A. The basic equation of the MKT of an ideal gas

Pressure, mean square velocity, mass of molecules

A 1 Which of the following answers is the correct answer to the question: in which cases it is NOT possible to use the ideal gas model? A: At temperatures close to absolute zero. B: At high particle concentrations. 1) Only in case A 2) Only in case B 3) In both cases 4) Not in any case A 2 If the mean square velocity of gas molecules is 400 m/s, this means that 1) all gas molecules move at this speed 2) most of the molecules move at this speed 3) if we add the velocity vectors of the molecules at a given time and square them, we get (400 m/s) 2 4) if we add the squares of the velocities of the molecules in given moment and divided by the number of molecules, you get (400 m / s) 2 A 3 In experiments on measuring the velocities of gas molecules, the following diagrams of the distribution of molecules over velocities were obtained. How are the average velocities of molecules in the 1st and 2nd experiments related? 50 % 0- 200- 400- 600- -200 -400 -600 -800 20 % 20 % 5 % 5 % 50 % 1) 2) 3) 4) Cannot be determined from the given data A 4 To the question "Why does the pressure of a gas in a closed vessel increase with increasing temperature?" The students named three reasons: I) the average impact force of molecules on the walls of the vessel increases; II) the concentration of particles in the gas increases; III) the frequency of particle impacts on the vessel wall increases. From the point of view of the molecular kinetic theory of an ideal gas, the correct statements are: 1) only I and II 2) only I and III 3) only II and III 4) and I, and II, and III A 5 The pressure of an ideal gas depends on A: the concentration of molecules. B: average kinetic energy of molecules. 1) only from A 2) only from B 3) both from A and from B4) neither from A nor from B A 6 A pressure of 100 kPa is created by gas molecules weighing kg at a concentration of m -3 . What is the root mean square velocity of the molecules? 1) 1 mm/s 2) 1 cm/s 3) 300 m/s 4) 1000 m/s A 7 At a constant concentration of molecules of an ideal gas, the root-mean-square velocity of the thermal motion of its molecules decreased by 4 times. How many times did the pressure of the gas decrease? 1) 16 times 2) 32 times 3) 24 times 4) 8 times A 8 At a constant concentration of molecules of an ideal gas, as a result of cooling, the gas pressure decreased by 4 times. The root-mean-square velocity of the thermal motion of gas molecules in this case 1) decreased by 16 times 2) decreased by 2 times 3) decreased by 4 times 4) has not changed A 9 At a constant concentration of ideal gas molecules, as a result of heating, the gas pressure increased by 4 times. How did the root-mean-square velocity of the thermal motion of gas molecules change in this case? 1) Increased 4 times 2) Increased by 2 times 3) Increased 16 times 4) Decreased by 4 times

Pressure and average kinetic energy

A 10 At a constant concentration of particles of an ideal gas, the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its molecules increased by 3 times. At the same time, the gas pressure 1) decreased by 3 times 2) increased by 3 times 3) increased 9 times 4) has not changed A 11 At a constant concentration of molecules of an ideal gas, the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its molecules has changed by 4 times. How did the pressure of the gas change? 1) 16 times 2) 2 times 3) 4 times 4) No change A 12 At a constant concentration of helium molecules, the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its molecules increased by 4 times. At the same time, the gas pressure 1) increased 16 times 2) increased by 2 times 3) increased by 4 times 4) has not changed A 13 At a constant concentration of helium molecules, the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its molecules decreased by 4 times. At the same time, the gas pressure 1) decreased by 16 times 2) decreased by 2 times 3) decreased by 4 times 4) has not changed A 14 How will the pressure of an ideal monatomic gas change if the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of molecules and the concentration are reduced by 2 times? 1) will increase by 4 times 2) Decrease by 2 times 3) Decrease by 4 times 4) Will not change A 15 How will the pressure of an ideal monatomic gas change with an increase in the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its molecules by 2 times and a decrease in the concentration of molecules by 2 times? 1) will increase by 4 times 2) Decrease by 2 times 3) Decrease by 4 times 4) Will not change A 16 The concentration of ideal gas molecules was reduced by a factor of 5. At the same time, the average kinetic energy of the chaotic motion of gas molecules was doubled. As a result, the gas pressure in the vessel 1) decreased by 5 times 2) decreased by 2.5 times 3) increased by 2 times 4) decreased by 1.25 times A 17 As a result of the cooling of a monatomic ideal gas, its pressure decreased by 4 times, and the concentration of gas molecules did not change. In this case, the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of gas molecules 1) decreased by 16 times 2) decreased by 2 times 3) decreased by 4 times 4) has not changed A 18 As a result of heating, the pressure of an ideal gas at a constant density increased by 4 times. How has the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of gas molecules changed? 1) Increased 4 times 2) Increased by 2 times 3) Increased 16 times 4) Decreased by 4 times A 19 The pressure of a gas increases when it is heated in a closed vessel. This can be explained by an increase 1) concentration of molecules 2) distances between molecules 3) average kinetic energy of molecules 4) average potential energy of molecules A 20 At constant pressure, the concentration of gas molecules increased by 5 times, but its mass did not change. Average kinetic energy of translational motion of gas molecules 1) has not changed 2) decreased by 5 times 3) increased by 5 times 4) increased by times

Pressure and absolute temperature

Do both!

