Academic subjects- training courses taught in schools in Russia and other post-Soviet states.

The name is also used to designate academic disciplines in professional educational organizations and educational institutions of higher education.

Based on the results of each quarter (in grades 1-9), trimester (in some schools), semesters (10-11), and each academic year, students are graded. After the end of the school course of study in academic subjects, final exams are taken and, if the student wishes to continue his studies, entrance exams to universities.

In the 9th and 11th grades, exams in the Russian language and mathematics are mandatory in the forms of the OGE (for grades 9) and the Unified State Examination (for grades 11). In addition to the main subjects, the student can take any number of additional ones. This is usually recommended for admission to a specialized class after the 9th grade and is required for admission to a university after the 11th grade.

List of subjects studied at school (11 years of study)

Mathematical

• Mathematics: grades 1-6 (in some schools up to grade 5)
• Algebra
• Geometry: Grade 7-11 (in some schools from Grade 5)
• Informatics (ICT): grades 5-11 (in some schools from grades 7-8) preparatory grades 1-4, as an elective.

Social science

As part of history, from the 5th grade they study World history and the history of Russia (including the history of the USSR). In grade 5, geography also begins (sometimes called natural history).

• Story: 5-11 grades. In grades 3-4 (not in all schools), a propaedeutic course “stories on the history of Russia” is studied, which considers only selective events in Russian history and (in the sense of maps of military operations) with the release of significant details. In the 5th grade, the history of the Ancient World is studied, in the 6th grade they are studied in world history - the History of the Middle Ages, and in the history of Russia - the period from ancient times to the 16th century. In the 7th-8th grades in world history, the History of Modern Times is studied, and in the History of Russia in the 7th grade the period of the 17th-18th centuries is studied, in the 8th grade - the history of the 19th century. In the 9th grade, it is studied in world history - the history of modern times, and in the history of Russia - the history of the 21st century. In grades 10-11, the history of Russia and the world is studied in the form of a problem-analytical course, where students must work with the problem proposed by the authors of the textbook. In the 10th grade - from ancient times to the end of the 19th century, and in the 11th grade - the 20th century - the beginning of the 21st century.
• Geography: 5-11 grades. In grades 5-6 - a general course of geography, in grade 7 - the physical geography of the world, in grades 8-9 - the geography of Russia (in grade 8 is physical, and in grade 9 is economic), in grades 10-11 - economic geography of the world.

natural science

• Natural History: Grade 5 (not everywhere)
• The world around us or the world around us: grades 1-4
• Geography: grades 5-11 (in some schools from grade 6)
• Biology: 5-11 grade
• Astronomy: Grade 10 (in some schools in Grade 11)
• Physics: grades 7-11 (in some schools from grade 5)
• Chemistry: Grade 8-11 (in some schools from Grade 7)
• Fundamentals of Life Safety (OBZh): 5-11 grades (in some schools from grade 8)
• Natural science: grades 5-11 (not everywhere). According to the FC GOS 2004, in grades 10-11 it was possible to replace this subject with physics, chemistry and biology, if none of these subjects is studied at the profile level.
• Ecology: 5-11 grades (not everywhere). The obligatory minimum content of education includes the section “Ecology”, while this subject is not included in the basic curriculum.

Teaching natural sciences starts from the 1st grade, (The world around us or the World around us), in the 5th grade this subject has the name " natural history”, according to the FC GOS, it is possible to study the subject “Natural Science” in the 6th grade by combining the subjects “Biology” and “Geography”.

The study of chemistry usually starts from grade 7 or 8 (grade 7-9 - inorganic chemistry, at the end of grade 9 - organic, grade 10 - organic chemistry, grade 11 - general chemistry and repetition of inorganic chemistry)

Humanities

• History : (3)5-11 grades
• Civics: grades 5-11 (not everywhere)
• Social science: Grades 5-11 (in some schools from grade 6). From grade 5(6)-9, the basics of social science are studied. The official name of the subject is "Social Science (including Economics and Law)", in grades 10-11 at the basic level, subjects can be studied both separately and as part of the "Social Science" subject. At the profile level, subjects are studied separately from each other.
• Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics: 4th grade. As an experiment - since 2010 in certain subjects of the Russian Federation. Compulsory in all schools since 2012. Includes:

• "Fundamentals of Islamic Culture"
• "Fundamentals of Buddhist Culture"
• "Fundamentals of Jewish Culture"
• "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures"
• Fundamentals of spiritual and moral cultures (ODNK) In grade 5 (not everywhere)

