Why knowledge is needed in the modern world. Why do you need new knowledge? We are learning to...

Suppose you are quite healthy, but the “granite of science” still does not lend itself to your teeth?

Figure out what's stopping you. Perhaps, first of all, one should ask the question: why do you need the knowledge that you get at school? Let's try to answer this question.

When you were little, your mother or grandmother, showing you some object, such as a ball, asked: “What is this?” And you gladly called out the word you were taught. It is no coincidence that the famous Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus said: "If you do not know the names, the knowledge of things is lost." That is, if you do not know the names and do not understand what the word means, then you will not be able to learn anything about the objects themselves. At school, you learn to read and write those words that you learned the meaning and pronunciation of when you were a baby. And with each school year you learn more and more about new objects and words, unprecedented secrets open before you. And ahead of them is even more, it seems impossible to exhaust them!

In addition to words denoting individual specific objects (“pen”, “ball”, “doll”), at school you will get acquainted with general - not only concrete, but also abstract - concepts (“kindness”, “peace”, “nature”) . You will learn to understand the meaning of new words for you. You will have to learn and remember a lot of information about new subjects for you - such as, for example, “society”, “state”, “people”. Why do you need all this knowledge?

The world in which we all have to live, grow, grow up is huge, complex, contradictory, sometimes even dangerous. Agree that you will have to learn a lot and be able to do a lot to find your place in this world.

In a few years you will have to choose a profession, and you will not be able to do this if you are not well prepared in basic school subjects. Without mastering the knowledge, you will not be able to open up, which means you will lose as a person. But if you take your studies seriously, then in the future you will be able to achieve no less glory than, say, Sofia Kovalevskaya or Anna Akhmatova.

You have to learn how to communicate with people in a variety of situations. Surely now you are having problems in relationships with peers, but they can be avoided. To do this, you need to be able to understand the motives of the behavior of other people, to understand them. Be attentive in the lessons of literature and history. Perhaps the heroes of fiction, as well as real-life heroes, will tell you by their example how to get out of difficult troubles with honor.

By the way, the famous ancient Greek orator Cicero said about history that she is the mentor of life. History will tell you about the laws and rules by which various states were built. Like Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, you will learn "how the state grows rich and why it does not need gold."

Learning your native and foreign languages will help you to better master your speech and not get lost when meeting foreigners. Excellent knowledge of the language allows people to expand their horizons, teaches them to express their thoughts clearly, accurately and witty. It will be easier for you to communicate with your peers and build relationships with adults.

Botany, biology, chemistry, geography will reveal to you the secrets of nature and its laws.

Everything that you see around you can be understood, explained and predicted. As soon as you are out of the diaper, the first thing that your infant gaze falls on is moving objects. Movement is a phenomenon that we encounter all the time: animals run, planes fly, cars drive, rivers flow, rocks fall down from mountains. What makes things move? To describe and explain the process of movement, man had to learn to observe and measure. Or, for example, another interesting phenomenon - heat. You know ice is cold. And iron becomes hot in the sun. Water, when it boils, turns into steam. And so, when a person found out that in winter it is enough for him to heat water to drink tea and keep warm, it became easier for him to live. And what would you be doing now (just imagine!), if there wasn’t such a refrigerator you are used to at home, and in the summer it wouldn’t have your favorite ice cream in it? ..

Or here are some other questions (there are so many!): If you rub a comb against your hair, it will begin to attract pieces of paper to itself. And in the sky before the rain, thunder rumbles and lightning flashes. These phenomena are connected with electricity. And why, for example, under the rays of the sun the sky is blue, and the sunset is red? If you want to learn, study physics. It draws a picture of the world around in time and space.

But physics cannot do without mathematics. Mathematics, like physics, develops spatial imagination - that is, the ability to understand and mentally represent the location of objects in space. Having mastered physical and mathematical knowledge, you will become more resourceful and quick-witted.

Do not allow gaps in the knowledge of mathematics. Don't be afraid to be dumb and ask questions.

