Quiz Before reading this chapter, take a short test.1. Most likely, I have never personally met sociopaths. Correct Incorrect2. All sociopaths are maniacs or would-be killers. True False3. Sociopaths are mentally ill

Elephant vs. Ant This great disparity is the reason why speaking out a new thought doesn't turn your beliefs around in one fell swoop. Even repeatedly repeated new installations, like the so-called affirmations, often do not work on their own. Why?

VM test (indicative test of school maturity - verbal thinking) I. Irazek Which animal is bigger - a horse or a dog? Horse = 0, incorrect answer = -5. In the morning we have breakfast, and at noon ...? We have lunch. We eat soup, pasta and meat = 0. Have lunch, dinner, sleep, etc. wrong

Quiz: draw a man and find out what kind of character you are

A very simple and very interesting psychological test, for which a sheet of paper and a pencil is enough.

The task is elementary - any child can do it. You take a standard A4 sheet and draw a conventional person on it. With the help of three types of geometric shapes: triangles, circles and squares. You can use these elements in any combinations, sizes and proportions, but in total there should be exactly ten of them in your drawing. Ready for a masterpiece? Now read the key and decipher the hidden meaning - and then take a couple more leaves - and go on researching your neighbors!

Reference. Psychogeometry was created by American specialists led by Susan Dellinger, and the psychographic test “Constructive drawing of a person from geometric shapes” was developed by domestic psychologists Libina. And they offer detailed interpretations - for a whole book! Pics, on the other hand, offers the simplest, shortest and most understandable version of the test.

To begin with, let's evaluate which figures you got more among the “organs” of a little man.

What does triangle mean

As many as three horns - this is not a sparrow sneezed for you! A sharp and purposeful figure in all respects. And she declares to us (in a loud and confident commanding voice) about perseverance and energy. If a lover of triangles aims with his corner at some boundary and tramples on it, only an avalanche will stop him. In some places such a comrade himself is like that avalanche: “Hey, follow me!” - and everyone is already running. And he shines on them. The triangle is always right. If you think he is wrong, try to compete with him. Gore!

What does circle mean

This figurine is the most feminine in character. Not in the sense that if a gentleman preferred it, then he has a problem with traditionalism. It’s just that a round-loving person will always prefer to negotiate, rather than swinging a pitchfork and throwing excrement. She sincerely pities Mumu, wishes peace in the world, can talk heart to heart without creaking or meditate on the lawn. Krugi know how to listen and understand people better than others. The classic representative of the round party is Leopold with his mantra about “let's live together”.

What does square mean

This design stands on the ground firmly and steadily. As is her fan. His logic is impenetrable, his persuasiveness is like that of the textbooks "Native Speech" and "Arithmetic" combined, willpower is measured in horsepower, endurance - the rocks will envy. Speaking of horses: he usually plows appropriately too. He has everything on the shelves - both in his head and on the shelves themselves. To unsettle him, you need ... well, except to burst into tears. Emotionality is not his part, it is for the round ones.

Having examined the work, count how many in your “portrait”: 1) triangles, 2) circles, 3) squares. Write in the form of numbers: for example, two triangles, two circles and six squares - 226. And what does this formula say about you? Yes, a lot!

1 type: organizer (811, 712, 721, 613, 622, 631)

At school and institute, you were probably the headman - well, or at least, you collected contributions from everyone for Sabantu. At work, you are the one who takes responsibility at a critical moment and in the end rakes it to the fullest. In the family - mommy or daddy, and not only in relation to children. Everyone - from a kitten to a grandmother - asks you what they should do. And if someone does not ask, unreasonable, then it is worse for him!

Type 2: performer (514, 523, 532, 541)

A person who knows how to do his job - with love, understanding and most often on time. You have no worse sense of responsibility than the organizer, but you prefer to answer not for everyone, but for yourself. Well, you doubt it, it happens: is it true that everything here is already perfect, but is it possible to improve it in some other way?

Type 3: dreamer (433, 343, 334)

The very talented who is talented in everything. And you can draw, and dance, if necessary, and compose a project. By the way, your writing is the best. Sometimes, however, the result is not fully applicable to reality - but what to do if the reality around you is so imperfect?

Type 4: Sympathetic (181, 271, 172, 361, 262, 163)

On your Facebook wall, all the stray dogs of the planet are looking for salvation, and your vest is ready to accept all the humiliated and insulted. It's called "developed empathy": you just don't understand what "not taking it to heart" means. And please don't show you "White Bim" or "Titanic"!

