The mood of the verb is a very important characteristic of it. In morphological analysis, it is indicated necessarily. Inclination also affects other signs of this part of speech, for example, time. Do not forget that certain spelling norms are associated with this category, which we will touch on in this article. We will also consider in detail what forms of mood the verb has, we will give examples so that this constant morphological feature does not cause difficulties.
What does the category of inclination express?
The verb gives our speech liveliness, makes it dynamic. It is not for nothing that our ancestors, the Slavs, called the word “verb” their entire speech in principle. Sentences without these parts of speech are very rare.
One of the characteristics of the verb is its ability to express the relation of the subject of speech to reality: an action takes place with the subject in fact or simply desirable, imaginary. This characteristic is also called modality. It is she who is realized through the mood of the verb.
Thus, it is this important category of the predicate that contains the main meaning. What forms of mood does the verb have? We will give the answer right now: indicative, conditional and imperative. Each of them is designed to report on the correspondence of the action to reality. Let's prove it.
For example, let's compare the sentences: I will drink tea. - I'd like some tea. - Have some tea. It is easy to guess that all three verbs in these sentences are used in different moods. And if the first of them speaks of a specific action that will happen in the future, then the other two speak either of the conditionality of the act or the motivation for action (events may not take place).
Indicative
The most common form of inclination, which speaks of the reality of what is happening with the subject, is indicative. A distinctive feature is the presence of a form of time, this indicates that the action happened earlier or will be in the future, or maybe it is being performed at the moment.
The verb in the form changes not only in tenses, but also in persons, as well as numbers.
This type of mood is closely related to the type of predicate. So, they have all three temporal characteristics. Moreover, the future tense of such words is complex, i.e. formed by adding to the verb to be used in the simple future of the infinitive containing the main meaning.
For example: I study for the exam all day long. (present tense) - I've been preparing for the exam all day. (past tense) - I will study for the exam next days.
What forms of mood has If we talk about the indicative, then such predicates are presented in two tenses: the past and the simple future.
I prepared very well for the exam. (past tense). - I will prepare for the exam very well.
The category of the indicative mood is found in all types of speech in various speech situations. Reasoning, narration, description, dialogue or speech to a large audience - everywhere these predicates will be the main ones, they are universal and emotionally neutral.
Conditional mood
The verb in the form talks about an action that will happen if some conditions are met. Otherwise, it is impossible.
For example: With your help, I would cross the gorge. You should have crossed that little bridge yourself. The second sentence expresses not so much the presence of a certain condition as the desire to perform an action.
Forming the shape of this inclination is very simple. It is enough to put the verb in the past tense and attach the particle would (b): I would call, I would come, I would take, I would take.
The role of this is to logically highlight the necessary word. It can be in any part of the sentence. For example, compare: Would you bring the goods today. - You would bring the goods today. Today you would bring the goods. In the first sentence, the emphasis is logically on the verb-predicate, in the second on the subject, and in the third on the adverbial tense.
Imperative mood
Speaking about what forms of mood the verb has, it should be said about the last - imperative. From its name it becomes clear that such a predicate contains some kind of motivation for the action of the listener. Depending on the design, grammatical and emotional, this meaning can range from a polite request to an order.
Please solve the problem. - Write the following example. - Get your notebooks!
If the verb in the imperative is preceded by a particle not, then such a sentence will express the undesirability of the action. For example: Do not hurt animals! This is a request that the "offend" action not be performed.
Formation of the imperative mood
To make a polite request, special introductory words are often attached to imperative verbs: please, be kind, be kind. Do not forget that these constructions are separated by commas: Please, tell us your first and last name.
Also, for a polite call to action, it is necessary to put the verb in the plural form: Ekaterina Valerievna, please pass the book.
From singular verbs, the imperative mood is formed with the help of the suffix -and-. He joins the basis of the present tense: bring - bring, put - put, take - take. The use of this suffix is optional: get up - get up, pour - pour.
Particular attention should be paid to close - close - close; but close - close - close. In the first case, imperfective verbs are used, in the second - perfective.
An imperative mood can be formed and with the help of particles, let, let: Let the boys clean the class today.
If you want to achieve a rude order, you should form this mood with the help of the infinitive: Everyone lie down in bed!
As a rule, in sentences with imperative verbs, the subject is absent, but this does not apply to those in which the form is formed with the help of let / let. Let Natasha set the table. Subject Natasha, predicate - let him cover.
How to determine inclination?
