In 2018, the second part of the OGE in literature will remain unchanged. Graduates choose one of four topics and write an essay. Volume - at least 200 characters.

Below you have four essay options for answering task 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 as an example of the answer to the task of part 2 of the OGE in literature in 2017.

Open the demo version of the OGE in Literature 2017 and read the text on which we have to write an essay.

Essays for the OGE in literature

We analyze task 2.1

Satirical denunciation of officials in the poem by N.V. Gogol's Dead Souls.

Essay example for task 2.1

The poem "Dead Souls", written during the rampant years of the Nikolaev reaction, struck all of Russia. Dead Souls gives a broad social panorama of the first decades of the last century. When we read Dead Souls, we laugh at first. However, laughter soon gives way to reflection, it becomes bitter and painful for Russia. The comic in the poem only more clearly sets off the overall tragic picture of Russian reality.

The central place in the work is given to the images of landowners and officials. Unsightly portraits are replaced by others, even more unsightly, horrifying pictures of the life of provincial Russia follow one after another. Gogol describes in "Dead Souls" not some rare corners of Russia. He shows typical pictures of the most ordinary life of landowners, officials in the vast expanses of the country.

Among the city officials, shown by Gogol in Dead Souls, servility to the highest rank, bribery, petty philistine interests, and gossip flourishes. The rulers of the city do not burden themselves with concerns about urban improvement, but are very zealously engaged in their enrichment. The same police chief is an incorrigible bribe-taker who feels like a complete master in the shops of local merchants.

Gogol also speaks with irony about the level of education of city officials, emphasizing that some of them do not read anything at all. To match the male part of urban society, there were also ladies, whose main occupation was virtuoso gossip and dreams of rank and wealth.

The images of the peasants and the situation of the people are described sparingly. But even the little that Gogol shows speaks of the pernicious influence of serfdom, which makes the peasants dark and downtrodden. Thus, piece by piece, a terrifying picture of the life of landlord Russia is being formed. Gogol's poem became an exposure not of individual vices and shortcomings, but of the entire social system - deceitful, based on oppression and dishonesty; a piercing accusation of the entire existing way of life in Russia in the middle of the 19th century.

We analyze task 2.2

What philosophical questions does F.I. Tyutchev in his lyrical works?

Essay example for task 2.2

Creative consciousness F.I. Tyutchev was formed in an atmosphere of wisdom - a movement of thought and creativity that originated at Moscow University, where the poet studied. Being a professional diplomat and a born psychologist, in his works Tyutchev often refers to the philosophical themes of being.

Many of the poet's poems are devoted to reflections on the unknowability of the world, about life and death, about the role of man in the universe, about fate.

So, in the poem "Day and Night" (1839), the poet speaks of the illusory nature of the day and the power of the night. Day is an illusion, just a shell for the true world that opens at night. Night is a symbol of chaos, the original element, where everything came from and where everything will go. It is impossible to fully understand it, like the human soul, but that is why the night, so frightening, at the same time attracts us.

Another philosophical category - fate, fate - was reflected in Tyutchev's lyrics. Thus, the theme of fate-rock is developed in the poem "The Sea and the Cliff" (1848), where the opposition of fate and man is metaphorical. The raging sea is the rebellious nature of man, but the elements break on an impregnable cliff - a symbol of fate. And the wave calms down, pacifies, like a person tired of challenging fate.

A significant place in Tyutchev's lyrics is occupied by works dedicated to the unity of nature and man. The poet draws a parallel between man and the surrounding world, but says that people need to learn from nature to resist the hardships of life, to accept all changes humbly and with joy. Tyutchev often uses personification in his works, making nature alive, spiritualized with his help. This is what we see in the work “There is in the original autumn” (1857). The mood of the poem is a little sad, but peaceful. After summer labors, peace has come in nature. The winter storms are still far away, so there is time to enjoy your holiday. Everything in nature quietly lives its life, one season replaces another. The fading beauty of the surrounding world does not sadden, but only gives hope for a future revival. That is why, according to Tyutchev, nature should become an ideal for man.

Thus, in the lyrics of F.I. Tyutchev reflected the philosophical ideas of the unknowability of the world, the pressure of fate over man, the inseparable connection between nature and man.

