Ethnos (from the Greek Ethnos - people) - a stable set of people historically formed in a certain territory, possessing common, relatively stable features of language, culture, psyche, as well as a consciousness of their unity and difference from other similar entities, fixed in self-consciousness (according to Yu. W. Bromley)

Do you agree with the author's statement about the decisive role of the geographical environment in the history of the country and the psychology of its inhabitants? Give me a map of a country, its outlines, climate, waters, winds - all its physical geography, give me its natural fruits, flora, zoology, and I undertake to say in advance what kind of person this country is, what role this country will play in history, and not by chance, but by necessity, and not in one epoch, but epochs at all. V.Kuzen

Compare the points of view of O. Bauer and P. Sorokin on the nation. What signs stand out? On the basis of a certain production and distribution of means of subsistence, a certain spiritual culture also arises .... A nation is always nothing more than a cultural community… A nation is a collection of people united by a common destiny into a common character…. (O. Bauer) A nation is a multi-connected, solidary organization, a semi-closed socio-cultural group, at least partially aware of the fact of its existence and unity. This is a group of individuals who: 1) are citizens of one state; 2) have a common ... language; 3) occupy a common territory on which .... Their ancestors lived ... P.A. Sorokin

Trends in the development of national relations 1. Differentiation is a process of separation, division, opposition of various ethnic groups in a variety of ways - the desire for self-development, national independence, the development of national culture 2. The development of national relations in the modern world

This is a process of gradual unification of various ethnic groups through the spheres of public life Integration Causes: 1. Economic and political interconnection of countries; 2. The impossibility of states to live in isolation, which is associated with fundamental changes in the economy of almost all modern countries Trends in the development of national relations

Interethnic conflict is one of the forms of relations between national communities, characterized by a state of mutual claims, open opposition of ethnic groups to each other, which tends to increase in opposition up to armed clashes, open wars.

Ways to resolve interethnic conflicts 1. Awareness of the unacceptability of violence, the development of respect for the national feelings of all ethnic groups and peoples. 2. Pursuing a loyal, thoughtful policy that takes into account the interests of all peoples and nationalities. 3. Creation of effective international commissions, councils, and other organizations for the peaceful resolution of national disputes. 4. Granting national-cultural autonomy to all interested national minorities, which will allow them to preserve their customs, language, culture in general

"Plan-compendium on social science" on the topic "Nations and interethnic relations" Bunina Olga Vladimirovna

02/15/2017 Lesson in 8th grade

The purpose of the lesson:

providing conditions for the formation of a tolerant personality, the idea that in the modern world there is a diversity of nations, ethnic groups, peoples.

Lesson objectives:

To teach to see various approaches to solving the problem of interethnic interaction and to express their own point of view on this issue;

To identify the causes of interethnic conflicts;

To cultivate a sense of tolerance and respect for other nations;

Lesson type: A lesson in discovering new knowledge.

Lesson equipment:

Presentation, magnetic board

Task cards.

Lesson plan:

1) Organizational moment (1-2 minutes)

2) Testing, mutual verification (5 min)

3) Motivational stage. Determining the topic of the lesson (2-3 min)

4) Learning new material (20 minutes)

A) Problem situation (5-7 min)

B) Creative independent work (5 minutes)

C) Work with the text of the textbook, additional materials. Self-formulation of definitions: ethnos, nation, nationality (10 minutes)

D) Work with a textbook, voice what an interethnic conflict is, its causes (3 minutes)

5) Fizminutka (1 minute)

6) Creative independent work with the text of the Constitution (10 minutes)

7) Grading (3 min)

8) Homework (2 min)

9) Reflection (2-3min)

Literature:

1. Social science. Grade 8: textbook. for general education organizations / [L. N. Bogolyubov, N. I. Gorodetskaya, L. F. Ivanova and others]; ed. L. N. Bogolyubov - 4th ed. - M. Education, 2016. - 255 p.

2. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (taking into account the amendments made by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ, of July 21, 2014 N 11-FKZ), 2016.

Basic concepts of the lesson: ethnos, nation, nationality, interethnic conflict.

