Manor Lobanov-Rostovsky. Park of the 18th century, architectural buildings of the 19th century.
Story:
The Alexandrino estate began its history in the second half of the 18th century with wooden buildings. In the 16th-18th centuries, the village of Aleksandrino belonged to the Torbeev estate of the Moscow boyars Saltykovs. When in 1783 the daughter of General N.N. Saltykova married the noble prince Ya.I. Lobanov-Rostovsky, later Governor-General of Little Russia, member of the State Council, Chief Chamberlain of the Court of His Imperial Majesty, her father, as a dowry, assigned her the Torbeevskaya patrimony, which was named after its owner - Alexandrovskoe, later - Alexandrino.
The second version of the name is named after Alexander's nephew, who was brought up by the childless couple of Lobanov-Rostovsky. In 1840, Alexander Lobanov-Rostovsky refused co-ownership of the estate in favor of his younger brother, Adjutant General Prince. Alexei Lobanov-Rostovsky, brother Alexei and built a palace and park complex that has survived to this day.
19th century manor
Two-storey manor house erected in the second half of the 19th century in the style of late classicism. Its main façade is adorned with a three-arched resalit, and the park façade is adorned with a portico made of cast-iron columns. The complex of the estate includes two surviving buildings - the "House of the Circassians" and "The building on the basement". The walls are brick, plastered. The risalits of the house face the pond. At the end of the 19th century, a water tower was added on the north side, which broke the original classical symmetry. Unfortunately, the greenhouses have not been preserved.
landscape park
A huge landscape park, spread over 60 hectares, is one of the largest in the Smolensk region. It was founded by the former owners at the beginning of the 18th century. Alexey expanded and updated the regular and landscape parks, arranged cascading ponds. The rich park looked exceptional! An access road lined with oaks led to the estate, and the entire park consisted of more than 1,200 valuable trees, including those grown in the estate greenhouse.
The current state of the estate
To date, most of the valuable trees have been lost, the park is abandoned and overgrown with undergrowth. In the estate before Perestroika there was a sanatorium. Classical interiors have been lost, replaced by Soviet ones according to the needs of the medical institution. All buildings are gradually falling into disrepair. There is a monument to Gorky in the courtyard. You can enter the house, but you should be careful, everything is very shaky. During the war, in 1943, the Germans retreated and mined all the stone buildings, but did not have time to blow them up. The last mine was discovered in 1961 in the carriage house, fortunately no one was hurt, because the sanatorium has been hosting vacationers since 1950. After the revolution, the estate housed a commune, then a school.
An object of historical and cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of federal (all-Russian) significance.
In the village of Torbeev, which was part of the estate, are located in the style of classicism, built by Prince. A.N. Lobanova-Rostovskaya.
How to get there by car:
along the Minsk highway M1 up to 233 km, turn to Sychevka and Zubov along the highway P134 "old Smolensk road", move to the village of Torbeevo, the ruins of the Ascension Church of 1793 will be on the right, turn left at it. Then the road will turn to Vysokoe, to Aleksandrino - straight ahead.
Among the noble estates of St. Petersburg that have survived to this day, the Alexandrino estate, located near the Peterhof road, stands out. The estate will interest visitors with its unique history, beauty and architectural delights.
The estate owes its name to the last private owner, Count A. D. Sheremetev. Alexandrino is located in the western part of the park of the same name. During the time of Peter I, Pyatkelle farm was located on this place. The first owner of the estate was a prominent state nobleman, the head of the Secret Chancellery of the Emperor, Count P. A. Tolstoy.
At the end of the reign of Catherine I, the count became a victim of the political game of Prince A. D. Menshikov, and at the age of 82 he was exiled to the Solovetsky Monastery, where he died on February 17, 1729.
Prince VN Repnin became the new owner of the estate. In 1760, the ruined descendants of Repnin sold the estate to the diplomat I. G. Chernyshev, the favorite of two queens at once - Elizabeth Petrovna and Catherine II. Having spent most of his life abroad, the diplomat imbued with the European spirit. Arriving in St. Petersburg, he immediately invited the architect J. Vallin-Delamote from France, to whom he entrusted the construction of a manor house. It is this building that has come down to us.
Wallin-Delamote built a long classicist mansion with a two-story main building. As decoration, the architect used columns, porticos, a balcony with a gazebo. The main building was connected with two outbuildings by covered atrium galleries. The mansion became an example for many architects who built noble estates in Russia. The main feature of the building was the location of the premises around the main hall.
