Is secondary general education mandatory? Compulsory education in the Russian Federation

1. Primary general education is aimed at shaping the personality of the student, developing his individual abilities, positive motivation and skills in educational activities (mastery of reading, writing, counting, basic skills of educational activities, elements of theoretical thinking, the simplest skills of self-control, a culture of behavior and speech, the basics personal hygiene and healthy lifestyle).

2. Basic general education is aimed at the formation and formation of the personality of the student (the formation of moral convictions, aesthetic taste and a healthy lifestyle, a high culture of interpersonal and interethnic communication, mastering the basics of science, the state language of the Russian Federation, the skills of mental and physical labor, the development of inclinations, interests , ability to social self-determination).

3. Secondary general education is aimed at the further formation and formation of the personality of the student, the development of interest in learning and the creative abilities of the student, the formation of skills for independent learning activities based on the individualization and professional orientation of the content of secondary general education, preparing the student for life in society, independent life choice, continuing education and starting a professional career.

4. The organization of educational activities in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education can be based on the differentiation of content, taking into account the educational needs and interests of students, providing in-depth study of individual academic subjects, subject areas of the corresponding educational program (professional education).

5. Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational program of primary general and (or) basic general education are not allowed to study at the next levels of general education. The requirement of obligatory secondary general education in relation to a particular student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen years, if the corresponding education was not received by the student earlier.

6. With the consent of the parents (legal representatives) of a minor student, the commission for minors and the protection of their rights and the local self-government body in charge of education, a student who has reached the age of fifteen may leave a general educational organization until receiving basic general education. The Commission on Juvenile Affairs and the Protection of Their Rights, together with the parents (legal representatives) of a minor who left a general educational organization before receiving basic general education, and the local self-government body in charge of education, no later than one month, takes measures to continue mastering the educational programs of basic general education in a different form of education and with his consent for employment.

7. In an educational organization that implements educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education, conditions may be created for students to live in a boarding school, as well as for the supervision and care of children in extended day groups.

8. For the maintenance of children in an educational organization with a boarding school, which includes providing students in accordance with established standards with clothes, shoes, soft equipment, personal hygiene items, school supplies, games and toys, household equipment, food and organizing their household - consumer services, as well as for the supervision and care of children in after-school groups, the founder of an educational organization has the right to establish a fee levied from the parents (legal representatives) of underage students, and its amount, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law. The founder has the right to reduce the amount of the specified fee or not to collect it from certain categories of parents (legal representatives) of minor students in cases and in the manner determined by him.

9. It is not allowed to include expenses for the implementation of the educational program of primary general, basic general and (or) secondary general education, as well as expenses for the maintenance of real estate of state and municipal educational organizations in the parental payment for the maintenance of children in an educational organization that has a boarding school, for the implementation supervision and care of the child in extended day groups in such organizations.

In accordance with the law "On Education in the Russian Federation", primary, basic and secondary general education is compulsory. Compulsory secondary general education in relation to the student remains until he reaches the age of eighteen.

If the answer to the question of what kind of education is compulsory in Russia is more simply, then the education received at school is compulsory, i.e. general. It includes, as a rule, primary school, 5 years of secondary school and 2 senior classes, and earlier it was possible to graduate after 9 classes of school and receive a certificate of incomplete secondary general education, and now they have introduced compulsory 11-year education at school.

Is general education enough for a person?

Of course, studying at school gives us the necessary knowledge base, which we will use all our lives. But this is not enough, because at school they will teach only general subjects (and even then, without going deep), they will teach us to write, read, count, but for an adult independent life, much more knowledge will be required. Moreover, in the modern world, competition in the labor market is very high.

Therefore, sometimes, to the question of what kind of education is compulsory, I want to answer - one that will open up many prospects for you, provide you with a well-paid job. And having received only a general education, it is hardly worth counting on a comfortable existence. It is possible to find a job without a professional education, but it will most likely be a dirty and hard job (for example, an auxiliary worker, a loader, a cleaner, etc.) and this job will certainly not be highly paid.

What does vocational education provide?

In view of the foregoing, it is impossible to underestimate the role of vocational education, whether it is higher or secondary special education - it is simply necessary at the present time. Higher education gives a person not only professional knowledge and skills, but also influences the formation of his personality.

In the learning process, everything matters: communication with teachers, peers, obtaining a huge amount of information that expands horizons and worldview. Moreover, higher education has not interfered with anyone, but only helped.