During the classes

Lesson stages	Teacher's work	Student work
Organizing time	Hello guys! Sit down. Who is on duty today? Name those who are absent.	The teachers greet and sit down. The attendant calls those who are absent, sits down.
Motivational stage	We all live in one of the most, I'm not afraid of this word, large states in terms of territory. This, of course, is Russia. But Russia is not only a territory... Russia is first of all people... Moreover, people of different origins and nationalities. Video "Russia is a multinational state". Children formulate the topic of the lesson. "Nations and International Relations".	Write down the number, the topic of the lesson.
Problem situation	Now I will tell you a parable and we will discuss it. (Assignment 3 on page 130) The parable of ancient times tells of two warring tribes living on opposite banks of the river. It happened that the magician met a man from one tribe and said to him: "I will give you everything you want, provided that the representative of the tribe living on the other side gets twice as much." And the man replied, "Gouge out one of my eyes." He wanted the one from the hostile tribe to lose both eyes. What do you think this parable is about? Explain how you evaluate a person's response to a wizard? We knowingly started our today's lesson with this. After all, it is the relations between different nations and peoples that have always worried and will continue to worry people.	One student reads aloud. The rest are listening. They think they give their answers. Suggest: This parable tells us that 1) tribal strife has existed since ancient times 2) tells us about greed and hatred (one for another) Assumptions: rude, associated with harming both oneself and another.
Learning new material	Before you begin to get acquainted with the material that is new to you, you will divide into groups of two people. Take the leaflet Appendix 1. Russia, USA, UK- multinational countries. Each row must choose from the list those peoples who live in these countries. Row 1 in Russia, Row 2 in the US, Row 3 in the UK. And now, guys, let's see how you distributed the nationalities in these countries? You see how many different nationalities can live in one state? What do you think, will there be conflicts in each of these countries? Therefore, the task of the leaders of these countries is to see various approaches to solving the problem of interethnic interaction; identify the causes of interethnic conflicts. With the help of the textbook and additional material "Nations", formulate the definitions of Ethnos, nation, nationality, find the signs of a nation The teacher supervises the activities of the students. In the modern world, there are certain signs, thanks to which we can say that a certain community of people is a nation, or something else. Let's write down the signs of the nation. Fizminutka. Let's turn to history. In the second half of the 80s of the 20th century in some republics of the USSR there was an aggravation of interethnic relations. Intolerance and conflicts on an interethnic basis arose in various regions. These conflicts were destabilizing for one and all. So what are the causes of these conflicts? (Working with textbook page 126-127) Based on the points written, we derive the rule: “Every person, no matter what ethnic group he belongs to, should feel like an equal citizen in any part of our country, have the opportunity to enjoy all the rights guaranteed by law.”	Write down the date and topic of the lesson. Name your options. They come up with their answers. Yes, they may occur. Write down the definition of "ethnos". An ethnos is a special historically emerged type of social group of the collective existence of people. Ethnos- this is what makes up the individuality, the uniqueness of the people, what distinguishes one people from another. Write down the definition of "nation". Nation- it is a historically established community of people based on a common territory, economic structure, system of political ties, language, culture and psychological makeup, manifested in the general civil consciousness and self-awareness. Nation signs: 1) common area; 2) developed economy; 3) the state; 4) national identity; 5) knowledge and respect for national customs, holidays, traditions; 6) a sense of national dignity and national pride. Write down the definition of the concept of "nationality". Nationality- this is a person's awareness of his belonging to a particular ethnic community. Get up and repeat the movements An interethnic conflict is one of the forms of exacerbation of the political situation, national relations within a multinational state. 1) territorial disputes 2) inequality of socio-economic conditions 3) language barrier “Every person, no matter what ethnic group he belongs to, should feel like an equal citizen in any part of our country, have the opportunity to enjoy all the rights guaranteed by law.”
Creative independent work	What documents determine the national policy in our country? 1. CRF (1993). Your task is this: to study articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation No. 13, 19, 26,29,65,69. See Appendix 2. Analyze articles, give examples, draw conclusions on: What constitutional provisions reflect the principles of national policy? Respect for people of all nations - art.26; Equality - Articles 19.69; The principle of tolerance (tolerance) – art. 13.29; - cooperation and democratization of national policy Art. 26.65 Explanation of the concept of "tolerance".	Documents defining the national policy in our country: 1. CRF (1993). 2. "The concept of the national policy of the Russian Federation" (1996). Constitutional provisions reflecting the principles of national policy: - respect for people of all nations - art.26; Equality - Articles 19.69; The principle of tolerance (tolerance) - art. 13.29; - cooperation and democratization of national policy Art. 26.65
Homework	§15, choose one of the countries you like and describe in a notebook their traditions, customs, cultural values.	Write down homework.
Lesson summary	Grading in a diary. Summing up the lesson, I would like to give each of you a handout: “Learning to live in a multinational society” See Appendix 3.
Reflection	Remember what ethnos, nation, nationality? 2) Is it difficult in the modern world for people with different ethnic groups, cultures, traditions to live in one state? 3) How to resolve ethnic conflicts?	They remember and answer questions.