Type 5: subtle nature (451, 352, 154, 253, 154)

Sensitive and fragile soul, it is better not to turn over. Even if they don’t seriously run into you, you still worry: what if they didn’t think right? And suddenly in the depths of your soul you were offended? Yes, and you yourself know how to be offended, get excited and get upset - but they, callous people, will not even notice. However, your moods are changeable, you generally do not like monotony.

6th type: independent (442, 424, 244)

But they would not climb to you with their attitudes and prejudices. You are an artist, you see! What kind of artist is he? That's right, free! You always have a couple of brilliant ideas in your head, your own point of view and your own rules of life. It is not recommended to criticize you - unless, of course, who cares about life and reason. Because there is nothing!

Type 7: sociable (415, 325, 235, 415)

It is easier for you to say in words than to write in a report. Reach out to a stranger? Yes please, no problem. Call on the phone and get the information you need? At least twice. You are a genius of communication and immediacy itself. Sometimes being outgoing takes you to places you never expected to be. Nothing, the language will not only bring, but also bring back!

Type 8: self-sufficient (118, 127, 217, 316, 226, 136)

Unlike the previous type, open wide to everyone, you don’t particularly like to open up. You even avoid these wide open ones: you never know what comes to mind for these noisy and hectic bees. If anyone really needs it, knock on the shell and wipe your feet on the threshold. And in general, you need to take a closer look, wipe yourself off - and then already ... Sometimes, because of this feature, you have to stay and fight your problems one on one. Well, yes, you are strict with others - so, after all, with yourself too!

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Psychological test: House-Tree-Man. How to decrypt it correctly?

Psychological test is a tool that helps specialists understand the state of the psyche of an adult or a child. The simplest testing method is considered to be an ordinary drawing. If you know how to decipher it correctly, you can find out about all the fears and problems of the one who drew it.

Psychological test according to drawings - house, tree, person: transcript with interpretation for children

• If you want to know what your baby really feels, then ask him to draw a house, a tree, a person, and then carefully examine the drawing, paying attention to everything, even the smallest details. The first thing you should pay attention to is how hard your baby presses on the pencil when creating his masterpiece. If the lines are weakly expressed and barely noticeable, then this indicates that you are growing a timid and somewhere passive person who tries to be invisible.
• Also a bad signal is that the child very often uses an elastic band. This indicates insecurity and excessive anxiety. If a son or daughter draws with strong pressure, then this indicates that they are quite tense. In addition, be sure to pay attention to what colors the picture is made of. The ideal option is to use pastel colors.
• As a rule, this indicates that you have been able to grow a person who lives in harmony with his environment. But still, remember that the moral state of the children will continue to remain so, it is extremely important for them to feel your love, and it will be better if you show it tactilely. To do this, it will be enough to hug and kiss your child a couple of times a day.

Deciphering the colors of the picture:

• Red. Such a color scheme should not alert you in the way that open and restless children most often use it. Yes, sometimes they may not obey or even be naughty, but this speaks more about individual characteristics, and not about mental disorders.
• Blue. Most often, calm, balanced children who sometimes like to be alone with themselves prefer this color scheme.
• Green. Such a color scheme should alert young parents as it indicates that your baby lacks attention. If you do not try to correct this state of affairs, then with a high probability we can say that your child will grow up closed and will be afraid to trust people.
• Yellow. The predominance of such a color scheme indicates that a dreamy personality is growing in your house, who looks at the world around him through rose-colored glasses.
• dark shades(black, brown, grey). The use of such a color scheme indicates that your child has quite serious psychological problems that, without proper correction, can turn into a rather severe depressive state.

• Another criterion that you must definitely pay attention to is the placement of the house, tree and person in the picture. If the child drew the figures you suggested are very large and bulky, this indicates that your crumbs have quite high anxiety, and he cannot relax even when he knows for sure that nothing threatens him. True, in this case there is one exception to the rule. If a hyperactive child is growing in your house, then this arrangement of figures on a sheet can be considered quite normal.
• If the house, tree and person are located at the very top of the leaf (as a rule, the lower part remains completely clean), then this indicates that you raised a baby with very high self-esteem. In the future, such a child may have problems at home, in kindergarten or at school. Due to the fact that the son will consider himself better than everyone else, he will not be able to find true friends for himself and, worst of all, will not be able to fit into the children's team normally.
• A negative signal is very small figures located at the bottom of the sheet. Most often, children who have psychological problems draw like this. It is likely that your child has depression or very low self-esteem. Ideally, all the details of the picture should be drawn as proportionally as possible and in no case should they run into each other.

