City schools

in Russia exist on the basis of the Regulation, the highest approved on May 31, 1872. According to the legislator, these institutions - general education, appointed "for the urban population, and mainly for the poor part of it." Their goal is to deliver a complete general elementary education and give the information that can be most useful in practical life. They arose at the thought of Mr. D. A. Tolstoy when he was the Minister of Public Education. According to N. Kh. Wessel, the minister was struck by the small number of students who completed their courses in the gymnasiums and the large number of students leaving the middle classes without completing the course. Wessel drew the Minister's attention to the fact that the urban population cannot be limited to the education provided by elementary schools (parochial and district), which are too small in number and too theoretical in nature. In order to divert boys from the lower classes of gymnasiums, who often go there without hope of completing their course, special educational institutions are needed with a course shorter and easier than the course of gymnasiums and real schools. The need for such educational institutions in Russia has long been felt; on the part of the authorities of the educational districts, petitions were constantly renewed about this, based on the statements of the G. societies and zemstvo assemblies. The draft regulation on the state schools was drawn up by N. Kh. Wessel; the Prussian system was taken as a model. Simultaneously with the statute on state schools, the statute on teacher's institutes was approved, and it was decided to gradually transform district schools into city schools "as teachers are being prepared at teacher's institutes." The transformation began in the second half of 1874, but progress is slow. According to the report of the Minister of Public Education for 1884, within 10 years, out of 402 district schools that were to be transformed into city schools, only 184 were transformed.

City schools are divided into one-, two-, three-, and four-class schools, but in special cases and upon special petitions, five- and six-class city schools may be established. In all these schools, despite the different number of classes, the course of study lasts six years; the division is based not so much on the volume of the course, but on the number of teachers and the amount of money allocated for the maintenance of schools. In one-class urban schools, students are divided into three departments and usually stay in each department for 2 years. In two-year grammar schools, the course of the first class lasts 4 years, and the students are divided into two consecutive departments; the course of the II class lasts 2 years. In schools with three classes, the course of each class is two years. In 4-grade schools, the course of the first two classes lasts for 2 years, and III and IV classes - one year each. The regulation of May 31, 1872 establishes excellent teaching system, i.e. each full-time teacher is assigned to teach in the class entrusted to him all subjects (except the law of God, singing and gymnastics). Such a system, which is a peculiarity of the G. schools, was established, according to the explanation of the ministry, not only "due to the lack of teachers and financial resources," but also because "this measure achieves greater concentration in teaching and moral influence on children." The inconveniences of this system were foreseen, however, already in 1872, when, during the publication of the Regulations, by the opinion of the State Council, it was granted to the Ministry of Public Education "in cases where it would be useful to them, to appoint schools in G. instead of class - subject teachers." A ministerial report for 1884 shows that the replacement of the class system by a subject system and the increase in the staff of teachers at the expense of local funds was allowed in many places.

The curriculum of city schools embraces the following subjects: 1) the law of God; 2) reading and writing; 3) Russian language and Church Slavonic reading with translation into Russian; 4) arithmetic, 5) practical geometry; 6) geography and history of the fatherland with the necessary information from general history and geography; 7) information from natural history and physics; 8) drawing and drawing; 9) singing; 10) gymnastics. In addition to these subjects, students in G. schools, at the request of local societies and in the event that they allocate at least half of the funds necessary for this, can be taught crafts outside of school hours; other subjects (additional) may also be taught, but with the permission of the Ministry of Public Education. In 1880, the Minister of Public Education recognized the introduction of a short course in popular medicine into the teaching of G. in schools. Sunday readings with vague pictures for students may be arranged in G. schools with the permission of the pedagogical council of the school; the same readings for adults - only with the permission of the trustee of the educational district. In one-class schools the same subjects are taught as in two-, three-, and four-form schools, only in a slightly smaller volume. The educational material in different departments and classes is located concentrically: in each department a more or less complete circle of information is given, which is gradually expanded and replenished in subsequent departments. With such a formulation of teaching, a person who leaves the school before the end of the course brings out of it a more or less complete and systematized circle of knowledge. As a feature of teaching in urban schools, we should also mention its visibility. In the course of county schools (according to the charter of December 8, 1828), natural science is absent, in urban, on the contrary, a well-known place is assigned to it (3 lessons a week for 3 years).