Appendix 3

Learning to live in a multinational society

1. Do not forget that people of different nationalities have the same rights in our country, which are guaranteed by the Basic Law of the State - the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

2. Always remember that there are no good or bad nationalities. A person of any nationality can be good or bad.

3. Both in your studies and in your work, tune in to cooperate with people of any ethnicity.

4. If in the team in which you study or work, there are people who differ in ethnicity from the majority of the members of the team, be sympathetic to the peculiarities of their national culture.

5. If representatives of other ethnic groups live, work or study near you, treat them with the same respect as people of your own nationality.

6. Never use words and expressions that humiliate or insult people of another nationality.

7. Remember that people of other ethnicity have the same right to communicate with each other in their native language as you do.

8. If you live in a territory where the majority of the population are people of a different nationality, get to know their culture, respect their traditions and customs.

9. Never give in to the calls of those who would like to sow ethnic discord. Remember that cooperation and mutual understanding of the peoples of Russia is an important source of its strength and well-being.

Appendix 1.

English

Scots

Gaels (Highlanders)

Welsh

Irish

Americans

African Americans

Anglo Canadians

Ulster

Mexicans

Eskimos

Ukrainians

Azerbaijanis

Annex 2

Article 13

1. Ideological diversity is recognized in the Russian Federation.

2. No ideology can be established as a state or mandatory.

3. Political diversity and multi-party system are recognized in the Russian Federation.

4. Public associations are equal before the law.

5. It is prohibited to create and operate public associations whose goals or actions are aimed at forcibly changing the foundations of the constitutional order and violating the integrity of the Russian Federation, undermining the security of the state, creating armed formations, inciting social, racial, national and religious hatred.

Article 19

1. Everyone is equal before the law and the court.

2. The state guarantees the equality of human and civil rights and freedoms regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations, as well as other circumstances. Any form of restriction of the rights of citizens on the grounds of social, racial, national, linguistic or religious affiliation is prohibited.

Article 26

1. Everyone has the right to determine and indicate their nationality. No one can be forced to determine and indicate their nationality.

2. Everyone has the right to use their native language, to freely choose the language of communication, upbringing, education and creativity.

Article 29

1. Everyone is guaranteed freedom of thought and speech.

2. Propaganda or agitation that incite social, racial, national or religious hatred and enmity are not allowed. Propaganda of social, racial, national, religious or linguistic superiority is prohibited.

3. No one may be forced to express their opinions and beliefs or to renounce them.

4. Everyone has the right to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information in any legal way. The list of information constituting a state secret is determined by federal law.

5. Freedom of the media is guaranteed. Censorship is prohibited.

Article 65

1. The following subjects of the Russian Federation are part of the Russian Federation:

Republic of Adygea (Adygea), Republic of Altai, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Republic of Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Komi, Republic of Crimea, Republic of Mari El, Republic of Mordovia, The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan), the Republic of Tuva, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, the Chechen Republic, the Chuvash Republic - Chuvashia; Altai Territory, Trans-Baikal Territory, Kamchatka Territory, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Perm Territory, Primorsky Territory, Stavropol Territory, Khabarovsk Territory; Amur Region, Arkhangelsk Region, Astrakhan Region, Belgorod Region, Bryansk Region, Vladimir Region, Volgograd Region, Vologda Region, Voronezh Region, Ivanovo Region, Irkutsk Region, Kaliningrad Region, Kaluga Region, Kemerovo Region, Kirov Region, Kostroma Region, Kurgan Region , Kursk region, Leningrad region, Lipetsk region, Magadan region, Moscow region, Murmansk region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Novgorod region, Novosibirsk region, Omsk region, Orenburg region, Oryol region, Penza region, Pskov region, Rostov region, Ryazan region, Samara region, Saratov region, Sakhalin region, Sverdlovsk region, Smolensk region, Tambov region, Tver region, Tomsk region, Tula region, Tyumen region, Ulyanovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Yaroslavl region; Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol - cities of federal significance; Jewish Autonomous Region; Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Chukotsky Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

2. Admission to the Russian Federation and the formation of a new subject in its composition are carried out in the manner established by the federal constitutional law.