However, this applies to any subject, remember that even the most intelligent people cannot understand everything the first time. If you feel that you have not fully understood the topic, it is better to immediately raise your hand and ask the teacher than to frantically rummage through the textbook, looking for the answer to the question that has arisen.

So, the more you accumulate knowledge, the smarter you become and the better your brain develops. The knowledge that you get at school makes your life interesting and rich, and no one needs unlearned fools today.

Every day, hour, minute and even second in the world there are changes. We cannot stand still, but must keep pace with progress. To do this, you need to develop, absorbing various information from everywhere.

Recipe for success

The future of any person depends on the baggage of knowledge that is behind him. They will help build a solid foundation of precise goals and strong life positions. Knowledge comes to us from the outside world, flows throughout our consciousness and leaves traces for many years.

A smart person is a huge creative force that entails wisdom, wealth, love, longevity. Only perseverance and the desire to learn something new will give great success in any business. Anyone who reads a lot gets a large vocabulary in return. With each read book comes a clear understanding of the world, a character, life mores and principles are built. It is very pleasant to communicate with such people, you can learn a lot of new things from them.

Whoever has knowledge wins everywhere. (proverb)

Forward to perfection

Being comprehensively developed is not only interesting, but also useful for life. With knowledge, a person becomes self-sufficient, without demanding anything from anyone in return. All world merits, from the smallest to the global scale, belong to designated, intellectually developed people. The world around us continues to improve only with the help of new knowledge.

Knowledge prepares a person for the future. In order to achieve success in life, leaving a mark, as well as to become useful to society, you must always strive to learn new things.

The history of mankind has more than one thousand years. During this time, people have gone through many stages of development, learned to use the environment, learned the secrets of nature. Technological progress has reached great heights: science does not stand still. What was the reason for such a growth of man, what helped him to move from the Stone Age to the age of high technology? I think it's knowledge.

In the early period of development, people were very vulnerable, and for survival it was necessary to learn as much as possible about the world around them in order to understand how to avoid danger. People came up with new ways to get food, learned how to build houses, tamed animals. Observing nature, man made a calendar, which helped a lot in housekeeping. New tools, inventions, technologies… All this has appeared thanks to knowledge.

Knowledge plays an important role in the development of mankind. Where do we get them from? There are many ways to find out. We get knowledge from observations, our own experience, books, the Internet and television, from other people. They may be necessary or useless, but they are necessary at least for the general development of man and society as a whole. What gives knowledge? First of all, the development of science and technology. Scientists in laboratories study objects and phenomena, thereby pushing scientific progress forward. Our lives have undoubtedly improved with the invention of electricity, automobiles and new means of communication, so the acquisition of new knowledge has also had a positive effect on the standard of living of people and their comfort.

More knowledge gives freedom. The more a person is aware of the surrounding objects, phenomena and events, the more he orients himself in the world around him, and the more difficult it is for someone to impose his will on him. People whose knowledge is very extensive tend to rise above the rest and are able to manage those whose stock of knowledge is small.

If a person knows and can do a lot in some area, and even better, if these are several areas, then he becomes a master of his craft and due to this he becomes freer, because now he depends on fewer people and is able to provide himself with a decent life.

But the knowledge itself is not enough, it is also important to be able to apply them in life, which is written in the paragraph above. If you know a lot, but you can't use it, how much good will come from it? Knowledge should be useful not only theoretically, but also practically. As the famous Italian poet Francesco Petrarch said: “What good is it that you knew a lot, since you did not know how to apply your knowledge to your needs?” Therefore, it is not enough to study only theory, you must also be able to apply the knowledge gained in practice.

As we can see, knowledge is of great importance in people's lives. Without them, the progress that we have now would not have been possible. Maybe we would still live at the level of the Stone Age, if we did not strive for knowledge. Everything we know makes us stronger and better, giving us the ability to influence the course of life.

Knowledge is power! And the more we know, the more we develop and move forward. I hope that in the future people will learn a lot of new things and use this knowledge wisely to improve the world we live in.

