In which there is a subordinating or coordinating connection, they differ significantly from similar phrases and simple sentences. Further in the article we will consider the main differences between the mentioned structures.
General information
If we talk about phrases and simple sentences, then it is fair to say that the subordinating relationship can only appear in the first version, while the composing type is more often used in the second. In the latter case, the task of converting to a common construction is performed, creating a series of homogeneous members. In complex structures, the coordinating and subordinating connection does not have such sharp differences. This is due to the fact that the same statement can be formulated using conjunctions of both types.
First difference
The use of composition and subordination helps to determine the semantic relationships that exist in simple and complex formulations. At the same time, there is a difference in the very structure of the utterance. Thus, the compositional connection does not create such clear boundaries. When using the second type of connection, parts of the statement are highlighted indicating the need to pay more attention to a particular fragment of the message.
Thus, we can say that the unions used in different variants differ in how they reveal relationships in expressions. In the case of a subordinating relationship, such types of relations as concessive, conditional-effect and causal, take an unambiguous form. At the same time, they are expressed by the unions "although", "because", "if". A coordinative connection in a sentence allows you to use the same union. It is the connecting element "and". But there are situations when the coordinating conjunctions "a" and "but", which are usually considered contrastive, can give the statement a shade of concession, conditions, consequences, comparisons and comparisons. In imperative expressions, conjunctions can create a condition in the message, which in the subordinating clause is expressed by the elements "if (instead, the particle "not" is allowed) ... then". Some interaction is found between composition and submission due to the fact that they cannot be considered absolutely opposite concepts.
Second difference
In complex constructions, the coordinative connection is an important independent element. But in simple structures, its task is to determine the relationship between members of a homogeneous sequence. In addition, a coordinative connection is included in a simple construction in order to enrich the statement with additional members. This is how it is transformed into a common one. In structures consisting of several parts, the coordinative connection is of greater importance.
Third difference
If we compare submission and composition with non-union, then the last two types of communication have much in common. This is explained by the semantic relationship within the structure. So, the coordinative connection reveals them in expression to a lesser extent. However, let's compare them in more detail. The writing connection is not only a syntactic, but also a lexical way of interaction. Thus, the relations that arise between phrases do not have a specific meaning, but only receive a certain characteristic. Coordinating conjunctions can also be combined with subordinating and various lexical elements. This creates a variety of syntactic constructions. As examples of the allied connection, one can cite various combinations of the service parts of speech "and", "here", "a", "well", "therefore", "because", "means". Subordinating conjunctions do not need additions, since they themselves can create clear boundaries for semantic segments.
Special cases
If a coordinating or non-union connection does not allow you to fully explore the relationships that exist in these sentences, then you need to turn to additional factors. They can be the general structure of the statement, as well as the introductory words, particles, various pronouns, turns present in it. In addition, inclinations and forms of time can highlight individual parts and indicate their features. In allied constructions, the meaning of the condition and the consequence is more noticeable when the imperative mood in the first sentence interacts (in the case of a complex formulation, its main part is meant) and other moods or other forms of time located in the second element (in the subordinate part).
Fourth difference
In complex sentences, the subordinate relationship is less multifaceted than in phrases and simple phrases. There are cases when part of the meaning of a complex structure formed from a set of simple ones is not realized. This may be due to the fact that a contradiction is likely to arise between the meaning of the subordinating union, as well as its complete change. An example would be the "when" connector. It is used in subordinating sentences. Its main value is an indicator of time. However, if the main part of the sentence describes any feelings, emotions, or someone's condition, then this union can turn from a temporary one into an investigative one. When in the subordinate clause something is evaluated, trying to determine the importance or significance, then the element "when" takes on the target value. In addition, this union may have a comparative meaning and carry an indication of inconsistency.
Complex sentences with different types of connection- This complex sentences , which consist of at least of three simple sentences , interconnected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection.
To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.
Often complex sentences with different types of connection are divided into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of coordinating unions or union-free; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one.
For example:
1) [Sad I]: [No friend with me], (with whom I would wash down a long parting), (to whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many merry years)(A. Pushkin).