• Well, at the last stage, conduct a general analysis of what your child has drawn. Be sure to pay attention to how he portrayed a person and where he placed him. If a person came out very sad and very small compared to other objects, then this indicates that your child is very lonely and feels unnecessary to anyone. It is likely that you just spend little time with your child and the opinion has settled in his subconscious that he is not so important to you.
• Also a bad signal is the complete absence of facial expressions in humans. This suggests that your crumbs have a rather poor emotional state, indicating a terrible moral state of health. As for the house, it should also be as realistic as possible. Of course, a small child is unlikely to be able to draw an ideal home, but still, because he does this, you can understand how comfortable he feels in the family. So, if the house turned out to be very small and placed as if far away, then it is likely that your baby feels rejected or a stranger.
• If the house is of normal size and placed in the picture proportionally, then this indicates family harmony and openness of your crumbs. Also a good signal is the presence of doors and windows near the painted dwelling. The reason to be wary is a tree that seems to be hiding behind the house. Most often, children of very strict and dominant parents, who are trying to control every step of their child, have vegetation in this way.

Psychological test according to drawings - house, tree, person: transcript with interpretation for adults

As you probably already understood, a drawing can tell a lot about a person. True, in the case of adults, more attention should be paid to the small details of the resulting picture. Unlike children, they can already control their emotions and very often try to deceive the specialist by using the right color scheme or drawing with the right pressure. Therefore, the first thing you should pay attention to is whether there is a trickle of smoke above the house.

If a very thin stream comes out of the chimney, then this shows that the person is emotionally exhausted and does not feel warmth and care from his loved ones. Too thick smoke coming from the chimney indicates that the person is in a very strong moral stress. And the thicker and darker the smoke coming out, the worse the internal state of the person passing the test.

House decoding

• If a person has drawn a beautiful proportional house, which has all the windows and doors, then this indicates that he is in harmony with himself and with those around him. If the building is depicted without windows and doors, this is a sign of a person's closeness, which is most often provoked by rather strong problems at work. In this way, he is trying to show that he is not going to let anyone into his life. Also a bad signal is the presence of steps or stairs, which are not located at the door or window, but simply against a blank wall. As a rule, this is how a long-standing conflict manifests itself, which requires an immediate solution.

• Also pay attention to how the walls of the dwelling are drawn. If they are clear and clearly visible, then the person has no special problems. But if the lines denoting the outline of the house are very thin, almost transparent, then a person feels some kind of danger and is afraid that he will not be able to defend himself from it. Open doors at home indicate that a person has no problems either at home or at work, and is always happy to have guests. But if the doors are too large and occupy most of the wall, then this indicates that the man or woman has problems with self-esteem and at the moment they are trying to show their importance and irreplaceability.

• Another negative signal is the lock on the door, especially if it is very large. As a rule, in this way the subconscious of a person shows his hostility, closeness and aggressiveness. Windows can also tell a lot about a person. If they are of normal size and there are flowers on them, then this indicates that a person does not have any psychological clamps that interfere with his life. If the windows are almost completely covered with curtains, then it is difficult for a person to interact with the outside world, and he tries to fence himself off from it a little.

Deciphering a drawing of a person

• Most often, the presence of problems in men and women is indicated by the size of the person they depicted in the figure. The smaller and more noticeable it is, the more insecure the one who is being tested feels. In this case, proportions are also very important. After all, if, for example, the depicted little man has a very large head, then this indicates a desire to dominate others. A too small head shows that a person has problems with intellectual development, and he is very worried about this. If a man or woman does not like criticism and tries to distance themselves from unpleasant words, then the picture will show a person without ears.

• The size of the neck can also tell about internal psychological problems. A wide, but at the same time short neck suggests that males and females have character traits that they do not like, but they are trying to get rid of them. Too long and thin neck, as a rule, is drawn by people prone to aggressive behavior, unable to keep their emotions under control. And, of course, do not forget to pay attention to the hands and feet of a person. If they are drawn as clearly as possible, with bright lines, then this indicates that there is a man or woman in front of you, standing firmly on the ground and not afraid of any difficulties.

• As for the eyes, they also play a huge role in deciphering the picture. If a person draws very small eyes, this indicates that he is too immersed in his internal problems. The presence of too large eyes indicates the rudeness and assertiveness of the test. But beautiful and fluffy eyelashes give out a flirtatious person who loves the attention of the opposite sex.

Deciphering the tree pattern

• The more symmetrical and beautiful the tree in the picture is, the more harmonious the person feels. If somehow a part of the tree is larger or smaller than necessary, then this indicates the presence of psychological problems. For example, if a person draws a small tree and very massive roots, then this is a sure sign that he has some problems that he is trying to hide from outsiders.

• Very often in the picture you can see a tree whose leaves are poorly traced, but the trunk is very brightly painted over. This state of affairs indicates that the test-taker is not afraid to face difficulties. The branches lowered down seem to tell us that a person has given up and is not even trying to deal with the problems that arise on his life path.