Why is education needed? It seems to be clear that a person should be able to read, write and count. But why? Why know classical Russian literature? Is it really impossible to live without it? Yes, of course you can. When asked who wrote "War and Peace", a student of the Pedagogical University answered - "Dostoevsky". So what? It is not a fact that she will marry less happily than those who know the correct answer. Rather, on the contrary, because a smart and educated girl has more sophisticated requests.

Most students lean on their studies while their more successful peers start working. And, as practice shows, when the former graduate from a university with honors and look at job advertisements in confusion, which indicate a mandatory work experience of a year or two, the latter manage to move up the career ladder quite well. So why is education necessary?

The answer to the question about the goals of education is not at all obvious. And if a student begins to ask questions about why he needs this or that discipline, it is not easy to formulate a convincing answer. Usually they start talking about utilitarian benefits, like that mathematics is needed to count money, and Russian is needed to write letters. These answers are followed by natural objections that money will be able to count anyway, the main thing is if it were, this same money; and letters may not be written at all. And they really write less and less. What about biology? In order to eat mushrooms, it is not at all necessary to know their place in the Linnean classification. Physics? In order to use a socket, an iron, a light bulb or even a TV, knowledge of the theory of electricity is not at all necessary.

Many people think that higher education is necessary for a decent income. However, some earn well, having only an average. Maybe for professional growth or for social status? For general development or for the realization that you are no worse than others? Or did one of you want to experience all the joys of student life? Or maybe there are those who study because their parents want it that way?

In 2007, a survey was conducted of 1,600 respondents aged 18 and over. One question was posed: “Why do we need education? Why do they go to college?” The motivation of the people was quite serious and deliberate. 51% of the respondents sought to earn more through higher education, 44% - after graduating from the university to take a higher position in society, the same amount to gain knowledge, 36% wanted to do interesting work, 26% studied for general development, 13% wanted to be respected by others of people, 9% decided to study because it is customary, 6% just tried to avoid the army, 3% decided to have a great young years, and 3% did not consider it necessary to get a higher education at all.

Here are the most common opinions on the subject:

A diploma of higher education at the beginning of a career provides additional advantages for growth, a kind of impetus. Well, if you work in the field of education, it helps in work. And of course, a diploma is a different status.
Higher education is necessary for general development, but to use it or not is a personal matter for everyone.
To better navigate life. This is not only a sum of knowledge, but also a way of thinking.

There is another common opinion about education.

If the question “why is education necessary?” you answer: “in order to become a successful person!”, then you need not education, but the ability to use information.

As a rule, in all universities they teach the same thing - the ability to obtain information and then skillfully use this information in life. All the formulas or historical dates that you so reverently studied before the exam, as a rule, disappear from your memory. But the skill of obtaining knowledge will remain with you forever. And now, if necessary, you can easily find forgotten formulas in certain sources and perform the necessary actions with them.

For some people, this information processing skill is innate. And they can easily put it into practice, like, for example, Microsoft founder Bill Gates. The billionaire entered Harvard in 1973 and was expelled from there two years later. This did not stop him from becoming one of the richest people in the world. After 32 years, the university management decided to retroactively make Gates their graduate, thus honoring his special merits.

Those who do not have the abilities of Gates must receive education in order to develop skills in working with information. It gives an idea of various aspects of knowledge organization: methods of obtaining them, classifying, transferring, storing, protecting, etc.

So, we can draw some conclusions. Education increases a person's chances for a successful career, and with it, for a successful and prosperous life. One can argue with this statement by saying that now there are a lot of wealthy or even rich people around who do not have a higher education. Yes it is! But they made their money in an era of change, when leadership was valued over education. And now, when the situation is becoming more and more stable every year, specialists with the necessary knowledge come out on top. And they are very difficult to get without education.

1. Utilitarian: education serves the needs of the economy and politics. For the economy, education prepares a worker, a specialist (labor force); for politics (the state, authorities), education educates, prepares a loyal, law-abiding conformist.

