In Antarctica. The word "hemisphere" means half a sphere, and since our planet is a sphere (ellipsoid) oblate at the poles, it is divided into two hemispheres.
Due to the large amount of water in the Southern Hemisphere, the climate here is milder than in the Northern Hemisphere. In general, water heats up and cools more slowly than land, so water near any land area tends to have a moderating effect on the climate.
The Southern Hemisphere, like the Northern Hemisphere, is also divided into several different regions based on climate. The most widespread is the Southern Temperate Zone, which runs from the Tropic of Capricorn to the beginning of the Arctic Circle at 66.5 ° south latitude. The area has a temperate climate characterized by high rainfall, cold winters and warm summers. Some countries located in the southern temperate zone include most of Chile, Uruguay, South Africa, all of New Zealand and the southern regions of Australia.
The area immediately north of the southern temperate zone, located between the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn known as the tropics, has high temperatures and high rainfall throughout the year.
South of the Arctic Circle is the Antarctic continent. Antarctica, unlike the rest of the Southern Hemisphere, is not heated by the large presence of water because it is a very large land mass. In addition, it is much colder here than in the Arctic in the Northern Hemisphere for the same reason.
Summer in the Southern Hemisphere lasts from December 21 or 22 to the autumnal equinox on March 20. Winter lasts from June 20 or 21 to the spring equinox on September 22 or 23. These dates are due to the tilt of the Earth's axis, which in the period from December 21 (22) to March 20, in the Southern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, while during the period from 20 ( 21) June to 22 (23) September, it is tilted away from the Sun.
Coriolis effect in the southern hemisphere
An important component of the physical in the Southern Hemisphere is the Coriolis force and the specific direction in which objects are deflected in the southern half of the Earth. In the Southern Hemisphere, any object moving over and on the Earth's surface is deflected to the left.
Because of this, any large air or water mass south of the equator spins counterclockwise. For example, large ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere turn counterclockwise. In the northern hemisphere, these directions reverse as all objects lean to the right.
In addition, the left deflection of objects affects the airflow. For example, high atmospheric pressure systems (anticyclones) in the Southern Hemisphere move counterclockwise due to the Coriolis Effect. On the other hand, low atmospheric pressure systems (cyclones) move clockwise.
population of the southern hemisphere
Map of the distribution of the world's population
Since the Southern Hemisphere has a smaller land area than the Northern Hemisphere, the population here is much smaller (about 800 million people). Most of the world's population (about 90%) and its largest cities are located in the Northern Hemisphere, although there are large cities in the Southern Hemisphere, such as Lima (Peru), Cape Town (South Africa), Santiago (Chile) and Auckland (New Zealand).
Antarctica is the largest landmass in the Southern Hemisphere, and the largest on the planet. Despite its large area, the continent is practically undeveloped by people due to the extremely harsh climate. All people in Antarctica are workers at research stations, most of which operate only during the summer.
Despite its small population, the Southern Hemisphere is incredibly biologically diverse, as most of the rainforests are found in this half of the Earth. For example, the Amazon rainforest is located almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere, as are other biologically diverse places such as Madagascar and New Zealand. Antarctica also has a significant diversity of species adapted to the harsh climate, such as emperor penguins, seals, whales, and various types of plants and algae.
constellation map
southern hemisphere
Constellations are arbitrarily taken stellar groups, as they are seen from the earth and completely independent of the actual distances and possible interconnection of the stars. The division of stars into constellations dates back to the deepest antiquity. Most of the constellations transmitted to us by the Arabs from the Greeks undoubtedly originated in the primitive pre-Semitic cultures of Mesopotamia. The main place among them is occupied by the zodiac constellations. The themes for the zodiac constellations were the hoary legends of primitive mankind, ideas about its fate, less often the personification of astronomical and meteorological phenomena. The oldest names of the constellations were abbreviations for myths.
Astronomer Jan Hevelius
Ptolemy in his work "Almagest" canonized the following 48 ancient constellations, which are still called Ptolemaic. Zodiac constellations: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces. Northern constellations: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Dragon, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Andromeda, Perseus, Bootes, Northern Crown, Hercules, Lyra, Cygnus, Charioteer, Ophiuchus, Snake, Arrow, Eagle, Dolphin, Foal, Pegasus, Triangle. Southern constellations: Whale, Orion, River, Hare, Dog large, small, Ship, Hydra, Bowl, Raven, Centaurus, Wolf, Altar, Southern Crown, Southern Fish. Ptolemy did not consider Coma Veronica to be a separate constellation.
Arab stargazers, in addition to lunar houses, gave various names for individual bright stars. Having become acquainted with the astronomy of the Greeks and having translated Ptolemy's Almagest, they changed some names according to the position of the stars in the drawings of the Ptolemaic constellations. In the 12th century, a Latin translation of the Almagest from Arabic was made, and in the 16th century, directly from Greek, according to found manuscripts. The stars of the southern hemisphere, unknown to Greek astronomers, were broken down into constellations much later. Some of them were outlined by the Arabs.
There is no doubt that the navigators of the 15th and 16th centuries (Vespucci, Corsali, Pigafetta, Peter Medinsky, Gutman) gradually assembled new constellations during their travels to the southern seas. They were put in order by Peter Dirk Keizer. During his stay on the island of Java (1595), he identified the locations of 120 southern stars and placed constellation figures on them. The following 13 constellations were included in the Bayer (1603) and Bartsch (1624) atlases based on the Keyser inventory: Phoenix, Goldfish, Chameleon, Flying Fish, Southern Cross, Water Snake, Fly, Bird of Paradise, Southern Triangle, Peacock, Indian, Crane, Toucan. Of these, the Southern Cross was known to Ptolemy and was part of the Centaurus.
