Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad(March 1 (13), 1891 - September 30, 1970) - Soviet orientalist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958). Chairman of the editorial board of the series "Literary Monuments" (1962-1970).
Biography
Born in Riga (according to other sources, in the village of Zhukovka, Oryol province). Konrad's father was a wealthy railway engineer and a Latvian German, his mother was the daughter of a priest from the Oryol province.
He graduated from the Japanese-Chinese category of the Faculty of Oriental Languages of St. Petersburg University (1912) and the Japanese Department of the PVA (Practical Oriental Academy). He taught at the Kiev Commercial Institute (1912-1914). Trained in Japan (1914-1917), studied Japanese and Chinese language, culture and classical literature of Japan at the University of Tokyo. Upon returning to his homeland, together with E. D. Polivanov, he worked for some time in the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR (translated, in particular, into Japanese the “Appeal to the Peoples of the East” and “Appeal to the Working and Oppressed of the World”), was closely associated with the Chinese Council workers' deputies in Petrograd.
In 1919-1922 he taught at the Oryol University, was its rector. Since 1922 a teacher, since 1926 a professor at the Leningrad Institute of Living Oriental Languages (until 1938). At the same time he taught at the Geographical Institute of Leningrad State University. In 1934-1936 he lectured at the Institute of Red Professors. Since 1931, a researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, he headed the study of Japanese historical documents of the Meiji era, and also worked with N. A. Nevsky on compiling a Japanese-Russian dictionary. In 1934 he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
July 29, 1938 was arrested, charged under Art. 58-1a of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (as a Japanese spy). Leading the case of Conrad Deputy. early Department of the UNKVD LO Golub, investigator Trukhin, head. Department Solovyov, employees Garkavenko, Slepnev and others systematically beat him, kept him in the "rack" for several hours. Conrad twice retracted his testimony under torture. On November 10, 1939, the OSO under the NKVD of the USSR was sentenced to 5 years in labor camp; sent to Kansk. In the winter of 1939/40, he worked in a logging camp. Thanks to the efforts of influential people (including the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences V. L. Komarov), he was sent to the “sharashka”, where he worked with Chinese and Japanese.
It is reliably known that in the first half of 1941 he was engaged in scientific work directly in the Butyrka prison, where he was in connection with the review of the case. He was released by the decision of the OSO under the NKVD of the USSR on September 8, 1941. Since then he lived in Moscow.
Professor at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies (1941-1950), Moscow State University. Active member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (since 1958).
Scientific interests - Japanese classical and modern literature, socio-economic and political history of the Japanese Middle Ages, the Japanese education system, classical Japanese and Chinese philosophy, linguistics. He published translations into Russian of a number of monuments of Japanese classical literature (Ise-monogatari, Hojoki, etc.). The book "West and East" (1966), which traces cultural and historical parallels and ways of expressing the same ideas differently in the cultures of the West and East, became widely known. The author of the "Soviet version" of the concept of "Eastern Renaissance". As a teacher, he brought up many students, created a number of teaching aids. Editor of the "Big Japanese-Russian Dictionary" (1970), the breadth of the material presented in it is still unsurpassed.
Awards
- 2 orders of Lenin (including 06/10/1945)
- Japanese Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class (1969)
Criticism
Konrad, who was an ideological communist and collaborated with the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs on the issue of propaganda, together with his entourage participated in the propaganda persecution of the sinologist and full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences V. M. Alekseev, who was critical of communism. As the sinologist A. I. Kobzev notes, this activity of Konrad still did not save him from the verdict.
Bibliography
- Modern elementary school in Japan. - St. Petersburg, 1913. - 156 p.
- Japan. The people and the state. Historical essay. - Pg., Science and school, 1923. - 168 p.
- Japanese Literature in Samples and Essays. - L., 1927. - 553 p.; Reprint. - M.: Nauka, 1991. - 551 p., 5,000 copies. (Library of Russian Oriental Studies)
- Konrad N. I. Kabuki Theatre, its history and theory // Japanese Theatre. - L.-M.: All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, 1928. - 60 p. - 4,200 copies.
- A short essay on the grammar of Japanese spoken language. - L.: Leningrad Oriental Institute, 1934. - 65 p.
- Syntax of the Japanese national literary language. - M., 1937. - 375 p., 4,600 copies.
