Translators - people and computer programs. The problem of untranslatability, sociocultural component

technology wiki
A technology for user interaction with a website designed for the collective development, storage, and structuring of information.
The main ideas implemented by wiki technology:
the ability to edit the content of the site pages directly in the browser, simplifying the process of publishing text up to 2 clicks (edit-save);
automated generation and maintenance of the integrity of hyperlinks between site pages and the use of simplified markup for text;
storage of all changes that have occurred to all wiki articles since their creation;
the ability to edit wiki articles by anyone.
[http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]

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information technology in general

EN

2 wiki

wiki, a public message board based on web

a simple Web site, a communication tool that allows you to freely and quickly exchange information and conduct teamwork (publish, edit pages) via the Internet. The concept of a wiki (wiki-wiki is a Hawaiian word meaning "fast") was introduced by Ward Cunningham in 1995 to collectively discuss programming models

3 wiki

["wɪkɪ]

noun ; inform. ; abbr. from WikiWikiWeb; Hawaiian wikiwiki letters. "fast"

1) wiki (technology of user interaction with a website, designed for the collective development, storage and structuring of information, mainly hypertext)

A Stanford professor has proposed that wiki technology be used in Congress to help make the process more transparent. - A Stanford professor suggested using Congressional wiki technology to make his work more transparent.

2) wiki site (website created using wiki technology)

The American Historical Association has created a wiki intended to provide information about archival repositories in the US. - The American Association of Historians has set up a wiki with the intention of providing information about archival repositories in the United States.

4 Wiki

Internet:

5 wiki

Internet: the very first wiki site written in perl

6 wiki

7 wiki

8 wiki

Books

Buy for 299 rubles electronic book
Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Power Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful, by Beth Simon Novek. The advent of the Internet and information sharing technologies makes it possible to change the work of existing state institutions and create new mechanisms for solving problems both locally,…

Topics

information technology in general

EN

2 wiki

wiki, a public message board based on web

3 wiki

["wɪkɪ]

noun ; inform. ; abbr. from WikiWikiWeb; Hawaiian wikiwiki letters. "fast"

1) wiki (technology of user interaction with a website, designed for the collective development, storage and structuring of information, mainly hypertext)

2) wiki site (website created using wiki technology)

4 Wiki

Internet:

5 wiki

Internet: the very first wiki site written in perl

6 wiki

7 wiki

8 wiki

Books

Buy for 299 rubles electronic book
Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Power Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful, by Beth Simon Novek. The advent of the Internet and information sharing technologies makes it possible to change the work of existing state institutions and create new mechanisms for solving problems both locally,…

Wiki translation can help the project become truly global. The wiki contains a wealth of help information and documentation. We would love to see at least some of it available in languages other than English. Of course, the translation of other parts of the project is equally (if not more) important.

Community unity

Unlike Wikipedia, we do not aim to collect as much knowledge as possible on the wiki pages. Wikipedia decided that the best way to write an encyclopedia would be to separate the communities of contributors by language and create essentially a separate project for each language. This wiki is the way things are absolutely otherwise. This wiki is not an end in itself. Translating wiki articles should help bring the community together, help members understand each other better, and ultimately help everyone make maps!

With that in mind, we use a slightly different wiki technology to create separate language versions. Of course, we want non-English speakers to feel at home and have access to all the information they need, but we also want the community to stay united and focused.

Translation Status

Acute problems ru-wiki

Category:EN:Map objects must be indistinguishable from Category:Features
Category:Ru key descriptions - most of the pages are outdated in two years, you need to check what has already been translated, but check other languages as well; German wiki second in content after English (Category:Key descriptions)
Category:Ru tag descriptions - read above for Category:Key descriptions
Category:Tag descriptions with status "approved" - absolutely all accepted tags must be translated into Russian; "new" tags for Russia will appear here
Category:Key descriptions with status "approved" - see above

Note: Before the page is saved, the page preview shows your language as not available. However, even after you save it, your language still shows up in the missing list. This strange phenomenon is caused by template caching. Click on update the list(purge cache) to recheck available languages. After that, your language will be displayed in the list available for this page.