Philological

• Calligraphy: Grade 1 (not everywhere) (usually as an elective)
• Literacy: Grade 1
• Native language: 1-11 grades. Only in republics with their own language or national regions or schools with an ethno-cultural component. In these schools, in grades 1-2, it was allowed to "borrow" hours for this subject, provided for the development of "technology" and "fine arts" with the subsequent "return" of these hours.
• Russian language: 1-9 grade

• Reading: grades 1-4, in the BUP of the Russian Federation it is called "Literary reading"
• Literature: 5-11 grades
• Foreign language: 2-11 grades (in some schools from grade 1) (English, French, German, Spanish, others can be studied (Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Chinese, Polish, Ancient Greek, Hebrew, Estonian, Latin), but an exam in the form of an exam can be pass only in these languages)

In grade 1, students study reading (literature) and writing (native language or Russian), Russian (spelling, punctuation, syntax, grammar, rhetoric). From grades 1 to 8, various foreign authors and Russian literature (including modern) are taught in literature lessons, from 9 to 11 - Russian classical literature .. Schoolchildren write compositions. Previously, two marks were given for essays - in Russian language and literature. The works of writers and poets are studied - mainly Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Yesenin, Tvardovsky, contemporary writers.

Many schools provide for the study of more than one foreign language. At the same time, in most schools it is obligatory (as the first or as the second) to study English. Among the languages ​​for which the USE is not provided, Chinese is the most common.

Previously, it was possible to distribute the hours provided for the development of the subject "Foreign language" in grades 2, 3, 4 into Russian language and literature. Now there is no such possibility.

Labor training

Physical Education

• Physical culture: grades 1-11. As a rule, it takes place in various places (gym, stadium, forest), where students go in for sports.
• Various sports, possibly by choice or as an elective, for example:
  • Chess: 1-4 grade. (in some schools from grade 2)
  • Volleyball: 4th-6th grade.

School is a place where a person receives a knowledge base that will help him find his occupation in life and vocation. The list of subjects at school is very diverse, and this helps the student to determine the direction in the exact or

The first thing with which learning begins is the Russian language, reading and mathematics. The main task in the first months is to accustom the child to perseverance and patience, diligence and accuracy, the desire to learn something new.

In addition to the main subjects, they also include disciplines such as drawing, technology, the world around us, singing and physical education, so that the child expands his horizons and can thus find his hobby.

From grades 4-5, a foreign language, religious culture and secular ethics are added, which expands the boundaries, opens up new directions.

Russian language and mathematics lessons

Russian language and mathematics are the main subjects that start from the first and end in the 11th grade. These two subjects are considered the basis of all the basics, because without them it is difficult to write or calculate anything, and in life it will be difficult to do without studying these subjects. A person can only speak, but his speech will be illiterate.

Unlike the Russian language, which is studied all school years, mathematics is divided into 2 areas in the 7th grade: algebra and geometry.

In elementary school, a student learns basic skills: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, actions with fractional numbers, and only then algebra appears with the study of a coordinate system and a system of equations, as well as geometry, where they study vectors, stereometry, planimetry.

Biology, geography, history and computer science lessons

The list of subjects at school does not end with the main subjects. Such sciences as biology, chemistry, physics, history and social studies or geography lessons can become very interesting and exciting, where you can learn about the entire planet: in the classroom, children study the types of soils, minerals, climate and population of the globe, continents, countries and much more.

Thanks to such subjects, the student understands more and more what he would like to do after receiving his basic education, where he would like to go to study after school. Russian language and math bring out the humanities and fine minds, and additional required subjects help find direction.

For example, if a child fell in love with "The World Around The World", then biology and chemistry, then perhaps he wants to become a doctor or go to study as a pharmacist in order to create new drugs.

What subjects are missing at school?

All the subjects that are taught in schools today, from Russian language and literature to geometry lessons and a second foreign language, should form an educated person who will find his way in life. But some scientists argue that there should be an additional list of subjects in school that are sure to come in handy in life:

1. Applied Mechanics - Many children find subjects like algebra and geometry to be very boring. But if all the rules and new topics were put into practice, surely more people would be carried away by the exact sciences.
2. Latin is the basis of the Romanesque group. Thanks to the knowledge of Latin, you can easily learn not only English, but also French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese.
3. The history of philosophy is a complex discipline that can not be understood even after school. However, such a subject will teach you to think in a more detailed, systematic way and help you get some ideas that may be useful in life.

In addition to these subjects, you can also add the study of martial arts, film production, familiarity with the directions of religion, music.

It doesn't matter whether you decide to educate your child on your own by choosing a family education, or send it to a school, lyceum or gymnasium, study assistants are never superfluous. We have selected 35 sites with which the study of the school curriculum will become a real holiday for both the child and the parents.