Unfortunately, very often young people at first underestimate the importance of higher education and do not gnaw at the granite of science too much. Understanding and awareness of the importance of learning comes closer to the fourth or even fifth year, when you grow up and begin to appreciate the knowledge gained and the time spent.

In recent years, the role of a diploma is not so important, many employers may not even look at it, but the professional knowledge, skills and abilities that a person possesses are very important, and a diploma only confirms their presence. It used to be, in Soviet times, that a diploma guaranteed getting a job in your specialty, but now everything is different.

To find a good job, you need to work hard, because no one (except yourself) will take care of your employment and further comfortable life. Therefore, once again we will indicate the importance of education in everyone's life and answer the question of what kind of education is mandatory - the one that will distinguish you from the huge general mass of the same newly-minted specialists and indicate your advantages. And the subsequent positive recommendations from employers are the road to success, a well-paid job and other bonuses.

Hello. In accordance with the Federal Law on Education, as a general rule, such education is mandatory.

5. Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational program of primary general and (or) basic general education are not allowed to study at the next levels of general education. The requirement of obligatory secondary general education in relation to a particular student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen years, if the corresponding education was not received by the student earlier.

But in accordance with paragraph 6 of this article, it is allowed that a minor may not continue his studies at school if he is 15 years old.

6. With the consent of the parents (legal representatives) of a minor student, the commission for minors and the protection of their rights and the local self-government body in charge of education, the student , who has reached the age of fifteen, may leave the general educational organization before receiving the basic general education. The Commission for the Affairs of Minors and the Protection of Their Rights, together with the parents (legal representatives) of a minor who left a general educational organization before receiving a basic general education, and the local self-government body exercising management in the field of education , not later than within a month, takes measures to continue the development of the educational program of basic general education in a different form of education for minors and with his consent for employment.

But this applies to those moments when the child has not completed the 9th grade. If he graduated from them, then, together with his parents, he can choose a further form of education.

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Hello!

“The requirement of obligatory secondary general education in relation to a particular student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen years, if the corresponding education was not received by the student earlier.” Here's how to understand the phrase "a particular student" ??? Who is a specific learner?
Ignat

This means that he cannot leave the educational institution without having received the specified education before the age of 18. And upon reaching the age of 18, even if he has not received this education, he can leave school and not study further.

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Hello Ignat!

According to part 4 of article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation Basic general education is compulsory . Parents or persons replacing them ensure that children receive basic general education.

According to Article 10 of the Federal Law on Education 4. The following levels of general education are established in the Russian Federation:
1) preschool education;
2) primary general education;
3) basic general education;
4) secondary general education.

According to Article 66.5 of the Federal Law on Education Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational program of primary general and (or) basic general education are not allowed to study at the next levels of general education. The requirement of obligatory secondary general education in relation to a particular student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen years, if the corresponding education was not received by the student earlier.

This means that if a student has not received a secondary general education before reaching the age of 18, then he is no longer obliged to receive it.

I believe that in this case it is necessary to rely on the provisions of the constitution, which states that basic general education is mandatory, that is, education of 9 classes.

Good luck!

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Here's how to understand the phrase "a particular student" ??? Who is a specific learner?
Ignat

This means that this provision can be applied to a specific student, in this case, to your child.

Ignat

obliged in one form or another. Although, of course, no one will force him into the OS.

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Primary general education, basic general
education, secondary general education are compulsory levels
education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational
programs of primary general and (or) basic general education, not
are allowed to study at the following levels of general education.
The requirement of compulsory secondary general education in relation to
for a particular student remains valid until they reach the age
eighteen years of age, if the relevant education has not been received
previously trained.

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Goryunov Evgeniy

Lawyer, Ivanteevka

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Yes, secondary general education is MANDATORY, this comes from paragraph 5 of Art. 66 of the Federal Law "On Education" (the same article that you cited, but a different sentence)

5.
Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational program of primary general and (or) basic general education are not allowed to study at the next levels of general education. The requirement of obligatory secondary general education in relation to a particular student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen years, if the corresponding education was not received by the student earlier.

