solve the puzzle and name the city of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Rebus

Correct answer: Kansk was founded in 1628 as the Kansky small prison near the Komarovsky rapids on the Kan River, 43 km below the modern city. Like Krasnoyarsk, the city was built as a fortress against the raids of the Yenisei Kirghiz. Now about 89 thousand people live here, this is the center of the Kansk region.

14 This enterprise was founded in 1898 and became the first truly large enterprise in Krasnoyarsk. It works to this day. Name this plant.

Correct answer: The first name of this plant is "Main Railway Workshops of the Siberian Road". He entered the history of the city and the region not only for his production successes. The workers took part in strikes and revolutions, and in the winter of 1905-1906, when a republic existed in Krasnoyarsk, they actively supported it.

15 There is a legend that, setting out to storm Azov, Peter the Great stopped for a halt near the village of Cherkassk. He was sitting by the fire, surrounded by his companions. The Cossacks came up and threw something into the fire. Everyone felt an unbearable heat. What mineral are we talking about, is it in the Krasnoyarsk Territory?

Correct Answer: It is coal. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is rich in coal and is one of the leading coal-mining regions of modern Russia.

YOUR RESULT:
Are you apparently from another region?

YOUR RESULT:
Not bad, but there is no limit to perfection.

Cetelem Bank is a joint venture between Sberbank and BNP Paribas banking group (France). The main direction of work of a financial institution is servicing individuals. Setelem confidently enters the top 50 Russian banking institutions. According to a number of indicators, for example, the size of assets and the loan portfolio, he is in 3rd or 4th place in the top ten.

The success of the organization in the retail market is due to several factors. Among the main ones is the well-thought-out and convenient personal account of Cetelem Bank (hereinafter referred to as the LC), which is complemented by the functional My Bank mobile application. It is advisable to consider the features and capabilities of each of the popular banking products in more detail.

The personal account of Cetelem Bank is posted on the website of the organization located at https://www.cetelem.ru/. To go to the registration or authorization page, just follow the link MY BANK in the upper right corner of any page of the resource.

The ability to register and enter the personal account of Setelem is provided to the organization's clients who have received a loan or taken out insurance. Access to the LC functionality allows you to remotely perform the following actions:

• find out the balance on the loan;
• view the schedule of upcoming payments;
• order the repayment of credit debt - full or partial;
• receive information about the methods of debt repayment;
• get acquainted with the special offers of the organization;
• find out the locations of the service points closest to the client.

Registration in a personal account

To enter your personal account with Setelem, you do not need to go through the registration procedure. It is very convenient and saves the client time. A personal account is created automatically for any borrower or cardholder of a banking institution. Therefore, clicking on the link above leads to the opening of the login page for your personal account.

Online login to your personal account on online.cetelem.ru

Logging into the personal account involves the sequential execution of several simple operations:

Password recovery and access to the personal account of Setelem

If you cannot log in to the personal account, you must first check the data entered by the client. If there is no result, you will need to restore access to the personal account. To do this, you need to contact the nearest office of Cetelem Bank.

To find his address, follow these steps:

In a branch of a banking institution, it is required to describe the situation and follow the instructions to employees. He will quickly fix the problem and restore access to the personal account of Cetelem Bank.

Cash loan at Cetelem Bank

The functionality of the personal account of Cetelem Bank provides customers with an extensive range of options. Some of them deserve detailed consideration.

How to get a cash loan

A convenient and practical loan calculator is very popular among borrowers. It is posted on the website of the organization in the public domain. To calculate with its help the approximate terms of the loan, you must:

The consequence of the implementation of the described actions is the calculation of credit conditions. The results are displayed on the right side of the screen and include three key parameters:

If the potential borrower wishes, the calculation results can be easily adjusted. To do this, it is enough to move the plate of any of the three initial parameters in the desired direction. The result of such actions is obtaining more acceptable terms for the client to issue loans. To get a loan from Cetelem Bank, it is enough:

• get in touch with a specialist of the organization;
• order a callback.

After that, you should follow the instructions of an employee of a banking organization.

Checking the loan balance in Setelem

Current loan information is one of the most sought-after and important for any borrower. There may be several reasons for getting it. Such information is necessary both for budget planning and for early repayment of the loan.

To find out the debt for the current date in your personal account of Cetelem Bank, you need to:

As a result of performing the above actions, information on the loan will be displayed on the screen. Having studied it, the borrower will easily plan the budget or make a decision on early repayment of the loan.

How to cancel insurance when lending?

One of the areas of work of a financial institution is the issuance of online insurance. Clients are offered several types of insurance from Cetelem Bank.

Insurance is issued by companies that are among the partners of Cetelem.

The obligatory type of insurance from Cetelem Bank is only the CASCO policy for car loans. The client has the right to refuse all other offers. In some cases - even after the conclusion of the insurance contract. Refusal from CASCO is also possible. For example, in case of early repayment of a car loan or if you want to change the insurance company. For this you need:

Cancellation of insurance by Cetelem Bank with a full refund of funds spent on the policy is possible only during the cooling period. Its duration is determined by the rules of the insurance company. For example, in Sberbank Insurance it is 3 weeks. After the expiration of the specified period, cancellation of insurance involves the payment of a part of the insurance premium.

Early repayment of a loan at Cetelem Bank

Logging into the personal account of a financial organization opens up access to a large number of opportunities. Among them - not only information on the loan, but also the payment of the debt.

When deciding on the method of repayment, the size of the commission should be taken into account. Today, there are two ways to early repay a loan at Cetelem Bank without additional costs. The first is auto payment in Sberbank, and the second is the use of Eleksnet terminals. In both cases, it is required to comply with limits on the number and size of financial transactions.

To repay a loan using a LC, you must:

Features of car loans in Cetelem Bank

Car loans are among the most popular bank services. The demand for this product is due to several important advantages:

To use the latter advantage, you first need to find out the balance on the loan. After that, you need to choose a repayment method and transfer funds.

Money transfer in personal account Setelem

Another convenient function of the personal account of a banking institution is the transfer of funds from card to card. The service allows you to make payments with the participation of plastics of both the bank itself and third-party financial organizations.

To complete the operation, you must:

Mobile app

For the convenience of customers, a mobile application of Bank Cetelem has been developed. The program has functionality that is almost similar to the capabilities of a personal account. Links for downloading the application from Cetelem Bank for mobile phones - both based on Android and for Apple devices - are located on the main page of the site.

