Today I went to one of the district centers of the Penza region - Nizhny Lomov. The feeling of surprise does not pass until now and makes you delve into the Internet in search of the ins and outs of this not quite ordinary city.
But before loading you with various details, I will inform you about the etymology of the name - Lomov is not from the word "scrap", but from "lyam"- willow, in Moksh. The city is located on the Lomovka River, upstream of it there is also Upper Lomov.
Nizhny Lomov is the second oldest city in our region. He celebrated his 350th birthday in 1996. The history of the city begins in 1634, the last year of the unsuccessful Smolensk War for the Russian state. Muscovy at some point turned out to be practically defenseless from the endless raids of restless residents wild field and future resorts of Crimea. The Boyar Duma decided to urgently restore the old fortified lines and build a new one that went down in history as Belgorodskaya. It began on the territory of the future Sumy region and ended in the area of the current settlements of the Penza region - Nizhny Lomov and Upper Lomov. According to the "line" (as the fortified lines used to be called), several fortress cities were built, the easternmost of which were the indicated two Lomovs.
Like the urban landscape of Nizhny Lomov.
Pay attention to storm sewers. In Penza, there is almost nowhere else like this.
The strategic objective of the construction 800 from the kilometer line of fortifications there was an overlap of three main transport routes along which the hordes of our future compatriots invaded the boundaries of Muscovy - Muravsky, Izyumsky and Kalmiussky ways. The first two were usually used by the Crimean Tatars, the last by the Nogais. The purpose of the construction of Nizhny Lomov was to control the Kozlyatsky ford, through which the road from the Wild Field to the oldest city in the Penza region, Narovchat, ran.
Thus, in 1636 Nizhny Lomov was founded. Its construction, as a city-fortress, was carried out according to the principles subsequently used in Penza: a separate fortress, a separate place for the settlement of archers, Cossacks, and further down the list. Now the latter is known as Peshaya Sloboda.
Expansion, or rather, no longer expansion, but the development of new territories by Russia continued, and in 1645 construction began Simbirsk fortified line("features"), stretching from the future Michurinsk, Tambov region, through Nizhny Lomov further to Karsunov (now in the Simbirsk region) and to Simbirsk proper (now Ulyanovsk).
The situation in the Wild Field calmed down, which led to an increase in trade in the region. Trade caravans from the Don, Azov, Central Asia and even from China stretched through the city (how the devil knows how they got here, but historians believe in it). The city turned into a major transshipment post on the way to Nizhny Novgorod for the fair. He soon acquired his own fair (1717). After 50 years, there were 300 shops and 8 thousand customers. In 1780, the city deservedly received the status of a district in the Penza governorate (the future Penza province, not to be confused with the Penza region, as our governor and his entourage like to do. Geographically, the Penza province had very little in common with the Penza region, in addition, between the cessation of the existence of the province and the creation of the region 10 years have passed). At the end of the 18th century, the direction of trade routes changed and the Nizhnelomov Fair ceased to exist, and the townspeople turned into peasants. However, in In 1785, a plan for regular urban development was adopted and the construction of what Nizhny Lomov actually is at the present time began. The population of the town at that time was 4 thousand people.
In 1858, the first factory appeared in the city ( matchbox), now the production of matches has been moved to Verkhny Lomov.
In 1861 the city received new coat of arms, which reflected its history both as a fortress city and as a center of agricultural production
In the current coat of arms, only red wedges. It's easier.