Mary Kim. Grade 9 (2016)

We analyze task 2.3

Why V.G. Belinsky called Eugene Onegin "willy-nilly selfish"? (Based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin")

Essay example for assignment 2.3

The novel "Eugene Onegin" is indeed a multifaceted, encyclopedic work. So, touching on all aspects of Russian life, A.S. Pushkin created a picture of the life of a Russian person who belonged to the upper class.

Eugene Onegin is a young man of eighteen, but at such a young age he is already fed up with life, tired of the entertainment that fills his whole day. He was born and raised in St. Petersburg, a luxurious life led to the fact that Eugene from childhood was not used to denying himself anything. His whole life is aimed only at obtaining pleasure: clubs and theaters, dinner parties and dinners, balls, clothes in the latest fashion. The hero received a superficial education, as he was taught by a French tutor, who himself did not differ in great knowledge in the sciences. But even this is enough in the society where Onegin moves. He reads Adam Smith, understands political economy, but, unfortunately, he cannot use his knowledge anywhere:

Father could not understand him
And gave the land as a pledge.

He is not interested in literature:

He could not iambic from a chorea,
As we did not fight, to distinguish.

Art is also not interested: the ballet star of that time, the famous Evdokia Istomina, makes Onegin yawn.

But, according to the author, the main character is not to blame for being so spoiled. Onegin, paraphrasing the title of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov - "a hero of his time." It was the era, according to Pushkin, that shaped Eugene. Let us turn to history and remember that this was the time after the Decembrist uprising, when a number of harsh measures were introduced in the country ruled by Nicholas I, aimed at suppressing any freethinking. It was the Nicholas era that went down in history as the era of circulars, prescriptions, strict discipline and military drill. Belinsky writes that Onegin is a kind fellow, of whom there are many among people, but at the same time he is very different from those around him with his mind and originality. As an outstanding, thinking person, it was difficult for him to apply his talents anywhere, and, not placed in the conditions when it is necessary to work in order to feed himself, he directs all his strength to obtaining life's pleasures. Thus, Onegin, a selfish person in himself, having fallen under the influence of the era, becomes a hostage to the current socio-economic situation, that is, "an unwillingly selfish".

So, we see that Eugene, in order to somehow occupy himself, to get rid of boredom, tries to write, reads the works of various authors, but ... Not accustomed to constant work, he gives up everything as soon as he starts them. It would seem that the hero had a great opportunity to change his life - leaving for the village, but even there, having begun progressive changes and replacing corvée with dues, for which the peasant-slave "blessed fate", Onegin soon cools off to everything.
“The inactivity and vulgarity of life stifle him, he doesn’t even know what he needs, what he wants ...” - this is how Belinsky says about him.

Disappointed in life so early, Onegin brings only misfortune and pain to other people: because of his cowardice and inability to resist the opinion of the world, Lensky dies. Tatyana Larina, continuing to have feelings for Eugene, marries an unloved person. But, having read more carefully into Pushkin's lines, a smart reader understands: everything that he sees at the beginning of the novel is only the outer side of the hero's life, since the vanity and vulgarity of society did not kill his feelings. Belinsky, characterizing Onegin, in addition to the definition "egoist involuntarily", gave him one more thing - a "suffering" egoist. And indeed, he is grieving the death of Lensky, who died through his fault. He was able to appreciate the sad and silent Tatyana, to see her rich inner world, her originality, sincerity. Although tough enough, the hero honestly admits to the girl that he was not made for marriage and does not want to deceive her, since he cannot make her happy. A few years later, returning to St. Petersburg and meeting Tatyana again, Onegin falls in love with her. We see with what a sincere feeling his letter of confession burns, how he suffers from refusal. But here, too, the hero behaves selfishly in many respects: he is primarily concerned with his own emotions, and not with how Tatyana, a married woman, is experiencing the current situation.

Summing up all that has been said, it can be argued that Belinsky, calling Onegin "an unwitting egoist", meant that he, an unconditional product of his time, being an intelligent and outstanding person, could not find his life calling, did nothing for peace. And what makes him a “suffering egoist” is his inability to abandon the conventions of society, which he despises, and love, rejected at the beginning and so tormenting the hero at the end of the novel.

We analyze task 2.4

Image of war in the lyrics of Russian poets of the second half of the twentieth century. (On the example of the poems of one of the poets of the student's choice).

Essay example for task 2.4

The Great Patriotic War is an event that forever divided the history of our country into two parts: before and after. The theme of the war is reflected in all types of creativity: in cinema, and in painting, and in music, and, of course, in literature. The war "sounds" especially brightly in the lyrics of Soviet poets.