Articles in the process of translation

All not fully translated articles are marked at the beginning of the page with the template RU:In Translation :

((Template:RU:In Translation|art=TITLE_ARTICLE_ENGLISH|idi=English))

Or Russified syntax of the same template - Translate:

((Translate|art=TITLE_ARTICLE_ENGLISH|idi=English))

Usage

The template uses two parameters - idi for the name of the language (in the nominative case) and art for the title of the original article.

If the idi parameter is not specified, then English is used by default.

Options:

If you are translating an article It: Roma With Italian language, the template will look like this:
((Translate|art=It:Roma|idi=Italian))
If you are translating an article Copyright With English language, the template will look like this:
((Translate|art=Copyright))

These templates are placed on pages that are in the process of being translated into Russian from other languages. When the translation is completed, the template must be removed from the page.

Page titles

Pages can be named in English or Russian, in the template ((Languages)) you should specify the name in English.

Pages with titles in English

The names of all pages must be in English or have equivalent names in English. If you want to name the page in Russian, read below how to do it correctly. The name of each translated page consists of a prefix, a colon and the name of the page with the original text in English. The name of the page with the original text in English does not contain a prefix.

Pages with titles in Russian

If you create a page with a title in Russian, then be sure to create a corresponding page with a title EN:Page_name, inside which insert a single line - the command to automatically redirect to your page with a title in Russian:

In the body of the page named: EN:Page_name redirect code:

#REDIRECT[]

In the body of the page with the name: an English title is added Page_name as parameter in template Languages:

If the page EN:Page_name already exists and is at least partially filled, then its contents must be copied into a page with a Russian title ( EN:adapted_Russian_title), where all subsequent filling should take place.

Automatic formatting "as in Wikipedia"

Wikipedia has developed a powerful tool for automatically formatting wiki markup called a wikiifier. You can read about him. You can enable it yourself by creating a page of the User type: /common.js where - your login to the wiki, and adding the code to it:

/* WikiEditor/Wikifier */ if ($ . inArray (mw . config . get ("wgAction" ), [ "edit" , "submit" ]) !== - 1 ) ( mw . loader . load ( "//ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-wikificator.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"); ) var customizeToolbar = function () ( $ ("#wpTextbox1" ). wikiEditor ("addToToolbar" , ( "section" : "advanced" , "group" : "format" , "tools" : ( "wikify" : ( label : "Wikifier" , type : "button" , icon : "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Wikify-toolbutton.png", action : ( type : "callback" , execute : function (context ) ( Wikify (; ) ) ) ) )); ); if ($ . inArray (mw . config . get ("wgAction" ), [ "edit" , "submit" ]) !== - 1 ) ( mw . loader . using ("user.options" , function () ( if (mw . user . options . get ("usebetatoolbar" )) ( mw . loader . using ("ext.wikiEditor.toolbar" , function () ( $ (document ). ready (customizeToolbar ); )); ) )) ; )

Owner Author Beginning of work Current status

It should be noted that the function of translating the pages received in the search results (by clicking the "Translate" button) appeared back in 2009 and was carried out on the basis of PROMT technologies.

In addition, the translator is built into Yandex.Browser and automatically offers to translate text in a foreign language.

Capabilities

Immediately after the launch of the translator in beta testing mode in the spring of 2011, only three languages \u200b\u200bwere available - English, Russian and Ukrainian, with a limit of 10 thousand characters.

As of March 2019, translation is available for 90 languages:

The translation direction is determined automatically. It is possible to translate individual words, entire texts and individual web pages (by link). When manually entering text, the system itself offers hints in a pop-up window. There is a possibility of two-window viewing of the translation and the original for web pages. In addition to the actual machine translation, a complete English-Russian and Russian-English dictionary is also available. There is an application for devices based on iOS , Windows Phone and Android . You can listen to the pronunciation of the translation and the original text (synthesized female voice).

Translations of sentences and words can be added to "Favorites" - the corresponding section is located under the input field.