Article 69

The Russian Federation guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

• Plan:

• ethnic communities

• National identity

• The development of interethnic relations in the modern world

• Nationalism. Interethnic conflicts and ways to overcome them

• National politics

Social communities - a relatively stable set of people, characterized by more or less the same features of conditions and lifestyles, mass consciousness, to one degree or another by the commonality of social norms, value systems and interests

Ethnos - a stable set of people historically established in a certain territory who have common, relatively stable features of language, culture and psyche, as well as a consciousness of their unity and difference from other similar entities

Different approaches to understanding the essence of ethnic groups, their genesis and the diversity of the population of the Earth

• Natural-biological or racial-anthropological approach about the inequality of human races, the cultural superiority of the white, Caucasoid race. (J. Gobineau, J. Lapouge) The imperfection of racial characteristics is the basis of the cultural backwardness of nations and nationalities.

• "Passive theory of ethnogenesis" L. N. Gumilyov. Ethnos is a natural, biological, geographical phenomenon. Ethnos is the result of the adaptation of the human group to the natural and climatic conditions of habitat. Passionarity is a certain characteristic of human behavior and natural properties.

• Sociocultural approach to understanding the essence of ethnic groups: ethnic communities are components of the social structure of society.

• The concept of the nation by P. Sorokin is a decisive role in the formation of the Nazis, statehood, language, territory.

• Marxist theory - ecological relations - the main basis of nation formation

National identity

• National identity - a set of social, moral, political, economic, aesthetic, religious, philosophical views that characterize the content, level and characteristics of the spiritual development of the nation.

• national interest - the totality of the needs and aspirations of the peoples of this or that state in creating the necessary living conditions for themselves, the consciousness of their sovereignty, the establishment of mutual relations with the peoples of other countries.

• national interest - this is an expression of the needs of any one dominant ethnic group (indigenous nation)

Interethnic differentiation is a process of separation, separation, confrontation of various nations, ethnic groups and peoples in a variety of ways.

Interethnic integration is the process of gradual unification of various ethnic groups, peoples and nations through the spheres of public life

• Causes:

• The inability of the state to live in isolation, which is associated with specific changes in the economy of almost all modern countries.

• Economic and political interconnection of countries.

Features of the development of modern relations between the Russian nation and other ethnic groups:

• Loss of the former high status of the Russian nation.

• The growth of separatist tendencies in Russia.

• Demographic and migration processes.

Nationalism

• Nationalism- ideology and politics, which are based on the ideas of national exclusivity and superiority, the desire for national isolation, parochialism, distrust of other nations.

• International conflict - one of the forms of relations between national communities, characterized by a state of mutual claims, open opposition of ethnic groups, peoples and nations to each other, which tends to increase opposition up to armed clashes, open wars.

Causes of interethnic conflicts

• The complication of the socio-economic development of the countries of the world, the existence of backwardness of many of them.

• Ill-conceived or deliberately extremist policies of a number of figures

• colonial population.

• Mistakes and miscalculations of the leadership of a number of countries in solving national issues

Ways to resolve interethnic conflicts

• Awareness by all people of the unacceptability of violence, the development of respect for the national feelings of all ethnic groups and peoples.

• Carrying out a loyal, well-thought-out policy of taking into account the interests of all peoples and nationalities.

• Creation of effective international commissions, councils, and other organizations for the peaceful resolution of national disputes.

• Representation of national-cultural autonomy to all interested national minorities, which will allow them to preserve their customs, language, culture as a whole

Types of ethnic conflicts

• State-legal (dissatisfaction with the legal status of the nation, the desire for their own statehood; conflict with the power structures of the state, which includes the nation).