The offer you specified

“The requirement of obligatory secondary general education in relation to a particular student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen years, if the corresponding education was not received by the student earlier.”
Ignat

refers to persons who have not passed the GIA, the same is indicated by the Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 04.24.2014 No. NT-443/08 On the continuation of education for persons who have not passed the state final certification in educational programs of basic general education

So is a child obliged to receive a secondary general education if he does not want it?
Ignat

yes, I must

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In the current version of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" these provisions are set out as follows:

5. Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational program of primary general and (or) basic general education are not allowed to study at the next levels of general education. The requirement of obligatory secondary general education in relation to a particular student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen years, if the corresponding education was not received by the student earlier.
6. With the consent of the parents (legal representatives) of a minor student, the commission for minors and the protection of their rights and the local self-government body in charge of education, a student who has reached the age of fifteen may leave a general educational organization until receiving basic general education. The Commission on Juvenile Affairs and the Protection of Their Rights, together with the parents (legal representatives) of a minor who left a general educational organization before receiving basic general education, and the local self-government body in charge of education, no later than one month, takes measures to continue mastering the educational programs of basic general education in a different form of education and with his consent for employment.

Those. as a general rule, secondary general education is compulsory until the child reaches 18 years of age.

In accordance with paragraph 5 of Art. 66 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational program of primary general and (or) basic general education are not allowed to study at the next levels of general education. The requirement of obligatory secondary general education in relation to a particular student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen years, if the corresponding education was not received by the student earlier.

In accordance with Article 68 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation":

p. 2. To the development of educational programs persons are allowed having an education not lower than the basic general or secondary general education, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

p. 3. Obtaining secondary vocational education on the basis of basic
general education is carried out with simultaneous receipt of secondary general education within the relevant educational program of secondary vocational education. In this case, the educational program of secondary vocational education, implemented on the basis of basic general education, is developed on the basis of the requirements of the relevant federal state educational standards. secondary general and secondary vocational education taking into account the received profession or specialty of secondary vocational education.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Art. 5 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" in the Russian Federation are guaranteed public and free in accordance with federal state educational standards for preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, secondary vocational education, as well as free higher education on a competitive basis, if a citizen receives education of this level for the first time.

Based on the foregoing, your child may, upon completion of the 9th grade, upon successful completion of the final certification, leave school and enter a vocational education institution on a free and generally accessible basis.

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3. Secondary general education

What kind of education is compulsory according to the law of the Russian Federation "on education"?

The Commission on Juvenile Affairs and the Protection of Their Rights, together with the parents (legal representatives) of a minor who left a general educational organization before receiving basic general education, and the local self-government body in charge of education, no later than one month, takes measures to continue mastering the educational programs of basic general education in a different form of education and with his consent for employment.

SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION

Secondary (complete) general education is the final stage of general education, designed to ensure functional literacy and social adaptation of students, to promote their self-determination. These functions predetermine the orientation of goals towards the formation of a socially literate and socially mobile person who is aware of his civil rights and obligations, clearly represents the possibilities, resources and ways of implementing the chosen life path.

The effective achievement of these goals is possible with the introduction of profile education, which is a system of specialized training in the upper grades of a general education school, focused on the individualization of education and the socialization of students, working out a flexible system of cooperation between the senior school and institutions of primary, secondary and higher professional education.

Profile education is a means of differentiation and individualization of education, which allows, due to changes in the structure, content and organization of the educational process, to take into account the interests, inclinations and abilities of students more fully, to create conditions for the education of high school students in accordance with their professional interests and intentions in relation to continuing education. At the same time, the possibilities of building an individual educational trajectory for students are significantly expanded.

The transition to specialized training allows you to:

create conditions for differentiating the content of teaching high school students, building individual educational programs;

provide in-depth study of individual subjects;

to establish equal access to full-fledged education for different categories of students, to expand the opportunities for their socialization;

ensure continuity between general and vocational education.

The principles of building a FBUP for grades X–XI are based on the idea of a two-level (basic and specialized) federal component of the state standard of general education. By choosing various combinations of basic and specialized subjects and taking into account the standards of study time, each educational institution, and under certain conditions, each student has the right to form their own curriculum.

This approach leaves the educational institution with ample opportunities for organizing one or more profiles, and for students - the choice of specialized and elective subjects, which together will make up its individual educational trajectory.

Basic general education subjects - subjects of the federal component, aimed at completing the general education of students. FBUP assumes a functionally complete, but minimal set of them.

Profile general education subjects - subjects of the federal component of an advanced level, which determine the specialization of each specific profile of education.

Article 66 Law 273-FZ On Education in the Russian Federation 2018 new

In profile education, the student chooses at least two subjects at the profile level. If the subjects included in the invariant part of the federal basic curriculum are studied at the profile level, then these subjects are not studied at the basic level.