2. Cultural: education is the reproduction of the people (in the limit - humanity).

The utilitarian approach to education defines a person and his current and future life activity as a means for some external goals for him. The cultural approach to education defines the individual as an end in itself. If we interpret morality traditionally, according to Kant, then it is easy to see that the utilitarian approach to education is fundamentally immoral, while the cultural approach is fundamentally moral. The utilitarian approach to education is, of course, a capitalist approach, and the cultural approach, of course, is communist (if you like, socialist).

To understand the essence of the problem, a simple, "everyday" analogy is useful. Why is there a child in the family? The answer is utilitarian: in order for him to be useful, he works around the house (economics) and honors his parents (politics). It is easy to see that this approach to the child is characteristic of the "traditional", patriarchal family. The answer is cultural: so that he lives his own full life. His own full-fledged life may well (and should) include both benefiting and honoring his parents, but this is by no means exhausted.

With a utilitarian approach to education, it is natural that the entire sphere of education is led by the state, which represents both power and the economy. With a cultural approach to education, the sphere of education is led by society, while the state here performs purely service, and not command, functions. The main task of the state here is not the management of education, but the financial, material and organizational support for its successful, effective work.

Most of today's graduates do not work in their profession. Teachers, lecturers, engineers, doctors, due to lack of places or meager wages, work as assistant secretaries, office managers, administrators, salespeople, etc. But in order to answer the phone, make coffee, shift pieces of paper from pile to pile and write a report once a month, higher education is not required at all. However, employers want to see a cleaning lady with a specialist diploma, a security guard with fluent English. It turns out that absolutely everyone needs a “crust”. But why education is needed, the majority cannot answer. For them, this is an eternal question!

Let's see how knowledge works.

This is what we find in the scientific literature about the essence of knowledge.

Knowledge is a form of existence and systematization of the results of human cognitive activity. Knowledge helps people rationally organize their activities and solve various problems that arise in its process.

Knowledge in a broad sense is a subjective image of reality, in the form of concepts and ideas.

Knowledge in the narrow sense is the possession of verified information (answers to questions) that allows solving the task.

Knowledge (of a subject) - a confident understanding of the subject, the ability to handle it, understand it, and also use it to achieve the intended goals.

But as you know, the official point of view is not always correct. Therefore, let's get acquainted with the opinion of the people. Here is a point of view that has many supporters. Let's quote it.

“People have always strived for reasoning and loved to reason, loved to think and admire their thoughts. They just did not understand why they were doing it, who needed their knowledge. Therefore, they decided that other people needed their knowledge, and began to distribute it right and left. But these were not knowledge, but beliefs, as a person's point of view on any phenomenon. So went the logical chain of knowledge that we lay in the heads of our children. Therefore, children become like us. We deprive them of their own opinion, their own face, their own choice. After all, a small child has no knowledge and no convictions. Therefore, he trustingly listens to his parents. And what can he do - no one needs us except our parents. Parents have their own beliefs, their own stereotypes, which they pass on to their children. At the same time, they pass off their beliefs as knowledge.

What is the meaning of knowledge? Why do people need to poke their nose everywhere? Where to look for real knowledge? In nature? It is rich, for example, in medicinal plants that can help all living organisms. But people invented medicine to keep their health. Even earlier, they invented weapons to lose this health. Every day we destroy it in every possible way and again we run to the doctor. The desire for knowledge is the first human prejudice. The only meaning of knowledge for man is to gain intelligence. How long have we gone to this! Long centuries of fuss and madness, frivolity and delusion. Billions of nonsensical books and hundreds of erroneous scientific theories. And after all, all science, together with the ingenious system of education, is absolutely helpless in front of a small creature taking the first steps in life. We can only convince ourselves that this is not our fault. And with such conviction we continue to yell at the student during the lesson.

The new generation goes to prison in orderly rows or hits drunkenness and drug addiction, they continue to have fun with the senses, and for them there is nothing more valuable than electronic knick-knacks. We, full of knowledge, are forced to indulge their desires by inventing new toys for them.

Consider the nature of the dispute. Each of the arguing people defend their point of view so passionately that it seems as if everyone really has knowledge. Then it is not clear why they argue! If knowledge is true, then it is the same for everyone. We do not live in parallel worlds and the dispute with absolute knowledge is absurd.