Education in city schools is paid. The amount of the fee is determined by the pedagogical council of the given school and varies, depending on local conditions, from 8 to 18 rubles a year. Children of all ranks and religions (not younger than 7 years old) are admitted to city schools. Admission to one or another Class not subject to any age limit. Those who have successfully completed the course of the first four years of the G. school (10-13 years of age) can enter the first class of gymnasiums and real schools without an exam. Those who have completed the full course of G. of schools during production in the first class rank are exempted from the test established for this. Those who have expressed a desire to be teachers at the school at the end of the course at the sixth grade school can be left for appropriate training at the school until the age of 16 (at least for 1 year), and then enter the first class of the teacher's institute. Those who have completed a course in G. schools and are seeking the title of teacher of a parish or elementary public school are subjected to only an abbreviated test. Those who have passed the course of G. of schools are granted a privilege of the second category for military service (3 years in active service); those who left the III department of the school are ranked as the IV category. Each school has as many full-time teachers as there are classes; one of the teachers (with the approval of the trustee of the educational district) is appointed "head of the school"; teachers in charge of 3rd and 4th grade schools are called inspectors. There is also the title of "teacher's assistant". Teachers in a G. school may be persons who have completed a course at teacher's institutes or who have passed an appropriate examination. Law teachers, teachers and their assistants are in the public service. Each school is assigned an honorary superintendent, who is elected for 3 years either as an inspector of the G. of schools (if the G. of the school is maintained at the expense of the treasury), or by the Zemstvo and societies (in G. of schools maintained at their expense). In both cases, the caretaker is approved by the school district trustee. In the list of educational institutions of the department of the Ministry of Public Education for 1890-91, there are 400 schools (by January 1, 1885, there were 321 of them throughout the empire). Among the 400 currently existing schools there are 6 one-class, 124 two-class, 210 three-class, 65 four-class, 3 five-class, and 2 six-class. They are distributed throughout the empire as follows: 330 in European Russia, including St. Petersburg. educational district, 44, Moscow 86, Kazan 43, Orenburg 20, Kharkov 30, Odessa 31, Kiev 27, Vilensky 16, Warsaw 6, Derpt 27. West Siberian educational district, 6 in Vost. Siberia, 7 in the Amur region. Of the 400 schools, 177 are funded by the treasury, 166 are funded by the treasury and local funds, and 57 are funded exclusively by local funds. Additional and trade classes exist at very few schools. For example, in 1884 there were only 22 additional and 37 craft classes. The latest official statistics on the number of pupils and students in G. schools and the costs of maintaining these schools date back to 1884. By January 1, 1885, there were 1,695 students in G. schools, including teachers-inspectors and teachers-heads of schools 318 , teachers of the law 374, teachers and their assistants 983; 15 positions (3 clergy and 12 teachers) were not filled. The number of students extended in 1884 to 38,919 (121 on average for each school). 2234 graduated from the course, and almost 4 times more dropped out before the end of the course (8097). The maintenance of all G. schools cost 1,414,453 rubles. 57 kopecks, including from the state treasury 781492 rubles. 80 kopecks (55.25%), from urban societies - 225922 rubles. 26 k. (16.65%), tuition fees - 196443 rubles. 23 kopecks (13.2%) and from other sources (zemstvo sums, donations, etc.) - 210,595 rubles. 28 kop. (14.9%). Each school cost 4406 rubles, each student - 36 rubles. 34 kop. Wed Gorbunov, "Programs and charter of the state schools of the Ministry of Public Education according to the Regulations of May 31, 1872." (M., 1891); A. Balzaminov, "A reference book for inspectors and teachers, heads of city schools, according to the Regulations of May 31, 1872, and for full-time caretakers of county schools" (St. Petersburg, 1886); K. K. St. Hilaire, "City Schools" (in the "Russian School", 1892, Nos. 10 and 12); H. H. Wessel, "City Schools" (ibid., 1891, No. 10).

City schools according to the Regulations of May 26, 1869 in the lips. In Kyiv, Podolsk, and Volyn, there are "two-class G. men's (on the rights of county) and women's schools, with preparatory classes and with shifts at the latter for girls" on the basis of a special provision for these only provinces (with the exception of the cities of Kyiv, Rovno, Ostrog and Chigirin). The course of study lasts only two years; are accepted, only children who can read, write and count (4 actions) are accepted into these schools. At each men's school - a preparatory class with a course equal to the course of one-class public schools; in the preparatory class, children of both sexes study together or (where the need arises) shifts are opened for the separate education of girls. Education is free; but it is left to the trustee of the school district to administer fees if necessary. In 1890-91, according to the Regulations of May 26, 1869, there were only 85 schools, including in the Kyiv province. 12, Volynskaya 10, Podolskaya 13. The maintenance of each school costs more than 4,000 rubles.

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - St. Petersburg: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .

See what "City Schools" is in other dictionaries:

In Russia, until 1917, elevated primary schools with a 6-year term of study were created in 1872 instead of district schools. Since 1912, they were transformed into higher elementary schools ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

In Russia, elevated elementary schools with a six-year term of instruction were created in 1872 to replace district schools. From 1912 they were transformed into higher elementary schools. * * * CITY SCHOOLS CITY SCHOOLS, in Russia until 1917, elevated primary schools with ... encyclopedic Dictionary

City schools- elevated primary schools for children of the urban population; established (1872) according to the project of N.Kh. Wessel instead of district schools. The term of study is 6 years, the division into classes depended on the means and the number of teachers. Children from families of all classes were accepted and ... ... Pedagogical terminological dictionary

Educational institutions of an advanced type for children of the urban petty bourgeoisie and employees, which first arose in Western Europe in the 17th century. (see burgher schools). In Russia, male G. at. were created according to the regulation of May 31, 1872 on the basis of district schools ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

CITY SCHOOLS- 1) according to the Regulations of 1872 in Russia, elevated early. schools for the children of the mountains. population (artisans, small employees and merchants). Established on May 31, 1872, to replace the district schools with the aim of diverting the lower strata of the townspeople from the gymnasium. The Prussian was taken as a model ... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

City schools- early uch. head advanced. They were opened according to the Regulations of 1872 instead of y. account In G.U. acted cl. teaching system (all subjects in class were taught by one teacher). G.U. were 1 6 cells. On U. in the main. 3 4 cl. with 6 years of study. They were trained… Ural Historical Encyclopedia

City schools- account. institutions type for children of small mountains. bourgeoisie in the 17th and 18th centuries. in Zap. Europe. Husband in Russia G. U. were formed according to the regulation of May 31, 1872 on the basis of the county district. Training is paid, the amount of the fee was determined by the inspector of the bunk. uch u in accordance ... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

Each graduate must determine his own destiny, and no one else should influence his idea. This is a very important decision, and it must be clearly and correctly considered. It is necessary to weigh all the "pros" and "cons" and even then make your final choice in favor of one or another military or other institution. Small details and previously presented information are especially important, especially when you decide to become an officer or soldier.

Military higher educational institutions of Russia

There are many positive aspects to being an officer. What is the chic and beautiful uniform of employees worth. It is also a good way to become an adult and self-sufficient person, for example, who went on a solo voyage and decided to become an important and strong person. And how much adventure, excitement and romance are there in your work? That is precisely why a lot of young people tend to go to study at Suvorov and higher military schools. But, in addition to such colorful descriptions, there is also a dark side, which entails dangers and serious life changes.

The choice is yours

The list of military schools in Russia is quite large, and it is difficult to choose one of them. What would you prefer? The status of the position is high when you work in the Airborne Forces, special forces or marines. Adventures in the water or air strongly attract gambling and confident guys and girls. A good one will help raise your position and get on your own feet, especially since higher education in our country is free and "painless".

Good education, discipline, tolerance and collegiality are brought up already from the first theoretical lessons. The most basic criterion for all studies is knowledge. Each student, and especially a cadet, must study well and acquire knowledge of various disciplines.

Key Benefits of Military Education

In addition to all the above advantages, there are other positive aspects in such education:

• A fairly high scholarship (the amount is approximately 16 thousand rubles). Not bad money, considering the fact that you are taught, fed and given an overnight stay;
• High-calorie meals with a complete diet of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a towel for each cadet for free;
• In the future, a decent salary at the place of direction.

Today there is a fairly large list of military schools in Russia. Among the available offers, you can find the option that will suit the young man perfectly in all respects.

Schools to watch out for

There are many military schools on the territory of Russia. They are located in big cities. The most prestigious and popular are:

1. Kazan Suvorov Cadet School (Kazan).
2. Nizhny Novgorod School of Military Engineering Command.
3. Novosibirsk Higher Military Cadet School.
4. Naval School named after M. V. Frunze
5. Engineering School of Military Communications named after G.K. Orzhonikidze (Ulyanovsk)
6. Rocket School named after the Hero Major General Lizyukov (Saratov).
7. Chemical Protection School named after Podvoisky (Tambov).

This is an incomplete list of all institutions where you can acquire certain military knowledge. After graduating from military schools in Russia, the list of strengths in a person increases markedly. In addition, there is much more experience and practice. Any situation is not a hindrance if you have the knowledge gained in a military school in your luggage. That's the whole list of military schools in Russia, which you need to immediately pay attention to.

Some nuances for admission

To enter the military service, you must have a great desire to learn and achieve the desired result. First, the necessary documents are collected according to a specific list. You need to write down the dates for passing the exams, reach and only then wait for the result of admission.

Also, if you need to decide on the scope of military service. Your fate will directly depend on this. Air forces, marines, communications, special forces - and this is not a complete list of military schools in Russia with various areas of specialization and training. According to their physical and moral preparation, each incoming cadet decides where it is best to go in order to become a person with a capital letter in the future. It is these people that the Russian Federation is proud of, and they are directly involved in the political life of the country. Do not be afraid to give back to the motherland, and it will reward you.

Where to go?

If there is a desire and an opportunity to reach the very pinnacle of military training, you can go to military higher educational institutions in Russia. In such universities you will have the best preparation, practical skills and theoretical knowledge. The very process of education will become unforgettable, as it is filled with adventures and various pleasant situations. Girls will be delighted with a young cadet in a beautiful and spectacular uniform. You can get such privileges and a huge store of knowledge in special universities, academies, higher military schools and institutes.