In our essay, we will consider how the events of the Patriotic War were reflected in the works of Bulat Okudzhava, for whom the war became one of the main topics. This is not surprising, since after the ninth grade he volunteered for the front. In the understanding of the poet, war is not only physical pain, first of all it is pain from experiences, separations, losses.

All the "military" poetry of Okudzhava is imbued with humanistic pathos - to remain a man even in the most difficult times.

“You spit on gossips, girls, / We will settle scores with them later ...” - he said so.
The poet will forever remain in our memory as the author of poems about the "unofficial war". There are almost no loud patriotic appeals in Okudzhava's lyrics; on the contrary, it speaks of the difficulties and inconveniences of military life:

Mosquitoes are calling.
They call, they call
Beside me.
Fly, fly -
They want my blood.

("First day on the front line").

And also about the completely understandable fear of death ... and how ashamed after such a fear:

I'm a little old...
there is no point in dying...
I didn't survive the night watch...
I haven't fired yet...
And I burrow into the damp leaves
and wake up...
I, leaning against the trunk of an aspen, sit,
I look into the eyes of my comrades, I look:
But what if someone was in that dream?
What if they saw me fight?

("First day on the front line").

In the poem "Goodbye, boys" Okudzhava finds very accurate images to show the life of ordinary people, their suffering, love, which had to be interrupted due to the hardships of the war. So, the image of white dresses given away to the younger sisters perfectly conveys the pain of realizing that happiness never happened:

Oh, war, what have you done!
Instead of weddings - separation and smoke.
Our girls dresses are white
They gave away to their sisters.

("Goodbye boys")

The poet does not bypass the unpleasant sides of parting. So, in the poem "The Song of Soldier's Boots" it is said about treason:

And where are our women, my friend<...>
They meet us and lead us into the house,
But the house smells of theft.

("Song about soldiers' boots")

Thus, we see that Okudzhava affects all human experiences.

Of course, the poet also shows the tragic side of the war. Death, an essential attribute of war, is presented visibly and clearly in his poems. But even when the poet calls to be persistent and die, if necessary, they are lyrical, tinged with tenderness and hope for a return:

No, don't hide, be tall!
Spare neither bullets nor grenades
And do not spare yourself, and yet
Try to go back.

("Goodbye boys")

But it also happens that there is no hope ... Then the poet shows how the courage of ordinary soldiers resists death, describing the state of which, the poet finds such accurate images and definitions that you understand: there is no death, as long as there are such people on earth:

Birds don't sing here
Trees don't grow
And only we shoulder to shoulder
We grow into the ground here.

The planet burns and spins
Smoke over our Motherland,
And that means we need one victory

One for all - we will not stand up for the price.

("We need one victory")

In conclusion, I would like to say that Okudzhava, who saw the war while still very young, rethought the essence of this tragedy until the end of his life. The war for the poet is the reason for the “dehumanization” of people, therefore, describing in his poems her life, difficulties, showing the inside of the war, he called for only one thing - to remain human in the most inhuman conditions.

Mary Kim. 9th grade (2016)

When writing this work “OGE in Mathematics 2018. Option 2”, the manual “OGE 2018. Mathematics. 14 options. Typical test tasks from the developers of the OGE / I. R. Vysotsky, L. O. Roslova, L. V. Kuznetsova, V. A. Smirnov, A. V. Khachaturyan, S. A. Shestakov, R. K. Gordin, A S. Trepalin, A. V. Semenov, P. I. Zakharov; edited by I. V. Yashchenko. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", MTSNMO, 2018 ″.

Part 1

Module "Algebra"

Show Solution

To add two fractions, they must be reduced to a common denominator. AT this case is the number 20 :

Answer:
5,45

1. In several relay races that were held at the school, the teams showed the following results.

Command	I relay, points	II relay, points	III relay, points	IV relay, points
"Hit"	3	3	2	1
"Jerk"	4	1	4	2
"Takeoff"	1	2	1	4
"Spurt"	2	4	3	3

When summing up the scores of each team for all relay races are summed up. The team with the most points wins. Which team won first place?

