I fully agree with A. de Stael's statement. After all, a person, putting his behavior in dependence on the opinions of the people around him, does not what is characteristic of him, but what is the norm for others. A person becomes a hostage to the opinions of the people around him, behaves unnaturally, relying solely on the supposedly correct social order, social rules, for non-compliance with which a person can be condemned.

Thus, he loses his identity, his principles and becomes similar in behavior and character to those people on whom his course of life, his behavior depends.

I think people should always rely on their own opinion in this or that situation, without elevating someone else's model of behavior in it, without placing this model dominating others, including their own. A person who depends on someone else's opinion is doomed to be unhappy. After all, he does not what he wants, but what society requires of him. When a person lives as he wants, based on his own opinion, only then can you be sure that he will achieve his own well-being and happiness.

So, in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Lady Catherine, a noble person, tried in every possible way to persuade Elizabeth not to marry Darcy. What methods did she not use in this case. It is worth noting that the positions in society between Elizabeth and Lady Catherine were different. Katherine stood higher than Elizabeth in social standing. Despite this, Elizabeth, obeying only her own opinion, could not promise that she would not marry Darcy. Although Lady Katherine was not accustomed to her requests being ignored. And soon Elizabeth marries Darcy, securing her happiness and prosperity. Also at the beginning of the story, readers see how Elizabeth, worried about her own sister, comes to Bingley's house in inclement weather to inquire about her health. Regardless of the form in which she may appear at the house, Elizabeth comes there and inquires about Jane's health. She does not care about the opinions of the people around her. After all, her sister's health is at stake. Elizabeth's sister's well-being is her own happiness. In contrast to Elizabeth, based on her own opinion in her actions, readers see Mr. Bingley, dependent on the opinion of his friend Darcy on this or that issue. Bingley loves Jane, wants to marry her, but after listening to the opinion of a friend, he leaves for London and leaves Jane, leaving her alone with her sadness. At the same time, Darcy himself is unhappy. Thus, Darcy is a dependent person, relying on the opinions of other people, sacrificing his own happiness and well-being. Elizabeth is a strong and strong-willed person, relying on her own opinion in a given situation. And by marrying Darcy, she made herself happy, arranged her own well-being.

In Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" there is a duel between Onegin and Lensky. Onegin, in spite of Lensky, dances with Olga all evening and courts her, and Lensky, unable to bear the insult of his friend, challenges Yevgeny to a duel. At the same time, being dependent on the opinions of the people around him, Eugene accepts a duel. Although he regrets the insult he inflicted on Lensky. But because of public opinion, because if he refuses, he will be disgraced in the eyes of society, because of this, Eugene accepts the duel. And does Onegin's murder of Lensky make Yevgeny happy? I think not, because after the duel he is tormented by remorse. So, the behavior of Onegin, dependent on the opinions of the people around him, makes him unhappy, strikes at the well-being of Eugene.

Thus, I fully agree with the words of A. de Stael: "You can not be sure of either your behavior or your well-being when we make it dependent on people's opinions."

Updated: 2017-11-17

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Human opinion in Slavic culture is an obstacle to action. Whatever a person with a truly Russian mentality does, the first thing he thinks about is how people will react or say in response to his act. Western culture believes that dependence on other people's opinions is a sure sign of self-doubt, while the Russian and Slavic mentality, on the contrary, insists that neglecting other people's opinions is the height of naivety and infantilism.

If a person puts the interests of the crowd above his own, then all his impulses are doomed to inevitable failure. Only moral ideals unanimously repeat that altruism is always valued, that it is nobility in the highest degree. As in the story "Old Woman Izergil", Danko sacrificed the most precious thing he had: his heart, only because it was expected of him. And people mercilessly trampled on it. Nobody needed Danko's sacrifice.

On the other hand, constant dependence on someone else's opinion dooms a person to torment. If you constantly think about who will think and how, then you can go crazy. Then there will no longer be constancy in behavior, because it will have to be constantly adjusted to the expectations of others. And if we take into account that not all people think the same way and have different opinions about the same situations, then a person will certainly have an internal conflict. He will cease to be the master of his life, will close himself into a very narrow framework of behavior in order to correspond to imaginary ideals.

An example of this type of people in Russian literature is Famusov from "Woe from Wit" by A.S. Griboyedov. He only cares what his superiors think of him. Famusov is deeply unhappy. called this Famusov era "the age of humility and fear." Griboyedov wants to show the reader how dependence on public opinion corrodes societies and makes real slaves out of people.

I fully confirm the statement of A. de Stael: “You can’t be sure of either your behavior or your well-being when we make it dependent on people’s opinions,” because such behavior is the result of low self-esteem and belittling one’s own dignity. Today, a person is the master of his life, and not a slave of someone else's, not entirely objective, opinion.

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Materials from the essay 2017

"MAN AND SOCIETY".

For the topics of this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the personality, but the personality is also able to influence the society. Topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different angles: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization.

So, let's try to figure out from what positions these two concepts can be considered. 1. Personality and society (in agreement or in opposition). Within the framework of this subsection, you can talk about the following topics: Man as part of society. The impossibility of human existence outside of society. Independence of judgment of a single individual. The influence of society on a person's decisions, the influence of public opinion on a person's tastes, his position in life. Confrontation or conflict between society and the individual. The desire of a person to become special, original. Contrasting the interests of the individual and the interests of society. The ability to devote one's life to the interests of society, philanthropy and misanthropy. The influence of the individual on society. The place of man in society. The relationship of a person to society, his own kind.

2. Social norms and laws, morality. The responsibility of a person to society and society to a person for everything that happens and the future. The decision of a person to accept or reject the laws of the society in which he lives, to follow the rules or break the laws.

3. Man and society in the historical, state plan. The role of personality in history. Relationship between time and society. The evolution of society.