- West and East: Articles. - M.: Nauka, 1966. - 520 p. 3,400 copies; (2nd ed.) M.: Nauka, 1972. - 496 p., 15,000 copies.
- Essays on Japanese Literature. Articles and research. - M.: Artist. literature, 1973. - 462 p., 6,000 copies.
- Japanese literature. From Kojiki to Tokutomi. Essays. - M.: Nauka, 1974. - 568 p., 5,500 copies.
- Selected Works: History. - M.: Nauka, 1974. - 472 p., 6,000 copies.
- Selected works: Sinology. - M.: Nauka, 1977. - 622 p., 6,000 copies; Reprint - M.: Ladomir, 1995. - 622 p., 2,000 copies.
- Selected works. Literature and theatre. - M.: Nauka, 1978. - 462 p., 8,000 copies.
- Essay on the history of culture of medieval Japan, 7-16 centuries. - M.: Art, 1980. - 144 p., 30,000 copies.
- Unpublished works. Letters. - M.: Russian political encyclopedia, 1996. - 544 p., 2,000 copies.
Translations.
- Ise Monogatari. Lyrical tale of ancient Japan. / Per. N.I. Konrad. - Pg.: World Literature, 1923. - 169 p. ; M.: Nauka, 1979. - 288 p., 100,000 copies. (Literary monuments).
- Sun Tzu. Treatise on the art of war. Translation from Chinese. and research by N.I. Konrad. - M.-L.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences, 1950. - 404 p., 3,000 copies.
- Wu-tzu. Treatise on the art of war. / Per. with whale. N.I. Konrad. - M.: IVL, 1958. - 131 p., 4,000 copies.
Place of Birth
A place of death
Education
St. Petersburg University, Faculty of Oriental Languages (1912)
Years of work at the university
Stages of a career at the university
Life milestones, career outside the university
1912-1914 - teacher at the Kiev Commercial School.
In 1914-1917. Trained in Japan (Tokyo University).
After the revolution, he worked in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR.
1919-1922 - teacher, rector of the Oryol University.
1922-1938 - teacher at the Leningrad Institute of Living Oriental Languages (since 1926 - professor).
1934-1936 - Lecturer at the Institute of Red Professors.
Since 1931 he has been a researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences; since 1934 - Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
He taught at the Geographic and Economic Research Institute.
In 1938 he was arrested as a Japanese spy. Sentenced to 5 years in a forced labor camp. Until 1940, he worked at a logging site, but then he was engaged in scientific activities while in prison. He was released ahead of schedule in 1941 in connection with the review of the case.
1941-1950 - professor at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies.
Awards
Order of the Rising Sun 2nd class (Japan)
The order of Lenin
Prizes
USSR State Prize
Area of scientific interests, significance in science
Japanese history and literature. Chinese and Japanese philosophy. Through the efforts of K., translations of such works of Japanese literature as Ise-Monogatari, Hojoki, and others were made.
Students
- B.B. Vakhtin
Major writings
Modern elementary school in Japan. SPb., 1913.
Japan. The people and the state. Historical essay. Pg., 1923.
Japanese Literature in Samples and Essays. L., 1927.
A short essay on the grammar of Japanese spoken language. L .: Leningrad Oriental Institute, 1934.
Syntax of the Japanese national literary language. M., 1937.
Sun Tzu. Treatise on the art of war. Translation and research by N.I. Konrad. - M.-L., 1950.
Essays on Japanese Literature. Articles and research. M., 1973.
Unpublished works. Letters. M., 1996.