To become a user of the Cetelem Mobile Bank, you must perform the following steps:

Detailed step-by-step instructions are posted on the website of a banking institution. Using the mobile application, the client has the opportunity to:

• find out the loan balance and other information about the received banking products;
• find out the due date of the next monthly payment;
• receive information about special offers;
• get acquainted with the credit and insurance products of a banking institution;
• order a callback from a financial institution employee;
• determine where the nearest bank office or salon issuing car loans is located.

Telephone Bank

In addition to the MY BANK application, Setelem specialists have developed another service for mobile devices - the Telephone Banking system. It allows you to receive information about the cards and accounts of the client with a simple call to one of the Call Centers. The main advantages of Telephone Bank users are:

After logging in, information is obtained automatically. The client is provided with information on a loan agreement or a card. He is only required to enter passport data and details of the banking product.

Telephone hotline Setelem

A prerequisite for quality service is the creation of an effectively working feedback with the client. Setelem provides several ways to contact a specialist for consulting or technical support:

To get help, just follow any of the indicated links available on all pages of the Cetelem Bank website. After that, you need to follow the instructions received, providing the necessary information. For example, fill in the fields of the opened form and send a request.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is a subject of the Russian Federation, located in the Siberian Federal District, the administrative center is Krasnoyarsk.

It borders with the Republic of Yakutia (Sakha) and the Irkutsk region in the east, with the Republics of Tyva and Khakassia in the south, with the Kemerovo and Tomsk regions, Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs in the west.

This is the second largest subject of the Russian Federation after the Republic of Yakutia (Sakha). It occupies an area of ​​2,366,797 sq. km, which is 13.86% of the territory of Russia.

Administrative division

The Krasnoyarsk Territory includes 17 urban districts and 44 municipal districts, including Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District (within the former Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug) and Evenkiysky District (within the former Evenki Autonomous Okrug).

Krasnoyarsk Territory from ancient times to the 17th century.

The first people settled here about 200 thousand years ago. Over the past centuries, waves of several great migrations of mankind have swept through the territory. The north of the region was inhabited from the end of 1 thousand BC. e. The territory of the region was settled along the Yenisei valley from south to north. The first inhabitants were representatives of the Mongoloid race, which is confirmed by the study of the remains of the Mongoloid skull found at the paleontological site of Afontova Gora (the territory of the city of Krasnoyarsk). Before the arrival of the Russians, a few Turkic, Samoyedic, Tungus and Yenisei tribes lived here - the ancestors of modern peoples (Dolgans, Nenets, Evenks) - who had an original ancient culture and a special way of life. Many tribes, tribal unions, primitive states appeared and disappeared on this earth.

The new history of the Yenisei country begins with its entry into the Russian state.

The first detachments of fishermen, service people began to penetrate here since the end of the 16th century. For the first time, Russian detachments under the command of Fyodor Dyakov reached the banks of the Yenisei in 1598. But the Russians did not stay here for a long time. Only with the foundation of the Mangazeya prison on the Taz River was a solid basis created for the establishment of Russian influence in the Yenisei land.

In 1607, the first permanent Russian settlement in the region was founded - the Turukhansk winter hut (later the city of Turukhansk). The penetration of the Russians into Eastern Siberia went along the Ket River - the right tributary of the Ob. In 1619, a detachment of servicemen passed along this road under the leadership of the son of the boyar Albychev and the archery centurion Cherkas Rukin, who founded the city of Yeniseisk.

The Russian conquest proceeded from north to south. In the first half of the seventeenth century, wooden forts-forts Krasnoyarsk (1628), Achinsk (1641), Kansk (1636) appeared in the Yenisei basin.

The first Russian inhabitants of the region were serving Cossacks. The indigenous population did not particularly object to the Russian presence. The exception was the Yenisei Kirghiz, stubborn battles with which continued until the beginning of the 18th century, when the united detachments of the cities of Krasnoyarsk, Yeniseisk, Tomsk and Kuznetsk utterly defeated the warlike steppe inhabitants in several battles. In 1623, a huge Yenisei district was formed, which included not only the lands around the great river, but the entire Angara region. Yeniseisk became its center. In 1629, the entire Yenisei region became part of the Tomsk region. Over the course of a century and a half, the administrative-territorial division has repeatedly changed.

Krasnoyarsk Territory in the XVII-XVIII centuries.

In the 17th century part of the modern territory of the region was part of the Tomsk district, part - in the Krasnoyarsk. The territory of the latter either increased or contracted. In 1724, the Yenisei province was singled out as part of the Siberian province. In 1782 the province was liquidated; its counties are included in the Tomsk region, and fourteen years later, with the abolition of the Tomsk region, the territory of the region is divided between the Tobolsk and Irkutsk provinces and the Kolyvan region. In 1797, the entire Yenisei basin became part of the Tobolsk province, and in 1804 it was transferred to the Irkutsk province.

The Yenisei lands were little developed economically. They were of interest to the government solely as a source of furs. Agriculture and animal husbandry were of a natural nature, crafts were in their infancy. Throughout the 17th century, the main actors in Siberian history were serving Cossacks, merchants, and hunters. A peasant farmer was not often met, since managing among non-peaceful tribes is not only difficult, but also mortally dangerous. With the defeat of the militant Yenisei Kirghiz, the agricultural development of the region accelerated significantly, but still, only insignificant territories of the central and southern parts of the Yenisei region were subject to development.

Krasnoyarsk Territory in the XIX century.

The next stage in the history of the Yenisei region is associated with the reforms of Mikhail Speransky. In 1819, this well-known Russian politician was sent with the broadest powers to conduct an audit of Siberia. The reason for the revision was the completely unsatisfactory state of affairs in the management and economic development of the region. The imperial office was inundated with piles of complaints about the excesses of local administrators. The economic return from the Trans-Urals was falling, Siberia was turning into a burden for the state. At court and in the periodical press, voices were even heard about the uselessness of the Siberian possessions for the country.

As a result of Speransky's reforms, all of Siberia was divided into two governor-generals - Irkutsk and Tomsk. Each of them included several provinces. In 1822, the Yenisei Governorate was formed as part of the Irkutsk General Government. The city of Krasnoyarsk was identified as its center. The Moscow highway passed through it, connecting the city with the center of the country; Yeniseisk, which turned out to be away from the tract, lost its former significance.

The administration of the province was determined by the laws of the Russian Empire. It was headed by a civil governor, who concentrated administrative, military, and judicial power in his hands. Under the governor, there was a council that was supposed to limit his power, but in reality the role of this council was small, since it included officials personally dependent on the governor.