Yandex Translator, like other automatic translation tools, has its limitations. This tool aims to help the reader understand the general meaning of the content of a text in a foreign language, it does not provide accurate translations. According to the head of the service, Alexey Baitin, it is impossible to compare machine translation of a text with a literary one. Work is constantly being done to improve the quality of translation, translations into other languages are being developed

Previously, machine translation was based on the “meaning-text” model: let’s take any language, translate its words into a universal over-language of meanings, and then translate these meanings into the words of another language, and we will get the translated text. This model dominated in the 1970s and 1980s and became automated in the 1990s. All translations of the 1990s are built on this ideology. In the 2000s, search appeared, and it became clear that in order to translate a text, it is generally not necessary to understand the meaning. Mankind has already translated so much that the probability of finding two similar texts in different languages on the net is quite high. How to determine that these are the same texts? Very simple. They have many of the same words. If in a document of 1000 words 800 are dictionary pairs, then most likely this is a translation from one language to another. And then you can already break the texts into paragraphs, into sentences and somehow work with it. That is, the machine does not translate with words, but with ready-made pieces, the machine is capable of this. In fact, if you think about it, this method of translation is even more consistent with how a person in real life learns a language in childhood. After all, we hardly think in terms of "meaning-text" when we are told, for example: "Take a pear"

In addition to the free version for users, there is a commercial version of the online translator API (free up to 10 million characters, then - paid), designed primarily for localizing websites of online stores and travel companies.

Peculiarities

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An excerpt characterizing Yandex.Translate