Then there were events regarded by some experts in the history of the region as put an end to all plans for the transformation of Nizhny Lomov into a major industrial center: during the construction of the Vernadovka-Syzran railway (in 1890 it became part of the Ryazh-Syzran railway), when choosing between two options for the route of the road in the Penza direction - the north, through Nizhny Lomov and the south, through Kamenka, then just a village, the south was chosen. Perhaps the builders were bribed (there were such cases. For example, when the railway came to Penza, its station was originally planned to be built at the beginning of the future Moskovskaya Street, but local merchants had large warehouses there, the transfer of which required material costs and the station was built a little to the west. The tradition of laying with a large device for public needs is one of the main features of our city, the confirmation of which is constantly coming in. I myself live next to an example of such an attitude towards the urban economy), perhaps the builders were confused by some, but not very strong, hilly terrain in the Nizhny Lomov. In general, the city was left without a railway. Only 60 years later, when the city, in spite of everything and against all odds, grew into a small industrial center (10,000 inhabitants, match factories, plywood, liquor production, as many as two printing houses and its own newspaper "Kuranty" - the oldest existing newspaper of Penza region, for a moment!), only then, already the Soviet state stretched a 33-kilometer branch line to the Vylyadovka station, the Syzran-Ryazhskaya railway (now the Kuibyshev railway). Currently, the station is operating, but there is no passenger service with Nizhny Lomov.
The Great Patriotic War played a significant role in the development of the Nizhnelomovskaya economy, when Shostka Electromechanical Plant. Surprisingly, the Sumy region again turned out to be connected with the history of the city. By the end of the Soviet era, the city's population reached 27 thousand people who worked at the Electromechanical Plant, the Plywood Factory and two distilleries. Popular among Moscow bureaucrats was Nizhnelomovsky factory-made moonshine called " The Golden Cockerel"It was impossible to buy it in Penza. Created during the "brilliant" rule of the region by the Yermin-Myasnikov duumvirate, who put their lives on supplying Moscow with everything necessary and slightly forgot about the needs of the inhabitants of the region, this food product was intended solely to meet the needs of those in power.
"Golden Cockerel" - alcohol symbol of Nizhny Lomov
When this product appeared in the free market in the 90s, it turned out that nothing special he does not represent himself and, purely for my taste, he is the same elite wine and vodka product as the "shah" with a radiator grill for Merc - a product of the German automobile industry.
In 1946, the city received a significant impetus for development - the future federal highway "Ural" passed through it. It was actually a joyful and positive event for Nizhny Lomov. After all, until that time there were simply no normal roads in our area! Suffice it to recall the memoirs of the aircraft designer Yakovlev, who, running away from Moscow in October 1941, SUTKI was driving from Ryazhsk to Michurinsk (this is in the neighboring Tambov region, but everything was the same with us). 120 kilometers per day. These are the roads we had then.
After the fall of the "godless Bolsheviks" regime, the city was slightly covered. Along the route there were numerous points for the sale of products of local industry. Mostly children's bikes. Depopulation began - people rushed to Penza and Moscow. The population has dropped from 27,000 to 24,000. However, in recent years, during which the region receives generous subsidies from the center, going to a large extent for the development of infrastructure, something has also fallen to Nizhny Lomov.
It was like historical digression, introduction to the course. I turn to my trip today and what surprised me there.
I went there for work. Haven't been to town for 9 years. The Ural highway runs along the northeastern outskirts of Nizhny Lomov. Then, in 2004, there was a traffic police post and that's it. And now a brand new gas station. Opposite, on the other side of the track is a restaurant with a bowling alley. Very decent sizes. The city itself is also rapidly changing. Struck by the amount of siding and police cars. The locals say that police corny don't care to do, here they are around the clock and burn gasoline. To be honest, I had exactly the same feeling. When in 10 minutes a police car passes by you 10 times, or even a rafik, and just like that, without a siren, nothing else comes to mind.
Opposite the building where the organization is located, where I went in 2004, there was a tiny stall, and now a business center made of glass and aluminum. Shops in Nizhny Lomov differ from those in Penza. We run the show networkers, and partisans usually work in the mode of closing the holes of chain stores. Right there, right next to the bus station in a small store, the assortment is such that you will lick your fingers. At least for sausage and confectionery. As my dad says - you weren't in the city if you didn't eat there". I didn’t manage to eat, but I ate the chocolate gingerbread bought there today, already at home, in Penza, with pleasure. Awesome. Let’s write it down - for gingerbread we have to go to Nizhny Lomov, and for pies in Gorodishche (this is a separate story).