The totality of basic and specialized general education subjects determines the composition of the federal component of the FBUP.

Regional (national-regional) component for X–
Class XI is represented by the number of hours devoted to its study.

Elective subjects - compulsory subjects at the choice of students from the component of the educational institution. Elective subjects perform three main functions:

"superstructure" of a profile academic subject, when such an added profile academic subject becomes fully in-depth;

satisfaction of the cognitive interests of students in various spheres of human activity.

To draw up the curriculum of an educational institution, class, group studying in profile training based on FBUP, one should:

include in the curriculum compulsory subjects at the basic level (invariant part of the federal component);

include in the curriculum at least two subjects at the profile level (from the variable part of the federal component), which will determine the direction of specialization of education in this profile;

the curriculum may also include other subjects at the basic or profile level (from the variable part of the federal component).

include a regional (national-regional) component in the curriculum (in the amount of 140 hours for two academic years);

the preparation of the curriculum ends with the formation of the component of the educational institution (in the amount of at least 280 hours for two academic years).

The hours allocated to the educational institution component are used to:

teaching subjects offered by the educational institution;

conducting educational practices and research activities;

implementation of educational projects, etc.

They can also be used to increase the number of hours devoted to teaching basic and specialized subjects of the federal component.

At the same time, it is taken into account that the senior stage prepares graduates not only for studying at a university, but also for studying in the system of primary and secondary vocational education, as well as for starting work. This, in particular, determined the increase in the number of recommended profiles of the technological direction.

The presented versions of the curricula of individual profiles are exemplary and have a recommendatory character. They should be considered as an illustration of the possible use of the proposed mechanism for the formation of a specific curriculum and a demonstration of the principle of its construction from three types of subjects: basic, specialized and elective.

BASIC CURRICULUM

Related information:

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What kind of education is compulsory in Russia?

The organization of educational activities in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education can be based on the differentiation of content, taking into account the educational needs and interests of students, providing in-depth study of individual subjects, subject areas of the corresponding educational program (professional education).

The founder has the right to reduce the amount of the specified fee or not to collect it from certain categories of parents (legal representatives) of minor students in cases and in the manner determined by him.

10. For students in need of long-term treatment, disabled children who, for health reasons, cannot attend educational organizations, training in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education is organized at home or in medical organizations.

11. The procedure for formalizing relations of a state or municipal educational organization with students and (or) their parents (legal representatives) in terms of organizing training in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education at home or in medical organizations is established by the regulatory legal act of the authorized body state power of the subject of the Russian Federation.

12. Has expired. - Federal Law of June 27, 2018 N 170-FZ.

preschool education;
primary general education;
basic general education;
secondary general education.

Levels of general education

Preschool education

Levels of education in the Russian Federation

Primary general education

Basic general education

Secondary general education is aimed at the further formation and formation of the student's personality, the development of interest in learning and the student's creative abilities, the formation of skills for independent learning activities based on the individualization and professional orientation of the content of secondary general education, preparing the student for life in society, independent life choice, continuing education and starting a professional career. activities.

Secondary vocational education can be obtained in technical schools and colleges. The model regulation “On an educational institution of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institution)” gives the following definitions: a) a technical school is a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training; b) college - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements the main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training and programs of secondary vocational education of advanced training.

Higher education

Persons with a higher medical education or a higher pharmaceutical education are allowed to master the residency programs. Persons with higher education in the field of arts are allowed to master the programs of assistant-internship.

Undergraduate

Master's degree

specialty

The right to education. How it is reflected in the new Constitution of Russia and the Constitutions of foreign states

and Rozhkov

Head teacher. 1994. 2. S. 70-75.

Find in Economicus Dictionaries

The article provides a comparative analysis of the Russian Constitution of 1993 and international legal acts, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), which formed in the world community a certain standard of human rights, which includes the right to education.

After the Second World War, under the influence of such international legal acts as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), a certain the standard by which the right to education includes: the right of every person to education as such; free and compulsory primary education; free general education; openness and accessibility of secondary education, including vocational secondary education; general accessibility of higher education based on individual abilities; creating conditions for a gradual transition to free secondary and higher education; freedom to receive education both in state and non-state educational institutions for which the state has the right to establish minimum educational standards; freedom of religious education.

To what extent does the Russian Constitution of 1993 and the constitutions of foreign countries meet the above standard? Let's try to figure it out.