Why do people find out with each other the intricacies of their relationship to each other? Why are economic relations within the country and with other countries so confused that it is necessary to study hundreds of books in order to understand anything in them. For some reason, primitive insects like bees can produce several times more honey than they can consume without any theory of economics. Maybe all our knowledge of economics is a prejudice that a person cannot work for free, because bees do it successfully?

Is it possible to find such knowledge in our science, after mastering which our brain would no longer doubt anything, and could answer any question, find an objective explanation for everything and know the truth?

Half of all human knowledge is filled with superstition, and God is called the truth. God allegedly created us all and thought a little, and now man is suffering, waiting for death and the eternal kingdom of heaven. Philosophy textbooks are thus fairy tales and epics.

Man has no absolute knowledge of himself. All there is is guesswork and prejudice. In psychology, ideas about personality are blurred. Such concepts as consciousness, awareness, stereotype, thinking, feeling, desire, will are not precisely defined. The concepts of psyche and soul are invented. There is no real idea of character and temperament. Philosophy does not present clear knowledge about reason and logic, justice, morality and morality. In biology, the concepts of reflex and instinct are confused, and also the work of the brain and consciousness is not described in any science, and there is a misconception that thinking is the highest nervous activity of a person, and animals do not think, but are programmed by instincts. In addition, in logic, a person is considered smart if he is expressed in a complex language of scientific terms. However, it is simply ignorance and arrogance to speak when none of the listeners understands you! In a reasonable society, everyone has an objective idea of everything, objective knowledge that is the same for everyone, because they reflect reality.

By the way, in our science, egoism, as the meaning of life, is not registered in any subject. We call all people personalities, without distinguishing this concept from egoism. Apparently, scientists have always been suppressed both by statesmen, who told them what to write, and by their previous colleagues, who forced them to rely on their works and re-read hundreds of previous books, winding their brains with more and more logical conclusions.

Thus our sense of knowledge is a delusion. Our prejudices are a stereotype of the thinking of our ancestors, who were mistaken and passed on their delusions to us. Let's take an example. You have been told that your friend is a traitor. You don't know for sure if that's true or not. Therefore, everything will depend on the evidence that will be presented to you. Initially, you doubt, and this already means that 50 percent of you have been proved that this is so. In addition, the brain itself and without you provides evidence of the meanness of a friend when it gives you memories of those moments when you suspected him of betrayal. This will create prejudice. If you are given strong evidence, then a stereotype will already be formed in which your friend will forever remain a scoundrel. And you will give out this stereotype as a feeling of knowledge of people and their propensity to betray. But in reality, you will never know for sure whether he betrayed you or not, even if he himself tells you about it. The brain perceives as reality what the sense organs give. We will get full confidence if our eyes see. But the eyes can also be deceived. When the brain does not have absolute knowledge, it perceives prejudices as knowledge and itself offers the closest evidence that lines up in logical chains. If these chains contradict each other, they cause doubts and fears.”

Isn't this point of view filled with pessimism?

By the way, distrust of knowledge is manifested in most people. Here are the results of a small survey on the question of why knowledge is needed:

	Number of respondents
To get a good job
Just like that, for beauty
To show off
Not needed at all

None of the respondents associate knowledge with such higher ideals as comprehension of the laws of Nature, improvement of human life, etc. Maybe, of course, the respondents do not belong to academic scientific circles. But these circles just constitute such a minority, which, against the background of the rest of the population, forms, in statistical terms, simply noise, a neglected calculation error.