4.Man and society in a totalitarian state. Erasure of individuality in society. Society's indifference to its future and a bright personality capable of fighting the system. Contrasting "crowd" and "individual" in a totalitarian regime.

Diseases of society. Alcoholism, drug addiction, intolerance, cruelty and crime

MAN is a term used in two main senses: biological and social. In a biological sense, a person is a representative of the species Homo sapiens, a family of hominids, a detachment of primates, a class of mammals - the highest stage in the development of organic life on Earth. In the social sense, a person is a creature that has arisen in a team, reproduces and develops in a team. Historically established norms of law, morality, everyday life, rules of thought and language, aesthetic tastes, etc. form the behavior and mind of a person, make an individual a representative of a certain way of life, culture and psychology. A person is an elementary unit of various groups and communities, including ethnic groups, states, etc., where he acts as a person. The “human rights” recognized in international organizations and in the legislation of states are, first of all, the rights of the individual. Synonyms: person, person, person, person, individual, individuality, soul, unit, two-legged, human being, individual, king of nature, someone, work unit.

SOCIETY - in a broad sense - a large group of people united by some common goal with stable social boundaries. The term society can be applied to all mankind (human society), to the historical stage in the development of all mankind or its individual parts (slave-owning society, feudal society, etc. (see Socio-economic formation), to the inhabitants of the state (American society, Russian society, etc.) and to individual organizations of people (sports society, geographical society, etc.). Sociological concepts of society differed primarily in the interpretation of the nature of the compatibility of human existence, the explanation of the principle of the formation of social ties. O. Comte saw such a principle in the division of functions (labor) and in solidarity, E. Durkheim - in cultural artifacts, which he called "collective representations". M. Weber called mutually oriented, i.e. social, actions of people as the unifying principle. Structural functionalism considered social norms and values ​​K. Marx and F. Engels considered the development of society as a natural-historical process of changing socio-economic formations, which are based on a certain way of people's production activities. Its specificity is determined by production relations that do not depend on people's consciousness and correspond to the achieved level of productive forces. On the basis of these objective, material relations, systems of corresponding social and political institutions, ideological relations, and forms of consciousness are built up. Thanks to this understanding, each socio-economic formation appears as an integral concrete historical social organism, characterized by its economic and social structure, value-normative system of social regulation, features and spiritual life.

The current stage of the development of society is characterized by the growth of integration processes against the background of an increasing variety of economic, political and ideological forms. Scientific, technological and social progress, having resolved some contradictions, gave rise to others, even more acute, put human civilization before global problems, the solution of which depends on the very existence of society, the path of its further development. Synonyms: society, people, community, herd; crowd; public, environment, environment, audience, humanity, light, human race, human race, brotherhood, brethren, gang, group.

Do you agree with Plautus' statement: "man is a wolf to man"?

What, in your opinion, does the thought of A. De Saint-Exupery mean: “All roads lead to people”? Can a person exist outside of society?

Can a person change society?

How does society affect a person?

Is society responsible for every individual?

How does society influence the individual's opinion? Do you agree with the statement of G. K. Lichtenberg: “In every person there is something from all people.

Is it possible to live in society and be free from it?

What is tolerance?

Why is it important to maintain individuality?

Confirm or refute the statement of A. de Stael: “You can’t be sure of your behavior or your well-being when we make it dependent on people’s opinions”

Do you agree with the statement: “Inequality humiliates people and instills dissent and hatred between them”?

Do you think it's fair to say that strong people are often lonely? Is Tyutchev's opinion fair that "any weakening of mental life in society inevitably entails an increase in material inclinations and vilely selfish instincts"?

Are social norms of behavior necessary?

What kind of person can be called dangerous to society?

Do you agree with the statement of V. Rozanov: “Society, those around you diminish the soul, but do not add it. “Adds” only the closest and rarest sympathy, “soul to soul” and “one mind”? Is it possible to call any person a person?

What happens to a person cut off from society?

Why should society help the underprivileged?

How do you understand the statement of I. Becher: “A person becomes a person only among people”?

Do you agree with the statement of H. Keller: “The most beautiful life is a life lived for other people”

In what situations does a person feel lonely in society? What is the role of the individual in history?

How does society influence people's decisions?

Confirm or refute I. Goethe's statement: "Only in people is a person capable of knowing himself."

How do you understand F. Bacon's statement: “Anyone who loves loneliness is either a wild beast or the Lord God”?

Is a person responsible to society for his actions?

Is it difficult to defend your interests before society?

How do you understand the words of S.E. Letsa: “Zero is nothing, but two zeros already mean something”? Should I express my opinion if it differs from the opinion of the majority?

There is safety in numbers?

What is more important: personal interests or public interests?

To what does society's indifference to man lead?

Do you agree with the opinion of A. Morois: “You should not be guided by public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but wandering lights?

How do you understand the expression "little man"?

Why does a person strive to be original?

Does society need leaders?

Do you agree with the words of K. Marx: “If you want to influence other people, then you must be a person who really stimulates and moves other people forward”?

Can a person devote his life to the interests of society?

Who is a misanthrope?

How do you understand the statement of A.S. Pushkin: “The frivolous world mercilessly persecutes in fact what it allows in theory”?

What causes inequality in society?

Are social norms changing?

Do you agree with the words of C. L. Burne: “A person can do without much, but not without a person”?

Is a person responsible to society?

Can the individual win in the fight against society?

How can a person change history?

Do you think it's important to have an opinion?

Can a person become an individual apart from society?

How do you understand G. Freytag's statement: “In the soul of every person there is a miniature portrait of his people”?

Can social norms be violated?

What is the place of man in a totalitarian state?

How do you understand the phrase: “one head is good, but two is better”?

Are there people whose work is invisible to society?

Do you agree with W. Blackstone's statement: “Man is created for society. He is not able and does not have the courage to live alone”?