• Pay special attention to what lines the tree is drawn with. If all the lines are clear, smooth and are not interrupted anywhere, then we can definitely say that you have an individual in front of you who is not afraid of life's difficulties and always goes to the goals set. If the lines are crooked and periodically interrupted, then this is evidence of indecision, cowardice and lethargy.

Description of the drawing according to the method of house, tree, person: how to draw and draw correctly?

• If you decide to conduct a similar psychological test for your child or just one of the adult family members, remember that in order to get the most accurate result, you need to give the person complete freedom of thought. You do not have the right to tell him how to draw this or that part of the picture. It is also strictly forbidden to push the test-taker to choose a particular color. All the time while a person will cope with the task, you will have to sit silently on the sidelines. And it will be even better if you leave the room for a while. Thus, you allow the person to be alone with you.

• Also be sure to take care of the place where the test will take place. You must create conditions in which a person will be as comfortable as possible. This means that on the table on which he will draw there should not be objects that distract attention. Ideally, only a piece of paper, pencils and an eraser should lie on the table. If a child is going to be tested, then in addition to the above things, you can also place felt-tip pens and paints on the table.

• With their help, the baby will be able to reveal his inner world as well as possible. As for drawing, there are no clear rules. You just have to give the person a task, and he himself must decide where he will start creating the drawing. All that will be required of you in this situation is to silently observe and patiently wait for him to finish.

While the person is being tested, you will need to record:

1. His reaction to the task
2. How quickly did he figure out what was required of him?
3. How quickly the test person determines the color
4. How long did it take for the person to complete the task?

After the drawing is ready, you can ask the child or adult questions that will help you get the most accurate result. But remember, you must do this in the most relaxed manner. Conversation with the baby, in general, is best done in a playful way. After all, the more he is relaxed, the more reliable information his subconscious will give out.

Test questions:

• Who did you draw in the picture of a boy or a girl (man or woman)?
• Is it you or your relative?
• Do you like what you drew?
• What tree did you draw?
• Why do you like it so much?
• Is this your house?
• What is your home made of?

In principle, questions can be different, the main thing is that they are related to the picture. For example, during a post-drawing survey, you can ask the test-taker why some significant details are missing from his drawing (leaves on a tree, windows and doors on a house, or ears on his head). You should also be interested in the not quite correct arrangement of the elements of the picture.

For example, obliquely growing trees or very skewed walls of the house. A person must definitely try to explain why he sees his world in a slightly distorted form. After you find out all the details that interest you, you can proceed to the final analysis of what the person has drawn.

Video: Psychoriunok. An example of the analysis of the drawing test "House Tree Man"

M. A. Shevchenko

Psychological drawing tests for children and adults

Foreword

Currently, the use of psychological drawing tests has become very popular in many areas of life. Their application is based on the principle of projection onto paper through a drawing of the psychological state of children and adults, reflection and disclosure of character, feelings, emotions, desires, identification of interpersonal relationships, etc.

In this book, in addition to the actual instructions for using a number of drawing tests, a brief description of the development of children's graphic manifestations, the evolution of the drawing and its psychotherapeutic significance, as well as an analysis of drawings that reveal the psychological and emotional state, and drawings made by both children and adults. A significant advantage of drawing tests in comparison with other methods of personality research, for example, in comparison with a verbal survey, is the absence of fear in the client (subject) during the testing process, which makes it possible to give the most accurate and objective assessment of his personal characteristics, emotional and psychological state.

In an accessible and simple form, the book gives a description of the diagnostic methods of foreign and domestic authors for testing children and adults; These techniques are based on art therapy activities. Some techniques of artistic expression developed and tested by foreign experts in the field of art therapy are presented; techniques contain valuable comments and explanations on their application.

Art therapy is a treatment method based on the use of artistic creativity. There are a number of specialists in the field of psychology and psychotherapy who believe that artistic creativity has a beneficial effect on health, and therapeutic techniques and exercises have a diagnostic, therapeutic, corrective, developmental potential and really improve the quality of psychotherapeutic, psychological, medical and pedagogical impact. The use of the art therapy method in pedagogical professional practice creates the necessary and quite organic conditions for the development of the child, taking into account his age characteristics and capabilities. The use of art therapy is also relevant as an effective means of psychological and psychotherapeutic influence on children and adolescents with various disabilities.

The methodological material presented in the book provides an opportunity for the specialist to choose those techniques that best suit the individual characteristics of the client (subject).

The book "Psychological Picture Tests for Children and Adults" is intended both for professional psychologists, psychotherapists, and for everyone who needs to be able to understand people - for teachers, doctors, managers. It can also be useful for those who wish to understand their own psychological state.