Basic bio-bibliography
Braginsky I.S. On the main features of the literary concept of Academician N.I. Konrad (on the occasion of his 80th birthday) // Peoples of Asia and Africa. 1971. No. 2. S. 139-146; Stein V.M. Academician N.I. Konrad on the history of ancient Chinese military art // China. Japan. History and Philology. - M., 1961. S. 39-44; Ziganshin R.M. Studies by academician N.I. Konrad of the military thought of ancient China // Vostok. Afro-Asian societies: history and modernity. 2007. No. 2. S. 211-221; Badaev E.V. The role of N. I. Konrad in the development of Soviet oriental studies in the 1940s // Bulletin of the Kuzbass State Technical University. 2006. No. 6. S. 151-155; Badaev E.V. Influence of the Far Eastern Philosophical Tradition on the Worldview of the Orientalist N. I. Konrad // Bulletin of the Tomsk State University. History. 2009. No. 2. S. 67-69; Badaev E.V. Formation of the cultural-historical concept of N. I. Konrad / E. V. Badaev. Kemerovo, 2010. Russian orientalists: D. M. Pozdneev, N. I. Konrad, N. A. Nevsky, V. D. Plotnikova, A. L. Galperin, G. I. Podpalova, A. E. Gluskina, V N. Markova. Pages of memory: collection / Comp., foreword. N. F. Leshchenko. M., 1998; Balashov N.I. The problem of the possibility of Renaissance processes in different cultural areas, disputes around it and the question of the continuity of the views of Academicians V. M. Alekseev and N. I. Konrad // Russia-East-West. Managing editor: Academician N.I. Tolstoy. M., 1998.
Database "Teaching Corps of the Petrograd-Leningrad University, 1914-1934". Rep. editors E.A. Rostovtsev, I.L. Sidorchuk
Genus. in Riga. In 1912 he graduated from the East. Faculty of St. Petersburg. university and Japan. Department of Practical east academy. Improved knowledge in Japan (Tokyo, 1914-1917). In 1912, 1914-1915 and presumably in 1916. made trips to Korea for field historical, ethnographic and anthropological research, collecting collections for the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography at the Russian Academy of Sciences and studying the Korean language. The result of the work in Korea was a large work, which was published only in 1996. It was the last one in the 20th century written by a Russian ethnographer based on field research in Korea. After 1916, for more than 80 years, Russian ethnographers did not have the opportunity to conduct them.
Peru N.I. Konrad also owns several small works on the history of medieval Korea. Their exact number is unknown. Two of them entered the "World History". T. 3. (M., 1957), three more were published after his death in the book: Konrad N.I. "Selected Works. History” (M.: Nauka, 1974). A feature of these works was the vision of the history of Korea in close connection with other countries belonging to a common region, and also as an integral part of a single world-historical process. Presumably, they were written as part of a future comprehensive work on the history of the Far Eastern Middle Ages, a period that N.I. Konrad, but he did not manage to carry out this plan.
Founder and organizer of Soviet Japanese studies.
Translator of ancient Chinese literary monuments, editor of the translation into Russian of Shi Ching (1957); author of "A Brief Essay on the History of Chinese Literature" (1959) and a number of articles on the work of Chinese classics - Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Han Yu, and others.
Dr. philol. Sciences (10/15/1934, without protection). Professor (03/19/1926). Corresponding Member Academy of Sciences of the USSR (February 12, 1934). Valid. Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (June 20, 1958). State. USSR Prize (1972). Kiev teacher. commercial in-ta (1913-1914), where he gave a lecture course on the ethnography of the peoples of the Far East, which presumably included information about the Koreans. Orlovsk teacher. State University (1919-1923), Leningrad State University and Lizhvya (1922-1938), IKP (1934-1936), MIV (1941-1950).
Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1931-1970), where he was the first to turn to the study of Korea, making a report in 1931 entitled "The Spread of Japanese Imperialism in Korea"; in the 1930s - head. Japanese-Korean office of the Institute.
Dzharylgasinova R.Sh., Sorokina M.Yu. Academician N.I. Konrad: (Unknown pages of biography and creative activity) // Repressed biographers. Issue. 1. M., 1999. S. 199-234. 2nd ed. M., 2003.
**Dzharylgasinova R.Sh. Comments on the work of N.I. Konrad "Essays on the social organization and spiritual culture of Koreans at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries" // Konrad N.I. Unpublished works. Letters. - M.: ROSSPEN, 1996. S. 449-464.
Meeting in the Leningrad Institute of Oriental Studies, USSR Academy of Sciences, dedicated. in memory of Academician N.I. Konrad // Peoples of Asia and Africa. 1981, No. 4. S. 173.
Ivanov V.V. In memory of Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad // Uch. app. TartG U. Vol. 313. Tr. in Oriental studies. T. 2. Part 2. 1973. S. 496-499.
Ivanov Vyach.Sun. N.I.Konrad as an interpreter of the text // Ise Monogatari. M., 1979. S.260-286.
Ioffe I.L. In memory of Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad: (1891-1970) // Vestn. Moscow State University. Ser. 13. Oriental studies. 1971, No. 1. S. 105-106, portr.