• Ethnoterritorial (definition of the territory of the nation, national-territorial boundaries).

• Ethno-demographic (protection of the rights of the "indigenous nationality", restrictions on "newcomers"; the danger of dissolution of the ethnic group as a result of the influx of a foreign-speaking population).

• Socio-psychological (lifestyle change, violation of human rights)

Ethno-social conflict is a form of conflict in which groups with opposing interests differ along ethnic lines.

• Types of conflicts

• Territorial disputes, the desire for sovereignty.

• The struggle of ethnic minorities for self-determination, the creation of an independent state entity.

• Against violation of human rights, discrimination of language, way of life.

• Problems of refugees, internally displaced persons.

• Contradictions of a historical nature are the consequences of wars, mistakes in national politics.

Ways to regulate ethnic conflicts

• Recognition of interethnic problems and their solution by methods of national policy.

• The use of economic. leverage to normalize the situation.

• Creation of a cultural infrastructure of consensus (national societies and centers, national cultural autonomy, bilingualism), adherence to the principle of parity when appointing people of different nationalities to public office, support for national culture.

Humanistic principles of policy in the field of national relations

• Refusal of violence and coercion.

• Seeking agreement based on the consensus of all participants.

• Recognition of human rights and freedoms.

• Willingness to peacefully resolve disputes.

• Implementation of the ideas of humanism, democracy, good neighborliness.

Basic principles of national policy

• Harmonious combination of national and international interests, finding the optimal forms of correlation between national and international.

• Recognition of the right of every people to self-determination, to form an independent state.

• Priority of human rights over any interests of national sovereignty and autonomy.

• Rejection of any form of chauvinism.

Conditions for the harmonization of national relations

• The presence of the rule of law.

• The refusal of the national minority from separatism, the recognition of all powers in defense as the supreme power, the conduct of foreign affairs.

• Providing compactly settled minorities with broad autonomy and self-government, the right to decide their own local affairs, including local taxes.

• Recognition of the cultural autonomy of minorities, funding from the central budget, teaching, broadcasting in the language of the ethnic minority.

• The maximum shift of the center of gravity of making power decisions to the local, local level.

D/Z

• What is an ethnos, what are its main features? Explain your answer with examples from history.

• lesson plan - Nations and international relations

  The purpose of the lesson: to deepen and systematize students' knowledge of historically established communities of people.

  Lesson objectives:

  1. To form in students an understanding of the diversity of communities of people living on Earth.

  2. To acquaint students with the development of the national question and forms of interethnic integration in Russia.

  3. Show the positive and negative phenomena of nationalism.

  3. To develop a negative attitude of young people towards national and interethnic conflicts. Formation of a tolerant attitude of young people towards people of a different nation, religion, views.

  4. Determine the basic principles of national policy in modern Russia.

  5. Show students that Chuvashia is a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional region.

  Lesson type - combined - elements of a lecture, work with a textbook, heuristic conversation, student performances (advance task), multimedia presentation "Inter-ethnic relations of Chuvashia".

  Literature:

  "Man and society". Textbook for 11th grade educational institutions. / L.N. Bogolyubov, A.Yu. Lazebnikova, L.F. Ivanova. - M.: Enlightenment. 2004.

  School dictionary of social science.10-11: a guide for students. / Under the editorship of L.N. Bogolyubova, Yu.I. Averyanov. - M.: Enlightenment. 2006.

  Brief dictionary of social science terms. / Terentyeva G.G., CHI MGOU. - Cheboksary. 2005.

  Lesson provision: textbook, dictionaries, handouts, student reports, multimedia presentation "Inter-ethnic relations of Chuvashia".

  During the classes:

  1. Actualization of knowledge.

  2. Learning new material.

  3. Summing up the lesson. Homework.

  Lesson Plan:

  ethnic communities.

  national identity.

  The development of interethnic relations in the modern world.

  Nationalism. Interethnic conflicts and ways to overcome them.

  National Policy.

  Basic concepts of the lesson: nation, ethnos, national identity, national policy, nationalism, genocide, tolerance.