This is a complex sentence with different types of connection: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected asylum-free; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses, with homogeneous subordination.
2) [lane was all in the gardens], and [the fences grew lindens throwing now, by the moon, a wide shadow], (so that fences and gates on one side completely drowned in darkness)(A. Chekhov).
This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating connecting union and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on everything main, joins it with a union so.
In a complex sentence, there may be sentences with various types of allied and allied connection.
These include:
1) composition and submission.
For example: The sun set, and night followed day without interval, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).
(And - a coordinating union, as - a subordinating union.)
Schematic of this offer:
2) composition and non-union communication.
For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet had time to subside: the doves murmured near, the cuckoo cuckooed in the distance.(Bunin).
(But - a coordinating conjunction.)
Schematic of this offer:
3) subordination and non-union communication.
For example: When he awoke, the sun was already rising; the barrow obscured him(Chekhov).
(When - subordinating union.)
Schematic of this offer:
4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.
For example: The garden was spacious and grew only oaks; they had only recently begun to blossom, so that now through the young leaves one could see the whole garden with its stage, tables and swings.
(And is a coordinating conjunction, so a subordinating conjunction.)
Schematic of this offer:
In complex sentences with a coordinating and subordinating connection, there may be coordinating and subordinating conjunctions nearby.
For example: The weather was fine all day, but when we sailed to Odessa, it began to rain heavily.
(But - a coordinating union, when - a subordinating union.)
Schematic of this offer:
Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connection
In order to correctly punctuate complex sentences with different types of connection, it is necessary to single out simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.
As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences as part of a complex one with different types of connection.
For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious hoarfrost] , and [this went on for two hours] , [then the frost disappears] , [sun closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].
Sometimes two, three or more simple suggestions most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence semicolon . Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of an allied connection.
For example: (When he woke up) [the sun was already rising] ; [the barrow obscured him].(The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)
In the place of an allied bond between simple sentences in complex possible also comma , dash and colon , which are placed according to the rules for punctuation in a non-union complex sentence.
For example: [The sun has long since set] , but[the forest hasn't died down yet] : [doves murmured near] , [Cuckoo calls in the distance]. (The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)
[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashes] : [there was an idea for an amazing story about Hadji Murad](Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connection: coordinative and non-union.)
In complex syntactic constructions that break up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex sentences or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining the internal signs placed on their own. own syntactic basis.
For example: [Bushes, trees, even stumps are so familiar to me here], (that wild clearing has become like a garden to me) : [every bush, every pine, fir-tree caressed], and [they all became mine], and [it's like I planted them], [this is my own garden](Prishv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a colon; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck its nose into this foliage] (to get a worm out from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the worn layer of old aspen leaves from his beak](Shv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a semicolon.
Particularly difficult is punctuation at the junction of the writing and subordinating unions (or a coordinating union and an allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection. However, at the same time, proposals in which several unions are nearby stand out and require special attention.
In such cases, a comma is placed between unions if the second part of the double union does not follow. then yes, but(in this case, the subordinate clause can be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between the two unions.
For example: Winter was coming and , when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest.
You can call me but , If you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.
I think that , if you try hard, you will succeed. “I think that if you try hard, you will succeed.
Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection
Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of communication
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
3. Determine (by grammatical foundations) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries.
4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (union-free or coordinative).
5. Give a description of each part (block) in terms of structure (simple or complex sentence).
6. Draw up a proposal scheme.
A SAMPLE OF ANALYZING A COMPLEX OFFER WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION
[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall is he me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I I decided
Associative sentences with a coordinative connection- these are non-union sentences that are identical in structure and semantic relations between their parts to compound sentences. These two types of sentences differ from each other only in the presence or absence of a connecting union (you can substitute a connecting union into union-free sentences, and, on the contrary, remove it from a compound sentence).
Structurally, such union-free sentences can potentially consist of an unlimited number of predicative parts, which is why they are called open union-free compound sentences (or open structure union-free sentences).