1. "Hit"
2. "Jerk"
3. "Takeoff"
4. "Spurt"

Show Solution

First of all, we summarize the points scored by each team

"Strike" = 3 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 9
"Dash" = 4 + 1 + 4 + 2 = 11
Takeoff = 1 + 2 + 1 + 4 = 8
« Spurt» = 2 + 4 + 3 + 3 = 12

Judging by the result: the first place belongs to the Sprut team.
Answer:
The first place was taken by the Octopus team, number 4.

1. On the coordinate line, points A, B, C and D correspond to the numbers: 0.098; -0.02; 0.09; 0.11.

Which point corresponds to the number 0.09?

Show Solution

On a coordinate line, positive numbers are to the right of the origin, and negative numbers are to the left. So the only negative number -0.02 corresponds to point A. The largest positive number is 0.11, which means it corresponds to point D (far right). Given that the remaining number 0.098 is greater than the number 0.09, then they belong to points C and B, respectively. Let's show it on the drawing:

Answer:
The number 0.09 corresponds to point B, number 2.

1. Find the value of an expression

Show Solution

In this example, you need to be smart. If the root of 36 is 6, since 6 2 \u003d 36, then finding the root of 3.6 in a simple way is quite difficult. However, after finding the root of the number 3.6, it must be immediately squared. So the two actions: finding the square root and squaring cancel each other out. Therefore we get:

Answer:
2,4

1. The graph shows the dependence of atmospheric pressure on altitude above sea level. The horizontal axis is the height above sea level in kilometers, the vertical axis is the pressure in millimeters of mercury. Determine from the graph at what height the atmospheric pressure is 360 millimeters of mercury. Give your answer in kilometers.

Show Solution

Let's find on the graph the line corresponding to 360 mmHg. Next, we determine the place of its intersection with the curve of dependence of atmospheric pressure on altitude above sea level. This intersection is clearly visible on the graph. Let's draw a straight line from the point of intersection down to the height scale. The desired value is 5.5 kilometers.

Answer:
Atmospheric pressure is 360 millimeters of mercury at an altitude of 5.5 kilometers.

1. Solve the Equation x 2 - 6x = 16

If the equation has more than one root, write the smallest of the roots as your answer.

Show Solution

x 2 - 6x = 16

Before us is the usual quadratic equation:

x 2 + 6x - 16 = 0

To solve it, you need to find the discriminant:

D = (-6) 2 - 4 * 1 * (-16) = 36 + 64 = 100

Since D > 0, the equation has two roots

x1 = (-(-6) + √100) / 2 * 1 = (6 + 10) / 2 = 16 / 2 = 8

x2 = (-(-6) - √100) / 2 * 1 = (6 - 10) / 2 = -4 / 2 = -2

Let's check:

8 2 - 6 * 8 - 16 =0

64 - 48 - 16 = 0

(-2) 2 - 6 * (-2) - 16 =0

Therefore, x1 = 8 and x2 = -2 are the roots of the given quadratic equation.

x1 \u003d -2 - the smaller root of the equation.
Answer:
The smallest root of this equation: -2

1. The mobile phone that went on sale in January cost 1,600 rubles. In May, it began to cost 1440 rubles. By what percent did the price of a mobile phone decrease between January and May?

Show Solution

So, 1600 rubles - 100%

1600 - 1440 \u003d 160 (p) - the amount by which the phone fell in price

160 / 1600 * 100 = 10 (%)
Answer:
The price of a mobile phone between January and May decreased by 10%

1. The diagram shows the seven largest countries in terms of area (in million km 2) of the world.

Which of the following statements true?

1) Afghanistan is one of the seven largest countries in the world in terms of area.
2) The area of ​​Brazil is 8.5 million km2.
3) The land area of ​​India is larger than that of Australia.
4) The area of ​​the territory of Russia is larger than the area of ​​the United States by 7.6 million km2.

In response, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas, or other additional characters.

Show Solution

Based on the graph, Afghanistan is not in the list of countries represented, which means the first statement incorrect .

An area of ​​8.5 million km 2 is indicated above the histogram of Brazil, which corresponds to the second statement, correct .

The area of ​​the territory of India according to the schedule is 3.3 million km 2, and the area of ​​​​Australia is 7.7 million km 2, which does not correspond to the statement in the third paragraph, incorrect .

The area of ​​the territory of Russia is 17.1 million km 2, and the area of ​​the USA is 9.5 million km 2, we get 17.1 - 9.5 = 7.6 million km 2. And that means statement 4 correct .
Answer:
24

1. In every eighth bottle of soda, according to the terms of the promotion, there is a prize under the cap. Prizes are distributed randomly. Vasya buys a bottle of soda. Find the probability that Vasya will not find the prize.