In general, a person's attitude to knowledge deteriorates as he grows up. The more knowledge he acquires, the more clearly doubts about their expediency form in his head. When you spend a lot of time studying something, somewhere subconsciously the thought is born that all this is not just for nothing, but for the sake of some real future deeds. Since the knowledge of the classics, the geniuses of literature, has been hammered into your head by spending a huge amount of time and effort, then you need to somehow justify these costs in practical terms, otherwise why was all this done? Naturally, this is done so that, standing on the shoulders of the titans, somehow in a fit of inspiration to give out something reasonable, kind, eternal, and, moreover, up-to-date. Perhaps the teachers (at least some of them) adhered to some extent to these beliefs, but somehow not too persistently and consistently. They worked (and are still working) under the pressure of methods, programs and instructions issued from above, which say a lot about how and what knowledge needs to be hammered into the minds of students, but little is said about why, in fact, this knowledge is needed, what do with them.

There is also an opposite point of view on knowledge - optimistic. Here is one of its interpretations.

“In order to move forward, we need desires and knowledge about the world.

Desires are the fuel for our internal "motor". Without desire, it will be difficult for us to move forward in order to change the status quo. Any, even the most insignificant test, will inspire us with fear and anxiety. The mind will obediently prompt us with many excuses why this or that action is impossible, undesirable or untimely.

A person who truly wants does not look for excuses. He looks for opportunities - and if he cannot find them, he creates them himself. He does not wait for approval or permission, he writes permission for himself and puts the world before the fact: "I want this, and you must reckon with it."

But desire alone is not enough. In order for the potential to become a reality, and desires to turn into achievements, a person must use his internal resources and the resources of the world around him as efficiently as possible. To do this, he must objectively evaluate these resources. He should know his own strengths and weaknesses, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of those around him. He needs a clear and reliable knowledge of how the world works, by what mechanisms it works.

No matter how strong our desire may be, it can only be realized in the context of a system of universal laws. The strength of our desire will not override the laws of physics, chemistry, psychology, or human motivation for us. Understanding the role of laws and willingness to cooperate with them distinguishes a truly successful person from an empty dreamer.

The world seems hostile only to people whose knowledge of the world is shallow and fragile. Only the ignorant send curses to the world and want to escape from it to another, ideal world. Reality is more beautiful and richer than we imagine - but only for those who are willing to work to bring its treasures to the surface.

So, two points of view - two polar views on knowledge. Complete rejection of knowledge and inspired reverence for it is the reality in which we live. They say that the truth is always somewhere in the middle. Whether it is possible to find such a middle ground in this case is difficult to say.

Indeed, our knowledge is imperfect, and therefore cannot be absolutely trusted. However, we have no other knowledge, and we have to be content with what we have. It's not all that bad, though. We launch rockets into space, drive cars, live in warm houses, communicate on the Internet. Yes, rockets can explode, cars can break down, houses can collapse, and the Internet can turn into an information dump. But we can successfully deal with such phenomena, so that, in general, knowledge is beneficial. And the usefulness of knowledge determines its value to us.

The concepts of "value" and "usefulness" are often considered as synonyms. However, this is only true in economics. In general, value is a characteristic of objects and phenomena, denoting the recognition of its personal and / or socio-cultural significance. Value - the positive or negative significance of the objects of the surrounding world for a person, social group, society as a whole, determined not by their properties in themselves, but by their involvement in the sphere of human life, interests and needs, social relations; the criterion and methods for assessing this significance, expressed in moral principles and norms, ideals, attitudes, goals. There are material, socio-political, spiritual, eternal values; positive and negative values.

It can be seen that the same knowledge for different people have unequal value. It's all about our individual characteristics. For a person with mathematical abilities, the value of higher mathematics will be very high - it brings material benefits and intellectual pleasure. For people deprived of such abilities, mathematics will be useless. Accordingly, it will not be of any value to them. For a musician, musical notation is valuable - he benefits from it for himself by playing the violin or piano for money. For a mathematician, deprived of an ear for music, musical notation will not have any value - it is useless for him.

Of course, these arguments are somewhat simplified. In fact, the picture is much more interesting. Everyone understands that knowledge can be useful and indirect. For example, a theoretical mathematician with his knowledge of higher algebra, group theory, etc. can find a physical pattern that will be useful to everyone else. And it turns out that the knowledge of mathematics, which is useless for the majority, is turned into usefulness for them through a theoretical mathematician. That is why people finance fundamental sciences and support educational institutions. Thus, knowledge becomes "eternal values".