In accordance with the French architectural tradition, Vallin-Delamont placed the house on a low artificial hill. There is no garden that has become familiar to Russian estates, only neatly trimmed lawns. In the greenhouse at the estate, Chernyshev ordered to plant citrus fruits - lemons, oranges, tangerines. The fruits ripened perfectly and delighted the guests of the diplomat.
Two streams flow through the estate, connecting to an artificial pond. In the center of the pond there is an island with shady alleys and beautiful pavilions.
Among the St. Petersburg aristocracy, the Chernyshev estate was considered the standard of luxury and beauty. The main house is very similar to the residence of His Serene Highness Prince G. A. Potemkin - the Tauride Palace.
In 1790 the building was reconstructed. An additional building was added to the house on the western side, which doubled the area of the building. The builders covered the belvedere with a dome-sphere, instead of round windows on the drum they made semi-circular ones. The balcony has been replaced with a pediment. The name of the architect who carried out the restoration of the mansion is unknown: presumably, the project was developed by the famous architect D. Quarenghi.
The octagonal configuration of the main hall in the head building of the estate is considered unique. Light pours down through the windows of the octahedral drum, completely illuminating even the most distant nooks and crannies of the room. In 1820, a magnificent wall painting was added to the decoration of the hall, made by the Italian decorator D. Scotti.
The Chernyshev family did not own the estate for long. The diplomat's son quickly squandered his father's money and sold the estate to an unknown merchant. The entrepreneur sold the property with a premium: the musician and philanthropist Count A. D. Sheremetev became the new owner of the estate.
During the revolutionary years, the estate was expropriated in favor of the state. Workers were settled in the premises of the mansion - in fact, the house became one of the most unusual communal apartments in St. Petersburg. Ballrooms with plywood sheets were divided into rooms. In the central hall, a corral for animals was organized. In the 30s. not far from the estate there was a working settlement.
During the war, "Alexandrino" was at a minimum distance from the front. Artillery shells badly damaged the main building, the service wings were destroyed. In 1960, the architect-restorer M. M. Plotnikov managed to get the authorities of Leningrad to accept a plan for the complete reconstruction of the estate.
Mikhail Mikhailovich did a titanic job - he can safely be considered a full-fledged author of "Alexandrino" on a par with Wallen-Delamot. In addition to "Alexandrino", Plotnikov restored the Chinese Palace and the Rolling Hill in Oranienbaum, the estate "Znamenka". For the creation and implementation of the Alexandrino restoration project, the architect was awarded the USSR State Prize.
Nowadays, the estate houses a children's art school. Visitors to "Alexandrino" will also be interested as a location for filming TV shows. For example, many scenes of the series "Poor Nastya" were filmed on the estate.
Immediately behind the estate and the park, a state-protected forest park zone begins. Unfortunately, the federal protection status did not protect the forest park from residential development - multi-storey buildings are getting closer to the estate.
In "Alexandrino" you can take long walks, not far from the estate there is a cafe where you can have lunch.
Winter video shooting of the estate from a bird's eye view:
How to get there:
St. Petersburg, Stachek Avenue, 226
The Alexandrino forest park is located in the south-west of St. Petersburg in the historical district of Ulyanka. It occupies as much as 103 hectares, and is located between Stachek and People's Militia Avenues, approximately in the middle it is divided into two parts by Veterans Avenue. Residents of the metro station "Prospekt Veteranov" have long called Alexandrino "forest". When they talk about where they live, they say "right in front of the forest", or "two stops behind the forest".
I remember very well the first time I visited Alexandrino. I think it was 1987, maybe '88. In the southern part of the park, some children's orienteering relay races were held. Despite the fact that it was the end of May, the air temperature was 4 degrees, and it was raining.
I visited the southern part of the park many times during my university years, my good friend lived next door. But in the northern part of the park, I visited for the first time quite recently. And again thanks to the Running City project. In contrast to the swampy southern part with clearing paths laid in Soviet times, in the northern part, firstly, the remains of a thoughtful landscape park are visible, and secondly, the old manor "Alexandrino" has been preserved.
Link to Yandex.Maps
Manor Alexandrino
In the 18th century it was very prestigious to be the owner of the estate along the imperial Peterhof road. Peter the Great distributed these lands only to the closest people. The first owner of these places was his younger sister, Princess Natalya Alekseevna.The building that can now be seen in the park was built by the French architect J.-B. Wallen-Delamot for Count Ivan Grigorievich Chernyshev. The building of the estate is very similar to the Tauride Palace in St. Petersburg, but the Tauride Palace was built later and was designed by his French student - I.E. Starov. From other famous buildings in our city, Wallen-Delamot built the Gostiny Dvor. In general, it seems that he was one of those European architects who brought classicism to Russia. During the Great Patriotic War, the estate was on the very front line, it was about a kilometer away. It's hard to imagine, but Ligovo station was German for more than two years. Of course, the Alexandrino estate burned and was almost completely destroyed.