"Everyone has the right to education" - says Article 42.1. of the Constitution of Russia, repeating almost verbatim the wording of Art. 26.1. World Declaration of Human Rights. Thus, in Russia the right to education is recognized both for citizens of the Russian Federation and for any other persons under the jurisdiction of the Russian state (refugees, internally displaced persons, stateless persons, etc.). Close in meaning to the Russian wording of the basic laws of Italy: "The school is open to all" (part 1 of article 34 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic of 1947), and Japan: "Everyone has an equal right to education in accordance with their abilities, in the order prescribed by law" (Part 1, Article 26 of the Constitution of 1947). This issue is solved in a different way in Spain: "All citizens have the right to education" (Article 27.1 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978).

Compulsory elementary education. Free primary and general education. Secondary education.

“The general availability and free of charge of preschool, basic general and secondary vocational education in state and municipal educational institutions and enterprises is guaranteed,” Art. 43.2. The Constitution of Russia, and further establishes: "Basic general education is obligatory. Parents or persons replacing them ensure that children receive basic general education" (Article 43.4.). As we can see, the 1993 Constitution guarantees the inhabitants of Russia a slightly higher level of compulsory free education than provided for by the prevailing international standard: not primary, but 8-9-year general education received in a state (municipal) educational institution is compulsory and free of charge.

Free and generally accessible pre-school education in state (municipal) educational institutions and enterprises, guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia, also exceeds the international standard, as enshrined in the Constitution of Russia. But the Constitution does not say a word about secondary general education, from which we can conclude that the state at the federal level does not guarantee either its general availability or its free of charge even in state (municipal) educational institutions. Meanwhile, for example, "all Greeks have the right to free education at all levels in state educational institutions" (Article 16.4. The Greek Constitution of 1975). In Italy, "capable and worthy students have the right to move to the higher levels of schools, even if they were deprived of funds" (part 3, article 34 of the Constitution). In France, "the organization of public free and Soviet education at all levels is the duty of the State" (Preamble to the Constitution of 1946, which is an integral part of the Constitution of the French Republic of 1958).

It seems that by keeping silent about secondary general education in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislator thereby granted the right to the subjects of the Federation to independently decide on the availability and free of charge of education at this level in their territory, based on the economic opportunities of the region.

General accessibility of higher education based on individual abilities.

According to the Constitution of Russia, "everyone has the right, on a competitive basis, to receive higher education free of charge at a state or municipal educational institution and at an enterprise" (Article 43.3.). Obviously, the issue of higher education is resolved in the Russian Constitution at the standard level. Unusually and in great detail, the Greek Constitution regulates the activities of higher education, where the establishment of universities by private individuals is prohibited (part 2 of article 16.8 of the Constitution). Free higher education can be obtained at state universities, whose teachers are considered civil servants and can be removed from office before the end of their service only on official terms (Article 16.6 of the Constitution). Universities enjoy self-government, but are under the control of the state (Article 16.5 of the Constitution). The right to autonomy of universities within the framework of the law is also enshrined in the Constitution of Spain (Article 27.10.), Italy (part 6 of Article 33) and a number of other states.

Freedom to choose the place of education.

The Constitution of Russia does not directly mention non-state educational institutions, but their existence is implied, since general accessibility and free education is guaranteed only in state (municipal) educational institutions. The presence of a non-state school also implies Art. 43.5., where it is said:
"The Russian Federation establishes federal state educational standards, supports various forms of education and self-education." In contrast to the Constitution of Russia, the Constitutions of Italy and especially Germany, they specifically dwell on the issues of a private school. "The Republic establishes general norms on education and establishes public schools of all kinds and levels. Private organizations and individuals have the right to establish schools and educational institutions not maintained at the expense of the State. When securing the rights and obligations of non-state schools that require equalization with state schools, the law must to ensure complete freedom for them, and for their pupils - a school regime, the same as the regime of state schools. State examinations have been established for admission to schools of various branches and levels, for graduation from them and for access to professional activities "(parts 2-5 of Art. 33 of the Italian constitution). "All Germans," says Article 12.1. of the German Constitution of 1949, "have the right to freely choose for themselves ... the place of education." And although "all schooling is under the control of the State" (Article 7.1. of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany), "the right to open private schools is guaranteed. Private schools, as substitutes for public schools, need permission from the State and are subject to the laws of the lands. Permission is granted if private schools according to their educational goals and organizations, as well as the scientific qualifications of their teaching staff, are not lower than state ones and if they do not encourage the separation of students depending on their property status of their parents. measure" (7.5. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany).

