Compound sentences with explanatory conjunctions examples. Compound sentences with an adversative conjunction but

It was understood as a combination of simple sentences, achieved with the help of certain syntactic means and characterized by semantic, constructive and intonational integrity. But its parts are not simple sentences, because: 1) they often cannot be independent communicative units, but exist only as part of a complex one; 2) do not have intonation completeness; 3) the entire sentence fully answers one information question, i.e. is one communication unit. It is more correct to consider them not as simple sentences, but as predicative units.

Classification of complex sentences

Let us analyze compound and examples and their classification. Let's start with the fact that both are complex. Compound sentences differ in the nature of the connection, the nature of the predicative units, the order of the parts. They are allied and non-union. Allied, which we will focus on in this article, in turn, are divided into compound and complex sentences (see examples below).

Compound sentence (CSP)

The structural-semantic classification of NGN is based on an important formal feature - the nature of the syntactic, formal dependence of the subordinate clause on the main one. This feature unites the scientific classifications of V.A. Beloshapkova and "Russian Grammar-80". All NGNs are divided into sentences of undivided and dismembered type. These are their distinguishing features.

Undivided type

1. The subordinate part is in a conditional position (refers to one word in the main), conditional or correlative connection (refers to a demonstrative pronoun).

2. One of the parts is synsemantic, i.e. cannot be a semantically sufficient communicative unit outside of a complex sentence.

3. Means of communication - syntactic (multi-valued) unions and allied words.

Dismembered type

1. The subordinate clause refers to the entire main sentence: a determinative connection.

2. Both parts are autosemantic, i.e. potentially able to exist independently.

3. Means of communication - semantic (unambiguous) unions.

The most important feature is the first, structural feature.

Further classification of the dissected type of NGN is carried out taking into account the content, semantic aspects (such as time, condition, concession, cause, purpose, effect, comparative, comparative aspect that a complex sentence may have).

Examples from fiction and other suggestions:

It's been a few hours since I left the city (temporary).
If you can, come by two o'clock (condition).
Although it was already late, the lights were on in the house (concession).
I almost never have free time, music requires full dedication (reason).
To study well, one must work hard (goal).
His eyes shone like stars shine in a dark sky (comparative).
If he owns the thought, then he owns the form all the more (comparative).

The classification of non-partitioned NGN is primarily based on a structural feature - the nature of the means of communication, and only at the second stage - on semantic differences.

Types of non-partitioned NGN

1. With union connection: explanatory, definitive (quantitative, qualitative, qualification) and comparative.

2. With a pronominal connection: a pronominal-interrogative and a pronominal-relative complex sentence.

Examples from fiction and other allied sentences:

It's stupid that you won't come (explanatory).
The air is so pure, as if it does not exist (definitive, quantitative).
He spoke quickly, as if he was being urged on (definitive, qualitative).
All this happened as if there was no one in the room (definitive complex sentence).

Examples from the literature and other pronominal sentences:

It was necessary to hear how he spoke (pronoun-interrogative).
The house we live in is new (pronoun-relative, oriented).
Whoever applied, there was no refusal (pronoun-relative, non-oriented complex sentence).

Examples of sentences (grade 5, a Russian textbook will help you continue this list), as you can see, there are a variety of examples.

A more detailed theoretical part can be found in many manuals (for example, V.A. Beloshapkova Grammar-80 "and others).

compound called complex sentences , in which simple sentences are equal in meaning and connected by coordinating conjunctions. The parts of a compound sentence do not depend on each other and form one semantic whole.

Depending on the type of coordinative union that connects the parts of the sentence, all compound sentences (CSP) are divided into three main categories:

1) BSC with connecting unions(and; yes in the meaning of and; neither ... nor; also; also; not only ..., but also; both ..., and);

2) BSC with dividing unions (then ... then; not that ..., not that; or; or; whether... or);

3) SSP with opposing alliances (but, but, yes in the meaning of but, however, but, but, only, the same).

The semantic connection of simple sentences combined into a complex one is different. They can send:

Phenomena happening at the same time.

For example: And far to the south there was a battle, and in the north the earth trembled from bombing attacks, clearly approaching at night (in such sentences, changing the sequence of parts of the sentence does not change the meaning);

Phenomena that occur sequentially.

For example: Dunya got into the wagon next to the hussar, the servant jumped on the pole, the driver whistled, and the horses galloped(in this case, the permutation of sentences is not possible).

1. BSC with connecting unions (and, yes /=and/, neither - nor, how - so and, not only - but also, also, also, yes and).

In compound sentences with connecting unions, the following can be expressed:

- temporary relationship.