The book talks about the method of diagnosing a mandala drawing for children and adults.

Mandalas belong to the direction of art therapy and are used by psychologists and psychotherapists as a powerful method of in-depth diagnostics and integration, as a means of psychological assistance in a variety of human conditions.

Currently, there are many methods for diagnosing one's psychological state and self-knowledge. One of these methods is diagnostics based on the pattern and colors of the mandala.

Chapter 1

Drawing and psychological drawing tests

The evolution of children's drawing

The development of each child is very individual, but the undeniable fact is that a child can draw before learning to write.

Psychologist Rhoda Kellogg has collected and studied over a million children's drawings, showing that they evolve in a certain way - from the first basic "blobs" towards sequential symbols.

Kellogg proved that the drawings of two-year-old children are not aimless smearing of paints and 20 types of signs can be distinguished in them. Dots, lines and circles drawn by a child's hand reflect individual muscle movements that are not visually controlled. According to Kellogg, every child should be able to draw such signs, and children who are not able to do this are underdeveloped.

Rice. 1. "Doodle"

Tracing the development of a child from early childhood, one can see that the skills of artistic creativity, in parallel with pre-literate ones, develop in stages in a certain sequence. So, by a year and a half, a child is able to tap on paper or draw “doodles” (Fig. 1).

By the age of three, the child usually draws something that looks like letters, and also draws circles of various sizes, sometimes with two dots inside, so that the image can resemble a human head. Symbolically, a circle for a child during this period can mean anything: flowers, an animal, etc.

By the age of three and a half or four, the child already draws a torso to the head, often much inferior in size to the head; sometimes reflects elements of clothing in the image of little men. At the same time, the child begins to write large printed letters and numbers, often inverted in a mirror image (Fig. 2, 3).

Rice. 2. Numbers

Rice. 3. little man

Rice. 4. Horse

Rice. 5. War

By the age of five, the child already knows how to write his name in print and letters, an obvious meaning appears in his drawings, they are of a plot nature. With particular pleasure, five-year-old children draw various animals, birds, all kinds of household items, trees, flowers (Fig. 4).

Moreover, boys of five or six years old actively draw panoramas of military operations (Fig. 5), depict bloody scenes, and show interest in drawing comics. Girls most often draw beautiful girls and dolls in various outfits (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Girl in a tracksuit

In the future, at the age of ten, children have an increased desire to realistically display everything they see in the drawing.

From early childhood and throughout life, the psychotherapeutic significance of drawing remains invariably great for a person.

Chapter 2

Test "My family"

The drawing test "My Family" can be used for children from the age of four or five. The main purpose of the test is to diagnose intra-family relationships. In psychological practice, this test is one of the most informative.

Very often, parents evaluate the atmosphere of family relations positively, while the child perceives it in a completely different way. In an "innocent" children's drawing, one can clearly see not only the psychological state of the child, unconscious or hidden problems, but also his attitude towards each family member and the perception of the family as a whole. Having learned how the child sees the family and his parents, you can effectively help him and try to correct the unfavorable climate in the family.

Exercise

Give your child a sheet of A4 size drawing paper, a simple pencil, and an eraser. Ask the child to draw a family, including himself, and also invite him - if he wants - to add other details to the drawing.

The instruction can be even simpler if you just say: "Draw your family." This option gives great freedom, and the drawing itself almost always reflects family relationships, as they are in the perception of the child.

When the drawing is completed, it is necessary to ask the child to identify the drawn figures, and note for himself the sequence in which the child drew them.

IMPORTANT!

You should not ask the child to draw a family immediately after family quarrels; control or suggest while drawing, as well as discuss with someone the result obtained with the child.

In addition to the order in which family members are drawn, it is important to note how hard the child presses the pencil when drawing one or another family member, what is the ratio of the size of the drawing to the size of the sheet, and also how long the child draws.

When interpreting the completed family drawing, parents and teachers must also take into account the age characteristics of their child, the presence or absence of visual skills.

It is best to start evaluating a drawing with test indicators.

Test scores

(indicators of psychomotor tone)

Pencil pressure

Weak pressure - low self-esteem, sometimes passivity; asthenia, sometimes depression.

Strong pressure - high self-esteem, sometimes impulsiveness, emotional tension.

Very strong pressure (pencil tears paper) - hyperactivity, aggressiveness.

Changeable pressure is an indicator of the emotional instability of the child.

Meaning of lines and hatching

Broad strokes or strokes, the scale of the image, the absence of preliminary sketches and drawings speak of the confidence and determination of the author of the drawing.

An unstable, blurred image containing many distinct intersecting lines indicates increased excitability and hyperactivity of the child.