Prestigious universities

The most popular and demanded higher educational institutions are:

• Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
• Institute of the FSB of the Russian Federation (Novosibirsk).
• St. Petersburg Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
• institute).
• branch of the Military Academy of Logistics named after General of the Army A.V. Khruleva (St. Petersburg).

Each educational institution has several departments with specialties. Depending on the class of training and opportunities, their number can vary from 1 to 10. But absolutely in each one you can get the highest level of knowledge and experience that will become indispensable in future work. Working for such state institutions as the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the FSB, you need not only to have a lot of knowledge, but also to have a desire to learn new things. Since laws are constantly changing, they need to be closely monitored and studied. Many aspects of the work require strong nerves and steely patience. So you need to take into account these details in the future, and even better when you enter. Higher military schools - they all produce excellent employees.

The best schools

Our country has a wide range of institutions. Below is a list of military schools in Russia:

• Moscow Air Force School.
• St. Petersburg military department for the development of criminal organizations.
• Moscow military department for the development of criminal organizations.
• Novosibirsk Command School.

Military schools in Russia: list

It also has several higher educational institutions for the education and training of the military. To be precise, their number is thirteen. The military schools of the FSB of Russia, the list of which is given below, are considered among the best:

• Academy of the FSB of Russia.
• Kurgan Border Institute of the FSB of the Russian Federation.
• Institute of the FSB of the Russian Federation (Yekaterinburg).
• Institute of Federal Security (Novosibirsk).
• Moscow Institute of Information Technologies.
• Moscow Academy.
• FSB Institute (Novgorod).
• FSB Institute (Novosibirsk).
• Moscow Border Institute (PI).
• Golitsynsky PI.
• Kaliningrad PI.
• Khabarovsk PI.

The higher military schools of Russia, the list of which is provided above, specialize in a high level of teaching and try to produce as many worthy candidates as possible.

Flight training

There is a good opportunity to undergo flight military training, a full course at a hospital. There are certain military flight schools in Russia, a list of which can be found in the military press or directly in the universities themselves. In such institutions, you can get the rank of lieutenant of the Russian military aviation, and if you wish, go further in your career and reach higher ranks. Military flight schools of Russia, list:

1. Borisoglebsk faculty of assault and front-line bomber aviation.
2. Chelyabinsk branch of the Moscow Academy.

Suvorovtsy - a great start to a career

The most competent and achieving goals are the graduates of the Suvorov military schools. Here is the most thorough education, which makes it possible to achieve the position of general. A tolerant military with a cultural upbringing will carefully do all their work in the future. Suvorov military schools in Russia, the list is quite large, but a few should be noted:

1. Moscow school.
2. St. Petersburg School.
3. Tver School.

In a military school after 11 classes

There is an opportunity to enter the military schools of Russia after the 11th grade:

• Academy of Artillery Troops (St. Petersburg)
• Moscow Military Institute (combined arms).
• Command Engineering Military School (Tyumen).
• Krasnodar military school.

In fact, there are a lot of such state institutions. Their list is more than one page.

Wherever you go to study and gain knowledge in the military sphere - the list of military schools in Russia will help you make the right choice. This profession is very much in demand in the country in the future for the defense and protection of its possessions. It's no secret that military people are capable of doing the impossible. Especially since there is room to expand. Inaccessible water spaces, a wide air atmosphere, a variety of ground units and much more need constant replenishment of personnel and valuable workers. Higher educational schools, institutes with different profiles, as well as academies will help to obtain the necessary knowledge.

Advantages and disadvantages

Every accomplished military figure will be proud of his diploma and knowledge gained in such institutions. The career ladder will not stand still. Thanks to all the skills and theory, any task will not bring labor.

Many young people go to work in various institutions, guided by thoughts of public service and decent earnings. But it is also worth noting that not all applicants have a desire to repay their homeland. Do not forget that any misconduct on the part of employees is punished much more severely than civilians. Therefore, you should control yourself and not succumb to impulses and nervous breakdowns. Many military men are subject to constant tension and quickly lose confidence in themselves. The stability of the nervous system and knowledge of the legal framework is an integral part of any employee.

In our turbulent times, parents are afraid to send their children to serve or study at military academies. They choose other more calm professions, for example, a mechanic or an accountant. But is it worth it to be so afraid for your children, perhaps their vocation in life is to serve their homeland and give themselves completely to it. Always consider the desire of your household, because they are part of your family. Do not be afraid to give your child to the service, because it is on it that he will acquire those qualities that should be inherent in all men.

The military, police and other public service workers are always under pressure and sometimes fail to properly assess the situation. It is in such cases that a carefully studied charter helps, therefore, when you enter an academy or institute, do not be lazy and learn all the information provided. She will help you in a difficult situation, and you can excel in the course with your knowledge.