- Asked, brother, the heat. Now they won’t turn up, said another.
- Nothing to see. How they fried it in theirs! not to be seen; darkness, brethren. Is there a drink?
The French were repulsed for the last time. And again, in complete darkness, Tushin's guns, as if surrounded by a frame of roaring infantry, moved somewhere forward.
In the darkness, it was as if an invisible, gloomy river was flowing, all in one direction, humming with whispers, voices and the sounds of hooves and wheels. In the general rumble, because of all the other sounds, the groans and voices of the wounded in the darkness of the night were clearest of all. Their groans seemed to fill all this darkness that surrounded the troops. Their groans and the darkness of that night were one and the same. After a while, there was a commotion in the moving crowd. Someone rode with a retinue on a white horse and said something while driving. What did you say? Where to now? Stay, what? Thanks, right? - Greedy questions were heard from all sides, and the whole moving mass began to press on itself (it is clear that the front ones stopped), and a rumor spread that it was ordered to stop. Everyone stopped as they walked, in the middle of a muddy road.
The lights lit up and the voice became louder. Captain Tushin, having given orders to the company, sent one of the soldiers to look for a dressing station or a doctor for the cadet, and sat down by the fire laid out on the road by the soldiers. Rostov also dragged himself to the fire. Feverish shivering from pain, cold and dampness shook his whole body. Sleep irresistibly drove him, but he could not sleep because of the excruciating pain in his aching and out of position arm. He either closed his eyes, or looked at the fire, which seemed to him ardently red, then at the stooping, weak figure of Tushin, who was sitting beside him in Turkish style. Tushin's large, kind and intelligent eyes fixed him with sympathy and compassion. He saw that Tushin wanted with all his heart and could not help him in any way.
From all sides were heard the steps and the conversation of those passing by, passing by and around the infantry stationed. The sounds of voices, footsteps and horse hooves rearranged in the mud, near and far crackling of firewood merged into one oscillating rumble.
Now the invisible river no longer flowed, as before, in the darkness, but as if after a storm the gloomy sea was laying down and trembling. Rostov senselessly looked and listened to what was happening in front of him and around him. An infantry soldier walked up to the fire, squatted down, put his hands into the fire and turned away his face.
“Nothing, your honor?” he said, addressing Tushin inquiringly. - Here he strayed from the company, your honor; I don't know where. Trouble!
Together with the soldier, an infantry officer with a bandaged cheek came up to the fire and, turning to Tushin, asked to be ordered to move a tiny gun in order to transport the wagon. After the company commander, two soldiers ran into the fire. They swore desperately and fought, pulling out some kind of boot from each other.
- How did you raise it! Look, clever, one shouted in a hoarse voice.
Then a thin, pale soldier with a bloody collar tied around his neck came up and demanded water from the gunners in an angry voice.
- Well, to die, or something, like a dog? he said.
Tushin ordered to give him water. Then a cheerful soldier ran up, asking for a light in the infantry.
- A hot fire in the infantry! Happily stay, countrywomen, thank you for the light, we will give back with a percentage, ”he said, taking the reddening firebrand somewhere into the darkness.
Behind this soldier, four soldiers, carrying something heavy on their greatcoats, walked past the fire. One of them stumbled.
“Look, hell, they put firewood on the road,” he grumbled.
- It's over, why wear it? one of them said.
- Well, you!
And they disappeared into the darkness with their burden.
- What? hurts? Tushin asked Rostov in a whisper.
- Hurts.
- Your honor, to the general. Here they are standing in a hut, - said the fireworks, approaching Tushin.
- Now, dove.
Tushin got up and, buttoning his overcoat and recovering, walked away from the fire ...
Not far from the fire of the artillerymen, in a hut prepared for him, Prince Bagration was sitting at dinner, talking with some of the commanders of the units who had gathered at his place. There was an old man with half-closed eyes, greedily nibbling at a mutton bone, and a twenty-two-year-old impeccable general, flushed from a glass of vodka and dinner, and a staff officer with a personalized ring, and Zherkov, uneasily looking around at everyone, and Prince Andrei, pale, with pursed lips and feverishly shining eyes.
In the hut stood a taken French banner leaning in a corner, and the auditor, with a naive face, felt the fabric of the banner and, perplexed, shook his head, perhaps because he was really interested in the appearance of the banner, or maybe because it was hard for him. hungry to look at dinner, for which he did not get the device. In a neighboring hut there was a French colonel taken prisoner by the dragoons. Our officers crowded around him, examining him. Prince Bagration thanked individual commanders and asked about the details of the case and about the losses. The regimental commander, who presented himself near Braunau, reported to the prince that as soon as the case began, he retreated from the forest, gathered woodcutters and, letting them past him, with two battalions hit with bayonets and overturned the French.
- As I saw, Your Excellency, that the first battalion was upset, I stood on the road and thought: “I will let these ones pass and meet with battle fire”; did so.
The regimental commander so wanted to do this, he was so sorry that he did not have time to do this, that it seemed to him that all this had definitely happened. Maybe it even really happened? Was it possible to make out in this confusion what was and what was not?
“Moreover, I must note, Your Excellency,” he continued, recalling Dolokhov’s conversation with Kutuzov and his last meeting with the demoted one, “that the private, demoted Dolokhov, captured a French officer in front of my eyes and especially distinguished himself.
“Here, Your Excellency, I saw the attack of the Pavlogradites,” Zherkov, looking around uneasily, intervened, who did not see the hussars at all that day, but only heard about them from an infantry officer. - They crushed two squares, your excellency.
Some smiled at Zherkov's words, as they always expected a joke from him; but, noticing that what he said was also leaning towards the glory of our weapons and of the present day, they took on a serious expression, although many knew very well that what Zherkov said was a lie, based on nothing. Prince Bagration turned to the old colonel.
- Thank you all, gentlemen, all units acted heroically: infantry, cavalry and artillery. How are two guns left in the center? he asked, looking for someone with his eyes. (Prince Bagration did not ask about the guns on the left flank; he already knew that all the guns were thrown there at the very beginning of the case.) “I think I asked you,” he turned to the staff officer on duty.
- One was hit, - the officer on duty answered, - and the other, I cannot understand; I myself was there all the time and took orders, and I had just left... It was hot, really,' he added modestly.
Someone said that Captain Tushin was standing here near the village itself, and that he had already been sent for.
“Yes, here you were,” said Prince Bagration, turning to Prince Andrei.
“Well, we didn’t get together a bit,” said the officer on duty at the headquarters, smiling pleasantly at Bolkonsky.
“I didn’t have the pleasure of seeing you,” Prince Andrei said coldly and curtly.
Everyone was silent. Tushin appeared on the threshold, timidly making his way from behind the generals. Bypassing the generals in a cramped hut, embarrassed, as always, at the sight of his superiors, Tushin did not see the flagpole and stumbled on it. Several voices laughed.
How was the weapon left? Bagration asked, frowning not so much at the captain as at those laughing, among whom Zherkov's voice was the loudest.
Tushin now only, at the sight of the formidable authorities, in all horror imagined his guilt and shame in the fact that he, having remained alive, had lost two guns. He was so excited that until now he had no time to think about it. The laughter of the officers confused him even more. He stood in front of Bagration with a trembling lower jaw and barely said:
“I don’t know… Your Excellency… There were no people, Your Excellency.”
- You could take it from cover!
That there was no cover, Tushin did not say this, although it was the absolute truth. He was afraid to let the other boss down by this and silently, with fixed eyes, looked straight into Bagration's face, just as a student who has gone astray looks into the examiner's eyes.
The silence was quite long. Prince Bagration, apparently not wanting to be strict, did not have anything to say; the rest did not dare to intervene in the conversation. Prince Andrei looked at Tushin from under his brows, and his fingers moved nervously.
“Your Excellency,” Prince Andrei interrupted the silence with his harsh voice, “you deigned to send me to Captain Tushin’s battery. I was there and found two-thirds of the men and horses killed, two guns mangled, and no cover.
Prince Bagration and Tushin were now equally stubbornly looking at Bolkonsky, who spoke with restraint and excitement.
“And if, Your Excellency, let me express my opinion,” he continued, “the success of the day we owe most of all to the action of this battery and the heroic stamina of Captain Tushin with his company,” said Prince Andrei and, without waiting for an answer, immediately got up and walked away from the table.
Prince Bagration looked at Tushin and, apparently not wanting to show distrust of Bolkonsky's sharp judgment and, at the same time, feeling unable to fully believe him, bowed his head and told Tushin that he could go. Prince Andrew followed him.
“Thank you, you helped me out, my dear,” Tushin told him.
Prince Andrei glanced at Tushin and, without saying anything, walked away from him. Prince Andrei was sad and hard. It was all so strange, so unlike what he had hoped.