An open non-union proposal, consisting of several equal parts, names, lists a number of consecutive or simultaneous events or phenomena:
The moon is standing over a transparent mountain, The neighborhood is lit up with a false light, A row of cypresses lined up in formation, Their shadows ran into the unknown. (V. Ya. Bryusov)
Such non-union complex sentences are made out in a monophonic enumerative intonation, that is, all parts of the sentence are intoned in the same way. In addition, all parts of the union-free proposal are united by one leading theme. The order of the parts of an allied proposal is free, that is, you can easily swap parts.
Associative sentences with a subordinating relationship- these are non-union sentences, which are identical in structure and semantic relations between parts to complex sentences. Such non-union sentences consist of only two parts and are called closed non-union complex sentences (or non-union sentences of a closed structure).
The fixed (not free) arrangement of the two parts of the closed non-union sentence helps to establish semantic relationships between these predicative parts, that is, when the parts of the non-union sentence are rearranged, the semantic relations between them change or the sentence as a whole is destroyed. For example, in the sentence I was late: the car broke down, the second part of the complex sentence reports the reason, and in the sentence The car broke down - I was late, the second part is a consequence of what is reported in the first part.
Parts of such a complex sentence are formed with explanatory intonation (one part explains the other) or contrasting intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a very high tone, the second - by lowering the tone). The intonation depends on the semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence in oral speech, and in writing - the choice of a punctuation mark (colon or dash).
Different types of semantic relations are established between the parts of closed union-free complex sentences, that is, the semantic role of the subordinate part in relation to the main one is determined. The following varieties can be distinguished: material from the site
- An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the first part contains supporting words - verbs that require addition, explanation, distribution, which is the content of the second part: I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Yu. Lermontov).
- An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the second part reveals, concretizes, explains the content of the first part (often a single word or phrase of the first part): .V. Gogol).
- An allied sentence of justification and reasons is an allied compound sentence, the second part of which contains the justification or reason for what is said in the first part: I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here! (A.S. Pushkin). I am sad: there is no friend with me (A.S. Pushkin).
- A non-union sentence with a predicative construction of a consequence is a non-union sentence, the second part of which is a consequence of the action named in the first part of the sentence. Some non-union sentences with a causal predicative construction can be turned into sentences with an investigative predicative construction. To do this, it is enough to swap the predicative constructions: I opened the window: it was stuffy (reason). It was stuffy - I opened the window (consequence).
- An opposing non-union sentence is a sentence in the second part of which a sharp opposition is expressed to what is said in the first part: I knew about poetry from the very beginning - I knew nothing about prose (A. A. Akhmatova).
Opposition in an asyndetic compound sentence is often associated with negation:
Not for the songs of spring over the plain The road to me is a green expanse - I fell in love with a melancholy crane On a high mountain a monastery (S. A. Yesenin)Many non-union sentences are characterized by the ambiguity of semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence; these relationships are often not amenable to unambiguous interpretation: the boundaries between different meanings are blurred and not clear enough.