Show Solution

The solution of this problem is based on the classical formula for determining the probability:

where, m is the number of favorable outcomes of the event, and n is the total number of outcomes

We get

Thus, the probability that Vasya will not find the prize will be 7/8 or

Answer:
The probability that Vasya will not find the prize is 0.875

1. Establish a correspondence between functions and their graphs.

In the table, under each letter, indicate the corresponding number.

Show Solution

1. The hyperbola shown in Figure 1 is located in the second and fourth quarters, therefore, function B can correspond to this graph. Let's check: a) at х = -6, y = -(1/-6*3) = 0.05; b) at x = -2, y = -(1/-2*3) = 0.17; c) at x = 2, y = -(1/2*3) = -0.17; d) at x = 6, y = -(1/6*3) = -0.05. Q.E.D.
2. The hyperbola shown in Figure 2 is located in the first and third quarters, therefore, function A can correspond to this graph. Perform the check yourself, by analogy with the first example.
3. The hyperbola shown in Figure 3 is located in the second and fourth quarters, therefore, function B can correspond to this graph. Let's check: a) at х = -6, y = -(3/-6) = 0.5; b) at x = -2, y = -(3/-2) = 1.5; c) at x = 2, y = -(3/2) = -1.5; d) at x = 6, y = -(3/6) = -0.5. Q.E.D.

Answer:
A - 2; B - 3; IN 1

1. The arithmetic progression (a n) is given by the conditions:

a 1 = 48, a n+1 = a n - 17.

Find the sum of the first seven terms.

Show Solution

a 1 = 48, a n+1 = a n - 17

a n + 1 = a n - 17 ⇒ d = -17

a n = a 1 + d(n-1)

a 7 = a 1 + d(n-1) = 48 - 17 (7 - 1) = 48 - 102 = -54

S 7 \u003d (a 1 + a 7) ∙ 7 / 2

S 7 \u003d (a 1 + a 7) ∙ 3.5

S 7 \u003d (48 - 54) ∙ 3.5 \u003d -21
Answer:
-21

1. Find the value of an expression

Show Solution

We open the brackets. Don't forget that the first parenthesis is the square of the difference.

Answer:
50

1. The area of ​​a quadrilateral can be calculated using the formula

where d 1 and d 2 are the lengths of the diagonals of the quadrilateral, a is the angle between the diagonals. Using this formula, find the length of the diagonal d 2 if

Show Solution

Remember the rule, if we have a three-story fraction, then the lower value is transferred to the top

Answer:
17

1. Specify the solution of the inequality

3 - x > 4x + 7

Show Solution

To solve this inequality, you need to do the following:

a) move the term 4x to the left side of the inequality, and -3 to the right side, not forgetting to reverse the signs. We get:

b) Multiply both sides of the inequality by a negative number -1 and change the inequality sign to the opposite.

c) find the value of x

d) the set of solutions to this inequality will be a numerical interval from -∞ to -2, which corresponds to the answer 2
Answer:
2

Geometry module

1. Two pine trees grow at a distance of 30 m from one another. The height of one pine is 26 m, and the other is 10 m. Find the distance (in meters) between their tops.

Show Solution

Decision

In the figure, we depicted two pine trees. The distance between them is a = 30 m; we denoted the difference in height as b; well, the distance between the tops is c.

As you can see, we got a regular right triangle consisting of a hypotenuse (c) and two legs (a and b). To find the length of the hypotenuse, we use the Pythagorean theorem:

In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs c 2 = a 2 + b 2

b = 26 - 10 = 16 (m)

So, the distance between the tops of the pines is 34 meters
Answer:
34

1. In a triangle ABC it is known that AB= 5, BC = 6, AC = 4. Find cos∠ABC

Show Solution

To solve this problem, you need to use the cosine theorem. The square of the side of a triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other 2 sides minus twice the product of these sides by the cosine of the angle between them:

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 – 2 bc cosα

AC² = AB² + BC² - 2 AB BC cos∠ABC
4² = 5² + 6² - 2 5 6 cos∠ABC
16 = 25 + 36 - 60 cos∠ABC

60 cos∠ABC = 25 + 36 - 16
60 cos∠ABC = 45
cos∠ABC = 45 / 60 = 3/4 = 0.75
Answer:
cos∠ABC = 0.75

1. On a circle centered at a point O points are marked A and B so that ∠AOB = 18 o. Lesser arc length AB is 5. Find the length of the larger arc AB.