The territory of the province basically coincided with the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory (with the exception of Khakassia). It was divided into five districts - Yenisei, Krasnoyarsk, Kansk, Minusinsk and Achinsk. The Turukhansk Territory was part of the Yenisei Okrug.

In the second half of the XIX century. The Usinsk border district became part of the province. In terms of territory, the Yenisei province surpassed any of the European states, but the population density was one of the lowest not only in Russia, but also in Siberia.

The influx of population was mainly due to immigrants from European Russia, as well as exiles and convicts. At will, only state peasants could move to Siberia; serfs fell only as exiles. In the Yenisei province, as well as in Siberia as a whole, there was no serfdom. A sharp increase in the number of immigrants occurred in the 30-40s of the XIX century. About 30 thousand peasants from the Vologda, Vyatka, Perm, Yaroslavl, Oryol, Penza provinces settled in the Yenisei lands. Most of the settlers settled in the southern regions of the Yenisei province, where there were better conditions for agriculture. Both in the 18th and in the 19th centuries, the main method of allocating land to the peasants was the right of seizure. The peasant took as much free land as he could cultivate; then the chosen plots were assigned to him legally in the form of allotments. State taxes were also collected from these allotments. This method was possible due to the low population density and the large amount of free fertile land. Virgin lands in the early years gave very decent harvests. Despite the harsh climatic conditions, the standard of living of Siberian peasants was generally higher than that of Europeans.

In the second third of the XIX century. the number of political exiles increased sharply. After the suppression of the Decembrist movement, participants in the uprising turned out to be in the province - a total of 31 people.

In the 30s of the XIX century. significant changes took place in the economy of the province. Gold mining began, which flourished in the 1940s and 1950s. By 1847, there were 119 mines in the Yenisei region, mostly nesting in the basins of the Kazyr, Kizir, Amyl, Sisim, Biryusa, Uderey, Pit, Podkamennaya Tunguska rivers. The province was engulfed in a gold rush. People of various classes and ranks rushed to mine gold. In terms of the value of the products produced, the gold industry has left behind all other industries combined. In different years, 20-30 thousand workers were employed at the gold mines. The cities of Yeniseisk and Krasnoyarsk experienced a period of rapid growth. Money poured in. The profit of gold miners was sometimes 800-850%. However, gold did not contribute to the radical restructuring of the economy of the province. It rather played the role of an economic drug. Large miners invested money not in the development of industry, but in luxury goods, led a cheerful and wild life. Only a few were able to preserve and increase their capital, but even they invested their funds for the most part in trade.

By the middle of the XIX century. The gold miners Vostrotin, Kuznetsovs, Danilovs, Cheremnykhs, Kytmanovs, Astashevs, Khilkovs and others were the ones who turned over the largest capitals. Small prospectors usually drank all the prey in the shortest possible time. Since the early 1960s, gold mining has been steadily declining.

The level of other branches of industry in the province was absolutely negligible. Products were produced almost entirely for the domestic market. Small handicraft enterprises with 5-7 workers prevailed in the province. By the end of the XIX century. in the province there was only one large enterprise - the Abakan ironworks, which employed 800 people. In 1833, the Znamensky glass factory was founded near Krasnoyarsk (now the village of Pamyati 13 Bortsov).

At the end of the XIX century. The Trans-Siberian Railway passed through the territory of the Yenisei province. The first test train arrived in Krasnoyarsk on December 6, 1895. This event led to significant changes in both the economic and social life of the region.

Krasnoyarsk Territory in the first half of the 20th century.

Already at the beginning of the twentieth century, a calm and serene life for the local authorities ended. Workers' strikes follow one after another. The railroad workers are at the forefront of the strike movement. Committees of revolutionary parties appear in the cities.

The Yenisei province took an active part in the First Russian Revolution. The most active revolutionary actions took place in Krasnoyarsk, Ilanskaya, and Bogotol. Throughout 1905, strikes at the enterprises of Krasnoyarsk almost did not subside, and in December an armed uprising took place in the provincial center, during which the United Council from soldiers and workers seized power in the city for a short time.

In 1906 - 1907. the strike movement is on the decline, the strikes are of an economic nature. But the peasant movement broke all records. It was especially powerful in the southern regions of the province. According to the Minusinsk police officer, 1906 was the year of "complete lack of authority" in the Minusinsk district.

By the end of the first decade of the twentieth century. somewhat revived local industry. The technical re-equipment of gold mining enterprises is underway. Foreign capital and large Russian banks begin to actively infiltrate the economy of the province. However, there were very few large industrial enterprises in the province - these are the Krasnoyarsk railway workshops (2000 workers), the Znamensky glass factory (900 workers), the Ilan railway depot (700 workers), the Abakan ironworks (500 workers), the Yulia copper mine (650 workers). ). The rest of the enterprises were very small both in terms of the number of employees and the volume of output.

The victory of the October Revolution in Krasnoyarsk became known on October 27. And on the night of October 29, a detachment of revolutionary soldiers under the command of Sergei Lazo captured the key points of the city - the bank, the treasury, the telegraph office, and the provincial printing house. The Krasnoyarsk Provincial Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies announced the transfer of full power to it and the dismissal of the provincial commissar Krutovsky. Not everyone liked the action of the Bolsheviks - the Krasnoyarsk Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks and Cadets opposed the arbitrariness of the Soviet and condemned the coup in Petrograd. The Achinsk City Duma announced the severance of all relations with the Bolshevik Soviet. Refused to recognize Soviet power and the Yenisei Cossacks.

However, the Bolsheviks did not pay much attention to the protests. They formed the Yenisei Provincial People's Commissariat to lead the province, nationalized the banks, introduced workers' management at private enterprises, and disbanded all the former governing bodies. In all cities of the province, power also passed into the hands of the Soviets. Revolutionary committees were set up in Kansk and Minusinsk to fight the counter-revolution. The Bolsheviks tried to improve the economy of the region. For this purpose, on January 10, 1918, they formed the provincial economic department, later renamed the Council of the National Economy. However, the new government did not achieve much success in the restoration and development of the national economy.

The Kolchak authorities returned the old order and tried to restore order in the province. However, they were not very successful in creation. Forced mobilization into the army, requisitions of food, cruel terror caused discontent among the population. The Czech "allies" of Kolchak behaved disgustingly, actively engaging in mass robberies, violence, and murders of innocent people. For many years, Siberians shudderedly recalled the "exploits" of the Czech marauders, and the song with the words "evil Czechs attacked us" became a folk song. As a result, resistance to the Kolchak regime is constantly growing. In Kansk, Ilansk, Krasnoyarsk, Yeniseisk, Minusinsk, uprisings broke out against the whites.