To distinguish which mood forms a verb has (we gave examples of them above), you must follow the algorithm:
However, it should be remembered that one mood can be used in the form of another. For example, the indicative in the meaning of the imperative: Brought me coffee! Take a newspaper with you. The reverse situation may also be: Take it and jump out of your hands. In this case, what forms of mood the verb has is determined solely by the meaning of the entire sentence.
The conditional mood (English) reflects not real facts, but desired or conjectural ones. It can also be used to express a requirement, doubt or condition, the fulfillment of which is associated with the possibility of translating certain events into reality.
The use and formation of such ones is more complicated than in Russian, in which only the particle “by” is used before the main verb.
Often this mood is confused with the subjunctive, but they are phenomena that are different in meaning. (in English Conditional Mood), in contrast to the subjunctive, is used to refer to such actions that have not occurred or are not occurring, since there are no necessary conditions for this or they are impracticable, unrealistic in this situation. The subjunctive denotes unrealized conditions and simply expresses wishes or regrets.
There are two temporary forms of the conditional mood: past and present.
Conditional present tense Conditionalpresent formed with the would/should auxiliary forms and the infinitive of the main verb without "to". In other words, this mood is identical in form to Future-in-the-Past.
Example: We wouldwork. - We would work. In this case, the action expressed by the verb can occur in the present tense or the future. Example: But for the bad weather we would work outdoors. - If it were not for the bad weather, we would work outside.
Conditional past tense Conditional Past expresses an action that, under certain conditions, could have taken place in the past, but did not take place due to the absence of these conditions. Formed with should have and would have and the main verb in the third form (identical to Future Perfect-in-the-Past).
Example:She would have purchased a dress but the store was closed. - She would have bought the dress if the shop hadn't been closed.
As a rule, the conditional mood is used in complex subordinates and is less common in simple ones. In the subordinate clause of a complex sentence, the condition is called, and in the main clause, the consequence (result) is expressed. Both of these parts can refer to the present, the past or the future. Most often, the parts are connected by an alliance if( if). Separate sentences with a comma only if the subordinate clause comes before the main clause.
There are three types of conditional sentences. They express different degrees of probability of the described facts. The choice is determined by the attitude of the speaker to what is being said.
Type ofI- developmentsreal
If in such sentences we are talking about real events, then the conditional mood is not used, it is quite successfully replaced by the indicative.
Example: If I have more money, I willby an expensive car. - If I have more money, I will buy an expensive car.
Grammatically, the main clause uses the time Simple future - Future Simple, and in the subordinate clause - the simple present - Present Simple.
The first type can also express unlikely events, the reality of which is much lower than in the previous case.
Example: If I shouldhave more money, I willpurchase a car. - If I had more money, I would buy a car. (It is understood that there is not enough money at this time to buy a car, but they can be saved up and fulfill the desired).
In the main clause, the Future Simple is used, in the subordinate clause, should + the infinitive.
Type ofII- unlikely, almost real events
The speaker does not consider what he is reporting as a real event, but simply assumes what could have happened under a certain set of circumstances.
Example: If he had money, he wouldpurchase a car. - If he suddenly had enough money, he would buy a car. (There was no money to buy, but if a random inheritance fell on your head, you could buy a car.)
In the main part, would + infinitive is used, in the subordinate clause - Past Simple.
Type ofIII- completely, completely unrealistic events
Expresses wishes (often regrets) about the past, in which nothing can be changed.
Example: If he had had money, he wouldhavepurchase a car 2 years ago. If he had had money then, he would have bought a car two years ago. (But I didn’t buy it because I didn’t have money).
In the main clause would + perfect infinitive is used, in the subordinate clause - forms that have verbs (English) in the Past Perfect tense.
That's why it's so important. This part of speech is necessary in order to correctly name and describe the action. Like other parts of speech, it has its own morphological features, which can be permanent and non-permanent. So, permanent morphological features include person, gender, time, number. Let's deal with such a concept as the inclination of a verb in Russian. How to define it? All these questions can be answered in this article.
In contact with
What is inclination?
This is a grammatical feature of the verb, which helps to change the word. This category is required for express process relation, which just calls this word, to reality.
Important! The verb forms are indicative, imperative and conditional.
.Depending on how words express their attitude to those processes that actually occur, there are moods for verbs:
- direct;
- indirect.
By direct is meant the indicative mood, which allows you to objectively convey the action. Example: We watched a movie yesterday.
Indirect is an imperative or imperative mood. It serves to express those processes that do not coincide with reality. For example: I would read this novel tomorrow, but I will go to visit.