Confirm or refute the statement of J. M. Cage: "We need communication more than anything else"

What is equality in society?

What are community organizations for?

Can it be argued that a person's happiness depends solely on the characteristics of his social life?

Do you agree that a person is shaped by society?

How does society treat people who are very different from it?

How do you understand the statement of W. James: “Society degenerates if it does not receive impulses from individuals”?

How do you understand the phrase "public consciousness"?

What is missing in today's society?

Do you agree with I. Goethe's statement: “Man cannot live in solitude, he needs society”?

How do you understand T. Dreiser's statement: "People think about us what we want to inspire them"?

Do you agree that “there is nothing more dangerous in society than a person without character”?

LOYALTY AND TREASON

Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about fidelity and betrayal as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering them from a philosophical, ethical, psychological point of view and referring to life and literary examples.

The concepts of "fidelity" and "treason" are at the center of the plots of many works of different eras and characterize the actions of heroes in a situation of moral choice, both in personal relationships and in a social context.

Loyalty and betrayal are two complex social concepts that are of great importance for humanity.

Loyalty, as we understand it, is a positive characteristic. Change, in turn, has a negative connotation. It is worth considering loyalty and betrayal not only in the prism of a love relationship between two people. These concepts are universal.

Loyalty is a moral and ethical concept, according to Ozhegov's dictionary: perseverance and immutability in feelings, relationships, in the performance of one's duties, duty. Infidelity is treason.

"Loyalty is devotion to someone or something; it is immutability in one's promises, words, relationships, in the performance of one's duties, duty. Loyalty is based on responsibility, perseverance, honesty, courage, sacrifice. Similar qualities: dedication, immutability, firmness, steadfastness Opposites: treachery, betrayal, infidelity, treason, deceit Synonyms: devotion, constancy, endurance, immutability, firmness, steadfastness, diligence, prudence, honesty, accuracy, serviceability, conscientiousness, accuracy, correctness, infallibility, justice, reliability; love; certainty, infallibility, orthodoxy, commitment, indisputability, evidence, authenticity, self-evidence, reliability, undistortedness.

Cheating is a violation of loyalty to someone or something. Synonyms: betrayal, treachery, infidelity; fornication, strikebreaking, adultery, a knife in the back, adultery, adultery, apostasy, adultery. FIPI commentary: "Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about loyalty and betrayal as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering them from a philosophical, ethical, psychological point of view and referring to life and literary examples. The concepts of "loyalty" and "treason" are at the center of the plots of many works of different eras and characterize the actions of heroes in a situation of moral choice, both in personal relationships and in a social context. Since these concepts are quite broad, we will consider them in a different context.

1. Loyalty / betrayal in the broadest sense.

2. Loyalty / betrayal in the love sphere.

3. Loyalty (treason) to the Motherland, public duty

4. Loyalty / betrayal in relation to a friend, comrade, person who trusted.

5. Loyalty / betrayal in relation to oneself, one's moral principles, one's vocation, goals, word, religious beliefs.

6. Loyalty of animals to their owners.

Can loyalty be learned or is it an innate feeling?

Can fidelity be the criterion of love?

Treason - is there a betrayal in relation to oneself?

How do you understand the statement of Konstantin Melikhan: “Being faithful to an unloved person means cheating on yourself”?

Confirm or refute the words of Sergei Yassinsky: "Loyalty is not a feeling. It's a decision"

What can push a person to cheat?

How can cheating affect people's relationships?

Is it acceptable to fight on the side of your enemies?

Betrayal and betrayal: is forgiveness possible?

Being true to your word: how important is it?

Trust is a sign of courage, and loyalty is a sign of strength. (Maria Ebner Eschenbach)

Cheating can be forgiven, but resentment cannot. (A. Akhmatova)

How can you deal with someone you can't trust?

If the wagon has no axle, how can you ride it? (Confucius)

Who never swore allegiance, he will never break it. (August Platen)

Happiness needs fidelity, misfortune can do without it. (Seneca)

Only once do we lose life and trust. (Publius Sir)

Constancy is the basis of virtue. (O. Balzac)

To be faithful is a virtue, to know loyalty is an honor. (Maria Ebner-Eschenbach)

Without constancy there can be no love, no friendship, no virtue. (D. Addison)

A noble heart cannot be unfaithful. (O. Balzac)

The slightest infidelity towards us we judge much more severely than the most insidious betrayal towards others. (F. La Rochefoucauld)

In this world, I value only loyalty. Without it, you are nobody and you have nobody. In life, this is the only currency that will never depreciate. (Vysotsky V.S.)

Betrayal originates in the heart before it manifests itself in action. (J. Swift)

Readers can change the writer as much as they like, but the writer must always be faithful to the reader. (W. H. Auden)

Betrayals are committed most often not by deliberate intent, but by weakness of character. (F. de La Rochefoucauld)

Traitors are despised even by those they serve. (Tacitus Publius Cornelius)

In the demand for fidelity - the greed of the owner. We would willingly give up a lot if it were not for the fear that someone else would pick it up (O. Wilde)

Faithful love helps to endure all hardships. (F. Schiller)

If your wife cheated on you, then rejoice that she cheated on you, and not on the fatherland. (AP Chekhov) People often change for the sake of ambition, but then they will never change ambition for the sake of love. (F. de La Rochefoucauld) Constancy is the everlasting dream of love. (Vauvenargue)

They love those who are going to betray, but they hate those who have already betrayed. (Dm. Arkady)

One cannot hope for female fidelity; happy who looks at it indifferently. (A.S. Pushkin)

When you love, you do not want to drink any other water than the one you find in your favorite spring. Loyalty in this case is a natural thing. In a loveless marriage, in less than two months, the spring water becomes bitter. (Stendhal)