"Who are they? Why are they? What do they need? And when will it all end?" thought Rostov, looking at the changing shadows before him. The pain in my arm was getting worse and worse. Sleep became irresistible, red circles jumped in my eyes, and the impression of these voices and these faces and the feeling of loneliness merged with the feeling of pain. It was they, these soldiers, wounded and unwounded, it was they who pressed, and weighed, and twisted the veins, and burned the meat in his broken arm and shoulder. To get rid of them, he closed his eyes.
He forgot himself for one minute, but in this short interval of oblivion he saw countless objects in a dream: he saw his mother and her big white hand, saw Sonya's thin shoulders, Natasha's eyes and laughter, and Denisov with his voice and mustache, and Telyanin , and all his history with Telyanin and Bogdanych. This whole story was one and the same, that this soldier with a sharp voice, and this and that whole story, and this and that soldier so painfully, relentlessly held, crushed, and all in one direction pulled his hand. He tried to move away from them, but they did not let go of his hair, not even for a second on his shoulder. It wouldn't hurt, it would be great if they didn't pull it; but it was impossible to get rid of them.

Description

The translation of 39 canonical books of the Old Testament was carried out from Hebrew (Masoretic text) with some consideration of the Septuagint and the Church Slavonic text. Ten non-canonical books are translated from the Greek, but one (the 3rd book of Ezra) is translated from the Latin Vulgate. The translation of the New Testament was made from the Greek original according to the edition of the Elzivirs, known as the Textus Receptus, with some consideration of the data of the manuscripts known by that time (primarily in those cases when they confirmed the discrepancies between the Church Slavonic text and the Textus Receptus).

Celebration of the 140th anniversary of the Synodal translation of the Bible in Vladivostok

Already after the publication of the translation "met a lot of critical remarks, both scientifically and especially in the literary sense." According to I. Sh. Shifman, the desire of translators to follow Orthodox dogma led to the fact that "as a result, the Synodal translation contains numerous deviations from the Masoretic text, as well as tendentious interpretations of the original." I. M. Dyakonov points out that this translation "does not meet the level of scientific requirements" .