Photo from bestseller.ru
The building was restored in the 60s of the last century. Not all master houses are so fortunate. But the interiors were not restored. Now in the estate there is a children's art school "Alexandrino".
I tried to enter it and see what's inside. I went in at half past ten in the morning on a weekday, and I was not welcome. At the entrance to a deserted building sat an elderly guard in a blue uniform, eating a bun with raisins. I didn’t have a pass, and I didn’t even have a passport. Therefore, I had to convince him for several minutes that nothing bad would happen if I came in for a minute and took a couple of photos.
Under the dome of the building there is a spacious bright hall in the shape of an eight-pointed star. A great place for an exhibition hall, now the works of graduates of the art school are exhibited there. But the glass doors were locked and I couldn't get into the hall. The exhibition is open from 16:00 to 19:00.
Northern part of the park
The northern part of the Alexandrino forest park was once a landscape park, but in fact, nothing but a system of ponds remained from that park. Bridges are thrown over the river and channels connecting the ponds. Alexandrino, like other estates along the Peterhof road, stands at the top of the klint, the Baltic-Ladoga ledge, which stretches along the entire southern coast of the Gulf of Finland. Such a slope-clint also runs along the northern coast, it can be seen in Komarovo and Zelenogorsk. It seems to be the shore of the ancient sea. The Peterhof Grand Cascade stands just on this slope. Here in Alexandrino the ledge is quite low, at most 5-7 meters.Ulyanka was built up in the late 1960s. The suburban outlying area has turned almost into the center of the city. Around Alexandrino are "Khrushchev" and point "nine-story buildings". Nowadays, in all the “spots” that were not built up at that time, they are trying to stick new residential buildings. And from the east side, it seems, they even “climbed” a little into the territory of the park. In fact, living in such a new house near Alexandrino with a view of the bay from the window, it seems to me, is not a bad idea.
With sights, except for the estate in the forest park tight. Is that - "training ground" for service dogs.
South side of the park
The wet and swampy southern part of the forest park is cut through by numerous alleys.
There are very few people here on weekday mornings. Someone just walks, and someone plays football.
In the southwestern corner of the park there is a vocational school, probably now it is a lyceum. I have big doubts about the fact that even if this building stands for three hundred years, it will be considered an architectural monument.
To the east of the park, along the People's Militia Avenue, horticulture has survived. In the late 1950s, the workers and employees of Leningrad were given land for gardening. They gave 4 acres each, and it was forbidden to build capital buildings for living on this land, it was only possible to set up temporary huts and sheds for tools. These gardenings were given very close to the city, for example, here in Ulyanka. It was only later, at the end of the 70s, that horticulture appeared in Mshinskaya, Naziia and further everywhere, they began to give 6 acres each, and it was allowed to build dachas there.
Plots in gardening near Alexandrino were given from the Kirov plant, and it is called "Kirovets-1". Today it looks terrible. Crooked fences wrapped in barbed wire, dilapidated huts with broken windows. All this is covered with waist-deep snow. Some of these buildings are clearly inhabited by the homeless.
In the depths of the horticultural array one can see several cottages that look more decent. One of them is guarded by Caucasian Shepherd Dogs of a very intimidating appearance.
Several dozens of horticulture have been preserved on the territory of St. Petersburg. And, of course, the authorities intend to demolish them and build up these lands. The owners of the plots, for the most part, have registered the land as property, and now they are struggling to defend their rights.
The former fairly large land plot for summer cottages, which once belonged to the younger sister of Peter I Natalya, was divided into two parts in 1716. The senator, a well-known diplomat outside of Russia, a real secret adviser Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy became the owner of its western part.
In the 60s of the 18th century, the president of the Admiralty Board, also a successful diplomat, Ivan Grigorievich Chernyshev, became the owner of this land. He commissioned the French architect Vallin-Delamote to develop a project for a country mansion. The magnificent building made of stone in the style of classicism (and at that time it was a new trend in Russia) was completed in 1746. Its main part resembles the Tauride Palace - the voluminous and solid central part is connected with two oblong outbuildings by long galleries diverging in opposite directions.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the merchant Ilyin became the next owner of the estate, and in the middle of the century the estate was bought by Count Sheremetev Dmitry Nikolaevich, who was the great-grandson of Field Marshal Sheremetev. In 1835 he was awarded the rank of captain of the Cavalier Guard Regiment, later he received the rank of adjutant wing, chamberlain and chamberlain at the Court of His Imperial Majesty. Being in the ranks and occupying one of the prominent and influential places among the courtiers, he owned a really huge fortune and several famous estates and palaces. The architects Benois and Muller were the developers of the project and the creators of the landscape park, which later began to bear the name of Aleksandrovsky in honor of its owner. The name Alexandrino also extended to the entire estate. Alexander Sheremetev became the last owner of the estate in the pre-revolutionary years.