In the 1920s, the government of the USSR was actively involved in the reorganization of the administrative-territorial division of the country. In 1925, the Yenisei province was liquidated. Its territory was divided into five districts - Achinsk, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Minusinsk, Khakass. They became part of the Siberian Territory with the administrative center in Novosibirsk.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 7, 1934, Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed as a result of the disaggregation of the West Siberian and East Siberian Territories.

The Achinsk, Birilyussky, Bogotolsky, Karatuzsky, Kuraginsky, Minusinsky, Ermakovsky, Nazarovsky, Usinsky and Uzhursky regions, as well as the Khakass Autonomous Region, consisting of six regions, moved away from the West Siberian to the new region. From the East Siberian - the entire Yenisei and Kansk districts as part of 21 districts, as well as the Evenk and Taimyr national districts. In total, there were 52 districts in the region.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed almost within the former borders of the former Yenisei Governorate. The administrative-territorial division in 1935-1936 underwent significant changes. New districts were formed: Berezovsky, Daursky, Idrinsky, Ilansky, Igarsky, Kozulsky, Krasnoturansky and Tyukhtetsky, in 1936 - Yemelyanovsky district.

Krasnoyarsk Territory during the Great Patriotic War

The Great Patriotic War radically changed the way of life in the region. It was necessary to reorganize work on a war footing, master new production facilities, accept and accommodate evacuated enterprises. From the first days of the war, the mobilization of the population into the active army began. Many Krasnoyarsk citizens went to the front voluntarily. In the first ten months of the war alone, the Komsomol organizations of the region considered 30,000 applications for sending to the front.

The mass conscription sharply exacerbated the personnel problem. It was solved by attracting women and teenagers to the production. The enterprises operating in the region were transferred to the production of military products. Already in the first months of the war, factories and factories evacuated from the front line began to arrive on the territory of the region. In 1941 alone, 30 enterprises were imported. One of the first was the plant "Red Profintern" from the city of Bezhitsa, Bryansk region. The equipment of this enterprise is located in almost 6,000 wagons. In Krasnoyarsk, this plant produced mortars. In August 1941, the equipment of the Zaporizhia Kommunar plant arrived. During the war years, he made shells, and after the war, a combine plant was founded on the basis of the equipment of this enterprise. A photographic paper factory arrived from the city of Shostka, Sumy region. In total, only nine large industrial enterprises were evacuated to Krasnoyarsk. Also, three medical institutes and two dental institutes were relocated from Leningrad and Voronezh to the regional center. On their basis, the Krasnoyarsk Medical Institute was subsequently created, in which the outstanding surgeon V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky (Bishop Luke).

Krasnoyarsk residents actively participated in various forms of the patriotic movement. They donated money to the defense fund, collected things for the soldiers of the Red Army, sent gifts to the front, donated blood for hospitals. In 1941-45. the inhabitants of the region contributed about 260 million rubles to the defense fund and collected more than 150 million rubles for the purchase of military equipment. Tens of thousands of Krasnoyarsk citizens fought on the fronts. The 119th, 378th, 382nd, 374th rifle divisions, the 78th volunteer brigade, the 22nd bomber aviation regiment and other combat formations were formed on the territory of the region. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was given to 192 natives of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and the pilot Stepan Kretov was awarded this title twice.

Although the Krasnoyarsk Territory was located very far from the front, the fighting was also carried out on its territory. On August 27, 1942, the German heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer attacked the port of Dikson. However, in an unequal battle, Soviet sailors and coastal defense fighters managed to repulse the enemy ship. The operation of the German command "Wunderland" to block the Northern Sea Route was thwarted at the cost of the lives of seven defenders of Dixon.

Through the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory during the war years, American combat aircraft from Alaska, received under Lend-Lease, were distilled. Krasnoyarsk was one of the key points of the AlSib air route (Alaska-Siberia).

Krasnoyarsk Territory in the post-war years

In the first post-war years, the main task of the regional authorities was to transfer the economy to a peaceful track. This process turned out to be very difficult and painful - there were not enough personnel, financial and material and technical means. Not surprisingly, in the first post-war year, industrial output fell by 20%. But then production volumes begin to grow steadily. This was facilitated by a powerful industrial base, laid down in the region during the war.

In the postwar years, the government's views on the role of Siberia in the Soviet economy changed. If earlier it was assigned the role of a raw materials appendage of the European territory of the country, now the task has arisen of creating a powerful industrial complex in the east. In 1941-42, the Nazi occupation of the western regions, where the main industrial potential was concentrated, put the country in an extremely difficult situation. Siberia was supposed to become an industrial backup for Central Russia and Ukraine. The Krasnoyarsk Territory, due to its geographical location, is the least exposed to the danger of occupation by a probable aggressor, and therefore is especially attractive as a manufacturer of defense products.

In the years of the fourth five-year plan, industrial construction began in the region. Work began on the construction of a mining and chemical plant near Krasnoyarsk (Krasnoyarsk-26, now Zheleznogorsk), the Krasnoyarsk television plant, the Sorsk molybdenum plant, the Irsha-Borodino coal mine, the Krasnoyarsk synthetic rubber plant, and the Sibelektrostal plant were put into operation. Krasnoyarsk self-propelled harvesters had a high reputation among consumers. By the end of the fourth five-year plan, industrial production in the region had surpassed the pre-war level.

Territorial reforms went on almost constantly: some districts were abolished, others were created, but in general, the general territory of the region remained unchanged within its borders. Only in 1991, the Khakass Autonomous Region withdrew from the territory and was transformed into the Republic of Khakassia.

On January 1, 2007, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenetsky) Autonomous Okrug and the Evenk Autonomous Okrug merged into a new subject of the Russian Federation - the Krasnoyarsk Territory within the borders of three previously existing subjects, the Autonomous Okrugs became part of the Territory as Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky and Evenk areas.

The article used materials from the site protown.ru

History of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The settlement of the territory of the Yenisei Territory took place along the Yenisei valley from south to north. The first inhabitants were representatives of the Mongoloid race, which is confirmed by the study of the remains of the Mongoloid skull found at the paleontological site of Afontova Gora (the territory of the city of Krasnoyarsk).

The first information about the appearance of Russians on the Yenisei refers to the period of travel of the Pomors along the shores of the “icy sea”. However, the narrow settlement of the Yenisei region took place against the general background of the annexation of Eastern Siberia to the Russian state at the end of the 16th - first third of the 17th century.

The main purpose of the exploration movement in Siberia was furs - the most important currency item of income. Many Yenisei settlements were founded by Cossacks and monks who came to this wild land. In 1619 The Yenisei prison (now the city of Yeniseisk) was built, which for more than 150 years was the distribution and craft center of Eastern Siberia. To protect the approaches to the Yeniseisk and the waterway from the south, other prisons were founded, which received the name of the Krasnoyarsk notch line.

Cossack Andrei Dubensky with his detachment in 1628 founded the fortress Krasny Yar as a stronghold for securing the Russians on the Middle Yenisei. The word "Krasnoyarsk" arose by word-for-word translation of the name of the place on the banks of the Yenisei - Kyzyl-Dzhar, belonging to the Turkic tribe of the Kachins, who lived here before the arrival of the Russians. Kyzyl means “red”, and Jar means “yar”.

From the first days, Krasnoyarsk had to assert its existence with weapons and diplomacy in the armed struggle against the Kyrgyz princes, which ended only at the beginning of the 17th century. Krasnoyarsk received city status in 1690, when Siberia was finally annexed to Russia.

With the construction of the Moscow (Siberian) tract in the middle of the XVIII century. a new stage of settlement and development of the Yenisei region opens. The delivery of goods has accelerated many times over, and trade has intensified. The maintenance of the tract (carriage trade, yamshchina) contributed to the formation of handicraft and trade and transport functions of cities that replaced their military-defensive ones.

The flow of free migrants to the Minusinsk, Achinsk and Krasnoyarsk districts, as the most favorable for agriculture, increased. The growth of the Russian population in the south of the province was accelerated by the creation of a copper mining industry.

At the beginning of the 18th century, the cities of Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk, Kansk, Minusinsk developed. However, population growth was not only due to natural increase. The infamous great Siberian hard labor road - the Moscow tract, stretching for many thousands of kilometers from the capital of Russia to the Far East, passed through Krasnoyarsk in the 18th century. But long before that time, the city on the Yenisei had become a place of Russian exile. Since the 17th century, the military garrison of the Krasnoyarsk prison was actively replenished due to the “service people” who were at fault from Asian Russia, for whom hard labor, or even the death penalty, was replaced by exile in remote prisons-fortresses.

By the end of the 19th century, exiles in Krasnoyarsk made up 23% of the population. In addition to criminals, there were also “prisoners of conscience” and political prisoners in Krasnoyarsk exile. At first they were Old Believers, then Decembrists, then activists of the first socialist circles, as well as participants in the Polish uprisings of 1830-1831, later Marxists among whom were V. Ulyanov-Lenin, F. Dzerzhinsky, I. Dzhugashvili-Stalin. In the 20th century, the “hard labor history” of the region continued with the creation of one of the GULAG centers on its territory.

In 1822, the Yenisei province was established, the administrative center of which was the city of Krasnoyarsk, which has a convenient transport and geographical position. By the middle of the XIX century. The Yenisei province became the largest gold-mining region in Russia. During the apogee of the "gold rush", which falls on 1847, 1212 out of 1270 poods of all gold mined in Russia were washed in the trans-Angara taiga. Gold mining accelerated the development of shipping on the Yenisei and stimulated the development of agriculture.

With the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway in the province in 1895-1897 and the introduction of capitalist relations, a factory industry was developing, the main share of which was accounted for by railway enterprises, gold mining, distillation, timber and iron industries.

A migrant flow from Central Russia rushed to the territory of the province, especially with the implementation of the new agrarian policy of P.A. Stolypin. The population of the province, in 1897. reached 570.2 thousand people, by 1914 increased to 1119.2 thousand people.

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov, who was born here in 1848 in an old Cossack family, brought world fame to Krasnoyarsk at the end of the 19th century. The great Russian painter became a classic during his lifetime. His paintings "Morning of the Streltsy Execution", "Menshikov in Berezov", "Boyar Morozova", "The Conquest of Siberia by Ermak" and others have become the decoration and pride of the best museums in the world.

On February 28, 1917, it became known in Krasnoyarsk that the tsarist autocracy had been overthrown. After the well-known August events, Soviet power was established, but already in June 1918. it fell due to the uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps and the military operations of the White Army. At the beginning of 1920, Soviet power was restored, with the direct participation of the Siberian partisans. Then, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, like the whole of Russia, experienced hunger and devastation, the period of NEP, mass collectivization. In the 1930s, active development of the Yenisei North began.

In 1934, the Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed, which included the Evenk Autonomous Okrug and the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenetsky) Autonomous Okrug formed in 1930, as well as the Khakass Autonomous Region, which was part of the Territory until 1992.

The Great Patriotic War gave a small impetus to the industrial development of the region. More than 40 evacuated industrial enterprises were deployed in the region.

The post-war history of the region is marked by an intensive growth of industrial production and the discovery and development of the richest mineral deposits. Powerful hydro and power plants have been built, including one of the world's largest Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya HPPs, timber processing complexes, major industrial enterprises such as the Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant, the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, the Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant, the Norilsk Mining and Chemical Combine, etc. .

In the late 40s, during the beginning of the Cold War, the leadership of the USSR decided to create a system of "closed" cities, where secret defense enterprises were built in the shortest possible time. One of these cities was Krasnoyarsk-26, founded on the banks of the Yenisei, in the wooded spurs of the Sayan Mountains. Here is the leading enterprise in Russia - the developer and manufacturer of space communication systems, television, navigation and geodesy.

By the end of the 80s, the Krasnoyarsk Territory became a major scientific, educational, cultural, and industrial region of the country.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory at the beginning of the 21st century is a land of cultural and sports traditions, unique natural monuments, and an intensively developing economy.

I.

II. Exploration of Siberia.

Formation of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Before the arrival of Russians in Siberia, tribes of the Turkic, Ket, Samoyed and Tungus language groups lived on the territory of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory. The vast expanses of Siberia, its unexplored riches have long attracted the attention of government circles, commercial and industrial people of Russia. At the end of the 16th century, the Russian people, according to A.M. Gorky, "without the help of the state ... annexed huge Siberia to Moscow through the hands of Yermak and the low-ranking freemen, who had fled from the boyars."

After the death of Yermak, further advancement into the depths of Siberia was continued by the tsarist governors, and, despite the national and class oppression that tsarism carried, the annexation of small peoples to Russia. Inhabiting Siberia, played a huge progressive role in the development of this region. It broke up the patriarchal-tribal relations that had previously dominated here, and brought with it a higher culture. The government of tsarist Russia was very interested in obtaining valuable furs from Siberia, which occupied a prominent place in foreign trade. Moscow also sought to find ore and other minerals here, as well as to populate a vast region by forcibly sending peasants to Siberia to provide servicemen, merchants and industrialists with bread.

Along with the peasant settlers, the most energetic and freedom-loving Russian people fled to the Siberian forests and steppes from serf, barracks and monastic captivity. Relying on the created fortifications (military fortresses) they made geographical and geological discoveries, promoted the spread of crafts, and traded with local native tribes. For three centuries

the only transport artery in trade and communication of the northern and southern regions of the Yenisei region was the Yenisei River. Until the middle of the 19th century, timber, cattle, bread, vegetables, fish, furs, and graphite were rafted by rafts and barges. Delivery of goods to the northern regions was relatively easy.

It was much more difficult to transport goods from the lower reaches, since ships had to be driven against the current by horse-drawn traction, and often with the help of barge haulers.

Yenisei (in Evenk Ionessi, literally - big water, and in Nenets - Yenase, which means "wide river"). In the granite rapids of the path punching, From the free Tuvan steppes

The stormy river hurries to the ocean, The beauty of the taiga is the Yenisei.

(I. Rozhdestvensky).

Its sources are the Big Yenisei (Biy-Khem) and the Small Yenisei (Ka-Khem). The river flows almost along the meridian to the north within the Krasnoyarsk Territory and flows into the Kara Sea. The length of the Yenisei is 3,478 km, and in terms of the area of ​​​​the water basin - 2,640 thousand kilometers, it ranks second among the rivers of Russia (after the Ob) and seventh among the rivers of the world. The Yenisei basin is characterized by a sharp asymmetry: its right-bank part is 5.6 times larger than the left-bank part. The Yenisei basin is an upland - the mountains of southern Siberia and most of the Central Siberian plateau.

The main part of the basin is covered with taiga. The hydrographic network of the Yenisei includes 198,620 rivers and 126,364 lakes. In terms of runoff, the Yenisei occupies

first place among the rivers of Russia. The maximum flow rate at Igarka reaches 154,000 cubic meters per second. The Yenisei is the most important waterway of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The region includes vast expanses of the Yenisei North with numerous islands of the Arctic Ocean, sultry steppes of the south, taiga expanses, mountain peaks of the Sayans and boundless grain fields of the central regions of Krasnoyarsk. All these natural and economically diverse territories are held together by the blue ribbon of the mighty Yenisei and the system of its tributaries - the Lower and Podkamennaya Tunguska, Angara, Abakan, Kan, Tuba and others. The system of rivers of the Yenisei basin gives the territory of the region a certain compactness and acts as its original natural economic "framework".

This is one of the largest industrial and resource regions of the country with huge reserves of natural resources. Russian colonization reached the Yenisei at the beginning of the 17th century, at the same time in 1628 the administrative center of the region, the city of Krasnoyarsk, was founded, but in fact the development of the region began only at the very end of the 19th century, when the Trans-Siberian Railway passed through its territory. The modern Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed in 1934; before the revolution, the Yenisei Governorate existed on its territory, the territory of which throughout the 19th century. served as a place of reference. It was here that the exile of the future leaders of the Soviet state - Lenin and Stalin - took place.

III. Education of the city of Krasnoyarsk .

In August 1628, a prison was built near Krasny Yar. On the top of the Kum-Tigei hill, the founders of the city kept guard. There was also a watchtower from which one could see the enemy from afar. When this happened, the guards lit a fire, giving a sign that the prison was preparing for a siege. In memory of this, Krasnoyarsk residents erected a wooden chapel in 1805 on the site of the watchtower, replacing it with a stone one in 1855. And this place began to be called the Guard Mountain.

Krasnoyarsk prison - was a wooden fortress, surrounded by a moat, a rampart and walls with five towers. First of all, his task was to defend against the Mongol and Turkic tribes. Ostrog defended Yeniseisk, partly Tomsk, later - the villages of Russian settlers. The first governor of the prison was Andrei Dubensky - a skilled, far-sighted, talented ruler. The Krasnoyarsk prison was also the place of diplomatic meetings between the Krasnoyarsk governors and the ambassadors of Altyn Khan. The ambassadors of the Kyrgyz princelings also came here for negotiations. After the annexation of Siberia to Russia, Krasnoyarsk, as a military settlement, lost its significance and in the 1690s received the status of a city.

IV. Development of shipping on the Yenisei.

On May 31 (June 12), 1863, the whistle of the first steamship sounded over the river, which received the name "Yenisei" (length 25 fathoms, width 3 fathoms, power 60 hp). The ship was built in 1862 in Yeniseisk. The construction of the ship was carried out by a company of Yenisei merchants. Among them - Balandin, Gryaznov, Kalashnikov, Kytmanov, directly the builder was a self-taught mechanic - Khudyakov.

The newspaper "Yenisei Gubernskiye Vedomosti" reported this event, which became a reference in the activities of the Yenisei rivermen:

“The townspeople excitedly hurried to the embankment - to see how the miracle of technology departs on its first voyage ... The steamer sailed majestically along the smooth surface of the Yenisei, which, with its silence, seemed to welcome a new guest who violated its age-old peace ... "

During the navigation of 1863, the ship made several voyages to the lower reaches of the Yenisei, in particular, the first of them was made from Yeniseisk to Ust-Kem and back.

Andrey Pavlovich Popov was the first captain of the ship. The steamer worked on the Yenisei until 1907. By 1875, there were already 4 steamships and 7 barges on the Yenisei. They carried up to 130 thousand pounds of cargo for navigation. In 1881 and 1883, the Krasnoyarsk merchant N.G. Gadalov bought steamboats from the German company Knop in turn: the 80-horsepower Moskva and the 100-horsepower Dalman. Having quickly built a pier and a subsidiary farm, N.G. Gadalov opens his own shipping company.

His steamships run along the Krasnoyarsk-Minusinsk line. Soon the shipping company was replenished with the steamships Rossiya, Graf Ignatiev and Zealous. Having strengthened the shipping business, N.G. Gadalov lets ships through the Kazachinsky rapids to Yeniseisk.

The Gadalovsky fairway turned out to be successful, and the Yenisei artery became

fully serve Krasnoyarsk.