Thinking about the definition of a verb
Kinds
The classification is based on the features and peculiarities of the lexical meaning of verbs.
In modern times, there are three types:
- Indicative.
- Conditional.
- Imperative.
The first type usually denotes the action that actually going on and could happen in the past, can happen in the present, and can happen in the future. For example: I will do my homework on Thursday.
The second type denotes an act that will be performed in the future, but already under a certain condition. For example: I would do my homework on Thursday, but I'm going to the theatre.
The third type is either an order to do something or a request. For example: Be sure to learn your lessons tomorrow.
Three types of verb mood
How to determine the mood of a verb
In order to determine this, it is necessary to understand how the action occurs and what grammatical characteristics it has. So, verbs in the indicative show a real act, so this word will change from time to time.
If the verb is in the imperative form, then it is the action will be performed by some other person. Such words usually encourage some kind of activity.
Therefore, the action will not be actually performed, but required. Most often, to get the imperative verb form, they use a specific tense, for example, the future or present, to which the suffix -i must be added. But it is possible without it. For example, catch, scream, die. If it is used in the plural, then the ending te is added respectfully to the ending of such a word. For example, catch, scream, die.
The conditional mood refers to those actions that could happen if all the necessary conditions were present. By the way, the conditional is also called the subjunctive. This form is easy to determine in the text, since it usually always has a particle would or b. For example, I would jump into the river if I had a swimsuit.
Important! Any verbal word form can be used in oral and written speech not only in the literal sense, but also figuratively. Usually, the figurative meaning completely changes the meaning of the word, so this category also changes.
indicative
The most common verbal word form in Russian is considered to be indicative, since it allows us to say that what actually happens to a person, object, or person. Only the indicative time can be determined, and how this action is performed will depend on what it is: in reality or it will be in the future.
Another feature of this form is the change in persons and numbers. If the verb is perfective, then it can change over time:
- The present.
- Future.
- Past.
Every time here is formed in its own way. So, the future tense is formed with the help of the word "to be", which is added to the verb in the indefinite form. But this is a complex form of the future tense, and a simple form is. For example: I clean my apartment all day long. (present time). I cleaned my apartment all day long. (past time). I'll be cleaning the apartment all day long. (bud. vr.).
The indicative mood can be found in various types of speech, and therefore in many speech situations these verb forms are the most common.
Conditional
Words that are used in a conditional form indicate those actions that can occur, but some conditions are necessary for this. For example: I would pass this test if they helped me. To form such forms, you just need to put the verb in the past tense and attach the particle would or b. The particle can be placed anywhere in the sentence. It is necessary in order to highlight the word you need, which can be any part of speech.
The subjunctive, or conditional, has its own peculiarities of use. It allows not only to express some kind of action that could occur if special facilities were created for this, but also helps to express desires and dreams, doubts and fears.
The subjunctive mood in Russian helps to express the shades of the action condition. Examples: I would like to go to the sea if my job didn't keep me going. There would be no trouble!
imperative
Imperative verbs induce the listener to do something. Such words, diverse in emotional and grammatical design, can be both polite when they contain some kind of request, and an order. For example: Please bring a book. Bring a book!
Conditional mood
Conditional mood(conditional(is), lat. modus conditionalis) - inclination, denotes actions that are desired or possible under certain conditions.
In Slavic languages
the inclination was historically formed in two ways - with the help of the l-participle and a special conjugated form with the stem *bi- (for example, in Old Church Slavonic walked beam; probably etymologically related to the Indo-European optative) and with the help of the l-participle and the form of the auxiliary verb, coinciding with the aorist stem of the verb be (walked by). In most of the ancient Slavic dialects, only the second form was represented, the coexistence of the two forms, their mutual influence and contamination are characteristic mainly of the southern dialects. There is a hypothesis according to which the form with the aorist of the auxiliary verb is historically one of the forms of the Slavic pluperfect.The form of the auxiliary verb, conjugated like an aorist, has been preserved in modern Czech (čítal bych), Upper Lusatian (čitał bych), Serbo-Croatian (čitao bih), Bulgarian (bih chel). In Croatian Chakavian dialects, a conjugated form has been preserved, going back to *bimь: citao bin. In many languages, the form of the auxiliary verb has become an invariable particle: Rus. would/b, Belarusian b / b, Ukrainian bi, lower service by, kashub. bы/b, made. bi . This particle can be combined with the present tense form (Slovak čítal by som, some dialects of Macedonian - bi sum people; type forms would have let in Russian monuments of the XIV-XV centuries) or its end (Polish. czytal-by-m).
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