1. interneturok.ru is a real storehouse, there are video lessons, simulators and tests for all school subjects from grades 1 to 11.

2. stellarium.org - a stunningly beautiful program that simulates a planetarium. Indispensable for anyone interested in astronomy, given that this subject will soon appear in the school curriculum.

You can search for nebulae and galaxies on this site for hours.

3. slovo.ws - the site has ready-made homework in various subjects and textbooks, but sections with online versions of school textbooks and biographies of Russian writers are more valuable here.
4. study.ru - "high-speed" English lessons for beginners.
5. briefly.ru is 2000 works of the school curriculum in a summary.
6. lingualeo.com - an interactive service for learning English. There is free and extended paid access (the cost for a year is comparable to 2-3 lessons with a tutor).
7. gostei.ru - a large online children's library that contains the texts of program works on literature from grades 1 to 11.

On the portal you can read software works online

8. gramota.ru - a huge reference and information portal on the rules and complexities of the Russian language.
9. nashol.com - a portal that contains links to useful resources, books and texts in all subjects of the school curriculum.

On the site you can find textbooks and assignments in many school subjects.

10. learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org - an interesting service for learning English for students of varying degrees of preparation.
11. litra.ru - a site with a huge number of biographies of writers, summaries and full texts of literary works and hundreds of critical articles.
12. math-prosto.ru - mathematics program from 1st to 11th grade, preparation for exams in the subject and ready-made homework.
13. loviotvet.ru - online solver and calculator with solutions of examples and equations in mathematics of varying complexity.
14. fizika.ru - textbooks, problem books, laboratory work and tests in physics for students in grades 7-9 and physics teachers.
15. nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru - project of the Department of General Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University. Lectures on physics and a separate section for schoolchildren "Popular about science".
16. chem.msu.su/rus/elibrary/ - collection of publications in chemistry, contains textbooks and workshops on the subject, developed, among other things, at Moscow State University. Lomonosov.
17. orgchem.ru - interactive multimedia textbook on organic chemistry for schoolchildren.
18. ebio.ru - an electronic training course "Open Biology" with division into areas "Botany", "Zoology", "Man", "General Biology" and "Ecology".
19. zooclub.ru - a mega-encyclopedia about animals inhabiting the planet.
20.nsportal.ru is a national project that collects author's developments and presentations of teachers in all subjects.
21. do.gendocs.ru - an educational portal with a huge number of lectures, reports and reference books on various subjects.
22. krugosvet.ru - universal popular science online encyclopedia.
23. dic.academic.ru - universal dictionary and interdisciplinary encyclopedia.
24. bibliotekar.ru - electronic library of non-fiction
25. uchi.ru is an online platform where students learn school subjects in an interactive and fun way. In addition, subject Olympiads are held here and archives of already held Olympiads are stored.
26. reshi-pishi.ru - interesting quests and tasks in mathematics, logic, reading and English for children aged 5-10.

Pixelmania is one of the most interesting tasks on the site, children can do it for a long time.

27. nachalka.info - a collection of elementary school lessons from grades 1 to 4 in mathematics, the Russian language, the world around and literacy. Access is paid, but the cost for a year does not exceed a thousand rubles.
28. kvantik.com - a magazine dedicated to entertaining questions and problems in mathematics, linguistics, physics and other sciences.
29. childrenscience.ru - online courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, architecture, art history, linguistics.
30. getaclass.ru - free educational videos and lessons in physics and mathematics.
31. foxford.ru - online school from 5th to 11th grade. The resource has preparation for the OGE, USE and Olympiads.
32. metaschool.ru - Internet circles and Olympiads in foreign languages, chess, mathematics and science subjects for students in grades 1-9. Access is paid.
33. native-english.ru - a convenient and simple service for learning English.
34. math24.biz - math service for students in grades 5-11. Detailed analysis of topics and step-by-step problem solving.
35. translate.ru - online translator from a dozen languages, as well as grammar for English, German and French.

P.S. Do you want to learn about the most interesting children's books and receive discounts on the best novelties?Subscribe to our newsletter . The first letter is a gift.

I’ll make a reservation right away - this is my personal opinion as ex-schoolgirls and mothers. Albeit subjective, but justified. It's just a shame to watch how children and teachers spend a lot of energy, time and nerves on useless lessons.

The school curriculum is such a thing that more than one hundred copies have been broken. And it seems that every year it is changed, long-suffering: one thing will be added, then another will be removed. Either they juggle astronomy, or dance with a tambourine around the lessons of Orthodoxy. What do we really want from a school? To give a person knowledge that will be useful to him in life? Fundamentals of comprehensive development? Interested in further study of the subject?