It happens that valuable knowledge for a person does not bring him any benefit. This can happen for many reasons. For example, a person ends up on a desert island and his knowledge of ancient philosophy becomes useless for him. Or, as a result of a political upheaval, an ideology that is valuable to a large part of the population collapses.

The opposite can also happen, when some events make knowledge valuable for many people, which previously did not represent any value for them. So former engineers in a market economy become realtors, financial brokers, and so on. And who knows what knowledge may be useful for us in the future!?

Of course, knowledge is needed in order to benefit a person. But that's only part of the picture. In general, our judgment about knowledge is shaped by individual characteristics, the system of values and the current situation in society. Knowledge that is useful at the moment, as a rule, has a high value. But what is valuable today may lose its value tomorrow, and vice versa. For the layman, the value of this or that knowledge is purely utilitarian. For a talented person, knowledge that contributes to the development of his talent will have value. There are creative people for whom knowledge is valuable just by itself, and so on. etc. Therefore, to the question why knowledge and education are needed, each person answers in his own way. And there is no universal answer!

Now a few words about the difference between knowledge and information.

See how easy it is to get missing information, such as what knowledge is! Clicked the mouse on the hyperlink - and the information is in front of your eyes. Not in my head, but on the screen. You don't know what knowledge is, but you know how to find it. And why then open a book, or abstract? Why beat yourself up? It will be necessary - and then I will read it!

So it seems that the whole difference between an educated and uneducated person, in fact, is only that the first knowledge is “in the head”, and the second is “on the screen”. It remains to be seen whether there are any advantages to "knowledge in the head" over "information on the screen."

Try to put the new information to good use. It will take you a lot of time before you achieve the first success. And a knowledgeable person will do it very quickly. In his head, everything is already “sorted out” according to the optimal application scenarios.

Take any unfamiliar scientific or technical book. You have to sweat a lot to understand what is written there. Perhaps for this you will have to pick up a number of books that explain what was written in the first book. Information does not turn into knowledge immediately. Knowledge includes understanding information. And understanding comes only as a result of a successful learning process.

In order for the learning process to be effective, a number of conditions must be met. First, the information must be intelligible. Secondly, it must be properly structured. Thirdly, additional information should always be at hand, which may be required to clarify incomprehensible terms, concepts and methods. Fourthly, the studied information should be associated with the already studied. Fifth, the information must be searched. To ensure that all these conditions are met, backmology was created.

Backmology helps to turn information into knowledge. Those who want to save a lot of time on studying economics, management, psychology, business organization can rely on backmology - it can significantly reduce the process of self-education.

For many centuries, mankind has accumulated and systematized knowledge. It is no coincidence that cases of their loss can be literally counted on the fingers. Knowledge and experience was passed down from generation to generation, first orally, and then in the form of books. Possessing certain practical knowledge, a person no longer wastes time on their independent acquisition, but uses them with gratitude. Anyone who seeks to achieve something must make the most of not only his abilities and internal resources, but also the resources of the world that are provided to him as a knowledge system. He needs clear and reliable knowledge about the structure of the world and the mechanisms by which it exists. Possession of knowledge about the laws of the existence of the world allows you to avoid unnecessary and useless actions and use your resources with maximum effect. As much as he wants to, he cannot act against the laws of physics, or psychology. A literate and pragmatic person is distinguished from an empty dreamer and a fool by knowledge of the laws of nature, an understanding of their role and a willingness to use them in their activities. People who do not have knowledge see the world as hostile and incomprehensible. Their destiny is obscurantism and faith in the elemental will of higher powers. But even imperfect knowledge benefits people, and this benefit is a measure of their value, significance for and human activity. The value of the same knowledge for different people can be different, it is determined by their individual characteristics and needs. Technical knowledge will not be of value for people of creative professions, and humanitarian ones for. But for a harmoniously developed person, all the knowledge that forms his ideas about the world around him, the forms and laws of its development is beneficial.

Portal for the student. Self-training

Recipe for success

Forward to perfection

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