I option

1) 2)

A. only 1 B. only 2

C. 1 and 2 D. neither 1 nor 2

A. 16.5 B. 22.4

V. 21.6 D. 60.5

3. Which of the graphs correctly reflects the dependence of the density of a gas on the concentration of its molecules?

A. 1 B. 2

V. 3 D. 4

4. If the root mean square velocity of gas molecules is 400 m/s, this means that

A. all gas molecules move at this speed

B. most molecules move at this speed

B. if you add the velocity vectors of molecules at a given time and square it, you get (400 m / s) 2

G. if you add up the squares of the velocities of the molecules at a given moment and divide by the number of molecules, you get (400 m / s) 2

5. Compare the oxygen pressure p 1 and hydrogen p 2 on the walls of the vessel, if the concentration of gases and their root-mean-square velocities are the same.

A. r 1 \u003d 16r 2 B. r 1 \u003d 8r 2

V. r 1 \u003d r 2 G. r 1 \u003d 2r 2

6. What is the concentration of oxygen molecules if its pressure is 0.2 MPa and the mean square velocity of the molecules is 700 m/s?

A. m -3 B. m -3

V. m -3 D. m -3

7. The density of the gas in the first vessel is 4 times the density of the same gas in the second vessel. What is the ratio of the root-mean-square velocities of the gas molecules in the first and second vessels, if the pressure of the gases is the same?

A. 4 B. 2

H. 1/2 D. 1/4

8. The 1.2 liter flask containshelium atoms. What is the average kinetic energy of each atom if the gas pressure in the flask is 10 5 Pa?

A. J B. J

V. J G. J

9. At constant pressure, the concentration of gas molecules increased by 5 times, but its mass did not change. Average kinetic energy of translational motion of gas molecules

A. did not change B. decreased by 5 times

V. increased 5 times G. increased in once

A. no B. yes

V. sometimes you can G. don't know

II option

1. Which of the following formulas establishes a relationship between the micro-parameters of a gas and its measured macro-parameter?

1) 2)

A. only 1 B. only 2

C. 1 and 2 D. neither 1 nor 2

2. The table shows the results of calculations of the velocity distribution of gas molecules.

A. 5.1 B. 14.7

V. 22.4 D. 44

3. There is a gas in a vessel closed by a movable piston. Which of the graphs correctly reflects the dependence of the concentration of gas molecules on volume?

A. 1

B. 2

IN 3

G. 4

4. The figure shows the dependence of the interaction force between molecules on the distance between them. Which of the dependencies corresponds to an ideal gas

A. 1 B. 2

C. 3 D. none of the addictions

5. How will the pressure of an ideal gas on the walls of a vessel change if the speed of each molecule in a given volume has doubled, but the concentration of molecules has not changed?

A. will not change B. will increase by 4 times

V. will decrease by 4 times D. will increase by 2 times

G. gases, liquids and crystalline bodies

6. What is the average kinetic energy of the translational motion of argon molecules, if 2 kg of it, being in a vessel with a volume of 2 m 3 , exert pressurePa? The molar mass of argon is 0.04 kg/mol.

A. J B. J

V. J G. J

7. The average kinetic energy of the translational motion of an ideal gas molecule is 6∙10-21 J. Determine the concentration of gas molecules if it is in a pressure vessel 2∙10 5 Pa.

A. 1∙10 25 m -3 B. 5∙10 25 m -3

H. 3∙10 25 m - D. 2∙10 25 m -3

8. If in a vessel with a capacity of 1 m 3 there is 1.2 kg of ideal gas at a pressure of 10 5 Pa, then the root-mean-square velocity of gas molecules is equal to:

A. 200 m/s B. 400 m/s

H. 300 m/s D. 500 m/s

9. At a constant concentration of particles of an ideal gas, the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its molecules decreased by 4 times. At the same time, the gas pressure

A. decreased by 16 times B. decreased by 2 times

V. decreased by 4 times D. did not change

10. Is it possible to talk about the pressure exerted by one molecule on the walls of the vessel?

A. yes B. no

V. sometimes you can G. don't know

Ideal gas MKT type A Page 9 from 9

MKT IDEAL GAS

BASIC MKT EQUATION , ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE

At a constant particle concentration, the absolute temperature of an ideal gas was increased by a factor of 4. At the same time, the gas pressure

increased by 4 times

increased by 2 times

decreased by 4 times

hasn't changed

At a constant absolute temperature, the concentration of ideal gas molecules was increased by 4 times. At the same time, the gas pressure

increased by 4 times

increased by 2 times

decreased by 4 times

hasn't changed

The vessel contains a mixture of gases - oxygen and nitrogen - with an equal concentration of molecules. Compare the pressure produced by oxygen ( R to) and nitrogen ( R a) on the walls of the vessel.