Now finally about what surprised me in this city. I have already written that in 1785 a plan for regular urban development was adopted. So, I was amazed at what came out of it in the end.
You see, in our city with transport schemes of cities, everything is not easy. Penza is just hell, the creation of a crazy (and not completely crazy, but in a long process) expressionist artist (he is also a cubist, surrealist and suprematist). Sometimes he lets go, he grabs his head from contemplating the creation of his hands, realizing that he will soon cover again, rushes to fix everything, he manages to do something, and then again goes into the saving cubic nirvana. It started a long time ago, 140 years ago, and still does not end.
In other cities, the current transport scheme dates back to those blessed times when the entire population of the villages on the site of which these towns arose every Sunday in friendly crowds went to the only temple in the village-town. It is around this super-street that something is winding up, as a rule, chaotically and unsystematically. Such is Kamenka, Kuznetsk, Nikolsk. And he moved away from her and there is no city. Village by village. Although, sometimes, with nine-story buildings. There is of course an exception - the Settlement. Megavillage. That is, a village, but with a regular grid of streets. paved.
So - Nizhny Lomov is just not like that. Most of its 18 square kilometers of area are covered by a neat grid of streets. Quite wide, with normal coverage and even with storm sewers.
Have you ever played SimCity? Remember, this is how you create a grid of streets, lay utility lines, organize transport and wait for these squares to fill with people. But if the computer freezes, then the picture with unfilled squares remains forever. That's exactly what Nizhny Lomov is like. Underfilled. Continuous open spaces, low-rise buildings among which sometimes quite unexpectedly appears a five-story residential building, exactly the same as in the same Penza, with exactly the same yard, and then again - emptiness.
House on Lunacharskogo street. Here are exactly the same houses, exactly the same Lunacharsky street, only in Penza. True, we have a whole block of them, known as "Arrow", and in Nizhny Lomov there is one alone for the whole street. But his yard has just been asphalted, which, by the way, looks much more well-groomed than Penza yards near the same five-story buildings.
And no one puts cars on lawns.
And in the neighboring yard, literally 2 minutes walk, the residents of the local "townhouse" turned the yard into a garden, even dragged a water tank. In our city, on the outskirts, this also happens, but I haven’t seen tanks.
Having a population density of just over 1 thousand people per square kilometer (in Penza four times more), an ideal "substrate" (the territory of the city of little hills) Nizhny Lomov could have a population of 100-150 thousand people in the same size and with the same city plan, but... it didn't work out.
In addition to similarities with SimCity, Nizhny Lomov surprises with an abundance of city artifacts that create a completely unique urban atmosphere.
That's just bin at the entrance to one of the shops, which are many on the streets of the city (mostly they sell auto parts, food is in second place, but spare parts far outnumber them):
And this is a well-preserved Moskvich 407. I have not seen a "Russian Renault" in such excellent condition for a long time.
Do you know what it is? This is columns. Despite the almost continuous water supply of the city center, the columns remained and, for the convenience of users, were designed as wells. People come and drink. The water is very tasty.
Or here - to expand the area of the apartment on the ground floor due to the outbuilding-loggia, we have learned for twenty years already, to turn the same apartment into a store with an entrance directly from the street, too, but here apartment with an entrance through a loggia I have never seen
On the one hand, you live in a high-rise building, and on the other, as if in your own house. Cool. Although, I wouldn't want to live like that.
Surprised by the building local bus station, combined with the building of the motor transport enterprise. The administrative building is purely Soviet in style, the foyer on the ground floor is used as a waiting room.
But the most remarkable place in Nizhny Lomov is their fire station. Here you really understand how important its traditions are for the indigenous population of the city. As you know, before the revolution, fire departments often consisted of volunteers and the attitude towards firefighters then was akin to that which we see in historical films about America.
On the left is a fire cart with a barrel and a hand pump, on the right, as it were, not a GAZ-AA. Probably the only one left in the area.