Lines that have not been completed indicate impulsiveness, emotional instability.

Hatching that goes beyond the contours of the figure is an indicator of the emotional intensity of the child.

Pattern location

The location of the picture at the bottom of the sheet means low self-esteem. Accordingly, if the drawing is located at the top of the sheet, we can talk about high self-esteem.

Drawing interpretation

1. A minimum of details made in the drawing indicates the child's isolation, and an excessive number of details indicates his hidden anxiety.

2. The family member that causes the most anxiety in the child can be drawn either with a very thick line or a thin, trembling line.

3. The size of the depicted relative, animal or object indicates its significance for the child. For example, a dog or cat larger than its parents indicates that the relationship with the parents is in second place. If the father is much smaller than the mother, then the relationship with the mother is paramount for the child.

4. If the child drew himself small, nondescript, then he currently has low self-esteem; if your own image is large, you can talk about the child's self-confidence and the makings of a leader. A very small, helpless figurine of a child, placed surrounded by parents, may express the need to take care of him.

5. If the child did not draw one of the family members, this may mean a negative attitude towards this person and a complete lack of emotional contact with him.

6. The one whom the child drew closest to his own image is closest to him. If this is a person, then he is depicted holding hands with a figure corresponding to the child being tested.

7. In the mind of a child, the smartest person has the biggest head.

8. Large dilated eyes in a child's drawing are a sign of a request for help or concern about something. Eyes-points or slits the child draws to a person, in his opinion, independent and not asking for help.

9. A person drawn without ears is a symbol of the fact that he “does not hear” a child or no one in the family at all.

10. A person with an open large mouth is perceived by the child as a source of threat. The mouth-dash is usually endowed with a person who hides his feelings and is not able to influence others.

11. The more hands a person has, the more powerful he is in the eyes of a child. The more fingers on the hands, the stronger and more capable a person is for a child.

12. The legs, drawn as if hanging in the air, without support, belong to a person who, in the opinion of the child, does not have independent support in life.

13. The absence of arms and legs in a person often indicates a reduced level of intellectual development, and the absence of only legs indicates low self-esteem.

14. The least significant character is usually placed away from everyone and has a fuzzy outline of the figure, sometimes erased with an eraser after starting to draw.

The picture speaks of the well-being of the child

1. If the child is happy to draw a family.

2. If the figures are shown in proportion: the relative height of parents and children is respected, according to their age.

3. If the child portrays all family members without exception.

4. If light or minimal shading is applied.

5. If all the figures are located on the same level, they are depicted holding hands (some variations are possible in the same sense).

6. If, when coloring a picture, a child chooses bright, saturated colors.

Drawing reflects red flags in relationships

1. If a child refuses to draw, this is a sign that unpleasant memories are associated with the family.

2. Excessively large proportions of parents - an indicator of their authoritarianism, the desire to command children.

3. If the child has drawn himself large, this is an indicator that he is self-oriented, as well as an indicator of confrontation with parents.

4. An extremely small image of a child indicates his low importance in the family.

5. By drawing himself last, the child thereby demonstrates his underestimated status among other family members.

6. If in the picture the child has drawn all family members except himself, then this indicates a sense of his own inferiority or a feeling of lack of community in the family, a decrease in self-esteem, and suppression of the will to achieve.

7. If a child portrayed only himself, we can talk about the egocentricity inherent in this child, his inherent conviction that all family members are obliged to think only about him, and he does not have to think about any of them.

8. A very small image of all family members is a sign of anxiety, depression, depression.

9. The image of all family members in cells is a sign of alienation and lack of friendship, community in the family.

10. If a child depicts himself with his face covered with his hands, this is how he expresses his unwillingness to be in the family.

11. The shaded head (view from the back) of the child means that he is immersed in himself.

12. The image of a large mouth, lips in oneself is a sign of hidden aggression.

13. If the child starts with the image of the legs and feet, this can also be attributed to signs of anxiety.

14. An alarming signal is the predominance of dark tones in the picture: black, brown, gray, purple.

The presence of other parts in the figure

The image of the sun or lighting fixtures is an indicator of the lack of heat in the family.

The image of the carpet, TV and other household items speaks of the preference given to them by the child.

If a child draws a doll or a dog, this may mean that he is looking for communication with animals and toys due to a lack of warmth in the family.

Clouds, and especially clouds, can be a sign of negative emotions in a child.

By portraying the house instead of the family, the child shows his unwillingness to be in the family.

Color in the picture

Very often, the child shows a desire to color the picture. In this case, he should be given a box of colored pencils (at least 12 colors) and given complete freedom. What do the colors mean, and what can an additionally colored picture tell about?