The basis of love, its first condition is faith, unconditional fidelity and devotion. True love is not blind; on the contrary, it may open the eyes of a person for the first time. The slightest betrayal of a loved one, if it happens sooner or later, is a complete betrayal of everything, from the very beginning, it destroys not only the future, but also the past, because this means that every day of a life full of trust was a lie and the heart was deceived. Anyone who has been unfaithful at least once has never been faithful. (David Scott)

Treason to the motherland requires extreme baseness of the soul. (N.G. Chernyshevsky)

There is only one crime that cannot be redeemed - this is treason to one's state. The motherland cannot be changed, it can only be betrayed. A person who truly loves the Motherland always knows its price ... To express your opinion, it is not necessary to be a famous person ... (E.V. Gushchina)

Ignorance, selfishness and betrayal - these are the three irreconcilable enemies of patriotism. (Garegin Need)

There is no higher idea than how to sacrifice your own life, defending your brothers and your fatherland. (F.M. Dostoevsky)

You can't be a hero fighting against your homeland. (Hugo W.)

Is it possible to run away from yourself by leaving your homeland? (Horace)

If the holy army shouts: “Throw Russia, live in paradise!”, I will say: “Don’t need paradise, Give me my homeland.” (S.A. Yesenin)

Everyone's duty is to love their homeland, to be incorruptible and courageous, to remain faithful to it, even at the cost of life. (J.-J. Rousseau)

I understand loyalty as loyalty to the homeland, and not to its institutions and rulers. Motherland is true, lasting, eternal; the motherland must be protected, one must love it, one must be faithful to it; institutions are something external, like clothes, and clothes can wear out, tear, become uncomfortable, stop protecting the body from cold, illness and death. (M. Twain)

Be loyal to the one who is loyal to you. (Plat)

And in friendship, and in love, sooner or later, the time comes for settling accounts. (D.B. Shaw)

A betrayal of a friend is much more painful than a betrayal of a loved one, because you expect it less from him. (Etienne Rey)

Cheating on a friend is a crime Without justification, without forgiveness. (Lope de Vega)

Loyalty is the commandment of friendship, the most precious thing that can be given to a person at all. (E. Telman)

Half friend, half traitor. (V. Hugo) An unfaithful friend is like a shadow that drags behind you while the sun is shining. (K. Dossi)

A devotee to you is a friend; betrayed by you is an enemy. (A. Nadanyan)

Be true to yourself, and then just as surely as night follows day, loyalty to other people will follow. (Shakespeare)

Stupid is the man who never changes his mind. (W. Churchill)

He who is true only to himself is always unfaithful to others. (L. Sukhorukov)

He who never changes his mind loves himself more than the truth. (J. Joubert)

Whoever betrays himself does not love anyone in this world. (Shakespeare)

Be true to yourself, and then just as surely as night follows day, loyalty to other people will follow. (Shakespeare)

If you hid the truth, hid it, if you did not rise from your seat and did not speak at the meeting, if you spoke without telling the whole truth, you betrayed the truth. (J. London)

But it is sad to think that it was in vain that youth was given to us, That they cheated on her all the time, That she deceived us. (A.S. Pushkin)

To change or not to change is entirely up to you. The main thing is not to cheat on yourself, not to waste on what is really not needed, and to be able to keep what is really valuable. (O. Roy)

To be authentic means to be true to yourself. (Osho)

The liveliness of the mind does not paint a person too much if it is not accompanied by the fidelity of judgments. Not those watches are good that go fast, but those that show the exact time. (Vauvenargue)

The word "loyalty" has done a lot of harm. People have learned to be "faithful" to a thousand injustices and lawlessness. Meanwhile, they should have been true only to themselves, and then they would have rebelled against deceit. (M. Twain)

Traitors betray themselves first of all. (Plutarch)

White Fang did not like Gray Beaver - and yet remained faithful to him in defiance of his will, his anger. He couldn't help himself. This is how he was created. Loyalty was the property of the White Fang breed, loyalty distinguished him from all other animals, loyalty led the wolf and wild dog to man and allowed them to become his comrades. (J. London)

Loyalty is a quality that people have lost, but dogs have retained. (A.P. Chekhov)

Not a single dog in the world considers ordinary devotion to be something unusual. But people came up with the idea of ​​exalting this feeling of a dog as a feat only because not all of them, and not so often, have loyalty to a friend and loyalty to duty so much that this is the root of life, the natural basis of the being itself, when the nobility of the soul is a self-evident state. (G. Troepolsky) A lot has already been written about dog fidelity, but no one seems to have said yet that fidelity is happiness. Whoever serves the one he loves already receives his reward. (L. Ashkenazi)

Whoever has experienced affection for a faithful and intelligent dog, there is no need to explain with what warm gratitude she pays for this. There is something in the unselfish and selfless love of the beast that conquers the heart of anyone who has more than once experienced the treacherous friendship and deceptive devotion inherent in Man. (E.A. Poe)

Is long-distance loyalty important?

Can cheating be forgiven?

Examples of True Loyalty

Loyalty to one's own word is the most important moral quality

Time is the best test of loyalty

Can betrayal be forced?

What does a person feel who betrayed his homeland

The dog is the most faithful living creature

"Loyalty is a worthy payment for love" (Sergey Yasinsky)

"Happiness needs fidelity, but misfortune can do without it" (Seneca)

"Faithful love helps to endure all hardships" (Schiller)

"PURPOSES AND MEANS".

“The concepts of this direction are interconnected and allow us to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal setting, the ability to correctly correlate the goal and the means to achieve it, as well as the ethical assessment of human actions. Many literary works feature characters who deliberately or mistakenly chose unsuitable means to implement their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal serves only as a cover for true (lower) plans. Such characters are opposed by heroes for whom the means to achieve a lofty goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality. Consider the concepts of "goal" and "means" from different angles.