For example: Morning came, and our ship approached Astrakhan(compare: When morning came, our ship approached Astrakhan);

Unions and yes can be either single or repetitive:

For example: The transparent forest alone turns black, and the spruce turns green through the hoarfrost, and the river glistens under the ice.(A.S. Pushkin) - the described phenomena occur simultaneously, which is emphasized by the use of repeating unions in each part.

I shouted and echo answered me- the second phenomenon follows the first.

- action and its result.

For example: Pugachev gave a sign, and they immediately released me and left me.

- causal relationships.

For example: Several dugouts, which were especially heavily covered, remained completely intact, and the people, who had become chilled and exhausted by the battle, falling down from fatigue and the desire to sleep, rushed there with all their might to warm themselves;
I was unwell, so I didn't wait for dinner- the second phenomenon is a consequence of the first, caused by it, as indicated by the concretizer - adverb because.

Neither the sun I can see the light, nor for my roots there is no space(I. A. Krylov).

The narrator froze in mid-sentence, I also heard a strange sound- unions too and also have the peculiarity that they are not at the beginning of the part.

Unions too and also introduce the meaning of assimilation into the sentence. For example: And now I lived with my grandmother, she also told me stories before going to bed. Unions too and also always stand inside the second part of a compound sentence. Union too, usually used in colloquial speech, conjunction also- in the bookstore.

The union also has a colloquial character. Yes in meaning and .

For example: It was useless to hide the truth, and Serpilin did not consider himself entitled to do so.

2. SSP with opposing alliances (but, yes /=but/, however, but, but, but).

AT compound sentences with opposing conjunctions, one phenomenon is opposed to another.

For example: The storm was there, behind them, above the forest, and here the sun was shining.

With the help of the union, however, a reservation is transmitted to what was said earlier. For example: She could hardly force herself to smile and hide her triumph, but she soon managed to assume a completely indifferent and even stern air.

The sentences of this group always consist of two parts and, having a common adversative meaning, can express the following meanings:

She was about thirty, but she seemed like a very young girl.- the second phenomenon is opposed to the first.

Some helped in the kitchen, while others set the tables.- the second phenomenon is not opposed to the first, a matched with it (replacement union a on the but impossible).

Unions but , but indicate the reimbursement of what was said in the first sentence.

For example: The moose was gone, but nearby there was a sound made by some living and, probably, weak creature; He has a lot of work to do, but in the winter he will rest.

Particles are used in the meaning of adversative conjunctions same , only .

For example: The head still hurt, but the consciousness was clear, distinct; The war did not cancel anything, only all feelings became sharper in the war.

Union same like the unions too and also, always stands not at the beginning of the second part of the sentence, but directly after the word that is opposed to the word of the first part.

For example: All the trees have put out sticky leaves, but the oak is still without leaves.

3. BSC with dividing unions (or / il /, either, not that - not that, either - either, that - that).

In compound sentences with disjunctive conjunctions, phenomena are indicated that cannot occur simultaneously: they either alternate, or one excludes the other.

For example: In the sweltering air now there was a sound of pickaxes hitting stone, now the wheels of wheelbarrows sang mournfully; Now it was drizzling, then large flakes of snow fell- union then- then indicates an alternation of phenomena.

On Peresyp, something was burning, or the moon was rising- union not that -not that indicates mutual exclusion of phenomena.

Only sometimes a birch will flash or a spruce will stand in front of you like a gloomy shadow.- union or indicates mutual exclusion of phenomena.

Either the gate creaks, or the floorboards crackle- union either - either indicates mutual exclusion of phenomena.

Divisive unions or and or can be single or repetitive.

For a more detailed description of the types of SSP There are three more types of SSP: SSP with connecting, explanatory and gradational unions.

Unions are affiliated yes and, also, also, placed in our classification in the group of connecting unions.

Unions are explanatory. that is, namely :

For example: He was expelled from the gymnasium, that is, the most unpleasant thing happened to him.

gradation unions - not only ... but also, not that ... but .

For example: It wasn't that he didn't trust his partner, but he did have some doubts about him.

Compound sentence should be distinguished from a simple sentence with homogeneous members connected by coordinating conjunctions.

Compound sentences	Simple sentences with homogeneous sentence members
With a whistling whisper, centennial pines exchanged among themselves, and dry frost with a soft rustle poured from the disturbed branches.	And suddenly another beetle fell away from the swarm dancing in the air and, leaving behind a large, magnificent tail, swept straight to the clearing.
The stars were still shining sharply and coldly, but the sky in the east was already beginning to lighten.	Obeying this powerful feeling, he jumped to his feet, but immediately, groaning, sat down on the bear carcass.
The forest is noisy, the face is hot, and a prickly cold creeps from the back.	In good weather, the forest swirled with caps of pine peaks, and in bad weather, shrouded in gray fog, it resembled a darkened water surface.
For a change, a white cobblestone flashes in the weeds, or a gray stone woman grows for a moment, or a gopher crosses the road, and again weeds, hills, rooks run past the eyes.	I had to stand with my eyes closed, leaning back against a tree trunk, or sit down on a snowdrift and rest, feeling the pulse in my veins.