  Actualization of students' knowledge:

  Students are invited to recall from the history course the definitions of "Nation", "interethnic relations", "interethnic conflicts", "nationalism", examples from the history of manifestations of extreme nationalism (fascism, chauvinism, racism, genocide).

  lesson problem: Are there interethnic conflicts in Russia (in Chuvashia) and what are the ways to overcome them.
  Question 1. ethnic communities
  In the modern world there are various social communities.
  Social communities are a relatively stable collection of people, distinguished by more or less the same features of conditions and lifestyle, mass consciousness, to one degree or another by a commonality of social norms, value systems and interests.
  Types of communities: family, clan, tribe, classes, social group, nationalities, nations, professional communities, labor collectives.
  Let us dwell on the question "Ethnos - its main features and characteristics."
  An ethnos is a stable set of people historically established in a certain territory who have common, relatively stable features of language, culture and psyche, as well as a consciousness of their unity and difference from other similar entities.
  Ethnos
  Tribe Nationality Nation
  Ethnos features
  Language of the nation, General historical Family-Norms of everyday
  nationalities fate everyday behavior
  behavior
  Specific material
  and spiritual culture
  A nation is a certain form of existence of an ethnos, characteristic of a certain stage of historical development.
  A nation is a historically established community of people, which is characterized by a common economic life, language, territory, certain features of psychology, manifested in the characteristics of its culture, art and way of life.
  Signs of a nation.

  single race

  Religion

  Habits

  Values

  Solidarity

  Task: Read in the textbook on pages 222-223 an excerpt from the work of Ch. Aitmatov "White steamboat" and determine what historical memory is, why is it necessary for a person, people? Do you agree with the opinion of the author, prove your point of view.
  Question 2. National identity
  National self-consciousness - a set of social, moral, political, economic, aesthetic, religious, philosophical views that characterize the content, level and characteristics of the spiritual development of nations.
  National interest - a set of needs and aspirations of the peoples of a particular state in creating the necessary living conditions for themselves, the consciousness of their sovereignty, the establishment of mutual relations with the peoples of other countries.
  Question to the class: Give examples of the national interest of Russians, Chuvashs, Russians in general.
  Studying the history of the development of nations and nationalities, they single out such processes as interethnic differentiation and interethnic integration.

  International differentiation- this is the process of separation, separation, confrontation of various nations, ethnic groups, peoples in a variety of ways.

  Interethnic integration - This is the process of gradual unification of various ethnic groups, peoples and nations through the spheres of public life.

  Forms of interethnic differentiation

  Self-isolation in general

  Protectionism in the economy

  Religious bigotry

  Nationalism in various forms in politics and culture

  Forms of interethnic integration

  Economic and political unions

  Transnational corporations

  International cultural and folk centers

  Interpenetration of religions and cultures, values

  Reasons for interethnic integration

  1. The impossibility of states to live in isolation, which is associated with specific changes in the economy of almost all modern countries.

  2. Economic and political interconnection of states.

  An example of interethnic integration in the modern world is the countries of Europe united in the European Union (EU). More examples can be found in the textbook on pages 225-226.