1. Purpose as a fundamental part of human life. About the role and importance of having a goal in a person’s life, about its absence, about a person’s striving for heights, about achievements and about a goal as an engine of progress, about self-realization, great discoveries that are possible only thanks to a goal, about obstacles on the way to a goal, about a goal as a continuous process, as well as about what and who helps a person on the way to his goals.

2. Goals are different (true, false, great, vile, unattainable, selfish) You can talk about the differences between goals and dreams, as well as how a person’s goals are connected with his personality. What leads to the pursuit of certain goals.

The goal is an imaginary peak, individual for each person, to which he aspires, and tries to fulfill for this all the necessary conditions, requirements, and duties that depend on him. From the point of view of philosophy, the goal is a necessary condition for life, both for man and for other organisms.

Synonyms: intention, end, task, task, intention, plan, project, calculation, target; meta, types, end, dream, ideal, aspiration, object (of the sweetest dreams), so that; end in itself, intent, the ultimate dream, the highest goal, landmark, intention, meaning, setting, purpose, goal setting, function, mission, fireball, dream-idea

A means is a technique, a method of action to achieve something. or something that serves a goal, necessary to achieve, carry out smth.

Synonyms: way, possibility, method; tool, device, weapon; panacea, tool, system, path, asset, resource, condition, method, recipe, drug.

The concepts of this direction are interconnected and allow us to think about the life aspirations of a person, the importance of meaningful goal setting, the ability to correctly correlate the goal and the means to achieve it, as well as the ethical assessment of human actions.

Many literary works feature characters who deliberately or mistakenly chose unsuitable means to implement their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal serves only as a cover for true (lower) plans. Such characters are opposed to heroes for whom the means to achieve a lofty goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality. FIR AND REMEDIES

Can it be argued that in war all means are good?

Does the end justify the means?

How do you understand the saying: "The game is not worth the candle"?

Why is it important to have a purpose in life?

What is the goal for?

Do you agree with the statement: “A person who certainly wants something forces fate to give up”?

How do you understand the saying: “When the goal is reached, the path is forgotten”?

What goal brings satisfaction?

Confirm or refute A. Einstein's statement: "If you want to lead a happy life, you must be attached to the goal, and not to people or things"? Is it possible to achieve a goal if the obstacles seem insurmountable?

What qualities should a person have in order to achieve great goals? Is the saying of Confucius true: "When it seems to you that the goal is unattainable, do not change the goal - change your plan of action"?

What does "great purpose" mean?

Who or what helps a person achieve a goal in life?

How do you understand the saying of O. de Balzac: “In order to reach the goal, one must first of all go”?

Can a person live without a purpose?

How do you understand the statement of E.A. According to “No transport will be passing if you don’t know where to go”?

Does the end always justify the means?

A moral person: what should be his goals?

Is the life of a person who has no purpose meaningless?

A person develops when his goals become larger.

Not all means are good, even achieving the cherished goal is at stake - is it so?

The path to the goal: do the means have to be worthy?

Immoral acts on the way to the goal: is it permissible?

Does a person always achieve his goal?

What should be a person to achieve a high goal?

How can a person choose the appropriate means to achieve goals?

Is it true that the end always justifies the means?

What should be the goals of a moral person?

The life of a man who has no purpose is meaningless

No matter how important the goal is, it must be achieved with dignity.

Why are not all means good on the way to a dream?

Striving for a goal is a great way to develop a person

A person who pursues noble goals is beautiful internally

A noble goal should not be achieved by immoral deeds

A strong-willed person will surely achieve the most difficult goal.

You can't change the direction of the wind, but you can always set sail to reach your destination (Oscar Wilde)

If you want to lead a happy life, you must be attached to the goal, and not to people or things (A. Einstein)

Man grows as his goals grow (Schiller)