By the way, the coat of arms above the cart, the very first - 1781.
Well, then I got to the bus station and an hour later I was at home. All the way I was impressed by the amount of work currently being carried out on the federal highway "Ural" M5, thanks to which the flow of cars along it now goes at a speed of 110-120 km / h.
I answer the inevitable questions - this trip sponsored by no one, to the heap, I forgot to mark the travel certificate. It's just that I love to travel, but it's rare to combine my wanderlust with my professional needs.
Rodnikov Alexander Ivanovich
Russians and others
Orthodox
Nizhnelomovtsy, Nizhnelomovets, Lomovites
Nizhny Lomov- a city in the Penza region of Russia, the administrative center of the Nizhnelomovsky municipal district. Nizhniy Lomov terminal railway station on a branch line from the Syzran-Ryazhsk line.
Geography
Story
It was founded as a prison in 1636. Together with Verkhniy Lomov, it became one of the main strongholds in the system of the Belgorod barrier line, guarding the important Kozlyatsky ford crossing, located at the crossroads from the Wild Field to Narovchat and the Idovskaya road. Presumably around 1645 it became a county fortified city. Repeatedly reflected the raids of the Crimean, Kuban Tatars. He played an important role in the settlement of the western and southwestern parts of the Penza region.
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An excerpt characterizing Nizhny Lomov
Considering the affairs and papers of his late wife, he had no feeling for her memory, except for pity that she did not know the happiness that he knew now. Prince Vasily, now especially proud of having received a new place and a star, seemed to him a touching, kind and pitiful old man.Pierre often later recalled this time of happy madness. All the judgments that he made for himself about people and circumstances during this period of time remained forever true for him. Not only did he not subsequently renounce these views on people and things, but, on the contrary, in internal doubts and contradictions, he resorted to the view that he had at that time of madness, and this view always turned out to be correct.
“Perhaps,” he thought, “I seemed then strange and ridiculous; but then I was not as mad as I seemed. On the contrary, I was then smarter and more perceptive than ever, and I understood everything that is worth understanding in life, because ... I was happy.
Pierre's madness consisted in the fact that he did not, as before, wait for personal reasons, which he called the virtues of people, in order to love them, and love overflowed his heart, and he, loving people for no reason, found undoubted reasons for which it was worth loving them.
From that first evening, when Natasha, after Pierre's departure, with a joyfully mocking smile, told Princess Marya that he was definitely, well, exactly from the bath, and a frock coat, and a short haircut, from that moment something hidden and unknown to her, but irresistible woke up in Natasha's soul
Everything: face, gait, look, voice - everything suddenly changed in her. Unexpected for herself - the power of life, hopes for happiness surfaced and demanded satisfaction. From the first evening, Natasha seemed to have forgotten everything that had happened to her. Since then, she has never complained about her situation, has not said a single word about the past, and was no longer afraid to make cheerful plans for the future. She spoke little of Pierre, but when Princess Mary mentioned him, a long-extinct gleam lit up in her eyes and her lips puckered up in a strange smile.
The change that took place in Natasha surprised Princess Mary at first; but when she understood its meaning, this change upset her. “Is it possible that she loved her brother so little that she could forget him so soon,” thought Princess Mary, when she alone pondered the change that had taken place. But when she was with Natasha, she did not get angry with her and did not reproach her. The awakened power of life that seized Natasha was obviously so unstoppable, so unexpected for herself, that Princess Mary, in Natasha's presence, felt that she had no right to reproach her even in her soul.
Natasha surrendered herself to the new feeling with such fullness and sincerity that she did not try to hide the fact that she was now not sad, but joyful and cheerful.
When, after a nightly explanation with Pierre, Princess Mary returned to her room, Natasha met her on the threshold.
- He said? Yes? He said? she repeated. Both joyful and at the same time pathetic, asking for forgiveness for his joy, the expression stopped on Natasha's face.
“I wanted to listen at the door; but I knew what you would tell me.