1. Bright, light, saturated colors indicate a high vitality of the child and his optimism.

2. The predominance of gray and black colors in the drawing emphasizes the lack of cheerfulness and speaks of the child's fears.

3. If a child has painted himself in one color, and if this color is repeated in the image of another family member, then the child feels special sympathy for him.

4. Refusal to use colored pencils can mean low self-esteem and anxiety.

5. The preference for red tones in the picture indicates the emotional intensity of the child.

Analysis of drawings for the test "My family"

Veronica, 19 years old

Veronica is from a prosperous family, but the girl is somewhat reserved, and this worries her mother. Therefore, it was decided to conduct a test. At the request to portray her family, Veronika began to paint with desire and very diligently (Fig. 7). She drew her father first, then her mother, then her little sister, the cat, and lastly herself. Thus, apparently, Veronica evaluates herself as an insignificant member of the family. The family is friendly, as everyone is drawn holding hands and on the same level. The hands of all family members are drawn, and this is also an important indicator of normal intra-family communication. True, dad keeps his hands in his pockets, which indicates his closed position in the family and some isolation in communication. All have clearly defined feet, which indicates the confidence in the positions of all family members. In general, the drawing turned out to be positive and well reflecting the psychological climate of the family.

Rice. 7. From left to right: cat, father, mother, sister, Veronica

Nikolay, 6 years old

Recently, Nikolai's mother has been very worried about the behavior of her son, who has stopped listening to her, often showing aggressiveness. In the drawing (Fig. 8), the boy depicted all members of his family separately, which means that the child does not feel mutual understanding and family warmth. The absence of ears in all family members only confirms this. Everyone lives and hears only himself, ignoring the opinions of others: ears are the "organ" of perception of criticism and any opinion of another person about himself.

Rice. 8. From left to right: brother, dad, mom, Nikolai

But dad, with a big head, wearing glasses, he portrayed as the biggest, thus emphasizing his leading role in the family. The head is the most important part of the body, and the most intelligent member of the family, according to the child, in the drawing will certainly be endowed with the largest head. Nikolay drew himself closer to his mother, but taller than her, and this indicates a confrontation in relations with her and an orientation towards himself. The eye is also attracted by the fact that Nikolai depicted himself with a sharply exaggerated hand. A similar image of the hand indicates a high need for communication and that this need is not satisfied. The two-year-old brother is drawn last and at a considerable distance from Nikolai. It is very likely that the appearance of a baby in the family changed the inner state of the boy. Often the older child in this case begins to feel weakened attention to him, gets scared, worried, worried, jealous. The clouds in the picture also reflect some trouble in the family and the boy's anxiety.

Test "Dynamic family pattern"

The test is very good to conduct with children of older preschool and school age. The use of this test provides psychologists and parents with the opportunity to obtain more voluminous information about the distribution of roles in the family, as well as about the specific role of each family member through the eyes of the child. Thus, the "Dynamic Family Pattern" test can be performed both as an addition to the "My Family" test, and separately from it.

Exercise

To conduct the test, the child will need: a sheet of paper for drawing, a simple pencil and an eraser. Ask the child to draw a family so that it becomes clear from the drawing what each of the family members is doing.

Children are not always willing to take on this task, since the image of a person in dynamics often seems rather difficult for them. Nevertheless, it is this test that can serve as a good additional source of information, since usually such a picture of a family turns out to be very expressive and can tell a lot.

Lada, 14 years old

In the drawing (Fig. 9), the girl very accurately displayed what each of the family members does. First, Lada drew her mother, apparently returning from the store - she is holding a bag in her hands, on which “Magnet” is written. It is clear that basically mom goes to the Magnit store for groceries. Then Lada drew her older sister, who is studying at the university.

Rice. nine

Then - yourself, dancing to the music. Lada is engaged in dancing and is very successful in it. She drew her dad last, next to the computer.

If you look closely, you can see that the girl added a bow on the shirt to dad, thereby wanting to emphasize some of his aristocracy. Children always draw their parents the way they see them or want to see them.

In general, the drawing reflects the positive mood of the girl and the distribution of roles for each of the family members.

Animal family test

The test can be applied to both adults and children from the age of four. Due to the neutrality of the test, it is usually performed very willingly, so the drawing often shows a direct projection of real and actual family relationships.

Exercise

An adult or a child is invited to portray his family in such a way that each of the family members is under the guise of different animals. Then a sheet of paper is placed in a horizontal position, a simple pencil and an eraser are given out. At the end of the test, the drawing should be discussed.

As an example, a drawing of a family of animals of fourteen-year-old Lada (Fig. 10) is given, the dynamic drawing of whose family was given above. To obtain more complete information, the girl was asked to make a drawing of "Families of Animals", which would reveal the relationship of all family members and the emotional atmosphere in it.