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Materials from the essay 2017 "MAN AND SOCIETY". For the topics of this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the personality, but the personality is also able to influence the society. Topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different angles: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization. So, let's try to figure out from what positions these two concepts can be considered. 1. Personality and society (in agreement or in opposition). Within the framework of this subsection, you can talk about the following topics: Man as part of society. The impossibility of human existence outside of society. Independence of judgment of a single individual. The influence of society on a person's decisions, the influence of public opinion on a person's tastes, his position in life. Confrontation or conflict between society and the individual. The desire of a person to become special, original. Contrasting the interests of the individual and the interests of society. The ability to devote one's life to the interests of society, philanthropy and misanthropy. The influence of the individual on society. The place of man in society. The relationship of a person to society, his own kind. 2. Social norms and laws, morality. The responsibility of a person to society and society to a person for everything that happens and the future. The decision of a person to accept or reject the laws of the society in which he lives, to follow the rules or break the laws. 3. Man and society in the historical, state plan. The role of personality in history. Relationship between time and society. The evolution of society. 4.Man and society in a totalitarian state. Erasure of individuality in society. Society's indifference to its future and a bright personality capable of fighting the system. Contrasting "crowd" and "individual" in a totalitarian regime. Diseases of society. Alcoholism, drug addiction, lack of tolerance, cruelty and crime MAN is a term used in two main senses: biological and social. In a biological sense, a person is a representative of the species Homo sapiens, a family of hominids, a detachment of primates, a class of mammals - the highest stage in the development of organic life on Earth. In the social sense, a person is a creature that has arisen in a team, reproduces and develops in a team. Historically established norms of law, morality, everyday life, rules of thought and language, aesthetic tastes, etc. form the behavior and mind of a person, make an individual a representative of a certain way of life, culture and psychology. A person is an elementary unit of various groups and communities, including ethnic groups, states, etc., where he acts as a person. The “human rights” recognized in international organizations and in the legislation of states are, first of all, the rights of the individual. Synonyms: person, person, person, person, individual, individuality, soul, unit, two-legged, human being, individual, king of nature, someone, work unit. SOCIETY - in a broad sense - a large group of people united by some common goal with stable social boundaries. The term society can be applied to all mankind (human society), to the historical stage in the development of all mankind or its individual parts (slave-owning society, feudal society, etc. (see Socio-economic formation), to the inhabitants of the state (American society, Russian society, etc.) and to individual organizations of people (sports society, geographical society, etc.). The sociological concepts of society differed primarily in the interpretation of the nature of the jointness of human existence, the explanation of the principle of the formation of social ties. O. Comte saw such a principle in the division of functions (labor) and in solidarity, E. Durkheim - in cultural artifacts, which he called "collective representations". M. Weber called mutually oriented, i.e. social, actions of people as the unifying principle. Structural functionalism considered social norms and values ​​K. Marx and F. Engels considered the development of society as a natural-historical process of changing socio-economic formations, which are based on a certain way of people's production activities. Its specificity is determined by production relations that do not depend on people's consciousness and correspond to the achieved level of productive forces. On the basis of these objective, material relations, systems of corresponding social and political institutions, ideological relations, and forms of consciousness are built up. Thanks to this understanding, each socio-economic formation appears as an integral concrete historical social organism, characterized by its economic and social structure, value-normative system of social regulation, features and spiritual life. The current stage of the development of society is characterized by the growth of integration processes against the background of an increasing variety of economic, political and ideological forms. Scientific, technological and social progress, having resolved some contradictions, gave rise to others, even more acute, put human civilization before global problems, the solution of which depends on the very existence of society, the path of its further development. Synonyms: society, people, community, herd; crowd; public, environment, environment, audience, humanity, light, human race, human race, brotherhood, brethren, gang, group. TOPICS Do you agree with Plautus' statement: "Man is a wolf to man"? What, in your opinion, does the thought of A. De Saint-Exupery mean: “All roads lead to people”? Can a person exist outside of society? Can a person change society? How does society affect a person? Is society responsible for every individual? How does society influence the individual's opinion? Do you agree with the statement of G. K. Lichtenberg: “In every person there is something from all people. Is it possible to live in society and be free from it? What is tolerance? Why is it important to maintain individuality? Confirm or refute the statement of A. de Stael: “You can’t be sure of either your behavior or your well-being when we make it dependent on people’s opinion” Do you agree with the statement: “Inequality humiliates people and settles disagreement and hatred between them "? Do you think it's fair to say that strong people are often lonely? Is Tyutchev's opinion fair that "any weakening of mental life in society inevitably entails an increase in material inclinations and vilely selfish instincts"? Are social norms of behavior necessary? What kind of person can be called dangerous to society? Do you agree with the statement of V. Rozanov: “Society, those around you diminish the soul, but do not add it. “Adds” only the closest and rarest sympathy, “soul to soul” and “one mind”? Is it possible to call any person a person? What happens to a person cut off from society? Why should society help the underprivileged? How do you understand the statement of I. Becher: “A person becomes a person only among people”? Do you agree with H. Keller's statement: “The most beautiful life is a life lived for other people” In what situations does a person feel lonely in society? What is the role of the individual in history? How does society influence people's decisions? Confirm or refute the statement I. Goethe: "Only in people is a person capable of knowing himself." How do you understand F. Bacon's statement: "Anyone who loves loneliness is either a wild beast or the Lord God"? Is a person responsible to society for his actions? Is it difficult to defend your interests before society? How do you understand the words of S.E. Letsa: “Zero is nothing, but two zeros already mean something”? Should I express my opinion if it differs from the opinion of the majority? There is safety in numbers? What is more important: personal interests or public interests? To what does society's indifference to man lead? Do you agree with the opinion of A. Morois: “You should not be guided by public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but wandering lights? How do you understand the expression "little man"? Why does a person strive to be original? Does society need leaders? Do you agree with the