East-philol. research: (Sb. Art. to the 75th anniversary of Academician N.I. Konrad). M., 1967. - From the contents: Braginsky I.S. More than half a century in scientific build. pp. 3-9, portrait; Grivnin V.S., Popov K.A. List of works of academician N.I. Conrad. pp. 9-20. (Chronological list of 245 books, articles, reviews and revisions of works for 1913-1966); Popov K.A. Eight songs of Hitachi. pp. 331-337.
[N.I. Konrad] On the anniversary of the birth // Peoples of Asia and Africa. 1972, No. 2. S. 148-149.
China and Japan. History and Philology: (To the 70th anniversary of Academician N.I. Konrad). M., 1961.- From the contents: Zhukov E. On the 70th anniversary of Academician Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad. pp. 5-6; Fainberg E.Ya. Academician N.I. Konrad is a historian of Japan. pp. 167-181; Grivnin V.S., Popov K.A. Bibliography of N.I. Conrad. pp. 324-330. (Chronological list of 148 books, articles, reviews, translations and edits of works for 1913-1960)
To the 70th anniversary of Academician N.I. Conrad // Middle. century. Issue. 20. M., 1961. S. 350.
Knyazevskaya T.B. In memory of N.I. Konrad // Vestn. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1971, No. 8. S. 216-129.
Komiyama Ryohei. Last letter: (On the death of Dr. Conrad) // Niso toso tsushin. Tokyo, 1971, No. 11. S. 28-29, port. In Japanese. lang.
Kondo Tadayoshi. Memories of Dr. Conrad // Connitino sorempo. Tokyo, 1970, No. 24, pp. 37-38. In Japanese. lang.
Kononov A.N. A word about Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad: (To the 75th anniversary of his birth) // Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. T. 25. OLIA. 1966. Issue. 2. S.164-166.
Konrad N.I. // Alekseev V.M. Science of the East. M., 1982. S. 89, 90, 94, 98, 158, 205, 208,401,402,405,408,413,422.
Konrad N.I. // TSB. 2nd ed. T. 22. 1953. S. 399. - The same: 3rd ed. T. 13. M., 1973. S. 37.
Konrad N.I. // Gromkovskaya L.L., Kychanov E.I. Nikolai Alexandrovich Nevsky. M., 1978. S. 22, 32, 41, 43-45, 54, 55, 58, 165,181,182,186,192,193.
Eliseev D.D., Nikitina M.I.. Korean Studies // Asian Museum - Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - M.: Nauka, GRVL, 1972. S. 202, 203.
** [Konrad N.I.] - see about him in the book: Dzharylgasinova R.Sh. Ancient Koguryeo (On the ethnic history of Koreans) .- M .: GRVL, 1972. S. 161.
** [Konrad N.I] - see it in the book: Ionova Yu.V. Rites, customs and their social. Functions in Korea: Mid-19th – early 20th century / Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Ethnography. - M.: Nauka, 1982. S. 8, 99, 216.
Konrad Nikolai Iosifovich: (1891-1970) // People and Fates: (1917-1991). SPb., 2003. S. 212-214, port.
**[Konrad N.I.] - see about him in the article: Vasiliev A. G., Rachkov G. E. From the history of teaching and learning the Korean language at St. Petersburg University. On the centenary of the beginning of teaching the Korean language at St. Petersburg University and the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the departments of Korean philology and Korean history at Leningrad University // Bulletin of the Center for Korean Language and Culture. Issue. 2. Center "Petersburg Oriental Studies" St. Petersburg. 1997. S. 9, 10.
Dzharylgasinova R.Sh. Russian (Soviet) Ethnographic Korean Studies (40–90s of the XX century) // Russian Korean Studies. Almanac. Issue. I. M.: Ant-Guide, 1999. S. 51, 58, 69.
** [Konrad N.I.] - see about him in the book: Ionova Yu.V. Rites, customs and their social. Functions in Korea: Mid-19th – early 20th century / Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Ethnography. - M.: Nauka, 1982. S. 8, 99, 125, 216.
**[Konrad N.I.] - see about him in the article: Dmitrieva V.N.. On the past days of Moscow Korean studies // Russian Korean studies. Almanac. Issue. 3. - M.: Ant, 2003. S. 79.