I remember my own studies. I know what my own daughter is being taught now. And I have my own rating of the most useless school subjects.

1. OBZh - the basics of life safety

This is an absolute hit. What is worth only deciphering the abbreviation! She herself is unsympathetic. And in the long form - this is some kind of stillborn set of words. The basics of life safety, if you think about it, are taught to the child by parents. Do not climb into boiling water, do not grab a hot stove, pass the knife correctly and cross the road. And at school? In our country, this subject was taught by a former military man, who enthusiastically told how to behave during a nuclear explosion. Yes, do not behave, you will die anyway. And me too. And I, like a real hipster in headphones, will die without even realizing what happened. And knowing how to properly put on a gas mask will not help at all.

No, knowledge of how to pump out a drowning person, how to wash off pepper gas from the face or bandage hands and feet will certainly come in handy. But memorized military ranks (!) Or the practice of writing essays on the topic “Ideal Soldier” - hardly. Meanwhile, the first paragraph is usually limited to instructions like "In any incomprehensible situation, apply ice and call an ambulance." (What practice? Why are you?) But the second point is presented quite extensively. And, in my opinion, this is an extremely mediocre waste of time. The essay can also be written in Russian.

What to replace: first aid classes, how to recognize a stroke, how to act in emergency situations (lost, for example). And it would be nice to explain what kind of help a person who finds himself in such a situation is entitled to - from the police, from doctors and officials.

2. Labor education

In the form in which it exists now, it is an anachronism. For example, I was taught to embroider. Guys, seriously? Embroidery can become a hobby. But give it school time? Of course, the basics of cooking or sewing will come in handy. True, it is hardly worth sewing an apron or a skirt at school. All the same, only a few will do it in life. “It would be better if they taught how to darn socks. Or put patches on jeans, ”I muttered, drawing out a machine line manually with a needle. What for??? Why do I need these skills? However, I don’t even darn socks - I send them to the trash with an unwavering hand. And my daughter was taught to sew on a manual machine. Apparently, in case it falls into the Stone Age and electricity is cancelled.

What about kitchen design? As soon as it comes to my own kitchen, I will be my own designer, and not a single school textbook will tell me here.

Boys are taught to grind, saw and plan. No, not bad, of course. Although I have not seen a single adult man who enthusiastically knocks together stools. No, I'm lying. I saw one. He makes a living doing this. In general, a stool is much easier to buy than to make. Of course, I welcome the ability to hold a hammer in my hands. But a milling machine is unlikely to appear in my family nest.

What to replace: why not teach girls style lessons since we decided to raise a lady? The appropriateness of make-up, the compatibility of colors and elements of clothing - everything is better than embroidery. Manicure, maybe even the basics of hairdressing. Again, it would be useful for career guidance.

What about boys? You know, for sure every woman has a dream that her man could fix a faucet or a sink. Do you know many men who knew anything about the sink before you asked to fix something there? And one more, in my opinion, useful skill is to understand cars. Change the wheel, fasten the terminal on the battery. Know how the hood opens.

And certainly neither one nor the other would benefit from driving lessons. At least on the stand, at least the beginning, the basics. Personally, I would trade any hoop for driving practice.

3. Physical education

Do not rush to throw slippers at me. I am not advocating to stop being active. But there are nuances. In most schools, physical education is taught well, just miserable. In general, they do not count as a lesson. On the one hand, not every school has the opportunity to teach swimming, for example, or skating. And there is no possibility to take a shower either. And it sucks.

On the other hand… I don't even know. Maybe a tradition? After all, for the last 30 years, physical education lessons look the same: for most of the quarter we play the fool, play volleyball, stand in a circle, or chatter. And three or four lessons out of the whole quarter we pass the standards like crazy. Moreover, the majority can neither do push-ups correctly, nor sit down, nor pull themselves up. Maybe they learned the rules of the game in the same volleyball or basketball? Nope. What did you do for so many years in physical education? Unclear.

But we wrote essays. About the same basketball. This is how couch fans grow up.

And yet - my, personally, my physical education teacher was so mediocre that he trusted the most active students from my class to conduct relay races. They themselves came up with the stages, they carried them out themselves. We felt incredibly cool. For me, relay races ended when I broke my arm right in the lesson. After this incident, one kind of gym scared me to hiccups. And my own appearance scared the teacher to hiccups.

What to replace: basics of self-defense and choreography. It will be useful for both. And also - at least some theory of a healthy lifestyle: nutrition, metabolism, other basics of fitness.