To master some professions, it is not at all necessary to study at the institute - secondary vocational education is quite enough. Such an education will take you much less time and will not require large financial costs, and the level obtained is quite enough to then find a job in the chosen specialty.

Secondary vocational education can be obtained at a college, technical school or vocational school. It should be noted that there are very few vocational technical schools left, now you can get not only technical education here, so the schools have turned from vocational schools into vocational schools.

In college, you can master the specialty of a technician, manager, lawyer, accountant and others. You can be admitted to college after graduating from 9th or 11th grade of school, after graduating from a vocational school or after receiving a secondary vocational education. College education lasts 2-4 years, depending on the education received. When studying in college, you get student status, a student ID card, and a transcript. After graduation, you will be issued a diploma of secondary specialized education in your chosen specialty, which gives you the right to enter a university or get a job in an appropriate position.

It is noteworthy that the programs and courses of study at the college are only slightly simpler than at the institute, and it is much easier and cheaper to enter here. In some colleges, training programs provide more complete knowledge than at the institute, and the learning process itself is built in the same way as in a university - students listen to lectures, participate in seminars, pass tests and exams. In addition, discipline is more strict here and students get less freedom. Colleges are better adapted to the innovations taking place in the education system and in the labor market, therefore, you have a chance to gain more practical skills and useful knowledge that will be useful directly in the workplace.

In fact, a technical school is an analogue of a college, with the only difference being that in a technical school you get basic training, and in college you get more advanced training.

In vocational schools you can get the specialty of a locksmith, fitter, hairdresser, electrician and others. These professions are in demand at any time. Vocational technical schools provide a basic level of knowledge, some of them are not at all difficult to enter after the 9th grade of school. Mostly those who do not like to study go there, especially since entrance exams are not required - just write an application. But there are also PUs in which 2-3 people apply for one place, and you will have to pass an exam in order to pass the competitive selection. After graduating from college, you can go to work in your specialty, but you are unlikely to be able to count on a promotion - for this you will have to receive additional education.

In the 1st-2nd year at the vocational technical school, general education subjects are provided, in the 3rd year they teach the basics of your future profession. There is an opportunity to do an internship at the enterprise. At the end of the vocational school, you will receive a high school diploma and a profession certificate. This does not give you any benefits when entering a higher educational institution, however, if you have sufficient work experience in your specialty or received a red diploma, then the university will provide you with benefits.

Now, having an idea about the level of education in a college, technical school and vocational school, you can decide on the choice of an educational institution. It is never too late to engage in self-education and, having received a secondary specialized education, you can always continue your studies at a university.

What kind of education is a school?

College (vocational school) is what kind of education?

Do not confuse secondary special (technical school, college) and secondary vocational (school) education. The school provides precisely professional skills, the ability to work with hands and a minimum of theoretical knowledge. College and technical school is still more theoretical education with some practical training. So the school is a secondary vocational education, giving mainly working professions and skills.

Previously, there were mainly GPTU, which stood for city vocational school

There were earlier in other years also TU, SPTU, SpetsPTU.

There were earlier schools that had the status of a technical school or college. These are military schools and cultural and educational schools.

In the period of today's Russia, PU, ​​a vocational school, where they give primary knowledge about the profession. This is primary vocational education and secondary school education

Technical schools or, as now, colleges or lyceums provide secondary specialized education. That is, they receive not a profession, but a specialty. One specialty can work in different professions

And there is only one working profession

The school is secondary and special education. And you can enter there on the basis of secondary school education, or incomplete secondary school education. And the time of studying at the school will depend on this.

Schools are diversified, for example, a medical school, you can be a nurse, a paramedic, or a teacher training school after it, you can be a teacher or educator.

Just do not confuse a school with a vocational school, where there is a narrow-profile direction, an example is the construction professions-plasterer-painter, turner, electrician and others. There are vocational schools where they train to work as a seller.

Studying at a vocational school takes much less time than at a school.

Those who have graduation certificates are considered to have a secondary specialized education, this is a college and a vocational school, such people have both a secondary education and a specialty in which they can already be hired. The usual specialties there are: cook, locksmith, confectioner, painter-plasterer, welder, salesmen and weavers.

Children finish 9th grade and go to this institution for three years.

Graduation from college gives an ordinary secondary education with a certain profession, usually a working profession. Recently, there are fewer and fewer schools, because the majority of young people are striving to get a higher education. And working specialties were not in demand for many years, the factories were all in ruins.

A vocational school provides secondary specialized education, although it is valued lower than technical colleges. Most schools now prefer to be called lyceums. And the professions taught in them are mostly workers: a locksmith, a mechanic, a tram driver, etc.

This is secondary education. The school usually teaches working professions and specialties.

You can go to the school after the 9th grade and after the 11th grade. After the 11th grade, they teach only 2-3 years, the school almost does not devote time to general developmental disciplines, such as philosophy, political science, sociology, etc., and the emphasis is on working skills.

After college, you can enter a higher educational institution for free if you pass through the competition.

The school is not secondary special education, but secondary vocational education. The school teaches such specialties as: Plasterer, painter, locksmith, bricklayer, cook, plumber, salesman. These are the educations they receive at the school.

A person who has studied at a school receives a secondary special education. You can enter the school after finishing the nine classes of the school. In the school, students receive working specialties, for example: a salesman, a locksmith, a cook, a plumber.

A vocational school (vocational school) provides vocational education without status. True, if the name contains the word - Secondary, then it gives a secondary education. The main task of vocational schools is the training of a working profession.

Usually everyone confuses that a school is a secondary specialized education, but in fact it is a secondary vocational education. The school mainly teaches some working specialties (plasterer, locksmith and others).

PTU - what kind of education? Vocational School

Sooner or later, every high school student has a question about what to do with his life next. And getting a specialized education is directly related to this issue. Many are beginning to wonder: "Vocational school - what kind of education is this?" Let's figure it out.

PTU - what kind of education?

Training received at vocational schools is classified as initial vocational training. The program is designed in such a way that an important emphasis is placed on subjects from the general education course, which are directly related to the chosen profession. Much attention is also paid to specialized subjects.

A step into the future or a verdict?

Historically, in the countries of the post-Soviet space, the abbreviation vocational school (decoding - "vocational school") has become synonymous with trouble, laziness and rudeness. There is an opinion that only incompetent losers are collected there. Ask people: "Vocational school - what kind of education is this?" - and, most likely, you will hear in response that at the end of the day these institutions give only loafers and petty hooligans.

People's opinions

Others believe that vocational schools should be revived, otherwise soon there will be no person left who knows how to hammer a nail or change the gasket in a tap. Efforts must be made to restore prestige to these institutions. Many note that it is possible to get a specialty at a vocational school much faster than if you finish your studies for another 2 years at school, and then 5 years at a university. With regard to uninitiated teachers and gouging students, this may be true, but there are plenty of such elements in universities. And, to be honest, the quality of teaching in some vocational schools will give odds to individual universities.

What is the real picture

Unfortunately, the current reality is that vocational school does indeed attract a large percentage of teenagers who are not going to study. Many young people are very enthusiastic about the opportunity to study at a vocational school. Why?

First, why? that anyone can enter there, and not just bores - "scribblers". After all, there are no entrance exams in some schools because of the need to fill in the declared places. It's better in vocational schools than in school - it's more fun. According to some, discipline in pairs is not given enough attention, and some students even allow themselves to come to class in a state of mild alcohol intoxication. It is quite easy to pass tests and exams for a bribe or even just for a bottle of alcohol. Such opinions, of course, are isolated and highly controversial. However, unfortunately, they are based on real facts. And after such chilling revelations, it is time to seriously worry about our future.

Yet the reality is not as bleak as it might seem. What kind of education a vocational school provides depends to a large extent on the student himself. Yes, you can judge for yourself - is it worth making an idea about the quality of the school from the words of a loser? For more than a decade, vocational schools have been graduating and continue to graduate young professionals who spent their time studying with benefit and really acquired the necessary professional skills.

Advantages of vocational schools

The main advantage of vocational schools lies in their narrow specialization. And this means that mountains of information will not be poured into a young person, which will not be useful to him at all in his chosen profession. If you happened to study at a university, you yourself can estimate how much of the material learned there remained unclaimed, or even completely evaporated from memory as unnecessary. Knowledge, of course, is not to be carried behind your back, but the time spent will not return.

In addition, the very structure of the vocational school is focused on ensuring that after graduation the student is assigned to work. At the moment, there is no such practice in universities.

What are the specialties in vocational schools?

• Auto mechanic - is engaged in checking the technical condition of vehicles, determines the need for repairs and carries out it.
• Auto Electrician - Serves any electronics in the car. In connection with the rapid development of automatic systems in the device of vehicles, this is a very popular specialty.
• Accumulator - monitors the condition of batteries and accumulators. An indispensable person in large industries.
• Bondar is a barrel maker.
• The bulldozer operator is the operator of the bulldozer. Requires special permission.
• Designer-constructor - is engaged in the design and direct manufacture of product prototypes.
• Draper - performs design work. Demanded in the advertising business.
• A sharpener is a necessary full-time employee in any enterprise where machines are used.
• An engineer is a specialist in the design of various structures.
• A cable maker is a worker who makes or lays cables.
• A crane operator is a crane operator.
• A roofer is a specialist who calculates and installs the roof on a building.
• A blacksmith is a craftsman who works on metal. Often this work includes artistic forging and stamping.
• Painter - a worker who paints premises, structures or other objects.
• The driver is a specialist who maintains and controls the machine (it can be a locomotive, compressor, turbogenerator, etc.).
• A metallurgist is a worker in the field of obtaining metal from ore.
• A mechanic is a specialist who maintains and repairs all kinds of mechanisms.
• Installer - a worker who assembles and dismantles structures.
• A carpenter is a woodworker.
• A radio mechanic is a specialist in the repair of televisions, radios and electronic equipment.
• Borer - a specialist in working with blank elements.
• Straightener - a specialist in editing the facing parts of the body.
• A plumber is a worker who repairs and installs sanitary equipment.
• A welder is a specialist in welding work.
• A locksmith is a specialist in the manual processing of metals. Engaged in the assembly and disassembly of metal products.
• A cabinetmaker is a worker who produces high-quality interior items (including furniture) from wood. As a rule, for work uses valuable species of wood.
• Turner - a specialist in turning, working with wood, metal, plastic, plexiglass, resin and other materials.
• A milling machine operator is a milling machine operator. Processes the surfaces of parts by removing a layer of chips.
• A seamstress is a worker who cuts and sews clothes.
• A grinder is a worker who grinds hard material.
• A plasterer is a specialist in wall decoration.
• An electrician is a specialist in electrical wiring. Carries out installation of systems and laying of electrical cables.

What is needed for admission

In order to enter the city vocational school after graduating from the 9th grade, it will be necessary to take entrance exams. In addition, you will need the following package of documents:

1. Application to the director of the school.
2. Certificate of education.
3. 6 photos 3x4 cm.
4. Medical certificate.
5. Information about vaccinations.
6. Certificate of residence.
7. Copy of birth certificate (or passport).
8. Copy of identification number.

How to get the most out of learning

Even the best teacher in the world will not be able to teach a student anything until the student wants to learn. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to start with your attitude towards education.

Don't let those around you discourage you. And remember the purpose of admission - the acquisition of practical skills that will help you provide for yourself. Consider the period of study as an investment in the future. Time is one of the most valuable resources that we all have. Don't be foolish enough to throw it into the wind.

How to achieve this? Just try to listen carefully. Try to be truly interested in your chosen profession. In the end, it was with this case that you decided to connect your life, at least for the next few years. Why deliberately turn these years into hard labor, if it is quite possible to get real pleasure from an interesting business?

What are the prospects after graduating from vocational school

A vocational school diploma will give you the opportunity to immediately get a job in your specialty. Often the head of the school is in charge of securing the availability of job vacancies. You will have certain options already when you pass the mandatory work experience.

In addition, such education (vocational school) gives you the opportunity to continue your studies if you wish. And if you enter the same specialty, then most likely you will be provided with some benefits. This may be enrollment immediately in the second or third year of the university, or the opportunity to enter without entrance exams.

Modern terminology

PTU - what kind of education? In fact, this question has already become archaic. Because we no longer have official vocational schools. Today there are PU - vocational schools and PL - vocational lyceums. However, such a familiar abbreviation, vocational school, will not soon disappear from our public consciousness.

Why is such education called special? On the basis of school knowledge, students study in depth one area of ​​activity, and after that they can get a job. As a rule, the vocational school also prepares working specialties, contributing to the expansion of personnel in factories and industries.

Other

In addition to these four groups of education, there are many other entries that can be entered in the work book. Unfortunately, they no longer belong to the classical Russian education system, but still they have a place to be. But our task is to consider the correct filling of the education column, leaving no space and time for rare exceptions.

Making a record of education (study)

How is education recorded in a work book? In order for this important document not to have to be redone or not to be corrected, you need to be careful about making labor records.

That is why our main task is to tell how education is included in the work book.

So, how to make an entry in the work book about education? She must be clear and concise. She must enter clear and neat handwriting, in the same paste as the other data on the title page. The entry should be as clear as possible, because it is possible that the employer who accepts the employee for the next position will not be able to understand the offer.

Information about education in the work book (sample):

A vocational school is an educational institution that trains specialists for working specialties. Not infrequently, in order to go to study at a higher educational institution, a vocational school graduate simply writes an application, and he is transferred to the second year of the institute.

Thus, we can conclude that it is impossible to call vocational schools secondary education, because this level of knowledge is higher than that of children studying at school.

For a long time, vocational school students write in their work papers that they are owners secondary special education and they are absolutely right. That is what their specialty is called.

How to make an entry in the work book on education after vocational school (sample):

school

The school is also an educational institution where graduates of the ninth grade of schools enter.

The school pays attention to only one specific subject in order to produce ready-made workers.

Therefore, to the question “School is what kind of education for a work book?” you can answer that the school is also secondary special education, since it is believed that graduates have a higher level of knowledge than the same schoolchildren.