No matter how understandable, no matter how touching was for Princess Marya the look with which Natasha looked at her; no matter how sorry she was to see her excitement; but Natasha's words in the first minute offended Princess Marya. She remembered her brother, his love.
“But what to do! she cannot do otherwise,” thought Princess Marya; and with a sad and somewhat stern face she conveyed to Natasha everything that Pierre had told her. On hearing that he was going to Petersburg, Natasha was amazed.
- To Petersburg? she repeated, as if not understanding. But, peering into the sad expression on Princess Mary's face, she guessed the reason for her sadness and suddenly burst into tears. “Marie,” she said, “teach me what to do.” I'm afraid to be stupid. What you say, I will do; teach me…
- You love him?
“Yes,” Natasha whispered.
- What are you crying about? I’m happy for you,” said Princess Marya, forgiving Natasha’s joy for those tears.
“It won't be anytime soon. Just think what happiness it will be when I will be his wife and you will marry Nicolas.
“Natasha, I asked you not to talk about it. We'll talk about you.
They were silent.
- But why go to Petersburg! - suddenly said Natasha, and she herself hastily answered herself: - No, no, it’s necessary ... Yes, Marie? So you need...
Seven years have passed since the 12th year. The agitated historical sea of Europe has subsided to its shores. It seemed quiet; but the mysterious forces that move mankind (mysterious because the laws governing their movement are unknown to us) continued their action.
Despite the fact that the surface of the historical sea seemed motionless, humanity moved as continuously as the movement of time. Various groups of human clutches were formed and disintegrated; the reasons for the formation and disintegration of states, the movements of peoples were prepared.
The historical sea, unlike before, was directed by gusts from one coast to another: it seethed in the depths. Historical figures, not as before, were carried in waves from one coast to another; now they seemed to circle in one place. Historical figures, who previously at the head of the troops reflected the movement of the masses with the orders of wars, campaigns, battles, now reflected the seething movement with political and diplomatic considerations, laws, treatises ...
Historians call this activity of historical persons reaction.
Describing the activities of these historical figures, who, in their opinion, were the cause of what they call reaction, historians condemn them severely. All the famous people of that time, from Alexander and Napoleon to m me Stael, Photius, Schelling, Fichte, Chateaubriand, etc., are put before their strict judgment and are justified or condemned, according to whether they contributed to progress or reaction.
In Russia, according to their description, a reaction also took place during this period of time, and the main culprit of this reaction was Alexander I - the same Alexander I, who, according to their own descriptions, was the main culprit of the liberal undertakings of his reign and the salvation of Russia.
In real Russian literature, from a schoolboy to a learned historian, there is no person who would not throw his stone at Alexander I for his wrong actions during this period of his reign.
“He should have done this and that. In this case, he did well, in this badly. He behaved well at the beginning of his reign and during the 12th year; but he acted badly, giving a constitution to Poland, creating a Holy Alliance, giving power to Arakcheev, encouraging Golitsyn and mysticism, then encouraging Shishkov and Photius. He did badly, being engaged in the front part of the army; he acted badly, cashiering the Semyonovsky regiment, etc.”
It would be necessary to fill out ten sheets in order to list all the reproaches that historians make to him on the basis of the knowledge of the good of mankind that they possess.
What do these accusations mean?
The very actions for which historians approve of Alexander I - such as: the liberal undertakings of the reign, the struggle with Napoleon, the firmness shown by him in the 12th year, and the campaign of the 13th year, do not follow from the same sources - the conditions of blood , upbringing, life, which made the personality of Alexander what it was - from which those actions follow, for which historians blame him, such as: the Holy Alliance, the restoration of Poland, the reaction of the 20s?
What is the essence of these accusations?