After the Bolsheviks nationalized Aleksandrino, it turned into a residential building with communal apartments. Large rooms were partitioned off to accommodate as many people as possible. And they treated the main hall completely disrespectfully, organizing a subsidiary farm there - a shelter for pigs.
The above circumstances, as well as the bombing during the blockade of Leningrad and the location in close proximity to the front line, subjected the estate to destruction, almost destroying it.
In the 1960s, thanks to the restoration project of the architect Plotnikov, the main house of the estate and the park were restored, but the outbuildings and interiors were not restored. Today it houses an art school for children. The building is of artistic value as an example of classicism in architecture, as well as historical - including as a place where Catherine made a halt during her move to Peterhof.
Manor Alexandrino classicism
Stachek Ave., 226
One of the surviving old estates.
The road at the foot of the natural terrace along the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland existed, as old maps told us, already under the Swedes. But after Russia's victory over Sweden in the Northern War and the founding of St. Petersburg, this road, according to the plan of Peter I, was to become the main entrance to the capital, decorated with a continuous chain of magnificent country residences. And so the king ordered to build "funny stone houses with a fair amount of architectural work and decorate gardens" with fountains and cascades, ponds and waterfalls. It was then that the word "cottage" appeared, meaning a piece of land not far from St. Petersburg, which the tsar granted to his entourage. On the 12th verst of the Peterhof road, on a small hill, there is still an old country house with columns and a dome. The country estate was built in the mid-70s. 18th century for the President of the Admiralty Collegiums Ivan Grigorievich Chernyshev. The site where the palace was erected is the western part of the former dacha of Princess Natalya Alekseevna. Previously, the first Travel Palace of Peter I on the Peterhof tract was located here. In 1718, this place was granted to the senator and diplomat Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy for the successful operation to return Tsarevich Alexei from abroad. In 1721, a manor house was erected on the site. In a fairly short period of time, the dacha changed several owners. In 1762, the real chamberlain Count Ivan Grigoryevich Chernyshev became the owner of the estate. Admiral General, President of the Admiralty Collegiums and a member of the Academy of Sciences, Chernyshev enjoyed the unlimited confidence of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and the patronage of Catherine. He spent many years abroad and brought back a love of luxury and European taste. The country estate of Count I. G. Chernyshev "Alexandrino" on the Peterhof road is one of the most interesting monuments of Russian estate architecture of the second half of the 18th century. The monumentality and expressiveness of the palace determines its historical and artistic significance. The author of the project of the manor house is the architect J.-B. Vallin-Delamot. The estate was built according to the "estate scheme" common in Russian architecture of the 18th century. The central two-storey building of the estate, square in plan, has eight ledges, framed by porticos of four columns of a composite order. This building was connected by two one-story passage galleries with symmetrical two-story side wings. In the center of the main building there was a magnificently finished octagonal hall, illuminated by overhead light through wide semicircular windows that cut through the walls of an octagonal drum covered with a low dome. All park buildings are concentrated by the architect on three islands of a large pond located at the confluence of two streams that crossed the territory of the estate. In the late 1770s-early 1780s. a dacha belonging to Colonel G. M. Lyubestov was attached to the estate. In the early 1790s. the house was rebuilt: the belvedere was covered with a spherical dome, the round windows of its drum were turned into large semicircular ones. The triangular pediment crowned the portico instead of the liquidated balcony. At the same time, the interiors of the central hall, the oval living room and the main staircase were re-finished. As a result of the restructuring, the author of which is considered by experts to be the architect G. Quarenghi, the building became a model of Russian classicism. The main vestibule was decorated with paintings in the style of classicism. The walls of the octagonal central hall are decorated on the lower floor with Corinthian columns placed in shallow niches. The entablature above the columns, encircling the walls of the hall, was topped by a balustrade of the bypass gallery on the second floor. The walls of the first and second tiers of the hall were decorated with decorative panels on mythological scenes, the inner surface of the dome was decorated with square caissons with rosettes. The author of the painting of the vestibule and the central hall, apparently, is one of the best painters-decorators of the first third of the 19th century. D. Scotty. Fragments of the painting survived until 1941. The decoration of the double-height gallery with semi-circular ends at