In 1888, a small steamer "Sibiryachka" climbed Podkamennaya Tunguska, visited Velmo and Teya. The following year, the same ship sailed along the Nizhnyaya Tunguska and Bolshoy Kas. The main type of non-self-propelled vessel on the Yenisei was a barge. The dimensions of the barges were: 14-30 sazhens in length, 1.4-6.7 sazhens in width, and draft with cargo - no more than 10 quarters. The carrying capacity of barges did not exceed 40,000 pounds.

Steamboats on the Yenisei usually made voyages with carts, towing up two barges, and down - no more than three. The speed of movement with barges upstream above Krasnoyarsk was seven, and downstream - 19 miles per hour. The largest number of vessels worked on the section from Minusinsk to Krasnoyarsk. Others were engaged in the transportation of goods mainly in the lower section from Yeniseisk to the mouth, as well as from Krasnoyarsk to Yeniseisk. With the advent of steam ships, an increase in their number, an increase in carrying capacity, the range of goods transported is significantly expanding: bread, firewood, salt, timber, coal, etc. The number of cargo transportation along the river routes of Siberia in 1913 amounted to 6.2% of the total volume of cargo transported along the rivers of Siberia. In the Yenisei basin in the mentioned year, 145 thousand tons of various cargoes were transported. Trade developed rapidly in the province, and this required the transportation of a large number of goods and passengers along the Yenisei.

Despite the busy schedule of work, in their free time, steamers often performed an unusual, charitable mission. On July 3, 1882, the Yenisei Provincial Gazette reported that N.G. Gadalov arranged festivities on his steamboat Moskva, and transferred the proceeds - 256 rubles - to the benefit of the orphanage for children under arrest. The Gadalovs treated this tradition with care.

The same newspaper reported on June 7, 1902. That N.N. Gadalov allocated the steamship "Sibiryak" for free for walking along the Yenisei, and transferred the collected money to the needs of the Krasnoyarsk women's gymnasium.

In 1893, the Lieutenant Malygin steamer arrived on the Yenisei.

The ship is famous for the fact that Vice Admiral Makarov followed from Yeniseisk to Krasnoyarsk on board in 1897. Subsequently, the ship was transferred to Lake Baikal, where he remained for a permanent job.

In 1887, steamboats “St. Nikolai" with a capacity of 560 hp, "St. Inokentii (240 hp) and Ilim (120 hp), as well as several barges. The steamships were purchased by a large gold miner Sibiryakov A.M. Since the ship "St. Inokentii" was equipped with a winch, in 1903 it was delivered to the Kazachinsky rapids, where it worked until 1968.

In 1890, the Gadalovs, having teamed up with the merchant E. Zhernakov, established the Siberian Joint Stock Company of an urgent towing and passenger shipping company along the Yenisei, Ob and Irtysh rivers with a fixed capital of 1 million 250 thousand rubles.

By this time, the Gadalovs had 8 steamships and several barges. The shipping company gave a tangible increase to the Siberian economy. Especially popular was the Gadal Shipping Company after the summer of 1891

heir to the throne, future tsar of Russia visited Krasnoyarsk

Nicholas II. The heir to Krasnoyarsk drove up on the steamer "St. Nikolai", escorted by the Gadalovsky steamer "Count Ignatiev" ...

After the October Socialist Revolution, the role of river transport also changed significantly. It is becoming an important component of the unified transport system of the country. River transport is entrusted with the solution of the most important state tasks. So it was on

the construction of numerous power plants in the basins of Siberia, when the river fleet provided construction sites with the necessary materials, as it was when in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory they began to develop the richest deposits of non-ferrous metals, they built the Norilsk mining and smelting plant.

In 1918, a decree of the Council of People's Commissars was issued on the creation of the first Soviet central body for managing the nationalized fleet and shipping, which three months later was renamed the Main Directorate of Water Resources (Glavvod).

Revolutionary events and the civil war had an impact on Siberian shipping. The fleet of the Yenisei basin actively participated in military operations with intervention and the White Guard. After the restoration of Soviet power on the territory of Siberia (1920), Glavvod was transferred to the People's Commissariat of Railways (NKPS) and departments of inland water and river state shipping companies were created. In 1923, the West Siberian and Amur Administrations were organized. In the early 1930s, the Department of River Transport was formed.

In 1931, the Yenisei and Irtysh shipping companies were separated from the West Siberian Shipping Company. From 1947 to 1954, the Main Directorate of the River Fleet of the Eastern Basins (Glavvostok), created in the city of Novosibirsk, became the central body of river transport in Siberia.

During the war years, part of the steamers of the Yenisei Shipping Company was converted for combat operations. They were equipped with cannons and machine guns.

Basically, these vessels worked at the mouth of the Yenisei and the Kara Sea. In the spring of 1942, the Nazi naval command in Norway developed a plan for Operation Wunderland (Wonderland), the main goal

which consisted in disrupting our navigation along the Northern Sea Route, striking at Soviet Arctic convoys.

Surface and submarine ships of the German fleet were supposed to penetrate unnoticed into the Kara Sea to act on communications passing along the northern coast.

08/16/42 the raider "Admiral Scheer" left Narvik, accompanied by 4 destroyers and a squadron of aircraft. From Bear Island, he walked independently around Cape Zhelaniya, bypassing Novaya Zemlya. After unsuccessful attempts to detect Soviet caravans, the Admiral Scheer attacked an icebreaker near Belukha Island.

"A.Sibiryakov" (named after the famous Irkutsk merchant Anatoly Sibiryakov) with 104 passengers on board. The captain of the "A. Sibiryakov" Anatoly Alekseevich Kacharava tried to take the ship away for about. Belukha, where there were many shoals, but because of the low speed, he could not do this and was forced to accept an unequal battle. "A. Sibiryakov" was armed with only 2 cannons and one coaxial machine gun. During the fight, after the next volley of "Admiral Scheer" (which was armed with 28 large-caliber guns), a fire started on "A. Sibiryakov". The motor ship died, having managed to notify ships in the Arctic and Dikson, where the headquarters of naval operations was located, of the appearance of a fascist ship in our waters.

Since then, "A. Sibiryakov" went down in history under the name

"Northern Varyag".

“Admiral Scheer”, having sunk “A. Sibiryakov”, went to Dikson, but in bad weather, having fired several volleys at the radio station, he was forced to leave under fire from the guns of the patrol boat SKR-19 (converted from the icebreaking steamer “Dezhnev”). Subsequently, the Admiral Scheer was sunk by the British off the coast of Norway.

According to the headquarters of naval operations on the western coast of Novaya Zemlya, there was a temporary base for German submarines near Beluga Guba.