Konrad N.I. // Kononov A.N., Iorish I.I. Leningrad Oriental Institute. M., 1977. S. 5, 15, 24, 25, 35, 41, 57, 64, 81, 82, 84, 85, 99, 120.
Konrad N.I. When and how did I become an orientalist // Peoples of Asia and Africa. 1967, No. 5. S. 237-241.
Konrad N.I. // ITU. 3rd ed. T. 4. M., 1959. S. 1147.
Konrad N.I. // Moscow: (Ents.). M., 1980. S. 322.
Konrad N.I. // Skachkov P.E. Essays on the history of Russian. sinology. M., 1977. S. 268, 277, 307,347.
Konrad N.I. // SES. M., 1980. S. 627. - The same: 3rd ed. M., 1984. S. 619.
Konrad N.I. // Ukr. glad. enc. T. 7. Kyiv, 1962. S. 167-168. In Ukrainian lang.
Kuzmin A.I. Scientific session dedicated to in memory of Academician N.I. Conrad // Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. T. 30. Ser. literature and language. 1971. Issue. 4. S. 371-372.
Kuzmin F.F., Strokov G.V. Meeting at the House of Scientists: (To the 70th anniversary of N.I. Konrad) // Vopr. linguistics. 1961, No. 4. S. 144-145.
Levin V.I. Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad // Lenin. The science. Young people. M., 1980. S. 414-415, portr.
Likhachev D.S. N.I. Konrad as leader of the series "Lit. monuments" // Archeographic. yearbook. 1971. M., 1972. S. 226-230.
Likhachev D.S. Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad // Oznobishin D.V. Lit. monuments. M., 1973. S. 28-36.
International recognition of the merits of owls. scientist // Vestn. ancient stories. 1969, No. 3. S. 209-210.
Mironov S.A. Honoring Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad // Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. T. 20. OLYA. 1961. Issue. 4. S. 361.
Mikhailov A.F. Konrad N.I. // Whale. philosophy. M., 1994. S. 148-149.
Peoples of Asia and Africa. 1971, No. 5. - From the content: Nauch. meetings dedicated to 80th birthday: Svyatsky B.M. pp. 218-221; Podpalova G.I. Session dedicated to the 80th anniversary of his birth, in Leningrad. pp. 221-222; Korchagina T.N., Sheftelevich N.S. pp. 222-223.
N.I. Konrad: (Brief description of scientific activity) / / Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. T. 17. OLYA 1958. Issue. 5. S. 476-477,479.
N.I. Konrad is the founder of the school of owls. Japaneseists // Alpatov V.M. Study of Japanese. language in Russia and the USSR. M., 1988. P. 83-97.
Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad: (1891-1970) // Peoples of Asia and Africa. 1970, No. 5. S. 250-251, portr.
Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad: (To the 70th anniversary of his birth) // Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. T. 20. OLYA. Issue. 2. 1961. Incl. sheet.
Novichkova E. Evening of Science and Poetry: (In memory of Academician N.I. Konrad) // For Science in Siberia. 1979, Dec 20
About the late Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad // Fukuoka (UNESCO). 1972, No. 7. S. 10-11. In Japanese. lang.
**Pak M.N. Problems of Korean and Japanese feudalism in the works of N.I. Konrad // Vestn. Moscow State University. Ser. 13. Oriental studies. 1988, No. 4. pp. 22-33.
In memory of Academician Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad: (1891-1970) // Nov. and newest history. 1971, No. 1.S. 205-207.
In memory of N.I. Konrad // Vestn. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1971, no. 8. pp. 125-129.
Pozdneeva L.D., Pashkovsky A.A. In memory of Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad: (1891-
1970) // Nauch. report higher schools: (Philological sciences). 1971, No. 1. S. 108-110.
Popov K.M. A Review of Historical and Literary Research by Academician Nikolai I. Konrad. Calcutta: Statistical publ. society, 1940. 10 p. (Soviet Oriental Studies / Indian Statistical Institute. Acad, of Sciences of the USSR)
About the late academician N.I. Konrad // Japan today. 1971, No. 18. S. 81, port.