the ends was also of considerable interest. It was located behind the octagonal hall, along the courtyard facade of the central building. The surface of the gallery walls was decorated in the first tier with Ionic pilasters and in the second with stucco caryatids. The country house of I. G. Chernyshev with its architectural appearance resembles the Tauride Palace. The dome of the mansion in the estate is similar in silhouette to the dome of the palace built by the architect I. E. Starov for Prince G. A. Potemkin on the left bank of the Neva. Like the Tauride Palace, the central volume is highlighted here and its dominant role in the ensemble is skillfully emphasized. Travelers passing along the Peterhof road always admired the count's country house with admiration. Numerous guests left enthusiastic entries in their diaries after what they saw in the estate. In 1797, Count I. G. Chernyshev died, leaving his son Grigory Ivanovich not only an estate, but also a lot of debts. The young earl inherited from his father the habit of extravagance. In 1809, he was forced to sell the estate "at a public auction on promissory notes" to the merchant of the 1st guild Fyodor Ilyin. In 1898, the suburban dacha passed from the heirs of the merchant Ilyin to the owner of the Ulyanka estate, Count A.D. Sheremetev. It was then that the country estate began to be called "Alexandrino" for the first time. Under him, extensive construction work and the planning of the landscape park were carried out (architects N. L. Benois, K. F. Muller, and others). After the revolution of 1917, the unique estate turned into an ordinary residential building with communal apartments. The luxurious rooms and halls of the former palace were divided by the locals with partitions made of boards, and in the front octagonal hall, the residents of the “communal mansion” kept pigs and other livestock. During the Great Patriotic War, the Alexandrino dacha was a constant target for German gunners and pilots. The palace turned into ruins, the age-old relic oak grove in the park of this ancient estate almost completely died. In the 1960s the main building of "Alexandrino" was restored and restored according to the project of the architect M. N. Plotnikov, but without recreating the unique interiors and outbuildings. To this day, work is underway to reconstruct the park. A wonderful Russian tradition to introduce children to the fine arts from an early age originated in St. Petersburg. Under Catherine II in 1764, students of 5-6 years old began to be admitted to the Academy of Arts. Since 1980, the Alexandrino Children's Art School, founded in 1968, has been located in the former palace of Count Sheremetev.
(historical reference, placed on the facade of the estate, added rose-apple)
Since 1714, the dacha of the younger sister of Peter I, Natalia Alekseevna, was located here.
In 1746, the dacha was granted to the head of the gentry cadet corps V. N. Repnin. In 1762, his son sold the estate to I. G. Chernyshev, the president of the Admiralty College. By his order, arch. J.-B. Wallin-Delamot is building a new stone building in the classicist style.
In 1898 A. D. Sheremetev bought the dacha and it became known as "Alexandrino". Under the new owner, the interiors were preserved.
The two-storey main building is decorated with porticos with columns and a balcony. Symmetrical two-storey side wings are connected by glazed galleries to the main building.
In the 1960s the main building was restored - arch. MM. Plotnikov, without recreating the interiors and outbuildings.
Now there is a children's art school.
Alexandrino- one of the surviving estates in the area of the Peterhof road within the boundaries of St. Petersburg. Named after the last pre-revolutionary owner - A. D. Sheremetev.
At the beginning of the 18th century, when plots along the road were distributed for development, on the site of the current Alexandrino Park there was an extensive estate of the younger sister of Peter I, Tsarevna Natalia Alekseevna, which belonged to her since 1714. At the end of the 17th century. here were located the lands of two farms with the common name Pyatkelle. In 1716 the princess died and the plot was divided into two.
The estate on the eastern section was preserved in the 1930s, but was subsequently destroyed. The western part of the former dacha of Princess Natalya Alekseevna was transferred to the senator, a prominent diplomat, former envoy in Constantinople, real Privy Councilor Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy.
In the 1760s the owner was Ivan Grigorievich Chernyshev, a skilled diplomat who enjoyed the unlimited confidence of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and the patronage of Catherine II. He commissioned the construction of his country house to the French architect J.-B. Wallen-Delamot, a representative of classicism new to Russia. This building has survived to this day.
After the revolution, the Alexandrino dacha palace became an ordinary residential building, with large rooms divided into “cells” by partitions, and pigs were kept in the hall. Along the eastern border of the park in the 1930s. "Standard settlement No. 3" was built.
During the war, the estate was at the forefront of defense and suffered from shelling. In the 1960s the main building was restored according to the project of M.M. Plotnikov, but without recreating the interiors and outbuildings.