1) ratio R to and R a will be different at different temperatures of the gas mixture

2) R to = R a

3) R to > R a

4) R to R a

At a constant concentration of particles of an ideal gas, the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its molecules decreased by 4 times. At the same time, the gas pressure

decreased by 16 times

decreased by 2 times

decreased by 4 times

hasn't changed

As a result of the cooling of a monatomic ideal gas, its pressure decreased by 4 times, and the concentration of gas molecules did not change. In this case, the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of gas molecules

decreased by 16 times

decreased by 2 times

decreased by 4 times

hasn't changed

At constant pressure, the concentration of gas molecules increased by 5 times, and its mass did not change. Average kinetic energy of translational motion of gas molecules

The absolute body temperature is 300 K. On the Celsius scale, it is

1) - 27°С 2) 27°С 3) 300°С 4) 573°С

The temperature of the solid body dropped by 17°C. On the absolute temperature scale, this change was

1) 290 K 2) 256 K 3) 17 K 4) 0 K

Measuring pressure p, temperature T and concentration of molecules n gas for which ideality conditions are satisfied, we can determine

gravitational constant G

Boltzmann's constantk

Planck's constant h

Rydberg constant R

According to the calculations, the temperature of the liquid should be equal to 143 K. Meanwhile, the thermometer in the vessel shows a temperature of -130 °C. It means that

the thermometer is not designed for low temperatures and needs to be replaced

thermometer shows higher temperature

thermometer shows lower temperature

thermometer shows calculated temperature

At a temperature of 0 °C, the ice of the rink melts. Puddles form on the ice, and the air above it is saturated with water vapor. In which of the media (in ice, in puddles or water vapor) is the average energy of movement of water molecules the highest?

1) in ice 2) in puddles 3) in water vapor 4) everywhere the same

When an ideal gas is heated, its absolute temperature doubles. How did the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of gas molecules change in this case?

increased 16 times

increased by 4 times

increased by 2 times

hasn't changed

Metal gas cylinders must not be stored at temperatures above a certain temperature, as otherwise they may explode. This is due to the fact that

the internal energy of a gas depends on the temperature

gas pressure depends on temperature

gas volume depends on temperature

Molecules break down into atoms and energy is released

As the temperature of the gas in the sealed vessel decreases, the pressure of the gas decreases. This decrease in pressure is due to the fact that

the energy of thermal motion of gas molecules decreases

the energy of interaction of gas molecules with each other decreases

the randomness of the movement of gas molecules decreases

gas molecules decrease in size as it cools

In a closed vessel, the absolute temperature of an ideal gas decreased by a factor of 3. In this case, the pressure of the gas on the walls of the vessel

The concentration of molecules of a monatomic ideal gas was reduced by a factor of 5. At the same time, the average energy of the chaotic motion of gas molecules was doubled. As a result, the gas pressure in the vessel

decreased by 5 times

increased by 2 times

decreased by 5/2 times

decreased by 5/4 times

As a result of heating the gas, the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its molecules increased by 4 times. How did the absolute temperature of the gas change?

increased by 4 times

increased by 2 times

decreased by 4 times

hasn't changed

KLAIPERON-MENDELEEV EQUATION, GAS LAWS

The tank contains 20 kg of nitrogen at a temperature of 300 K and a pressure of 10 5 Pa. What is the volume of the tank?

1) 17.8 m 3 2) 1.8 10 -2 m 3 3) 35.6 m 3 4) 3.6 10 -2 m 3

In a cylinder with a volume of 1.66 m 3 there is 2 kg of nitrogen at a pressure of 10 5 Pa. What is the temperature of this gas?

1) 280°C 2) 140°C 3) 7°C 4) - 3°C

At a temperature of 10 0 C and a pressure of 10 5 Pa, the gas density is 2.5 kg/m 3 . What is the molar mass of the gas?

59 g/mol 2) 69 g/mol 3) 598 kg/mol 4) 5.8 10 -3 kg/mol

A vessel of constant volume contains an ideal gas in an amount of 2 mol. How should the absolute temperature of a vessel with gas be changed when one more mole of gas is added to the vessel so that the pressure of the gas on the walls of the vessel increases by 3 times?

decrease by 3 times

decrease by 2 times

increase by 2 times

increase 3 times

A vessel of constant volume contains an ideal gas in an amount of 2 mol. How should the absolute temperature of a vessel with gas be changed when 1 mol of gas is released from the vessel so that the pressure of the gas on the walls of the vessel increases by 2 times?

increase by 2 times

increase 4 times

decrease by 2 times

decrease by 4 times

A vessel of constant volume contains an ideal gas in an amount of 1 mol. How should the absolute temperature of a vessel with gas be changed so that when another 1 mole of gas is added to the vessel, the pressure of the gas on the walls of the vessel decreases by 2 times?

increase by 2 times

decrease by 2 times