Complex sentences- these are sentences, the parts of which represent a single semantic and intonational whole, are connected by coordinating conjunctions. Varieties of SSP are associated with the grammatical meaning of coordinating conjunctions.

There are six groups of SSPs:

1) BSC with connecting unions (and, yes "and", neither ... nor ..., too, also).

2) Proposals with opposing conjunctions (a, but, yes "but", however, the same, but).

3) Separating unions (Or, either, neither ... neither ..., or ... or ...).

4) Gradational unions (not only ... but also ..., both ... and ...).

5) Connecting unions (yes, and moreover, but also).

6) BSC with explanatory conjunctions (that is, namely).

The conjunctions “Also, also, the same” express the relationship of comparison or opposition. Unlike other unions, these unions are used within a sentence. "Our fathers were looking for paths, we are building roads." "Everyone left the room, I left too."

14. Complex-subordinate sentence

Complex sentences- these are sentences, parts of which, forming a single semantic and intonational whole, are connected by subordinating conjunctions, allied words and demonstrative words.

All SPPs are divided into two groups:

1. Sentences of an undivided structure, when the subordinate part is attached to one word of the main part.

2. Adnexal dissected structure, when the subordinate part is attached to the entire main part.

1) - two groups of sentences: a) NGN with an adjectival clause that answers the question "which, which, which, whose." "The village where Eugene missed was a lovely corner." B) NGN with an explanatory clause, answers questions of indirect cases. "Don't joke about what is dear to another." (above what?).

2) All adverbial clauses are clauses of a dissected structure, as they explain the entire main part as a whole. These include: a) Time clauses (when?). "Before you enter, think about leaving." B) The subordinate place "Where the bipod plows, so the crumb of bread" (where?). c) Adverbial reason. “Happy is the bear that the shooter didn’t get caught, and the shooter is happy that the bear didn’t get caught.” (Why?). d) The subordinate clause of the goal “To recognize a person, you need to eat a pound of salt” (why?). Adverbial anti-purpose "He went to war to be killed." Negative result. E) Subordinate condition (under what condition?) "The donkey will turn out to be a donkey, even if you load it with gold." f) Adverbial concession (despite what?) "No matter how much it rains, the stone does not germinate."

15. Principles of classification of complex sentences.

By the nature of the ratio of the subordinate part with the main one, SPP is distinguished undivided and dissected structureIn NGN undivided structure:

1) the subordinate clause refers to one key word in the main part and extends it or replaces any word or combination of words;

2) the subordinate clause is attached to the main part through allied words and unions what, to, as, as if;

3) correlates - demonstrative pronouns and pronominal adverbs - are either obligatory or optional; they do not merge with unions that are simple in structure, being located only as part of the main part: I know that he will come; That he will come, I know.

In NGN dismembered structure:

1) the subordinate part is combined with the entire main part, as if adjoining it and does not have a supporting word in its composition;

2) the union serves to characterize a certain type of relationship: I returned to my hometown, so I can see places dear to me from childhood again.(investigative relations); I returned to my hometown because they were waiting for me(causal relationship) - therefore, the subordinate part joins the main part mainly with unions yet, though, because, for, so and etc.; 3) correlates are either absent or mobile and can move into the subordinate part, while merging, as a rule, with simple unions, forming allied means of complex structure in order to, in order to; thanks to and etc.: During the day it is warm if there is no strong wind.

Among the SPP of an undivided structure, sentences with explanatory, with attributive clauses are distinguished. Among the SPP of a dissected structure, sentences with clauses of the consequence, conditional, concessive, adjunctive, cause, purpose, comparative, place, time are distinguished. 16. Unionless compound sentences

Associative compound sentences- these are sentences, the predicative parts of which, uniting into a single semantic and intonational whole, are connected by intonation.

stand out :

1) non-union complex sentences with the meaning of enumeration, which report on phenomena occurring simultaneously or sequentially. “The snow is already melting, streams are running, shit is burning in the sun.”

2) BSP with a matching value" "You are rich, I am very poor."

3) BSP with the meaning of the explanation: "I will definitely tell you: you have a talent."

4) BSP with the meaning of reason: "I trust those who love: they are generous."

5) BSP with the value of conditionality. The first part of such sentences names the duration of the second part or the conditions for the implementation of the action. "If you want to eat kalachi, don't sit on the stove."

In the Russian language, there are polynomial complex sentences with a different type of connection (allied or non-union). "Fear the indifferent: they do not kill and do not give, but only with their tacit consent do betrayals and murders exist on earth."