The current names of the constellations and stars represent an amalgam of these lists and translations. The ancient drawings of the constellations are completely lost. Only distorted figures on Arabic globes of the thirteenth century have come down to us; for example, on a globe in the Borghese Museum in Veletri (1225), in the Mathematical Society in Dresden (1279), in the London Astronomical Society, etc. At the beginning of the 16th century, the famous Renaissance artist Albrecht Dürer painted the constellations according to their description by Ptolemy.
Unfortunately, not a single original copy of Dürer's drawings has survived. Dürer's drawings, modified by other artists, were reprinted in the star atlases of Bayer (1603), Flamsteed (1729). Then the figures of the constellations of the newest layout appeared. Currently, constellation drawings are no longer printed. The merit of expelling the "menagerie" from astronomical atlases belongs to Harding. He published in 1823 a celestial atlas, where only the boundaries of the constellations were plotted.
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Southern Hemisphere … Russian spelling dictionary
Southern Hemisphere - … Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language
It represents the hemisphere of the Earth, with the center located at coordinates 47.216667, 1.533333 ... Wikipedia
It represents the hemisphere of the Earth, with the center located at coordinates 47.216667, 178.466667 ... Wikipedia
In stereometry, half a sphere. In geography, the following hemispheres of the Earth are distinguished: Northern hemisphere Southern hemisphere Western hemisphere Eastern hemisphere Hemisphere of land Hemisphere of water In biology, the following hemispheres of the brain are distinguished: ... ... Wikipedia
southern ocean ring- A current in the World Ocean encircling the Southern Hemisphere between Antarctica and the southern extremities of three other continents, where the resulting water transport is directed to the east. Syn.: the course of the westerly winds... Geography Dictionary
- ... Wikipedia
HEMISPHERE, hemispheres, cf. (book). 1. Half of a geometric ball obtained by dividing it by a plane passing through the center (mat.). || An object that has this shape. Hemispheres of the brain (two parts of the large human brain and ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
HEMISPHERE, I, cf. 1. Half of the ball, as well as an object of this shape. Hemispheres of the brain. 2. One of the halves of the globe or celestial sphere. Northern settlement. Southern settlement. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Books
- Double surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and sailing around the world in 1819, 1820 and 1821, F. F. Bellingshausen. In the first quarter of the XIX century. a significant historical event occurred: Russian (Russian) sailors during an expedition to the southern hemisphere of the Earth and around the world discovered a new, sixth continent - ...
- Magnetic puzzles Map of the constellations of the starry sky: Southern Hemisphere (1031) , . Every child sooner or later begins to ask questions about the stars in the sky. New magnetic puzzles of the astronomical series will help to satisfy his interest. This map of the southern hemisphere of the Earth ...
There are four continents on Earth: Antarctica, America, Afro-Eurasia and Australia. The number of officially recognized continents is six: Africa, Eurasia, South and North America, Antarctica and Australia. There is an opinion that the continents are not 6, but 7: in the territory inhabited by penguins, there is no life around the South Pole with huge blocks of ice, but many scientists still consider it to be another continent.
We all went to school, studied geography and know that the equator - the central parallel of the Earth - conditionally divides our globe into the Northern and Southern hemispheres, each with its own characteristics. Which continents are in the Northern Hemisphere and which are in the Southern? After all, it so happened that not all continents belong strictly to one of the two hemispheres: the equator "divides into parts" Africa and Eurasia, as well as South America.
The remaining three continents belong entirely to one or the second of the hemispheres. Therefore, if you are casually asked in which hemisphere the mainland of North America is located, then the correct answer will be in the North, while Antarctica and Australia are located in the South.
Comparison
What is the difference between the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern?
What continents are in the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth?
It turns out that the Northern Hemisphere is more civilized, inhabited by almost all people on the planet and includes almost all the land area on Earth.
Eurasia
It is divided by the equator, and its European part belongs to the Northern Hemisphere. As for Asia, this hemisphere includes all countries except for almost all of Indonesia and East Timor.
It stretches over more than 54 million square meters, and is the only continent that is washed by oceans on all sides. Eurasia owes its diversity of relief to its location on 6 tectonic platforms. Here are the highest mountains and the deepest lake - Baikal. A third of the population of the planet Earth lives in 108 states of this continent.
North America
This continent is 100% located in the Northern Hemisphere. In total, it includes 23 states.
On all sides, North America is washed by oceans, its central part is represented by a plain. The original inhabitants of the mainland are Indians and Eskimos.
South America
It would be interesting to know not only which continents are in the Northern Hemisphere and which ones are in the Southern Hemisphere, but also which countries are included in them. Entirely in the Northern Hemisphere are such countries of South Africa as Venezuela and Guyana, French Guiana and Suriname. As for the partial location, it characterizes countries such as Brazil, Colombia, and also Ecuador. Po occupies more than 17 million square meters and is washed by the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the area is represented by plateaus and plains. The indigenous people are the Indians.
Africa
Part of which continent is located in the Northern Hemisphere (two thirds of its territory), and part is in the Southern? This is Africa. The following countries are completely located there: Algeria and Benin, Gambia and Burkina Faso. It also includes Ghana and Djibouti, Guinea-Bissau and Egypt. Countries such as Western Sahara, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, as well as Liberia, Mauritania and Morocco are also included in the "above the equator" part. This also includes Niger, Senegal, Tunisia, Ethiopia and many other countries - they can be seen on map Partially in the Northern Hemisphere are Gabon and Uganda, Kenya and Congo, as well as Somalia.
The African territory has more than 30 million square meters and is represented mainly by plains and mountains. The longest river, the Nile, flows here, the mainland is divided into five regions and includes 62 countries.
Oceania
Entirely in the Northern Hemisphere are the Marshallese state of Palau, Micronesia, and partly - the country of Kiribati.