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On this page, material on the topics:
- what is a subordinating and non-union relationship
- complex with a subordinating connection from the works of Marina Tsvetaeva
- proposals for 5. non-union subordination. coordinating
- examples of sentences with coordinating and subordinating and non-union
- what are subordinating and non-union relations
Comments of the teacher on the studied material
| Possible difficulties | good advice |
| It can be difficult to distinguish between a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous predicates and a complex sentence, especially if one of the parts of the complex sentence is an incomplete sentence. For example: I was late because I forgot my watch at home. | It should be remembered that homogeneous members of a sentence can only be connected by coordinating unions. Do not confuse a coordinating union, linking parts of a complex sentence, and a coordinating union, linking homogeneous members of a sentence: I was tired and lay down to rest. - the union connects homogeneous predicates; I was tired, and I wanted to rest. - the union connects parts of a compound sentence. If there is a subordinating conjunction in a dubious sentence, then you have a complex sentence, the second part of which is an incomplete sentence: I was late because I left my watch at home. I was in a hurry, but I was still late. |
| A part of a complex sentence can be confused with a separate member of a sentence, a clarifying member of a sentence, an introductory construction, a comparative turnover. For example: Having rounded a high cape, the steamer entered the bay. Many gases, such as hydrogen, are lighter than air. I think his name is Ivan. | Make sure that this is a part of a complex sentence with an independent grammatical basis, and not any of the above constructions. It should be especially noted that the target turnover with the union to is the subordinate part of a complex sentence, the grammatical basis of which consists of a predicate expressed by an infinitive: To memorize the poem, she read it aloud six times. |
| If the subordinate clause is inside the main one, you can make a mistake in counting the number of parts of a complex sentence (in the answer options for a task of this kind, the number of parts of a complex sentence is sometimes indicated). | Find the grammatical foundations of the sentences that make up the complex. There are exactly as many parts in a sentence as there are grammatical bases. For example: He quickly learned what was then known in the field of mathematics, and even took up his own research. The basis of the first part: he studied and engaged. The basis of the second part: what was known. Therefore, there are two parts in a complex sentence. |
| It can be difficult to determine the types of connection between parts of a complex sentence with different types of connection. For example: It was impossible to stop: as soon as I stopped moving, my legs were sucked in, and the traces were filled with water. | The type of connection is determined by the union. Find conjunctions with which parts of a complex sentence are connected. If there is no union between some parts, then the connection between them is unionless, if the union is coordinating or subordinating, then the connection is respectively coordinating or subordinating. In the example above, the sentence consists of four parts. The first (it was impossible to stop) and the third (the legs were sucked in) are connected by an union-free connection, the second (as soon as I stopped moving) and the third (the legs were sucked in) are connected by a subordinating relationship with the help of a subordinating union as soon as the third and fourth (the traces were filled with water) - by a coordinating connection with the help of a coordinating union a. |
Difficult sentence. Types of compound sentences
In addition to simple sentences, complex sentences are often used in speech, with the help of which we express thoughts in more detail, linking them together.
Compound sentences are sentences that consist of two or more simple sentences. Simple sentences as part of a complex one do not have intonational completeness, do not have their own purpose of expression and are combined in meaning and in pronunciation into one whole.
The storm has died down, the wind has eased.
As it comes around, so it will respond.
The frost was terrible, but the apple trees survived.
Simple sentences are combined into complex ones in two main ways. In allied complex sentences, parts are combined with the help of intonation and conjunctions (or allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs). In non-union complex sentences, parts are combined only with the help of intonation (without unions and allied words).
The sun is shining over the lake, and the eyes are blinding from the glare(union).
Sentences with unions and allied words are divided into two groups: compound sentences, compound sentences.
Compound sentences are sentences in which simple sentences can be equal in meaning and are connected by coordinating conjunctions.
June turned out to be hot, and the windows in the houses at night were opened wide.
The moth broke the fur coat, but the mittens were like new.
Complex sentences are sentences in which one of the sentences is subordinate to the other in meaning and is connected with it by a subordinating union or allied word. An independent sentence as part of a complex subordinate is called the main one, and a dependent one, subordinate to the main one in meaning and grammatically, is called a subordinate clause.
If you are in Myshkino(adjective), go to Efimkin(the main thing).
I want to find a stone(the main thing), which you don't have(adjective).
Compound sentences with various types of allied and allied connection
If a complex sentence consists of three or more parts, then some of them can be connected with the help of coordinating unions, others - with the help of subordinating unions, and others - without unions. Such a sentence is called a complex sentence with different types of allied and allied connection.
I did not have any one too strong vice that would stick out more clearly than all my other vices, there was no picture virtue in me that could give me some kind of picture appearance, but instead of that, a collection of all possible nasty things, a little bit of each, and, moreover, in such a multitude, in which I have not yet met in a single person. (N.V. Gogol).
(This is a complex sentence, consisting of six simple ones, the parts of which are connected by a subordinating, coordinating and non-associative connection.)
Russian language grade 5
Subject: Complex sentences with allied and allied connection.Target: repeat information about a simple sentence, acquaint students with the types of complex sentences with allied and non-union communication; develop the skills of setting a comma in a complex sentence; develop spelling vigilance; to cultivate love for the mother, a kind and careful attitude towards her, tolerance towards each other.