Problems of Oriental Studies. 1961, No. 1. - From the contents: Gluskina A.E. Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad: (On the occasion of his 70th birthday). pp. 217-220; G r and v n and n B.C., Popov K.A. Bibliography of the works of Academician N.I. Conrad. pp. 220-225. (Chronological list of 148 books, articles, edition, translation and edition of works for 1913-1960)
Problems of history and theory of worlds, culture: (Collection of articles in memory of academician N.I. Konrad). M., 1974. - From the content: Zhukov E.M. N.I. Konrad is an outstanding historian and orientalist. pp. 3-11; Khrapchenko M.B. Scientist and man: (Strokes to the portrait). pp. 12-16; Tikhvinsky S.L. Academician N.I. Konrad as a historian of the Daln countries. East. pp. 17-27; Fishman O.L. N.I. Konrad - historian of the whale. literature. pp. 28-42; Gulyga A.V. N.I. Konrad as a philosopher. pp. 43-53; Goldberg D.I. Contribution of N.I. Conrad in the study of the common. problems and patterns of the world. stories. pp. 54-67; Pinus E.M. N.I. Konrad is a scientist and educator. pp. 80-85; Pozdneeva L.D. N.I. Konrad as a teacher. pp. 86-96; Mongait A.A. Correspondence N.I. Conrad with D. Toynbee. from. 143-160; Pashkovsky A.A. I'm Conrad and the syntax problems are Japanese. language. pp. 161-164.
Semanov V.I., Likhachev D.S. Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad: (Obituary) // Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. T. 30. Ser. literature and language. 1971. Issue. 1.C. 99-102, port.
Skachkov P.E. Bibliography of China. M., I960 Alf. decree. P. 648. (Reference to 21 books, articles and reviews for 1925-1957)
Sorokina M.Yu. Evening in memory of N.I. Conrad // Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. T. 50. Ser. literature and language. 1991. Issue. 6. S. 569-572.
Sorokina M.Yu. Nikolai Konrad: (Life between West and East) // Tragic. fate: (Repressed, scientists of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR). M., 1995. S. 128-143.
Tamazishvili A.O. To the 100th anniversary of N.I. Conrad//Japan. 1991-1992. M., 1994. S. 191-208.
Tamazishvili A.O. Nikolai Konrad: Appeal to the future? // Ros. orientalists: p. memory. M., 1998. S. 63-105.
Utchenko S.L. Academician Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad: (1891-1970) // Vestn. ancient stories. 1971, No. 1. S. 203-204.
Feldman N.I. Konrad N.I. // KLE. T. 3. M., 1966. Stb. 709.
Honoring Acad. N.I. Konrad // Vestn. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1961, No. 5. S. 106.
Honoring Corresponding Member Academy of Sciences of the USSR N.I. Konrad: (In the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR) // Vestn. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1951, No. 6. S. 79-80.
Honoring Corresponding Member Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Professor N.I. Konrad: (In connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth) // Brief. message Institute of Oriental Studies (AN USSR). No. 2. M., 1952. S. 71-72.
Chiknaverova A.A. From the history of science of the twentieth century: (S.V. Eliseev, N.I. Konrad, V.M. Konstantinov, A.O. Makovelsky). M., 2002. S. 13-22.
// New literary review. - 2002. - No. 53.
Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad
Konrad Nikolai Iosifovich (p. 1 (13). III. 1891) - Soviet orientalist, founder of the Soviet school of Japanologists. Academician (since 1958). Was born in Riga. In 1912 he graduated from St. Petersburg University and the Practical Oriental Academy. Professor (since 1926), Doctor of Philology and Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1934). In 1913-1950, he conducted pedagogical work in higher educational institutions in Kyiv, Orel, Leningrad and Moscow. Trained many qualified orientalists. The main directions of Konrad's scientific activity are literary criticism, linguistics, history and cultural history of China, Korea and Japan, as well as translations of written monuments of these countries into Russian. Konrad is a member of the main editorial board of World History and editor-in-chief of a number of monographs by Soviet orientalists. A deep analysis of the general laws and peculiarities of the historical development of the countries of Asia and Europe allowed Conrad to expose the "Eurocentrism" contained in the works of many bourgeois scholars. Conrad's works testify to his comprehensive study of the countries of the Far East, the versatility of his scientific interests.
Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 7. KARAKEEV - KOSHAKER. 1965.