What kind of education is compulsory in Russia

A special procedure is established in the German Constitution for the organization of private public (primary) schools (Article 7.5. of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany).

Freedom of religious education.

The Constitution of Russia does not consider questions of religious education. Only Article 28, on freedom of conscience, refers in general terms to "the freedom to disseminate religious and other beliefs". Meanwhile, a number of states attach constitutional importance to these issues. "State authorities guarantee the right of parents to give their children an education that corresponds to their religious and moral convictions" (Article 27.3. of the Spanish Constitution). "Persons entitled to raise children have the right to decide on the participation of these children in religious education," says the Constitution of Germany (Article 7.2.). And further: "Religious education is a compulsory subject in public schools, with the exception of non-denominational schools. Without prejudice to the right of supervision of the State, religious education is carried out in accordance with the basic principles of religious communities. No teacher can be obliged against his will to conduct religious education" ( article 7.3.).

Summing up, we can say that the right to education (including guarantees) is reflected in the 1993 Constitution of Russia. without sufficient completeness, which will necessarily affect the level of legal regulation in the educational sphere. True, in the Russian Constitution. The Federation has an unprecedented mechanism to compensate for legislative gaps: “The generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation are an integral part of its legal system. .). Thus, for example, questions about the freedom to choose the place of education and the freedom of religious education in Russia will in any case be resolved in accordance with Art. 13.3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Russia participates in the Covenant as a successor of the USSR, which ratified this treaty back in 1973), which says:
“The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to respect the freedom of parents and, where appropriate, legal guardians, to choose for their children not only schools established by public authorities, but also other schools meeting such minimum requirements for education as may be established or approved or approved by the State, and ensure the religious and moral education of their children in accordance with their own convictions."

Another opportunity to fill in the gaps in Russian constitutional norms lies in the federal structure of the state: general issues of upbringing and education are in the Constitution of Russia under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (clause "c" Article 72.1.), And the Government of Russia only ensures the conduct of a unified state policy in the field of education (clause "c" article 114.1. of the Constitution). Outside this framework, the subjects of the federation have full state power and can adopt any legal acts on education that do not contradict the Constitution of Russia (Articles 73, 76.3., 76.4., 15.1. of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

So, it's up to the practice of applying the new Constitution.

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Levels of education in the Russian Federation

On September 1, 2013, a new law “On Education” came into force in Russia (the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, approved by the Federation Council on December 26, 2012). According to this law, new levels of education are established in Russia. The level of education is understood as a complete cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements.

Since September 1, 2013, the following levels of general education have been established in the Russian Federation:

preschool education;
primary general education;
basic general education;
secondary general education.

Vocational education is divided into the following levels:

secondary vocational education;
higher education - bachelor's degree;
higher education - specialty, magistracy;
higher education - training of highly qualified personnel.

Let us dwell in more detail on the characteristics of each of the levels.

Levels of general education

Preschool education is aimed at the formation of a common culture, the development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities, the formation of the prerequisites for educational activities, the preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children. Educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the versatile development of preschool children, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including the achievement by children of preschool age of the level of development necessary and sufficient for their successful mastering of educational programs of primary general education, based on an individual approach to children of preschool age and activities specific to preschool children. The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.

Primary general education is aimed at shaping the personality of the student, developing his individual abilities, positive motivation and skills in educational activities (mastery of reading, writing, counting, basic skills of educational activities, elements of theoretical thinking, the simplest skills of self-control, a culture of behavior and speech, the basics of personal hygiene and a healthy image life). Getting preschool education in educational organizations can begin when children reach the age of two months. Obtaining primary general education in educational organizations begins when children reach the age of six years and six months in the absence of contraindications for health reasons, but no later than when they reach the age of eight years.

Basic general education is aimed at the formation and formation of the personality of the student (the formation of moral convictions, aesthetic taste and a healthy lifestyle, a high culture of interpersonal and interethnic communication, mastering the basics of science, the Russian language, skills of mental and physical labor, the development of inclinations, interests, the ability to social self-determination).

Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Children who have not coped with the programs of one of these levels are not allowed to study at the next levels of general education.