Metasubject UUD:
Personal: have a positive attitude towards learning, cognitive activity, desire to acquire new knowledge, master new skills, improve existing ones.
Regulatory: accept and save the learning task, plan (in cooperation with the teacher or independently) the necessary actions, act according to the plan.
Informative e: to be aware of the task, to read and listen, to extract the necessary information, independently find it in the materials of the textbook, workbooks.
Communicative: ask questions, listen and answer the questions of others, formulate their own thoughts, express and justify their point of view.
Equipment: textbook, handouts, illustrations.
During the classes
I . Organizing time Hello guys! Good afternoon to the one on the left, Good afternoon to the one on the right, Smile to the one on the left, Smile to the one on the right, Together we are one family! Teacher: I'm happy for you guys! Sit down. We can start the lesson.
Show how ready you are for the lesson. Raise the textbook, notebook, diary, lower it. Raise the pen, pencil, ruler, lower it. Write down the number and type of work.(The number and type of work are written on the board in advance).
II . Updating of basic knowledge - In order to start a new topic, you need to repeat the details of a simple sentence.
Blitz Poll:
What is an offer?
What are sentences for the purpose of the statement?
What are the sentences for intonation, emotional coloring?
What is a grammatical basis?
goal setting Let's experiment: combine the last three sentences into one and read them. The teacher wipes the dots, puts commas, corrects capital letters to small ones. Teacher: - We had three simple proposals, but we made one. Which? Students: - Complicated Teacher: - And how did we separate simple sentences from each other? Students: - With commas Teacher: - Quite right “A complex sentence with an allied and non-union connection” is the topic of our lesson, and the goal is to repeat the information about a simple sentence, get to know the complex, with the types of connections between simple sentences in the complex.
Work with the textbook. Theoretical material . (work in pairs)
Practical work Students write sentences on the board under dictation, do syntactic analysis, determine the type of connection between simple sentences. Sometimes we don't listen to our mothers, and mothers teach us good deeds. (How many grammatical bases, by what connection are connected).Proposal design. - Finish the sentence at its beginning so that it is complex, do a syntactic analysis: I love my mother very much and I know that ... ..
Mom needs to be protected, because ...
creative work (in groups)
Make up complex sentences from the illustrations.
Summing up the lesson. Tests.
1.Find the false statement:
A) A simple sentence has one grammatical basis.
B) A complex sentence has two or more grammatical bases.
C) In a complex sentence, the following unions are used: and, but, but.
D) In a non-union complex sentence, simple sentences are interconnected by intonation.
2. Which sentence is complex:
A) We walked through the forest and picked mushrooms.
B ) The fog cleared, and the mountain ash star burned for a long time in the clear sky.
C) The wind walks on the sea and the boat drives.
D) Felled aspens crushed both grass and small shrubs.
3. Find a complex sentence.
A) The people recognized Pugachev's bell and the crowd ran after him.
B) When he left, a terrible sadness cramped my heart.
C) Some woman brought a horse to drink, but the horse did not drink.
D) Swamps and swamps, blue boards of heaven.
4. In which sentence there is an appeal. (No punctuation marks)
A) Willows hear the wind whistling ...
B) Bird cherry pours greens in bloom and dew with snow.
C) Rash you bird cherry snow sing you birds in the forest.
D) Secret messages shine like a rainbow into my soul.
5. In which sentence do you need to put a dash.
A) Quietly in the thicket of juniper along the cliff.
B) Trinity morning, morning canon, in a grove along birch trees, a white chime.
C) A convoy stretches across the meadow with a creak.
D) Mountain Shield is a rather large village.
Mutual verification. Grading
- Let's summarize the lesson. Who were we talking about? What topic was studied? What sentences are called complex? What groups are they divided into? How will you treat your mothers?
Reflection
In class, I thought about...
I have discovered…
The lesson helped me...
My feelings about the lesson can be expressed in words ...
Homework: Learn the rule paragraph 9 (p. 68); do exercise 111 (find complex sentences and write in a notebook).