words of K. Marx: “If you want to influence other people, then you must be a person who really stimulates and moves other people forward”? Can a person devote his life to the interests of society? Who is a misanthrope? How do you understand the statement of A.S. Pushkin: “The frivolous world mercilessly persecutes in fact what it allows in theory”? What causes inequality in society? Are social norms changing? Do you agree with the words of C. L. Burne: “A person can do without much, but not without a person”? Is a person responsible to society? Can the individual win in the fight against society? How can a person change history? Do you think it's important to have an opinion? Can a person become an individual apart from society? How do you understand G. Freytag's statement: “In the soul of every person there is a miniature portrait of his people”? Can social norms be violated? What is the place of man in a totalitarian state? How do you understand the phrase: “one head is good, but two is better”? Are there people whose work is invisible to society? Is it difficult to maintain individuality in a team? Do you agree with W. Blackstone's statement: “Man is created for society. He is not able and does not have the courage to live alone”? Confirm or refute the statement of DM Cage: "We need communication more than anything else" What is equality in society? What are community organizations for? Can it be argued that a person's happiness depends solely on the characteristics of his social life? Do you agree that a person is shaped by society? How does society treat people who are very different from it? How do you understand the statement of W. James: “Society degenerates if it does not receive impulses from individuals”? How do you understand the phrase "public consciousness"? What is missing in today's society? Do you agree with I. Goethe's statement: “Man cannot live in solitude, he needs society”? How do you understand T. Dreiser's statement: "People think about us what we want to inspire them"? Do you agree that “there is nothing more dangerous in society than a person without character”? LOYALTY AND TREASON Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about loyalty and betrayal as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering them from a philosophical, ethical, psychological point of view and referring to life and literary examples. The concepts of "fidelity" and "treason" are at the center of the plots of many works of different eras and characterize the actions of heroes in a situation of moral choice, both in personal relationships and in a social context. Loyalty and betrayal are two complex social concepts that are of great importance for humanity. Loyalty, as we understand it, is a positive characteristic. Change, in turn, has a negative connotation. It is worth considering loyalty and betrayal not only in the prism of a love relationship between two people. These concepts are universal. Loyalty is a moral and ethical concept, according to Ozhegov's dictionary: perseverance and immutability in feelings, relationships, in the performance of one's duties, duty. Infidelity is treason. "Loyalty is devotion to someone or something; it is immutability in one's promises, words, relationships, in the performance of one's duties, duty. Loyalty is based on responsibility, perseverance, honesty, courage, sacrifice. Similar qualities: dedication, immutability, firmness, steadfastness Opposites: treachery, betrayal, infidelity, treason, deceit Synonyms: devotion, constancy, endurance, immutability, firmness, steadfastness, diligence, prudence, honesty, accuracy, serviceability, conscientiousness, accuracy, correctness, infallibility, justice, reliability, love, certainty, infallibility, orthodoxy, commitment, indisputability, evidence, authenticity, self-evidence, reliability, undistortedness. , knife in the back, adultery, adultery, apostasy, adultery. FIPI commentary: "Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about loyalty and betrayal as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering them from a philosophical, ethical, psychological point of view and referring to life and literary examples. The concepts of "loyalty" and "treason" are at the center of the plots of many works of different eras and characterize the actions of heroes in a situation of moral choice, both in personal relationships and in a social context. Since these concepts are quite broad, we will consider them in a different context. 1. Loyalty / betrayal in the broadest sense. 2. Loyalty / betrayal in the love sphere. 3. Loyalty (treason) to the Motherland, public duty 4. Loyalty / treason in relation to a friend, comrade, person who trusted. 5. Loyalty / betrayal in relation to oneself, one's moral principles, one's vocation, goals, word, religious beliefs. 6. Loyalty of animals to their owners. TOPICS Can loyalty be learned or is it an innate feeling? Can fidelity be the criterion of love? Treason - is there a betrayal in relation to oneself? How do you understand the statement of Konstantin Melikhan: “Being faithful to an unloved person means cheating on yourself”? Confirm or refute the words of Sergei Yassinsky: "Loyalty is not a feeling. It's a decision" What can push a person to betray? How can cheating affect people's relationships? Is it acceptable to fight on the side of your enemies? Betrayal and betrayal: is forgiveness possible? Being true to your word: how important is it? Trust is a sign of courage, and loyalty is a sign of strength. (Maria Ebner Eschenbach) Treason can be forgiven, but resentment cannot. (A. Akhmatova) How can you deal with a person who cannot be trusted? If the wagon has no axle, how can you ride it? (Confucius) Who never swore allegiance, he will never break it. (August Platen) Happiness needs fidelity, misfortune can do without it. (Seneca) Only once do we lose life and trust. (Publius Sir) Constancy is the basis of virtue. (O. Balzac) To be faithful is a virtue, to know loyalty is an honor. (Maria Ebner-Eschenbach) Without constancy there can be no love, no friendship, no virtue. (D. Addison) A noble heart cannot be unfaithful. (O. Balzac) We judge the smallest infidelity towards us much more severely than the most insidious betrayal towards others. (F. La Rochefoucauld) In this world, I value only loyalty. Without it, you are nobody and you have nobody. In life, this is the only currency that will never depreciate. (Vysotsky V.S.) Treason originates in the heart before it manifests itself in action. (J. Swift) Readers can change the writer as much as they like, but the writer must always be faithful to the reader. (W. H. Auden) Betrayals are committed most often not by deliberate intent, but by weakness of character. (F. de La Rochefoucauld) Loyalty, which can only be maintained at the cost of great effort, is no better than betrayal. (F. de La Rochefoucauld) Traitors are despised even by those whom they served. (Tacitus Publius Cornelius) The demand for fidelity is the greed of the owner. We would willingly give up a lot if it were not for the fear that someone else will pick it up (O. Wilde) True love helps to endure all hardships. (F. Schiller) If your wife cheated on you, then rejoice that she cheated on you, and not on the fatherland. (AP Chekhov) People often change for the sake of ambition, but then they will never change ambition for the sake of love. (F. de La Rochefoucauld) Constancy is the everlasting dream of love. (Vauvenargues) They love those who are going to betray, but they hate those who have already betrayed. (Dm. Arkady) To save love, one must not change, but change.? (K. Melikhan) One cannot hope for female fidelity; happy who looks at it indifferently. (A.S. Pushkin) When you love, you don’t want to drink any other water than the one you find in your favorite source. Loyalty in this case is a natural thing. In a loveless marriage, in less than two months, the spring water becomes bitter. (Stendhal) The basis of love, its first condition is faith, unconditional fidelity and devotion. True love is not blind; on the contrary, it may open the eyes of a person for the first time. The slightest betrayal of a loved one, if it happens sooner or later, is a complete betrayal of everything, from the very beginning, it destroys not only the future, but also the past, because this means that every day of a life full of trust was a lie and the heart was deceived. Anyone who has been unfaithful at least once has never been faithful. (David Scott) Treason to the motherland requires extreme baseness of the soul. (N.G. Chernyshevsky) There is only one crime that cannot be redeemed - this is treason to one's state. The motherland cannot be changed, it can only be betrayed. A person who truly loves the Motherland always knows its price... To express one's opinion, it is not necessary to be a famous person... (E.V. Gushchina) Ignorance, selfishness and betrayal - these are the three irreconcilable enemies of patriotism. (Garegin Need) There is no higher idea than how to sacrifice your own life, defending your brothers and your fatherland. (F.M. Dostoevsky) One cannot be a hero fighting against one's fatherland. (Hugo V.) Is it possible to escape from oneself, leaving one's homeland? (Horace) If the holy army shouts: “Throw Russia, live in paradise!”, I will say: “Don’t need paradise, Give me my homeland.” remain faithful to her, even at the cost of life. (J.