In the fact that such a historical person as Alexander I, a person who stood at the highest possible level of human power, is, as it were, in the focus of the blinding light of all historical rays concentrating on him; a person who was subject to those strongest influences in the world of intrigue, deceit, flattery, self-delusion, which are inseparable from power; a person who felt on himself, every minute of his life, responsibility for everything that happened in Europe, and a person not invented, but living, like every person, with his personal habits, passions, aspirations for goodness, beauty, truth - that this person , fifty years ago, not only was it not virtuous (historians do not reproach for this), but did not have those views on the good of mankind that a professor now has, who is engaged in science from a young age, that is, reading books, lectures and copying these books and lectures in one notebook.
Located on the banks of the Lomov River, 109 kilometers from the regional center. The area of the settlement is 14.5 square kilometers.
General data and historical facts
In 1636, a prison was founded on the site of the modern city. According to some reports, in the middle of the 17th century the settlement was a county town-fortress. For many years, Ostrogo successfully repelled the attacks of the Kuban and Crimean Tatars.
In 1708, the prison was included in the Azov province. From the middle of the 18th century, a large fair began to function in Nizhny Lomov, which served for the rapid development of the city.
In 1780, Nizhny Lomov received the status of a district town of the Nizhnelomovsky district of the Penza governorship.
In 1858, the first match factory was founded in Nizhny Lomov, which later became a very large enterprise.
At the beginning of the 20th century, more than 20 industrial enterprises operated in the city.
In the 1920s, the city radio center and the railway to Vyglyadovka began to function.
In 1939, the settlement was included in the Penza region.
During the Great Patriotic War, the Nizhnelomov Electromechanical Plant was put into operation in Nizhny Lomov, 2 hospitals were located.
In the post-war years, new residential buildings and social facilities were built in the city.
From 1980 to 1998, the settlement was in the status of a city of regional subordination.
Industrial enterprises: plywood factory "Power of Labor", an electromechanical plant, a distillery "Alkoprom", a bakery.
The telephone code of Nizhny Lomov is 84154. The postal code is 442150.
Climate and weather
Nizhny Lomov has a temperate continental climate. Winters are cold and long. Summer is very warm and short.
The warmest month is July - the average temperature is +20.2 degrees. The coldest month is January - the average temperature is -8.5 degrees.
The average annual rainfall is 550 mm.
The total population of Nizhny Lomov for 2018-2019
Population data obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of citizens over the past 10 years.
The total number of inhabitants for 2018 is 20.9 thousand people.
The data from the graph shows a steady decrease in the population from 23,400 people in 2007 to 20,943 people in 2018.
Attractions
1.Anniversary Arch- the building was erected for the 350th anniversary of the founding of the city.
2.Assumption Kazan Monastery- the religious institution was founded in 1880.
3.Museum of Local Lore- cultural institution was opened in 1967. The exposition of the museum tells about the history and development of Nizhny Lomov, the life and life of the local population.
Transport
In Nizhny Lomov there is a railway station that connects the city with Kamenka, Penza, Bashmakovo, Pachelma.
Intracity transport is represented by several bus routes. Buses depart from the city bus station.
The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.
What UV radiation from the sun is
The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.
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UV-A. Longwave radiation range
315–400 nmThe rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.
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UVB. Medium wave radiation range
280–315 nmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
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UVC. Shortwave radiation range
100–280 nmThe most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.
The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effect of the sun. However, these saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum - in autumn. Cloud cover is one of the most variable weather characteristics. The content of carbon dioxide also changes all the time.
At what values of the UV index is there a danger
The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun on the Earth's surface. UV index values range from safe 0 to extreme 11+.
- 0–2 Low
- 3–5 Moderate
- 6–7 High
- 8–10 Very high
- 11+ Extreme
In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values (6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, during the year, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points.
What is the benefit of the sun
In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.
Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.
Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.
Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.
Why is the sun dangerous?
When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive sunburn always borders on a burn. UV radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive impact. This lowers the immune system, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet destroys the DNA strand
How does the sun affect people?
Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. The most sensitive to the Sun are people of the European race - for them, protection is required already at an index of 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is affected the most by the Sun?
people with light
skin tone
People with many moles
Residents of the middle latitudes while relaxing in the south
winter lovers
fishing
Skiers and climbers
People with a family history of skin cancer
In what weather is the sun most dangerous
The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can also get burned in cool cloudy weather.
Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get burned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.
How to protect yourself from the sun
To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow these simple rules:
Get less exposure to the Sun during the midday hours
Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
Stay in the shade more on the beach
Which sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen varies in terms of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the UV rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2%, affects the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is capable of reflecting 100% of ultraviolet light.
For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned people, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.
How to apply sunscreen
The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.
Please refer to the cream instructions for how much to apply.
How to apply sunscreen while swimming
Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Excessive sweating and rubbing with a towel is also a reason to re-protect the skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide full protection. Sand, water, and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their impact on the skin.
How to protect your eyes
Sunlight reflecting off water, snow, or sand can cause painful retinal burns. Use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter to protect your eyes.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains, the atmospheric "filter" is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.
Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.
Thus, in the mountains, the Sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower part of the chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.
How to deal with sunburn if you are burned
Treat the body with a damp sponge to wet the burn
Lubricate the burnt areas with anti-burn cream
If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic
If the burn is severe (skin is very swollen and blisters), seek medical attention.
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Flag of Nizhny Lomov |
Coat of arms of Nizhny Lomov |
| The country | Russia |
| Subject of the federation | Penza region |
| Municipal area | Nizhnelomovsky |
| urban settlement | City of Nizhny Lomov |
| car code | 58 |
| Founded | 1636 |
| Postcode | 442150 |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: 53°32′00″ s. sh. 43°41′00″ E / 53.533333° N sh. 43.683333° E (G) (O) (I) 53°32′00″ s. sh. 43°41′00″ E / 53.533333° N sh. 43.683333° E d. (G) (O) (I) |
| Chapter | Bedikin Alexander Vyacheslavovich |
| Population | ▼ 22,725 people (2010) |
| Telephone code | +7 84154 |
| OKATO code | 56 251 501 |
| Timezone | UTC+4 |
| City with | 1780 |
Nizhny Lomov is a city in the Penza Oblast of Russia, the administrative center of the Nizhnelomovsky District.
Population
Dynamics of the population of the city:
Economy
- electromechanical plant (EMZ)
- brickworks
- plywood factory "Vlast labor"
- Mashinostroitel plant
- butter factory
- 2 distillery (Alkoprom)
- food plant
- Distillery
- bakery
In 2007, the volume of shipped goods of own production, performed works and services on its own in manufacturing industries in 2007 was 1.6 billion rubles.
Story
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Founded as a prison in 1636. Together with Verkhny Lomov, it became one of the main strongholds in the Belgorod security line system, guarding the important Kozlyatsky ford crossing, located at the crossroads from the Wild Field to Narovchat and the Idovskaya road. Presumably, around 1645 it became a county town-fortress. Repeatedly reflected the raids of the Crimean, Kuban Tatars. He played an important role in the settlement of the western and southwestern parts of the Penza region.
In 1708 he was assigned to the Azov (Voronezh) province. After 1717, it lost its defensive functions. The development of the city was facilitated by a large fair (from the middle of the 18th century). Trade caravans from the Don, Ukraine, Central Asia, Iran, India and China passed through the city to the fair in Nizhny Novgorod; in 1767 there were 300 shops and up to 8 thousand buyers.
Since 1780 - the county town of the Nizhnelomovsky district of the Penza governorate. By the middle of the 19th century, the commercial importance of the city had fallen, and agriculture became the main occupation of the inhabitants. Initially developed on the left bank of the river. Lomov, on the mountain. City construction was carried out according to the plan of regular development (1785). In 1858, the peasant S. P. Kamendrovsky founded a match factory, which by the end of the century had turned into a large enterprise. By the beginning of World War I, there were 20 enterprises with 1,405 workers, including 3 match factories, 2 vodka factories, 2 rope factories, and 2 private printing houses.