Rice. ten

Lada willingly drew her whole family in the form of animals in the following order. The very first - the elder sister, depicting her in the form of a cat. Thus, the sister for her is the most significant in communication. Leo dad towers over the rest of the family, his hands are hidden, and this indicates the closed position of the father in the family. The hare mother is significantly inferior in height to the lion father, in addition, she is open and friendly. Lada painted herself in the image of a monkey. The monkey belongs to small animals and symbolizes briskness and resourcefulness. It is clear that these qualities should be manifested in the family and the author of the drawing.

The drawing is located at the bottom of the sheet, which indicates the girl's low self-esteem. This is also evidenced by the fact that Lada painted herself last.

Test "Family of Trees"

This test is applicable to both adults and children. It can serve as a good addition to all previous tests, especially when it is important to reveal the internal state of a person. Oddly enough, it is through the drawing of a tree that it is easiest to convey one's own emotions and psychological state, as well as family relationships.

Exercise

The test subject must be given a piece of A4 paper, a pencil and an eraser, and then asked to draw all family members in the form of trees.

Analysis of drawings for the test "Family of Trees"

Alina, 13 years old

According to the parents, the girl does not develop relationships with classmates, she has no friends. Behavior in the family has changed - Alina has become more withdrawn and is increasingly showing discontent and aggression. Naturally, this worries parents. The girl refused to draw a family, but she agreed to draw her family in the form of trees, although not quite willingly. As we can see (Fig. 11), in addition to her family members, the girl also depicted friends in the form of a climbing plant with many thorns - it is the friends that constitute the main problem. In addition, Alina herself, without anyone's request, wrote on the back of the drawing: "I want to make new friends and pull out these thorns, and then I will be happy." Alina painted herself in the image of a tree with red fruits, which indicates her aggressive state. Parents were advised to communicate with the girl more often, not to leave her alone and to be extremely calm with her.

Rice. eleven

The problematic situation was temporary and was due to adolescence, sensitive for the formation of communication skills with peers.

Sergey, 12 years old

In the image of trees, Sergei drew only his grandparents, who love him very much (Fig. 12). The drawing is unusual in that the boy was able to show the gender difference between his grandparents through the image of the roots, and through the branches of the trees to convey their interpersonal relationships. After the drawing was completed, Sergei wrote: "Grandma and Grandpa love each other." However, the boy is not an orphan, he has a mom and dad, who often go on business trips for a long time. The categorical refusal of a child to draw his parents probably has a good reason, and parents should think about their attitude towards their son.

Rice. 12

Chapter 3

Pencil pressure

Weak pressure - asthenia; passivity; sometimes depressed.

Strong pressure - emotional tension; rigidity ; impulsiveness.

Super strong pressure (pencil tears paper) - conflict; hyperactivity; sometimes aggressiveness, acute excitement.

Line Features

Dashed lines represent anxiety as a personality trait.

Multiple lines - anxiety as a state at the time of the examination; stressful state; sometimes impulsive.

Sketchy lines - the desire to control your anxiety, to control yourself.

Missing lines that do not fall into the desired point - impulsiveness; organic brain damage.

Lines that have not been completed are asthenia, sometimes impulsiveness.

Distortion of the shape of the lines - an organic lesion of the brain; impulsiveness; sometimes mental illness.

Eyes

Eyes absent - asthenia.

The eyes are empty, without pupils and irises - asthenia, fears.

Eyes with a blackened iris - fears.

Eyes with eyelashes - a demonstrative demeanor, the importance of opinions about oneself.

Eyes with traced blood vessels - hypochondria, a neurotic condition.

The shape of the eyes is distorted - a neurotic state.

Big ears - interest in information, in some cases suspicion, anxiety.

Lack of ears - isolation, unwillingness to make contact with others, to hear someone else's opinion.

Mouth, ajar in combination with the tongue: without drawing lips - great speech activity, with drawing lips - sensuality.

Blackened open mouth - ease of fear and fear, in some cases distrust, anxiety.

Mouth with teeth or fangs - verbal aggression, in some cases defensive.

Head

The head, enlarged in size, is an assessment of the erudition of oneself and others.

The head is missing - impulsiveness, in some cases a mental illness.

Two or more heads - conflicting desires, internal conflict.

The shape of the head is distorted - an organic lesion of the brain, in some cases a mental illness.

Figure

Many components and elements - a powerful energy.

A small number of components and elements - energy savings, asthenia.

A figure consisting of sharp corners is aggressiveness. A circular figure - secrecy, isolation, closeness of one's inner world.