Major works: Japanese literature in samples and essays, L., 1927; Japanese Theatre, in the book: Oriental Theatre, L., 1929; Allotment system in Japan, "Tr. IVAN", v. 17, 1936; Syntax of the Japanese national literary language, M., 1937; Sun Tzu. Treatise on the military. art, M.-L., 1950; Wed century in ist. science, in Sat. Art.: From the history of socio-political ideas, M., 1955; The problem of realism and literature of the East, "VL", 1957, No 1; Wu Tzu. Treatise on the military. art, M., 1958; Chapters on China, Korea, Mongolia, Japan in vols. 2-4. "World History" (some sections co-authored); Notes on the meaning of history, VIMK, 1961, No 2; Reflections on the history of cultural and scientific. development of mankind, "NAiA", 1962, No 5; Oriental studies, SIE, vol. 3, M., 1963.
Literature: Bibliography of the works of N. I. Konrad, comp. V. S. Grivnin and K. A. Popov, in: China. Japan. History and Philology, M., 1961; Zhukov E., On the seventieth anniversary of Acad. N.I. Konrad, ibid.; Fainberg E. Ya., Acad. N. I. Konrad - historian of Japan, ibid.; Gluskina A. E., N. I. Konrad, "PV", 1961, No 1.
Konrad Nikolai Iosifovich (1 (13) 03.1891, Riga - 09/30/1970, Moscow) - orientalist, specialist in the history of Chinese and Japanese thought, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1958). Author of numerous works on the history of aesthetics, literature and theater in Southeast Asia, on the problems of Oriental languages, the theory of the historical process, and philosophical comparative studies. He was arrested in 1938, was in the Kansk camps until the early autumn of 1941. In the works of the 1920s, Konrad explores the aesthetic principles of Japanese art, traces parallels between them and the principles of modern Western art. aesthetics, the role of Kabuki and related genres of literature and visual arts ( Kabuki theater// Theatrical October. M.; L., 1926. S. 109 sl.). Conrad's research in the field of Chinese thought is based primarily on texts that are not strictly philosophical in nature, in particular on treatises on the art of war. Konrad reconstructs the special features of Chinese education, the special logic of building scientific "systems" in their not so much cognitive as educational function. The works of Konrad on linguistics, his analysis of the hieroglyphic tradition, its role in culture, the features of the Japanese language, which combines hieroglyphics and the alphabet, which creates a unique “two-layeredness” of any text, had a great influence on Russian linguistics. Conrad's works on the history of Japanese literature give a comprehensive picture of Japanese national culture, present a complex of its main ideas, figurative and poetic structure, and invariants of the Japanese spiritual tradition from Kojiki to Tokutomi. Conrad emphasized the impossibility of constructing modern literary criticism and aesthetics, for example, the theory of the novel, without taking into account the relevant monuments of Japanese literature. Conrad's book "West and East" (2nd ed. M., 1972), in addition to comparative essays, includes an analysis of the possibilities and boundaries of the comparative study of cultures (go to their monuments and representatives), criteria for the scientific evaluation of the results of intercultural comparison, contains a rationale for the need for comparative method in modern Orientalism as one of the main ones. In a number of publications of the 1960s, Conrad proposed his own model of the historical process, including the principles of periodization of the history of various regions of the world, an analysis of the content of such concepts as "antiquity", "revival", gave a special interpretation of the idea of "world history". Of great importance was the activity of Konrad as an organizer of science, teacher, editor and member of the editorial boards of such publications as the Library of World Literature, Philosophical Heritage, Monuments of Oriental Literature, etc.
P. N. Trubnikova
Russian philosophy. Encyclopedia. Ed. the second, modified and supplemented. Under the general editorship of M.A. Olive. Comp. P.P. Apryshko, A.P. Polyakov. - M., 2014, p. 290.
Read further:
Philosophers, lovers of wisdom (biographical index).
Historians (biographical index).
Compositions:
Dialogue of Historians. Correspondence of A. Toynbee and N. Conrad // New World. 1967. No. 7;
Fav. works: History. 1974;
Fav. works: Sinology. M., 1977;
Fav. Proceedings: Literature and theater. M., 1978;
Literature:
The problem of history and theory of world culture // Sat. Art. memory of acad. N.I. Konrad. M., 1974;
Rubin V. A. On the history and culture of China: Diary pages // Vostok. 1991. No. 1;
N. I. Konrad. Materials for the bibliography of scientists. Ser. literature and lang. M „ 1994. Issue. twenty.