It is difficult for a child to study in elementary school. It is a fact. But the transition to the 5th grade is much more difficult for children. Why? New teachers, new requirements, new subjects… Often, due to unbearable workload, children's academic performance falls, there is increased fatigue, frequent illnesses. Therefore, many parents are interested in the question: what subjects will be studied in the 5th grade? You will find the subject list for 2018-2019 in this article.

Difficulties 5th grade

Studying in elementary school, the child is already accustomed to a certain teacher, a certain attitude towards himself. And then in an instant everything changes:

1. One of my classmates goes to a new school.
2. Sometimes there is an association of students from parallel classes.
3. New items are added.
4. There are many new teachers with their own requirements that you have to get used to.

For most children in Russia, such changes cause great stress. Therefore, parents play an important role in the adaptation of the child to new learning conditions.

Grade 5: what subjects are studied?

After graduating from grade 4, many children - some with joyful impatience, some with apprehension - are waiting for an important event in their lives - the transition from elementary school to secondary school.

And the fifth graders have something to look forward to:

• meetings with several new teachers at once instead of one well-known primary school teacher;
• the opportunity to look at the rooms of physics or biology that were previously inaccessible and have long attracted with their exhibits;
• acquaintance with new subjects, and subjects in the 5th grade are striking in their diversity:

№	Thing	Who leads the subject
1	Russian language	Conducted by a teacher of Russian language and literature
2	Literature
3	Mathematics	Mathematics teacher (from grade 7 he will teach algebra and geometry, that is, 2 separate subjects)
4	Informatics	In some schools from grades 2-3 as an elective. In some schools from 6th grade. Led by a computer science teacher
5	Foreign language	This subject starts in 2nd grade. Only one language can be learned.
6	natural history	Biology teacher
7	Geography	Geography teacher
8	Story	Led by a teacher of history and social studies
9	Social science
10	Music	Music and singing teacher
11	ISO	Drawing teacher
12	life safety fundamentals	OBJ teacher
13	Physical Education	Physical education teacher
14	Technology	There are changes after elementary school. The class is divided into 2 groups (boys and girls). Only up to 8th grade

In some schools in Russia, as well as in Moscow, additional subjects are also studied. These lessons could be:

• Local history.
• Rhetoric.
• ODKNR (foundations of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia).

Help from parents

Even in the 3rd and 4th grades, the child learns the basic concepts of the Russian language and mathematics. This learning is always fast paced. It seems that the child is learning everything diligently. But how well does he know everything?

Often in the Russian language lessons in the 5th grade, the Russian language teacher, for example, asks for the name of a particular part of speech. Children raise their hands, willingly answer. But! You can hear a lot of answers to the question. This suggests that the basic knowledge of many children is missing or forgotten during the summer holidays.

Why is this happening? The fact is that in elementary school, in the classroom and at home, these concepts were memorized, but not fully understood. And I couldn't understand the material.

There is really a lot of knowledge in the minds of the children who have passed to the 5th grade. But how to use them, children do not always know how.

Important: to form the child's ability to hear and analyze, extract the necessary information from memory and logically build an answer.

In the 5th grade, many new subjects will be added. And here the child's ability to work with printed material, with text, with a word comes to the fore.

Recently, there has been a decrease in the ability to analyze textual information:

• highlight the main
• find the right answer to the question.

It's much easier for kids today. They "google" information on the Internet. The list includes sites where you can read the answer to the question.

Of course, modern technologies have made life easier, but at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the child learns to highlight the main information himself. To do this, back in the 4th grade, while doing assignments in literature or natural history, discuss what you have read with your child, ask him questions on the topic.

How to help a future fifth grader in the summer?

The 5th grade material usually begins with a review of the facts already known from elementary school about the subject. If the child studied well in elementary school, then it will not be difficult for him to remember the material covered.

If the student had difficulties in learning, then parents should think about helping the child improve knowledge before school. A good solution in this case would be:

• "Summer school" in a private training center;
• lessons with a tutor.

It is also recommended during the holidays to give the future fifth grader good books that are age appropriate. Moreover, it does not have to be literature that children will study in the classroom. Even vice versa! It is better to read what is not taught in school. Otherwise, interest in reading is lost.

Often, children who have moved to the 5th grade forget how to write some letters over the summer. Give them small texts that need to be rewritten in a notebook without errors. This will form the attention and spelling vigilance of the student.

During your vacation, travel with your children, enrich their knowledge about countries and cities, rivers and oceans. This will broaden the horizons of the child, allow him to more quickly navigate the school curriculum.

Here you can see the optimistic feedback of the fifth grader about whether it is easy to study in the 5th grade: