Ivan Andreevich Krylov was an extremely talented person: he was fond of mathematics and foreign languages, poetry and music, wrote plays and published magazines.
However, fables brought him the greatest recognition and fame. Krylov earned the glory of the great Russian fabulist during his lifetime. When Ivan Andreevich was asked why he writes fables, he answered: "Fables are understandable to everyone." So, Krylov's fables are known to everyone and understandable to everyone. Which of us has not read his beautiful fables, was not surprised by his quick-witted, witty, intelligent statements,
Many of which have become aphorisms?
In each of his fables, it is as if a living scene from life is played out. In his fables, the poet ridiculed all sorts of human vices: laziness, envy, stupidity, idleness, boastfulness, cruelty, stinginess. Here, for example, is the fable “Trishkina’s retinue”, in which the author subjected a man to crushing criticism that, having no talent, he takes on a job that is beyond her power, as a result of which only sleeves remained from the retinue.
Each person must perform work according to his abilities and vocation, I. A. Krylov proves in his fable “The Quartet”. Its plot is rather simple: having won
Musical instruments and notes, the Monkey, the Donkey, the Goat and the clumsy Bear cub decided to outshine the whole world with their art, but nothing good came of it. And then the monkey said that supposedly they all sit wrong, and therefore the music is bad. They moved several times, but the quartet did not go well. And then Nightingale happened to fly past these “musicians”, he explained to them that in order to become a musician, it is necessary to have the appropriate abilities, talent, without which, no matter how hard they sit down, nothing will come of them.
- To be a musician, you need skill
And your ears are softer, -
Nightingale answers them: -
And you, friends, no matter how you sit down,
All musicians are no good.
Krylov knew well the miserable life of workers, saw the injustice of the then laws that acted to please the ruling classes, and realistically described the then life in his stories.
In the fable "The Wolf and the Lamb" he raises the important problem of the omnipotence and predatory morals of those in power, as well as the lack of rights of workers.
The Little Lamb, frolicking, ran to the river to drink water, where the hungry Wolf saw him and, in order to somehow justify his cruelty, began to give all sorts of ridiculous arguments, but in the end, tired, he declared that the Lamb was already guilty of The wolf wants to eat. Having said this, the Wolf dragged the Lamb into the dark forest. This is the whole truth, justice and legitimacy of the ruler.
How much harm do ignoramuses, worthless, uneducated, uncultured people bring to society? It's not hard to imagine. They themselves do not understand anything in science, they also condemn scientists. This theme is developed by the poet in his fable “The Pig under the Oak”. The pig, having eaten plenty of acorns under the oak, settled down to sleep, and when she woke up, she began to undermine the roots under the oak. When the raven explained to her that it was harmful for the tree, that it could dry out, the pig replied that, they say, it doesn’t matter at all for her whether the tree dries up or not, so that there are acorns from which she grows fat. Similarly, ignorant people deny science, forgetting that they use its fruits.
Tales of Krylov. there are many of them. And each is important, interesting and valuable in its own way. They have a whole world in them. They differ in brightness, wit, expressiveness of language. The great fabulist exposes in them the shortcomings that prevent people from living, criticizes not only individual shortcomings of people, but also certain historical events and social phenomena.
It has long been out of the world. A. Krylov, but the creation of the great Russian fabulist remains incorruptible and is of great value today.
Ivan Andreevich Krylov was an extremely talented person: he was fond of mathematics and foreign languages, poetry and music, wrote plays and published magazines.
However, fables brought him the greatest recognition and fame. Krylov earned the glory of the great Russian fabulist during his lifetime. When Ivan Andreevich was asked why he writes fables, he answered: "Fables are understandable to everyone." So, Krylov's fables are known to everyone and understandable to everyone. Who among us has not read his beautiful fables, was not surprised by his quick-witted, witty, intelligent statements, many of which have become aphorisms?
In each of his fables, it is as if a living scene from life is played out. In his fables, the poet ridiculed all sorts of human vices: laziness, envy, stupidity, idleness, boastfulness, cruelty, stinginess. Here, for example, is the fable "Trishkina's retinue", in which the author subjected a man to crushing criticism, that, having no talent, he takes on a job that is beyond her power, as a result of which only sleeves remained from the retinue.
Each person must perform work according to his abilities and vocation, I. A. Krylov proves in his fable "The Quartet". Its plot is rather simple: having conquered musical instruments and notes, the Monkey, the Donkey, the Goat and the clumsy Bear Cub decided to outshine the whole world with their art, but nothing good came of it. And then the monkey said that supposedly they all sit wrong, and therefore the music is bad. They moved several times, but the quartet did not go well. And then Nightingale happened to fly past these "musicians", he explained to them that in order to become a musician, it is necessary to have the appropriate abilities, talent, without which, no matter how hard they sit down, nothing will come of them.
To be a musician, you need skill
And your ears are softer, -
Nightingale answers them: -
And you, friends, no matter how you sit down,
All musicians are no good.
Krylov knew well the miserable life of workers, saw the injustice of the then laws that acted to please the ruling classes, and realistically described the then life in his stories.
In the fable "The Wolf and the Lamb" he raises the important problem of the omnipotence and predatory morals of those in power, as well as the lack of rights of workers.
The Little Lamb, frolicking, ran to the river to drink water, where the hungry Wolf saw him and, in order to somehow justify his cruelty, began to give all sorts of ridiculous arguments, but in the end, tired, he declared that the Lamb was already guilty of The wolf wants to eat. Having said this, the Wolf dragged the Lamb into the dark forest. This is the whole truth, justice and legitimacy of the ruler.
How much harm do ignoramuses, worthless, uneducated, uncultured people bring to society? It's not hard to imagine. They themselves do not understand anything in science, they also condemn scientists. This theme is developed by the poet in his fable "The Pig under the Oak". The pig, having eaten plenty of acorns under the oak, settled down to sleep, and when she woke up, she began to undermine the roots under the oak. When the raven explained to her that it was harmful for the tree, that it could dry out, the pig replied that, they say, it doesn’t matter at all for her whether the tree dries up or not, so that there are acorns from which she grows fat. Similarly, ignorant people deny science, forgetting that they use its fruits.
Tales of Krylov. there are many of them. And each is important, interesting and valuable in its own way. They have a whole world in them. They differ in brightness, wit, expressiveness of language. The great fabulist exposes in them the shortcomings that prevent people from living, criticizes not only individual shortcomings of people, but also certain historical events and social phenomena.
It has long been out of the world. A. Krylov, but the creation of the great Russian fabulist remains incorruptible and is of great value today.
Lesson 16Mockery of human vices in the fables of I.A. Krylov
Lesson Objectives:
comprehend the conflict situations underlying the fables, analyze the images of the characters, the role of dialogues, speech characteristics in creating images;
To deepen students' understanding of the poetics of the fable genre.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizing time
II. Knowledge update
Hello guys! Creativity of which writer we began to study? ( Ivan Andreevich Krylov)
1) Discussion of epigraphs by M. Isakovsky and P. Vyazemsky
Who has not heard his living word?
Who in life has not met his own?
Immortal creations of Krylov
We love each year more and more.
M. Isakovsky
Guys, tell me what Mikhail Vasilievich Isakovsky meant by creations Ivan Andreevich Krylov (Fables)
With fun, he corrected people,
Sweeping dust from them vices;
He glorified himself with fables,
And this word is our reality.
And they will not forget this
While they speak Russian
We have confirmed it for a long time,
Her and her grandchildren will harden.
P. Vyazemsky
Guys, tell me what Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky meant by reality? (By reality we mean our life, history, historical events that are mentioned in fables)
2) Frontal survey
Guys, let's remember what a fable is?
What is a fable made of? (main narrative and morality (moralizing conclusion).
What is an allegory?
Tell me, is there dialogue in fables?
What is a dialogue?
3) Facts from the biography of I.A. Krylova
And now let's remember the life of I.A. Krylov.
1. In what year was I. A. Krylov born? (1769)
2. In what city? (Tver)
3. What legacy did Krylov's father leave to his children? (Books)
4. What events in the life of I.A. Krylov helped him become a fabulist? (Father early began to teach his son to read and write, sometimes he took him to literary evenings. Little Ivan listened to the poems of local poets, which the seminarians played. sayings Krylov translated Aesop's fables).
5. How many years did Krylov live? (75 years old)
6. What fabulists, besides Krylov, do you know? (Aesop, Lafontaine, I.I. Dmitriev)
Guys, tell me, who is the founder of the fable? (Aesop)
Aesop - an ancient Greek fabulist, lived in the 6th century BC, was a very witty and popular man of his time, is considered the founder of the fable genre.
III.Assimilation of new material
Guys, the topic of our today's lesson is to study the fable of I.A. Krylov "The Wolf and the Lamb" and "The Wolf in the Kennel".
1) Work on the fable "The Wolf and the Lamb"
"Wolf and Lamb"
With the strong, the weak is always to blame:
That is why we hear a lot of examples in History,
But we do not write stories;
But about how they talk in Fables.
A lamb on a hot day went to the stream to get drunk
And it's gotta be bad luck
That near those places a hungry wolf roamed.
He sees a lamb, strives for a bull;
But, to give the case a legitimate look and sense,
Screaming: "How dare you, insolent, with an unclean snout
Here is pure muddy drink
With sand and silt?
For such audacity
I'll rip your head off."
"When the brightest Wolf allows,
I dare to convey that down the stream
From the Lordship of his steps I drink a hundred;
And in vain he will deign to be angry:
I can't make him drink."
"That's why I'm lying!
Waste! Have you ever heard such insolence in the world!
Yes, I remember that you are still in last summer
Here I was somehow rude:
I haven't forgotten that, mate!
"Have mercy, I'm not even a year old," -
The lamb speaks. "So it was your brother."
"I have no brothers." - "So this is kum il matchmaker
Oh, in a word, someone from your own family.
You yourself, your dogs and your shepherds,
You all want me bad
And if you can, then always harm me,
But I will reconcile their sins with you."
"Oh, what am I to blame?" - "Shut up! I'm tired of listening,
Leisure time for me to sort out your guilt, puppy!
It's your fault that I want to eat,
He said and dragged the Lamb into the dark forest.
Questions and tasks:
What feelings did the characters in the story evoke in you?
Did you like the fable?
How many characters are in the fable?
Tell us why the Wolf and the Lamb met? What brought them to the river bank? (The meeting happened by chance. It was a hot day. The lamb was thirsty, moved away from the herd to the stream, and the Wolf was looking for prey nearby)
Find the verb with which Krylov indicated the action of the Wolf near the stream? (Prowled. Meaning: run hurriedly in the hope of finding something you need)
How does Krylov call the meeting of the Lamb with the Wolf? (Trouble)
Imagine how the Lamb could see the Wolf? (Most likely, he saw the reflection of the Wolf in the stream)
How do you imagine the wolf? (The wolf is big, strong, vicious. He has already prepared to jump) Yes, indeed, the Wolf is scary. Moreover, he is terrible to the Lamb, so small and weak.
But is it possible to say that the Lamb was frightened to such an extent that he was “numb with fear”? (People say this about those who, from fear, have lost the ability to speak)
- Not. The Lamb objects, enters into an argument with the Wolf.
So, the Lamb finds the strength to enter into an argument with the terrible Wolf. Let's see how they behave in a dispute. What do we learn from their dialogue? Let's watch the speech of the Lamb.
What is his first line? What words does he use?
“When the brightest Wolf allows,
I dare to convey that down the stream
From the Lordship of his steps I drink a hundred;
And in vain he will deign to be angry:
I can’t stir up drinking.”
The lamb addresses the Wolf respectfully, calling him only in the third person. Please note: this emphasizes their unequal position.
Guys, tell me, how do you imagine the Lamb? Choose the epithets that characterize the Lamb.
Let's write down the characteristics of the Lamb in the literature notebook.
(Lamb: polite, well-mannered, courteous, educated, courageous, self-respecting)
Naively believing that everything can be explained
And only at the end of the argument, the Lamb realizes that he is vainly proving his innocence to the Wolf. Find a replica. (“Oh, what am I to blame?”)
How does he pronounce it? (Hopelessly)
And how does the Wolf behave in a dispute? Is it just rude and vicious? What does he accuse the Lamb of? List the sins of the Lamb that he did not commit (according to the text of the fable)
How do you imagine the wolf? Choose the epithets that characterize the Wolf?
Let's write down the characteristics of the Wolf in a notebook.
(Wolf: rude, vicious, cruel, unfair, ruthless, merciless)
Let's prove it! What does the wolf call the lamb? ("Insolent", "unfit", "puppy")
What conclusion can we draw about the Wolf? (Wolf accuses, obviously knowing that the Lamb is not guilty of anything)
Guys, tell me, which side is the truth? (On the side of the Lamb, but he is defenseless. The Wolf has no truth, but he has strength.)
The wolf is the bearer of brute force. Let's consider the position of the author.
What words express "wolf right"? ("It's your fault that I want to eat")
Here is the wolf's law, frank, not covered by anything.
And now let's define the main idea of the fable, which we call morality. ("The strong always blame the weak")
Fable "The Wolf and the Lamb"- the bitter truth about the unfair orders of tsarist Russia, where rich and noble people brutally and with impunity cracked down on defenseless, powerless people. The wolf acts as a noble person, and the Lamb - as a defenseless person.
2) Work on the fable "Wolf in the kennel".
- Page 60 - reading the article "Each Krylov's fable has its own story"
- Expressive reading of the fable by the teacher
Questions and tasks:
Does the Wolf in this fable look like the Wolf we already know? What is the difference?
Let's read the dialogue between the Wolf and the Huntsman by roles. How does the Wolf's behavior characterize him? With what intonation will you read his words?
What is the meaning of the phrase: "... you are gray, and I, buddy, are gray ..."?
Who is hiding behind the images of the Wolf and the Huntsman? (The basis is a historical fact - the capture of Moscow by Napoleon. Krylov sent the fable to Kutuzov in manuscript. The field marshal read, or rather, retold Krylov's fable to the officers and soldiers surrounding him. a hat from his gray head, and a loud "Hurrah"! was the answer to the commander, and at the same time a greeting to the poet. So, Napoleon is hiding behind the image of the Wolf, Kutuzov is behind the Huntsman.)
What qualities does Krylov give to the Wolf (Napoleon)? (Z abiyaka, thief, cunning, perfidious, cowardly, hypocritical, liar).
Why didn't the Stalker accept Wolf's offer?
What do the wolves in both fables have in common?
Can we say that the allegory of this fable is applicable only to this particular historical case?
Give an example of a situation to which the moral of this fable could be applied.
What lines contain the moral of the fable?
That is why my custom is:
With wolves, otherwise do not make the world,
Like skinning them off.
- The historical basis of the fable
The situation described in the fable by I. A. Krylov quite accurately reflects the events of the Patriotic War of 1812. The line: “A wolf at night, thinking to climb into a sheepfold, // Got into a kennel” - tells us that Napoleon easily conquered all the major states of Europe like a wolf easily grabs harmless sheep. He thought that conquering Russia would be just as easy. But he was mistaken: “In a minute, the kennel became hell ...” - writes Krylov. The whole people rose to fight the invaders, both the army and partisan detachments from the peasants fought with Napoleon's detachments. Phrase: "Fire! - shout, - fire! - can be understood as an allegory about a fire in Moscow. It was in burning Moscow that Napoleon felt driven into a corner and realized that his army was close to death, that he would have to answer for all the evil and misfortune brought by him.
From Moscow, Napoleon sent to St. Petersburg, which was then the capital of the Russian Empire, a letter to Emperor Alexander I asking for peace. "Friends! Why all this noise? / / I, your old matchmaker and godfather ... ”The commander-in-chief of the Russian army, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, an old, experienced commander, did not believe Napoleon's assurances. Krylov in the fable calls Kutuzov the Huntsman: “Here the Huntsman interrupted in response, - // You are gray, and I, buddy, are gray ...”
From Moscow, Napoleon decided to withdraw with the army to the south of Russia, but Kutuzov's troops forced him to retreat along the Smolensk road, which Napoleon destroyed during the offensive. Hounds are dogs that chase a running animal. “A pack of hounds” Krylov calls the army that pursued the retreating French, and partisan detachments of peasants who attacked enemy units when they least expected an attack.
What features in the behavior of the Huntsman and the Wolf emphasized Krylov? The wolf shows deceit, treachery, cunning and cowardice. Huntsman - experienced, wise, prudent, he knows the habits of the Wolf and does not believe his tricks.
- “No matter what a predator dresses up, he remains a predator. This is the popular perception of Napoleon Krylov conveyed with his fable. Do you agree with this statement?
The wolf is a predator, and even if he offers peace negotiations, he still remains a predator. The people understand and feel this well. Krylov in his fable conveys the popular perception of Napoleon as a predator who must be expelled from his native land.
IV. Summarizing
What did you learn new today?
What did you repeat?
V. Homework:
Learn one of the fables by heart.
Krylov's fables are an excellent school of observations of life, phenomena, characters. Fables are of interest both in dynamic plots and in the depiction of the characters of the characters, in particular animals, insects, birds. Each read fable causes a person to think.
Reading the fable "Demyan's Ear", you understand: the story that the author tells is not at all about the specific Demyan and Foka, and not about the ear and excessive hospitality. Demyan personifies such traits as obsession, captiousness, importunity, inability to respect the desires of another person. And the fable also teaches: beautiful intentions do not always have good consequences.
The inability to work together, caring about the common cause, and not about their own tastes, is personified by the characters of the fable "Swan, Pike and Cancer". The last line of this fable - "But things are still there" - became a catch phrase. Sometimes with the help of these words they characterize the state of affairs of a person who is not able to complete what he started. The fable helps to understand: before taking on some business, you need to carefully weigh both your capabilities and the capabilities of your accomplices. Otherwise, “only flour” will come out of that case.
Krylov exposes the ignoramus and the ignorant in the fable "The Monkey and Glasses". Some people are very similar to the character of the fable: unable to understand some phenomenon, they deny or forbid it. Many characters in Krylov's fables seem to have come from folk tales. Their "characters" are well known, but the author creates situations in which their essence is revealed.
The fox is a character in many fairy tales. This image is used when you need to portray cunning, cunning. In the fable "The Crow and the Fox" it is cunning that helps the Fox to take possession of a piece of cheese. But the fable condemns not cunning and cunning, but sycophancy and those who believe in any words, so that only they are pleasant. Krylov's fables expose various flaws in human characters and teach the art of living with dignity.
General and excellent Krylov's fable "The Wolf and the Lamb" and Aesop's fable of the same name
It is known that the plots of many fables originated in antiquity, but fabulists from different countries use them to write new works.
How a new work arises on the basis of a well-known plot, let's try to explore this using the example of Aesop's and Krylov's fables.
Aesop is a legendary poet who is considered the founder of the fable genre. Aesop's fables are prosaic, narrative, concise. The main attention is paid to the clash between the carriers of certain traits or different life positions. In the fable "The Wolf and the Lamb", the characters of the characters are clearly defined: the Lamb represents defenselessness, the Wolf represents strength. The moral that emerges from this is that just defense has no effect on those who intend to do injustice.
Unlike Aesop, Krylov placed the moral of his fable at the beginning, but the development of events in the fable is not perceived as a simple illustration of morality. With Krylov, the wolf becomes the embodiment of an inexorable evil force, cruelty and self-will, and the development of the plot before our eyes reveals the mechanism of action of this cruel force. Readers become witnesses of everything that happens to the characters.
At the beginning of the fable, the Lamb is not afraid of the Wolf, because he does not harm anyone and does not violate the established rules. The senseless accusations that the Wolf makes, the Lamb easily refutes. There is self-respect in the Lamb's answers. For a moment, it even seems to readers that the Lamb has driven the Wolf into a dead end, because the predator has no more arguments to accuse. But from this it does not at all emerge that after meeting with the Wolf the Lamb will remain unharmed. Just the opposite. Each worthy answer of the Lamb annoys the Wolf even more. Finally, the masterful predator gets tired of looking for the imaginary guilt of his victim and he shows his essence. The last words of the fable: "He said - and the Wolf dragged the Lamb into the dark forest" - at the same time expected and unexpected. The reader knew from the very beginning that this was bound to happen, but, watching the development of events, he hoped that the Lamb would still bring his innocence.
In the fables of Aesop and Krylov, the plot, characters and even morality are common. Aesop's fable is written in prose, and Krylov's in poems. But, in my opinion, the most important thing that distinguishes these two fables is the very reader's perception of the works. Aesop's fable appeals, so to speak, to the mind of the reader. And Krylov's fable is to his heart.
A fable is a short story of a satirical nature. For a long time, with the help of a fable, a person has been looking for an answer to the question: how to behave in a vast and complex world, how to build relationships with other people correctly. A fable is always allegorical in nature, and animals, plants, and things most often act as characters in it.
Ivan Andreevich Krylov - the great Russian fabulist. We have been familiar with his works since childhood. In his fables, he ridicules and criticizes the shortcomings of public life and human vices: cunning, greed, laziness, vanity, cowardice, stupidity, ignorance. And he does it simply and intelligibly, in an understandable language.
So, for example, Krylov is convinced that the basis of life is work, and the well-being of society depends on the consistent work of people who work honestly and skillfully. What the lack of professional knowledge can lead to is shown in the Quartet fable. Once in the forest, the animals gathered to play a quartet. They took out the notes, took up the instruments
And sat down on the meadow under the limes
Captivate the world with your art.
They hit the bows, they tear, but there is no sense.
The "musicians" began to look for the cause of the bad game and decided that it was all due to the fact that they were sitting incorrectly. Several times they changed places, sat down "decently in a row", but this did not give the desired result. After all, the point is not how the artists sit down, but the ability to own an instrument, to perform musical works on it. Only the nightingale, which flew in to the noise, opened the eyes of the unfortunate musicians:
To be a musician, you need skill
And your ears are softer ...
And you, friends, no matter how you sit down,
All musicians are no good.
In a common cause, not only professionalism and skill are needed, it is very important to have agreement. The wonderful fable "Swan, Pike and Cancer" tells about this. The animals gathered to carry the cart, but each was so sure of his own right that he did not want to listen to the opinions of others. Each of them pulled the cart in his direction, so he did not budge.
In the Pike fable, the author criticizes the judges for their immorality, cunning and resourcefulness. He no longer simply ridicules, but exposes the judges, who create the appearance of observing all the rules, but "judge by untruth". The moral of this fable echoes well-known Russian proverbs: “The laws are holy, but the judges are adversaries”, “The court is direct, but the judge is crooked”, which (as in fables) reflect the attitude of the common people to life phenomena. The author often relies on folk wisdom contained in legends, proverbs and sayings in order to make his conclusions (the moral of the fable) accessible to ordinary readers.
Ivan Andreevich Krylov earned national fame and gratitude. The works created by him have long gone beyond the borders of Russia, he became known both in England and in America. He is valued and revered along with the great fabulists of antiquity and modern times.