  Question 3. The development of interethnic relations in the modern world
  According to the results of the 2002 All-Russian Population Census, 145.2 million people (citizens of the Russian Federation) live in Russia. Russia is a multinational country: Russians - 79.8%, other nationalities - 19.2% (Tatars - 20%, Ukrainians - 10.6%, Bashkirs - 6%, Chuvashs - 5.9%, etc.)
  The features of the development of modern relations between the Russian nation and other ethnic groups are built on the basis of:
  Loss of the former high status of the Russian nation.
  The growth of separatist tendencies in Russia.
  Demographic and migration processes.
  Question for reflection: What difficulties, problems connected with the national question, exist now in our country? What is nationalism?
  Question 4. Nationalism. Interethnic conflicts and ways to overcome them
  Nationalism is an ideology and policy based on the ideas of national exclusivity and superiority, the desire for national isolation, parochialism, distrust of other nations.
  A vivid manifestation of nationalism in the modern world was demonstrated by German fascism, which led the world to the Second World War of 1939-1945. the terms "racism", "Nazism", "chauvinism", "genocide", "Holocaust" became synonymous with fascism.
  Question for reflection: Do you think the national question became the reason for the collapse of the USSR?
  An interethnic conflict is one of the forms of relations between national communities, characterized by a state of mutual claims, an open confrontation of ethnic groups, peoples and nations against each other, which tends to increase in confrontation up to armed clashes, open wars.
  Task: Name the causes of interethnic conflicts.
  Causes of interethnic conflicts:
  The complication of the socio-economic development of the countries of the world, the existence of backwardness of many of them.
  The ill-conceived or deliberately extremist policy of a number of statesmen.
  colonial population.
  Mistakes and miscalculations by the leadership of a number of countries in solving national issues.
  Types of ethnic conflicts:
  Regarding the disputed territories.
  Because of the expulsion of the people from their territory and the return of the deported people to their historical homeland.
  Due to arbitrary change of administrative boundaries.
  Due to the forcible inclusion of the territory of the people in a neighboring state.
  Between an ethnic majority and a compactly residing minority (indigenous nationality).
  Regarding the lack of national statehood among the people and its dismemberment among other states.
  Types of ethnic conflicts:
  1. State-legal (dissatisfaction with the legal status of the nation, the desire for their own statehood; conflict with state power structures, which includes the nation).
  2. Ethnoterritorial (defining the boundaries of the nation).
  3. Ethno-demographic (protection of the rights of indigenous peoples).
  4. Socio-psychological (change in lifestyle, violation of human rights).
  Ways to resolve interethnic conflicts:
  Awareness by all people of the unacceptability of violence, the development of respect for the national feelings of all ethnic groups;
  pursuing a loyal, well-thought-out policy of taking into account the interests of all peoples and nationalities.
  Creation of effective international commissions, councils, and other organizations for the peaceful resolution of national disputes;
  Representation of national-cultural autonomy to all interested national minorities, which will allow them to preserve their language, culture, religion and traditions.
  Ways to resolve interethnic conflicts:
  Recognition of interethnic problems and their solution by methods of national policy:
  Use of economic levers to normalize the situation.
  Creation of a cultural infrastructure of consensus, observance of the principle of parity in the appointment of people of different nationalities to public office, support for national culture.
  Question 5. National policy
  An integral part of the political activity of the state, designed to regulate interethnic relations in various spheres of society, is national policy.

  Humanistic principles of policy in the field of national relations

  Basic principles of national policy

  Conditions for the harmonization of national relations

  1. Refusal of violence and coercion.

  2. Seeking agreement based on the consensus of all participants.

  3. Recognition of human rights and freedoms.

  4. Readiness for the peaceful settlement of disputed problems.

  5. Implementation of the ideas of humanism, democracy, good neighborliness.

  1. Harmonious combination of national and international interests, finding the optimal forms of correlation between national and international.

  2. Recognition of the right of every people to self-determination, to form an independent state.

  3. Priority of human rights over any interests of national sovereignty and autonomy.

  4. Rejection of any form of chauvinism.

  1. The presence of the rule of law.

  2. Refusal of the national minority from separatism, recognition of all powers in defense as the supreme power, conduct of foreign affairs.

  3. Providing compactly settled minorities with wide autonomy and self-government, the right to decide their own local affairs, including local taxes.

  4. Recognition of the cultural autonomy of minorities, formation from the central budget, teaching, broadcasting in the language of the ethnic minority.

  5. The maximum shift of the center of gravity of making power decisions to the local local level.

  Assignment: Having studied the section "National Policy" in paragraph 19, write out in a notebook the main principles of the national policy of the Government of the Russian Federation (pp. 229-230 of the textbook "Man and Society", § 19).

  Consolidation of the studied topic.

  Testing:

  Arrange the ethnic communities in the order of their historical development:

  BUT). nationality; B). genus; AT). clan; G). tribe;. D). nation.

  2. A modern nation can be defined by signs:

  BUT). single territory; B). mutual language; AT). specifics of economic activity; G). spiritual unity; D). kinship unity.

  3. Historically established groups of people include:

  BUT). nationality; B). classes; AT). states.

  Homework: § 19. Terms - learn. Tasks on pages 231-232 No. 3, 5.6.

  Viewing a multimedia presentation "Inter-ethnic relations of Chuvashia", prepared by students Grigoriev A, Yudina N., Yakovleva T.

  Certificate of attending a social studies lesson in grade 11 A

  History teacher - Prytkova S.V.

  The lesson was attended by: director for water resources management - Sheveleva I.V., deputy. director for BP - Lysikova Z.M.