Levels of vocational education

Secondary vocational education is aimed at solving the problems of intellectual, cultural and professional development of a person and aims to train qualified workers or employees and mid-level specialists in all main areas of socially useful activity in accordance with the needs of society and the state, as well as meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education. Persons with an education not lower than basic general or secondary general education are allowed to receive secondary vocational education. If a student under the program of secondary vocational education has only a basic general education, then simultaneously with the profession, he masters the program of secondary general education in the process of learning.

Secondary vocational education can be obtained in technical schools and colleges.

Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation

The model regulation “On an educational institution of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institution)” gives the following definitions: a) a technical school is a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training; b) college - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements the main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training and programs of secondary vocational education of advanced training.

Higher education aims to ensure the training of highly qualified personnel in all major areas of socially useful activity in accordance with the needs of society and the state, meeting the needs of the individual in intellectual, cultural and moral development, deepening and expanding education, scientific and pedagogical qualifications. Persons with a secondary general education are allowed to study undergraduate or specialist programs. Persons with higher education of any level are allowed to master the master's programs.

Persons with an education not lower than higher education (specialist or master's degree) are allowed to master the training programs for highly qualified personnel (postgraduate (adjuncture), residency programs, assistantship-internship programs). Persons with a higher medical education or a higher pharmaceutical education are allowed to master the residency programs. Persons with higher education in the field of arts are allowed to master the programs of assistant-internship.

Admission to study in educational programs of higher education is carried out separately for bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs, training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel of the highest qualification is carried out on a competitive basis.

Admission to study under master's programs, programs for training highly qualified personnel is carried out according to the results of entrance examinations conducted by the educational organization independently.

Undergraduate- This is the level of basic higher education, which lasts 4 years and has a practice-oriented character. Upon completion of this program, the graduate of the university is issued a diploma of higher professional education with a bachelor's degree. Accordingly, a bachelor is a university graduate who has received fundamental training without any narrow specialization, he has the right to occupy all those positions for which their qualification requirements provide for higher education. Examinations are provided as qualification tests for obtaining a bachelor's degree.

Master's degree- this is a higher level of higher education, which is acquired in 2 additional years after graduating from a bachelor's degree and involves a deeper mastery of the theoretical aspects of the field of study, orients the student to research activities in this area. Upon completion of this program, the graduate is awarded a diploma of higher professional education with a master's degree. The main objective of the Master's program is to prepare professionals for a successful career in international and Russian companies, as well as analytical, consulting and research activities. To obtain a master's degree in the chosen specialty, it is not necessary to have a bachelor's degree in the same specialty. In this case, obtaining a master's degree is considered as a second higher education. As qualification tests for obtaining a master's degree, examinations and the defense of the final qualifying work - a master's thesis are provided.

Along with the new levels of higher education, there is a traditional type - specialty, the program of which provides for a 5-year study at a university, after which the graduate is issued a diploma of higher professional education and is awarded the degree of a graduate. The list of specialties for which specialists are trained was approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1136 dated December 30, 2009.

Based on materials: http://273-fz.rf/

Natalia

Good evening! If a child of 15-16 years old has completed 9th grade. And he does not want to study further, do parents bear responsibility to the state and what? And in general, in Russia today in 2018, what kind of compulsory education is 9 or 11 classes?

Total answers: 2

Answer of the lawyer (Malkhasyan Voskan Frunzikovich)