Show Solution

We know that a circle is 360 o. Based on this, 18 about is:

360 o / 18 o \u003d 20 - the number of segments in a circle of 18 o

So, 18 o make up 1/20 of the entire circle, which means the rest of the circle:

those. the remaining 342 o (360 o - 18 o \u003d 342 o) make up the 19th part of the entire circle

If the length of the smaller arc AB equal to 5, then the length of the larger arc AB will be:

5 * 19 = 95
Answer:
95

1. in a trapeze ABCD it is known that AB = CD, ∠BDA= 18 o and ∠ bdc\u003d 97 about. Find an angle ABD. Give your answer in degrees.

Show Solution

According to the condition of the problem, we have an isosceles trapezoid. The angles at the base of an isosceles trapezoid (upper and lower) are equal.

∠ADC = 18 + 97 = 115°
∠DAB = ∠ADC = 115°

Now consider triangle ABD as a whole. We know that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°. From here:

∠ABD = 180 - ∠ADB - ∠DAB = 180 - 18 - 115 = 47°.
Answer:
47°

1. A triangle is depicted on checkered paper with a cell size of 1x1. Find its area.

Show Solution

The area of ​​a triangle is equal to the product of half the base of the triangle (a) and its height (h):

a - the length of the base of the triangle

h is the height of the triangle.

From the figure, we see that the base of the triangle is 6 (cells), and the height is 5 (cells). Based on what we get:

Answer:
15

1. Which of the following statements is correct?

1. If two angles of one triangle are equal to two angles of another triangle, then such triangles are similar.
2. Two circles intersect if the radius of one circle is greater than the radius of the other circle.
3. The median of a trapezoid is equal to the sum of its bases.

In response, write down the number of the selected statement.

Part 2

Module "Algebra"

1. Solve the Equation

Show Solution

Let's move the expression √5-x from the right side to the left

We reduce both expressions √5-x

Move 18 to the left side of the equation

Before us is the usual quadratic equation.

The range of acceptable values ​​in this case is: 5 - x ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≤ 5

To solve the equation, you need to find the discriminant:

D \u003d 9 + 72 \u003d 81 \u003d 9 2

x 1 = (3 + 9)/2 = 12/2 = 6 - not a solution

x 2 \u003d (3 - 9) / 2 \u003d -6 / 2 \u003d -3

x = -3
Answer:
-3

1. The motor ship passes along the river to the destination for 80 km and after parking returns to the point of departure. Find the speed of the ship in still water, if the speed of the current is 5 km / h, the parking lasts 23 hours, and the ship returns to the point of departure 35 hours after leaving it.

Show Solution

x is the own speed of the ship, then

x + 5 - speed of the ship downstream

x - 5 - the speed of the ship against the current

35 - 23 \u003d 12 (h) - the time of the ship's movement from the point of departure to the point of destination and back, excluding parking

80 * 2 \u003d 160 (km) - the total distance traveled by the ship

Based on the above, we get the equation:

reduce to a common denominator and solve:

To further solve the equation, you need to find the discriminant:

The own speed of the ship is 15 km/h
Answer:

y = x 2 + 2x + 1 (red line)

y = -36/x (graph depicted by the blue line)

Consider both functions:

1. y=x 2 +2x+1 on the interval [–4;+∞) is a quadratic function, the graph is a parabola, a=1 > 0 – the branches are directed upwards. If we reduce it according to the formula of the square of the sum of two numbers, we will get: y=(x+1) 2 - shift of the graph to the left by 1 unit, which is seen from the graph.
2. y \u003d -36 / x is inverse proportionality, the graph is a hyperbola, the branches are located in the 2nd and 4th quarters.

The graph clearly shows that the line y=m has one common point with the graph at m=0 and m > 9 and two common points at m=9, i.e. answer: m=0 and m≥9, check:
One common point at the top of the parabola y = x 2 + 2x + 1

x 0 \u003d -b / 2a \u003d -2/2 \u003d -1

y 0 \u003d -1 2 + 2 (-1) + 1 \u003d 1 - 2 + 1 \u003d 0 ⇒ c \u003d 0

Two common points at x \u003d - 4; y = 9 ⇒ c = 9
Answer:
0; }