Translation history

Translation of the New Testament

The history of the Russian translation of the Bible goes back to the Russian Biblical Society, created on the initiative of Alexander I, under whose auspices the work on translation began around the same time. The idea of establishing the Russian Bible Society was inspired by the booming movement of Bible Societies in Europe at that time and reflected the unprecedented openness of Russia during the period of Alexander I to European culture.

The translation was supervised by Archimandrite Filaret (Drozdov), Vice-President of the Russian Bible Society. The principles of the translation of the New Testament were set forth in the decision of the Commission of Theological Schools of March 16, 1816, which, apparently, was written by Filaret. It was assumed that it was significant that the original Greek text would be the basis of the Russian translation, in contrast to the simple "arrangement of the New Testament from the ancient Slavic into the new Russian dialect" in Golitsyn's report.

The translation was approved for publication by the Translation Committee, established under the Russian Bible Society, which (as well as the Commission of Theological Schools) included members of the Synod - Metropolitan Mikhail (Desnitsky) of Novgorod and St. Petersburg and Archbishop Seraphim (Glagolevsky) of Tver.

Resumption of transfers

Alternative translations

Meaning

The publication of the Synodal translation led to the mass and spontaneous emergence of circles for the study of the Bible among the peasantry (the Stundism movement). Subsequently, this movement, in the main, merged into Baptism.

Notes

Smolich I.K. History of the Russian Church (1700-1917) // History of the Russian Church Book. 8 (commemorative edition). M., 1997. From 6-8
Seleznev M. G. The Hebrew Text of the Bible and the Septuagint: Two Originals, Two Translations? // XVIII yearly. theological conf. PSTGU: Materials. - M., 2008. - S. 56-61.
Jungerov P. A. Introduction to the Old Testament. History of translations of the Old Testament books. Russian translation
Prot. A. Emelyanov. New Testament. Introductory part. / Lectures. M.: PSTBI, 1997. Lecture 6. Translations into Russian
Why do ECB use the Synodal translation of the Bible?
Preface. // Bible. Modern Russian translation. Moscow: Russian Bible Society, 2011, p. 7.
Shifman I. Sh. The Old Testament and Its World. M., 1987. S. 224.
History of the Ancient East. T. 1. The origin of the most ancient class societies and the first centers of slave-owning civilization. Part 2. Western Asia. Egypt. M.: Nauka, 1988. S. 593.
Significance of RBO translations in the creation of the Synodal translation.
Bible. IV. Translations → Into Slavonic languages → Russian // Orthodox encyclopedia. - M.: Church-Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia", 2002. - T. V. - S. 120-200. - 752 p. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89572-010-2.

Portal for the student. Self-training

Translators - people and computer programs. The problem of untranslatability, sociocultural component

Topics

EN

See also other dictionaries:

Books

Topics

EN

See also other dictionaries:

Books

Community unity

Translation Status

Acute problems ru-wiki

Articles in the process of translation

Page titles

Pages with titles in English

Pages with titles in Russian

Automatic formatting "as in Wikipedia"

Capabilities

Peculiarities

see also

Write a review on the article "Yandex.Translate"

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Links

An excerpt characterizing Yandex.Translate

Description

Related videos

Translation history

Translation of the New Testament

Resumption of transfers

Alternative translations

Meaning

Notes

Portal for the student. Self-training

Topics

EN

See also other dictionaries:

Books

Topics

EN

See also other dictionaries:

Books

Community unity

Translation Status

Acute problems ru-wiki

Articles in the process of translation

Page titles

Pages with titles in English

Pages with titles in Russian

Automatic formatting "as in Wikipedia"

Capabilities

Peculiarities

see also

Write a review on the article "Yandex.Translate"

Notes

Links

An excerpt characterizing Yandex.Translate

Description

Related videos

Translation history

Translation of the New Testament

Resumption of transfers

Alternative translations

Meaning

Notes

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