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Compulsory education in the Russian Federation - This article describes in detail about compulsory education in the Russian Federation, and everything you need to know about it. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every citizen of a minor age can receive compulsory education in a school institution. This article will tell you how to do this, what directions exist. And he will talk about special categories of citizens who can study at home and specialized organizations. - The structure of the education system The course of obtaining knowledge consists of federal, state, educational norms and requirements that provide: Common space; Course succession; Level and shape options; Quality guarantees; Structure and scope of appointment; Implementation of the rules; Learning result. The software has different categories and specifics. For example, preschool, primary and basic general, secondary general type of education. Activities designed to enhance the skills and knowledge of a student with average performance, such as educational plans for the development of secondary vocational. The plan for obtaining higher education includes preparation for obtaining a bachelor's degree, a specialist, a master's degree, postgraduate study, and residency. Education plans are developed by the institution that performs the functions of education, including in preschool education. Also, in addition to standard methods of training, distance and electronic study programs are used. Responsibilities in obtaining education At the moment, institutions providing knowledge are of the following types: Kindergarten or nursery (pre-school education); Grades 1-4 (junior elementary school group); 5-9 grades (basic); 10-11 grades (secondary). Based on the state law "On the Education of the Russian Federation", the mandatory program of knowledge is primary, fundamental and secondary. Obtaining a secondary general may be subject to reaching 18 years of age. Compulsory receipt of a school diploma is considered a civic duty by law. Such rights can have not only state support, but also a paid form, for example, obtaining a direction of a third specialty. Education in a school institution takes place at the place of residence and burdens them with indirect spending. Education in the areas of general education Primary learning activities contribute to the development of the student's personality, learning ability, motivation, and abilities. Also get the basic skills of reading, writing, speaking, its culture and the basics of personal hygiene and healthy lifestyle. The main educational culture is provided for obtaining aesthetic taste, moral convictions and rules of interpersonal and interethnic interaction. The study of different categories of sciences, the state language, as well as the development of mental and physical labor. The secondary general teaching contributes to the development of individual abilities, the fulfillment of tasks independently, the further plan and the receipt of a working profession. Also, an in-depth study of subjects of interest to the student can be added to the plan. If you refuse to acquire knowledge, the student cannot continue to improve it. There are also extensions of classes, they are created for more accurate assimilation, analysis of incomprehensible material and homework. For these reasons, education is a must. Special conditions of study For a full study of the course, both extension groups and the provision of a stay in a boarding school can be provided. In order to provide everything necessary (stationery, personal hygiene, clothes, shoes, etc.), the head has the right to underestimate the fee for this, or not to take it from certain categories of students (poor, orphans). The management does not have to take money for the provision of student services and for the maintenance and replacement of real estate, with the exception of an extension group. There are restrictions on receiving education in school and their standards for children who are sick or have limited mobility (diseases are specified in legislation No. 436), so they can be educated at home or medical rehabilitation centers. If a child has socially dangerous behavior, for such categories there are special educational institutions, closed or open. Age suitable for learning categories Acceptance for knowledge acquisition is allowed from 2 months from birth, and in general upon reaching 6.6 years, but no later than 8 years, or a restriction for health reasons. The first thing to do is to contact the school with a statement at the location. Refusal to accept may come due to insufficient number of places.

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Answer of the lawyer (Saenko Ivan Alekseevich)

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Good afternoon Taisiya, if you have not previously used the right to receive a free education, then you have the opportunity to get it!

Answer of the lawyer (Varvara Vitalievna Ganotchenko)

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Hello! No.

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Good afternoon.
In accordance with Art. 14 of the Federal Law of May 31, 2002 No. 62-FZ "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation", foreign citizens and stateless persons who have reached the age of eighteen and have legal capacity are entitled to apply for admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation in a simplified manner without complying with the conditions provided for paragraph "a" of the first part of Article 13 of this Federal Law, if the said citizens and persons:
a) have at least one parent who has the citizenship of the Russian Federation and lives on the territory of the Russian Federation;
b) had the citizenship of the USSR, lived and live in the states that were part of the USSR, did not receive the citizenship of these states and, as a result, remain stateless.
Therefore, Tatyana, if your father really has the citizenship of the Russian Federation, then you can obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation in a simplified manner by submitting an application to the FMS of the district where you are currently registered.

Artem

Hello! Please tell me, can I apply for citizenship of the Russian Federation, I am a citizen of the Republic of Armenia, since 1995 I have lived in Volgograd, I graduated from school in the Volgograd region, I have only Russian education, I can’t even read Armenian, thanks in advance

Total answers: 1

Lawyer's answer (duty lawyer)

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Hello! In accordance with Art. 13 of the Federal Law of May 31, 2002 No. 62-FZ "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation", foreign citizens and stateless persons who have reached the age of eighteen years and have legal capacity, have the right to apply for admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation in the general manner, provided that the specified citizens and persons
a) reside in the territory of the Russian Federation from the date of obtaining a residence permit and until the day of applying for admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation for five years continuously, except for the cases provided for in part two of this article. The period of residence on the territory of the Russian Federation is considered continuous if the person traveled outside the Russian Federation for no more than three months within one year. The period of residence on the territory of the Russian Federation for persons who arrived in the Russian Federation before July 1, 2002 and do not have a residence permit is calculated from the date of registration at the place of residence.
Thus, if you have a residence permit and have been living in the territory of the Russian Federation for more than 5 years, then you have the right to apply for admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation in the general manner.

Portal for the student. Self-training

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