Technical College

Technical schools are a dream come true for young people who don't want to go to school but really want to work with their hands and earn money. Technical specialties are now in price, which is why many seek to get into them.

It should be noted that technical school graduates have every right to enroll immediately in the third year of a technical higher educational institution and continue their education, becoming a specialist with a higher education in two years.

Bachelor

Quite recently, our country began to switch to the Bologna system of education, which caused a storm of indignation among leading professors and many students.

Who are bachelors? What does an entry in the work book about bachelor's education mean?

In fact, they are specialists. with an initial level of higher education. Due to misunderstanding and distrust of people in such an education system, employers refuse to hire bachelors, and the students themselves do not understand where to apply their knowledge.

Now your main task is to find a job in your specialty.

Record of education in the work book after graduation (sample):

Alteration

It is often required to change the education record in the work book, a sample of which we provide below. If a citizen received any education, but over the years received a higher level, for example, after college he graduated from a higher educational institution, then you need to make a change in the education entry in his work book on the basis that now this specialist has increased the level of his knowledge.

How to make changes to the work book on education? Record of past education neatly crossed out, and on the opposite side of the spread on a white sheet, an entry is made about the change in education.

Information is written that a higher education was received on the basis of a diploma number such and such.

Also, do not forget that the date is set when an entry was made in the work book about the change in education.

Record in the work book about the change in education (sample):

It is very important that the change in education is formalized properly. We are talking about accuracy, clarity of handwriting and trying not to make mistakes.

Surely, many HR employees are not the first to put such records, but regardless of whether you are an experienced specialist or a beginner, you should still do everything possible to ensure that neat and correct complete your workbook avoiding all sorts of mistakes.

Conclusion

Now you know all the rules that will help you make an entry in the work book about your studies, understand how, if necessary, fix her education, as well as, in general, learn to determine what kind of education a graduate of a particular institution has received.

Hello dear student. So nine years of school life flew by, cheerful and carefree, sometimes difficult and tiring. Are you at a crossroads and can't decide what to do next? Then you have come to the right place, and our article will certainly help with the choice of a future profession. We will talk about the most popular schools and technical schools after grade 9 in Moscow.

In contact with

There are more than 200 secondary specialized educational institutions in various fields in the capital of Russia, so it is not surprising that applicants from all over Russia come to Moscow, because among the huge variety You can choose a specialization that suits your taste and budget..

List of budget educational institutions after the ninth grade

List of medical schools

If you feel that your calling in life is related to medicine, then the following list of medical colleges and schools in Moscow will be especially helpful to you.

1. Dmitrov medical school.
2. Krasnogorsk medical school.
3. Clara Zetkin Medical College.
4. Medical College at Moscow State Medical University named after Sechenov.
5. Medical College No. 1.
6. Medical School No. 1.
7. Meshchersky medical school.
8. Mytishchi medical school.
9. Orekhovo-Zuevskoe Medical Educational Institution.
10. St. Demetrius School of Sisters of Mercy.

And this is not a complete list of educational institutions where you can get a medical secondary special education.

Pedagogical educational institutions and colleges

If you are patient and responsible, love to teach and instruct your classmates and friends, you like to pore over books and textbooks from morning to night - your calling is to be a teacher.

From this list of educational institutions you will choose the right one for you.

Educational institutions located at institutes

Almost all educational institutions have their own hostels with comfortable living conditions

General list of documents required upon admission

Approach with all seriousness and responsibility when collecting and submitting the documents necessary for admission to an educational institution. Explore the site if there is one. Approximate list of documents:

• Passport (if already issued), birth certificate and its photocopies in several copies;
• Original certificate of secondary education and its copy;
• an application that you will be helped to draw up in the selection committee of the selected educational institution;
• photos as for a passport in the format of 3*4 cm (about 8 pieces);
• insurance policy;
• medical certificate form No. 086u (you can get it from your doctor at the clinic at the place of registration or residence);
• results of the state final certification.

Exams to be taken upon admission

You can find out exact information about exams directly from the admissions office or on the website of the educational institution. Most often these are standard exams in the Russian language and mathematics. Many institutions of secondary specialization offer to take preparatory courses with them and enter without exams.

Duration of study

Forms of training are:

• full-time;
• correspondence;
• part-time.

Also daytime and evening. You can enter the budget (tuition is paid by the state) or to a paid department. It depends on your abilities and academic success.

The duration of study depends on the institution you choose and can vary from a few months to four years.

Wherever you go, dear friend, remember to study, study, and study again. After all, this is the only way to achieve success and ensure financial well-being and prosperity. Develop and achieve goals, but first decide on a future profession. Here it is very important not to make a mistake with the choice and make a balanced, conscious adult decision. Moreover, you need to make a difficult choice yourself, and not based on the arguments of parents and relatives about the prestige of a particular profession.

Strength and patience to you, dear entrant, as well as an irresistible craving for new knowledge!