At present, the main role in the material and technical base of the river transport of the Krasnoyarsk Territory belongs to the transport fleet. All types of transport vessels operate here: passenger and cargo-passenger, cargo self-propelled dry-cargo (cargo ships) and tankers (tankers), cargo non-self-propelled dry-cargo and tankers, as well as towing.

The fleet of the Yenisei Basin carries out the transportation of a large number of cargoes of various nomenclature, operates in different shipping conditions: from extreme shallow water to areas with lacustrine and sea navigation conditions. In this regard, the shipping company has a variety of types of transport vessels designed for operation in various areas. In connection with the country's transition to a market economy and the decline in passenger and cargo traffic along the Yenisei, the leadership of the Yenisei River Shipping Company in 1994 decided to use the fleet for overseas transportation. In the period from 1994 to 1999, 19 fleet units were re-equipped and ferried to work in the basins of the Black, Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. Vessels carry out cargo transportation under the charter of foreign firms and companies.

v. The passenger fleet of the Yenisei.

The passenger fleet of the Yenisei until 2000 was one of the best in the basins of Siberia and the Far East.

The pride of the passenger fleet was the ship "Anton Chekhov", which made trips, mainly with foreign tourists, along the route "Krasnoyarsk-Dikson". It was built in Austria in 1978 and has a high level of comfort.

In 1953-54 at the shipyard. Mathias Tezen in Wismar built passenger motor ships "Alexander Matrosov", "Valery Chkalov" with a passenger capacity of 343 people, which were used on the tourist route "Krasnoyarsk-Dudinka".

A prominent place was occupied by the diesel-electric ships "Anton Rubinshtein", "Baikal"(renamed in 1993 "Captain Rodin"), "Borodin"(renamed in 1997 "Godenko"), "Prokofiev", "Composer Kalinnikov",

“M.Yu. Lermontov, Lithuania , "Latvia"(renamed in 1991 "Godenko" after decommissioning, it costs like a float. hotel "Lighthouse"), "Ippolitov Ivanov". The ships were built in 1955-1956. at the Komarno CSR plant, have a passenger capacity of 247 people and a speed of up to 20 km / h.

Transportation of passengers and tourists was carried out from the upper reaches of the Yenisei in the southern regions of the region to Dikson - in the North.

Since 2005 on the Krasnoyarsk-Dudinka line, passengers are transported by passenger motor ships Alexander Matrosov, Valery Chkalov with a passenger capacity of 343 people, diesel electric ship M.Yu. Lermontov" passenger capacity is 247 people, motor ship "Bliznyak" passenger capacity is 200 people.

In areas with limited navigation conditions, hovercraft of the Zarya type with a passenger capacity of 66 people and

speed of 43 km/h. Also, high-speed hydrofoils of the Meteor type with a passenger capacity of 150 people and a speed of up to 70 km / h, the Voskhod type based on the Raketa motor ship with a passenger capacity of 71 people and a speed of up to 60 km / h.

All vessels associated with passenger transportation are on the balance (since 2006)

"Passenger Rechtrans".

VI. Conclusion.

In conclusion, I would like to give an approximate chronology of historical dates associated with the development of the shipping company:

1862- the first steamship "Yenisei" appeared on the Yenisei,

1882-1891- the Ob-Yenisei Canal was built,

1909– the beginning of the construction of the Krasnoyarsk repair and maintenance base of the fleet,

1918- a decision was made at the general meeting of the rivermen to nationalize the joint-stock company of the shipping company on the Yenisei River,

1922. – The Council of Labor and Defense approved the regulation “On the rules of river transport”,

1923– Krasnoyarsk shipyard produced the first products – pontoons and motor boats,

1929- The Soviet government decided to build the city of Igarka and the Igarsk river port,

1931- By a joint resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, 15 river shipping companies were created. including the Yenisei

1931– the first marine expedition was carried out to ferry river vessels along the Northern Sea Route,

1934– the Krasnoyarsk river port was formed; the Minusinsk and Pavlovsk repair and maintenance bases of the fleet were organized,

1935- the Kononovskaya EW of the fleet was founded,

1936- Podtesovskaya EW of the fleet was founded,

1946- the Achinsk river port was founded on the Chulym River,

1950– the Verkhneeniseysky district administration was formed (Abakan) 1952- the Ermolaevskaya EW of the fleet was founded,

1971- The Yenisei River Shipping Company was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Maklakovskiy river port was established,

1973– Taimyr (Dudinka) and Angarsk (Strelka village) district administrations were formed,

1974- the Kyzyl regional administration was formed (Kyzyl),

1976- The Krasnoyarsk ship lift was put into operation.

VI . Bibliography:

1. P. N. Pavlov, V. A. Stepynin, and V. K. Logvinov, Russ. "History of the Krasnoyarsk Territory"

Textbook on local history. Krasnoyarsk book publishing house

2. Kozachenko V.A. "Chronicle of the Yenisei". Krasnoyarsk book publishing house

3. E. Nifantiev "City on the Yenisei". Krasnoyarsk book publishing house

4. V.I. Chumachenko "Watch on the Yenisei". Krasnoyarsk book publishing house

5. G.Yu. Simkin "Yenisei acceleration". Krasnoyarsk bookstore

publishing house 1978.

6. L. Kiselev "Siberiad of the Gadalovs". "History without torn pages".

7. L. Kiselev "Spirit interrupted flight." "Pages of History".

8. History of Siberia "From ancient times to the present day" in five volumes.

History of Siberia "Siberia as a part of feudal Russia", V.2, Leningrad:

Publishing house "Science", 2002.

9. Zuev A. S., Siberia - milestones of history (XVI - XIX centuries), Novosibirsk: Izd-vo

"INFOLIO-press", 1999.

11. Krasnoyarsk Territory - O.A. Khonina, R.L. Ivanova. 1984.

12. Encyclopedia "Cities of Russia" Scientific publishing house; 2002

I. Exploration of Siberia.………………………………………………….………………..1

II. Formation of the city of Krasnoyarsk ………………………………………4

III. Development of shipping on the Yenisei…………………………………………..5

IV. Passenger fleet of the Yenisei . ………………………………………………..11

V. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….13

VI. References…………………………………………………………………15

Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation

Federal Agency of Sea and River Transport

Yenisei branch

State educational institution of higher professional education

"Novosibirsk State Academy of Water Transport"

(Krasnoyarsk)

Test

HISTORY

Topic: Development of shipping on the Yenisei.

Completed: Art. 21gr. OP

Goncharov A.I.

Checked by: teacher

Plotnikov V.P.