-J. Rousseau) I understand loyalty as loyalty to the motherland, and not to its institutions and rulers. Motherland is true, lasting, eternal; the motherland must be protected, one must love it, one must be faithful to it; institutions are something external, like clothing, and clothing can wear out, tear, become uncomfortable, cease to protect the body from cold, illness and death. (M. Twain) Be faithful to the one who is faithful to you. (Plat) Both in friendship and in love, sooner or later the time for settling accounts comes. (DB Shaw) Cheating on a friend is much more painful than cheating on a loved one, because you don't expect it from him. (Etienne Rey) Cheating on a friend is a crime Without justification, without forgiveness. (Lope de Vega) Loyalty is the commandment of friendship, the most precious thing that can be given to a person. (E. Telman) Half friend - half traitor. (V. Hugo) An unfaithful friend is like a shadow that drags behind you while the sun is shining. (K. Dossi) A devotee to you is a friend; betrayed by you is an enemy. (A. Nadanyan) Be true to yourself, and then just as surely as night follows day, loyalty to other people will follow. (Shakespeare) Stupid is the man who never changes his mind. (W. Churchill) Who is true only to himself, is always false with others. (L. Sukhorukov) Who never changes his views, loves himself more than the truth. (J. Joubert) Whoever betrays himself does not love anyone in this world. (Shakespeare) Be true to yourself, and then as surely as night follows day, loyalty to other people will follow. (Shakespeare) If you hid the truth, hid it, if you did not rise from your seat and did not speak at the meeting, if you spoke without telling the whole truth, you betrayed the truth. (J. London) But it's sad to think that in vain We were given youth, That they cheated on her every hour, That she deceived us. (A.S. Pushkin) To change or not to change is entirely up to you. The main thing is not to cheat on yourself, not to waste on what is really not needed, and to be able to keep what is really valuable. (O. Roy) Being authentic means being true to yourself. (Osho) The liveliness of the mind does not make a person too beautiful if it is not accompanied by the correctness of judgments. Not those watches are good that go fast, but those that show the exact time. (Vauvenargues) The word "loyalty" has done a lot of harm. People have learned to be "faithful" to a thousand injustices and lawlessness. Meanwhile, they should have been true only to themselves, and then they would have rebelled against deceit. (M. Twain) Traitors betray themselves first of all. (Plutarch) White Fang did not like Gray Beaver - and yet remained faithful to him against his will, his anger. He couldn't help himself. This is how he was created. Loyalty was the property of the White Fang breed, loyalty distinguished him from all other animals, loyalty led the wolf and wild dog to man and allowed them to become his comrades. (J. London) Loyalty is the quality that people have lost, but dogs have retained. (A.P. Chekhov) Not a single dog in the world considers ordinary devotion to be something unusual. But people came up with the idea of ​​extolling this feeling of a dog as a feat only because not all of them and not so often have loyalty to a friend and fidelity to duty so much that this is the root of life, the natural foundation of the being itself, when the nobility of the soul is a self-evident state. (G. Troepolsky) A lot has already been written about dog fidelity, but no one seems to have said yet that fidelity is happiness. Whoever serves the one he loves already receives his reward. (L. Ashkenazy) Whoever has experienced affection for a faithful and intelligent dog, there is no need to explain with what warm gratitude she pays for this. There is something in the unselfish and selfless love of the beast that conquers the heart of anyone who has more than once experienced the treacherous friendship and deceptive devotion inherent in Man. (E.A. Poe) What can be considered treason? Is long-distance loyalty important? Can cheating be forgiven? Examples of real fidelity Loyalty to one's own word is the most important moral quality Time is the best test of loyalty Can betrayal be forced? What a person feels who betrayed his homeland A dog is the most faithful living creature "Loyalty is a worthy price for love" (Sergey Yasinsky) "Happiness needs fidelity, misfortune can do without it" (Seneca) "Faithful love helps to endure all hardships" (Schiller) "PURPOSE AND MEANS". “The concepts of this direction are interconnected and allow us to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal setting, the ability to correctly correlate the goal and the means to achieve it, as well as the ethical assessment of human actions. Many literary works feature characters who deliberately or mistakenly chose unsuitable means to implement their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal serves only as a cover for true (lower) plans. Such characters are opposed by heroes for whom the means to achieve a lofty goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality. Consider the concepts of "goal" and "means" from different angles. 1. Purpose as a fundamental part of human life. About the role and importance of having a goal in a person’s life, about its absence, about a person’s striving for heights, about achievements and about a goal as an engine of progress, about self-realization, great discoveries that are possible only thanks to a goal, about obstacles on the way to a goal, about a goal as a continuous process, as well as about what and who helps a person on the way to his goals. 2. Goals are different (true, false, great, vile, unattainable, selfish) You can talk about the differences between goals and dreams, as well as how a person’s goals are connected with his personality. What leads to the pursuit of certain goals. 3. Does the end justify the means? Here one can speculate about whether great goals achieved by dishonest means can be justified, about the importance of human life, about the methods of achieving the goal, and about the ethical evaluation of methods and means to achieve the goal. The goal is an imaginary peak, individual for each person, to which he aspires, and tries to fulfill for this all the necessary conditions, requirements, and duties that depend on him. From the point of view of philosophy, the goal is a necessary condition for life, both for man and for other organisms. Synonyms: intention, end, task, task, intention, plan, project, calculation, target; meta, types, end, dream, ideal, aspiration, object (of the sweetest dreams), so that; goal in itself, intent, the ultimate dream, the highest goal, landmark, intention, meaning, setting, purpose, goal setting, function, mission, fireball, dream-idea Means - a technique, a method of action to achieve something. or something that serves a goal, necessary to achieve, carry out smth. Synonyms: way, possibility, method; tool, device, weapon; panacea, tool, system, path, asset, resource, condition, method, recipe, drug.